JP6728531B2 - Membrane roof unit and membrane roof structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a retractable roof structure, and more specifically, to a membrane roof unit that generates tension in a stretched membrane roof in the opening/closing axis direction and a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, and a membrane roof structure using the same. Technology.

Facilities that accommodate a large number of spectators, such as stadiums and event venues, may be roofed so that they can be carried out even in rainy weather. Furthermore, an increasing number of facilities have openable roofs so that competitions can be held in a natural environment during fine weather. In the case of an openable and closable roof, it is desirable that the structure is such that it can be compactly stored in the open state (the state where the roof is open) and can be expanded into various shapes in the closed state (the state where the roof is closed). Therefore, roof materials that can be used as openable roofs are limited, and membrane materials that are relatively freely deformable are the mainstream.

Opening and closing membrane roofs have wrinkles and dents (ponding) when they are expanded, and the membranes will break or buckle when subjected to a load from strong winds or when rain or snow accumulates, resulting in the expected strength of the design. May not be exhibited. In order to prevent wrinkles and depressions from being formed on the membrane roof, it is necessary to apply a predetermined tension (generally, about 200 kgf/m) to the membrane roof during expansion. However, it is relatively easy to introduce tension in the direction in which the membrane roof opens and closes (expands and contracts) (hereinafter referred to as the "opening and closing axis direction"), but the direction orthogonal to the opening and closing axis direction (hereinafter, "opening and closing axis right angle"). It is not easy to introduce tension also in "direction". For example, in addition to the power for moving the membrane roof in the opening/closing axis direction (that is, introducing the tension in the opening/closing axis direction), it is also possible to use the power or structure for introducing the tension in the opening/closing axis orthogonal direction, This requires a great deal of effort and cost. Therefore, the conventional open/close type membrane roof has a problem that wrinkles and dents remain during expansion because the tension is introduced only in the opening/closing axis direction, that is, the tension introduction in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis is omitted. Furthermore, in the conventional open/close type membrane roof, not only in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis but also in the opening/closing axis direction during the change from the closed state to the open state or from the open state to the closed state (hereinafter referred to as "opening/closing"). There was also a problem that tension could not be introduced. Therefore, the opening and closing work is allowed only under certain limited conditions (for example, a state of no wind to a slight breeze).

Therefore, in Patent Document 1, by pulling the membrane roof downward with a vertical tension member, a pulling force in the opening/closing axial direction is introduced, and the lower end portions of both V-shaped frames inclined inward are connected by wires. We propose a membrane roof structure that introduces tensile force in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis.

Japanese Patent No. 5711419

The invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses only power for moving the membrane roof in the opening/closing axis direction, that is, without preparing power or structure for introducing tension in a direction orthogonal to the opening/closing axis, in the opening/closing axis direction for the membrane roof. It is an extremely rational technology that can generate tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening and closing axis. On the other hand, the present invention requires a slightly complicated structure such as a vertical tension member, V-shaped frames on both sides, and a wire connecting these, so it can be said that there is some room for improvement.

By the way, in principle, the roof, which is the main structural part of a building, must be non-combustible. Therefore, when a film material is used as the roof, it is necessary to select a nonflammable material. Membrane materials for roofs are classified into Class A and Class B with glass fiber as the base cloth, Class C with synthetic fiber as the base cloth, and tent warehouse, of which Class A and Class B are non-combustible materials. .. That is, the type A film material or the type B film material is selected for the roof. For example, Tokyo Dome, which was built in 1988, uses a type A film material, and has maintained sufficient function and strength for over 20 years.

However, since the type A or type B membrane material uses glass fiber as the base fabric, it cannot withstand excessive deformation such as strong wrinkling. However, in the case of a membrane roof having an arch shape in the direction orthogonal to the opening/closing axis, creases that cannot be avoided have heretofore been formed at the lower end portion (folded portion) of the folded membrane roof. Comparing the folded and folded parts of the membrane roof when comparing the folded and folded positions, the folded part is usually positioned lower when folded than when expanded, so the curvature of the folded part when folded is greater than when folded. Is larger (the radius is shorter), and therefore the dimension (length) of the folded portion is smaller (shorter) when folded than when expanded. Therefore, if the folded-back portion is designed to have the dimension at the time of expansion, the dimension becomes excessive at the time of folding, which causes wrinkles.

An object of the present invention is to solve the problem of the prior art, that is, it does not require power or structure for introducing tension in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, and has a simple structure for opening and closing the opening/closing axis direction and opening/closing in the membrane roof. A membrane roof unit and a membrane roof structure capable of generating tension in the direction perpendicular to the axis, and without causing wrinkles on the membrane roof even when folded, and capable of introducing tension to the membrane roof during opening and closing. Is to provide.

According to the present invention, the size of the middle bent portion (folded portion) of the roof membrane material is made smaller (shorter) than both ends thereof, so that tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis is introduced at the time of expansion and at the time of folding due to a change in dimension. This invention was developed with a focus on avoiding wrinkles, and was an invention that was made based on an idea that has never existed before.

The membrane roof unit of the present invention constitutes an openable membrane roof structure, and is provided with a "fixation beam" arranged in a direction orthogonal to the opening/closing axis and a "roof membrane material" composed of a plurality of partial roof membrane materials. It is a thing. The partial roof membrane material that constitutes the roof membrane material has a first end portion at one end, a second end portion at the other end, and a middle bent portion at the center when viewed in the opening/closing axis direction. The length of the second end portion is longer than the length of the middle bent portion. The roof membrane material is formed by arranging a plurality of partial roof membrane materials in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis and further connecting adjacent partial roof membrane materials. In the roof membrane material in which a plurality of partial roof membrane materials are connected, the entire first end portion where the first end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous, and the entire second end portion where the second end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous An entire middle bent portion is formed in which the end portion and the middle bent portion of the partial roof membrane material are continuous. Then, the entire first end portion and the entire second end portion of the roof membrane material are fixed to the fixing beams, respectively. When the distance between the two fixing beams for fixing the roof membrane material is reduced, the roof membrane material is entirely folded at the folding portion. On the other hand, when the distance between the two fixing beams is increased, the roof membrane material is stretched to generate tension in the opening/closing axis direction, and the entire middle bent portion is stretched to generate tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, that is, the opening/closing axis. And tension perpendicular to the opening/closing axis is generated.

In the membrane roof unit of the invention of the present application, when the roof membrane material is folded along the entire middle folding portion, the end portions (the whole first end portion and the whole second end portion) and the whole folding portion are substantially the same (including the same). The shape may be a substantially circular arc (including a circular arc) centered on the point () (that is, a concentric circular arc shape).

The membrane roof unit of the present invention has a plurality of partial roof membrane materials forming the roof membrane material, the outer ends (direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis) of the partial roof membrane materials arranged at both ends (direction orthogonal to the opening/closing axis) are substantially The shape may be an arc (including an arc).

In the membrane roof unit of the present invention, the roof membrane material may be fixed to the fixing beam after the tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis is introduced to the entire first end portion and the entire second end portion of the roof membrane material. it can.

In the membrane roof unit of the present invention, a plurality of partial roof membrane materials are arranged such that the warp direction is the opening/closing axis direction and the weft thread direction is the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis. A roof membrane material can be formed by connecting them.

The membrane roof structure of the present invention is an opening and closing type, and includes a plurality of "fixing beams" arranged in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, and a "roof membrane material" installed between two fixing beams facing each other in the opening/closing axis direction. This structure has a "driving mechanism" that moves the beam in the opening/closing axis direction. The partial roof membrane material that constitutes the roof membrane material has a first end portion at one end, a second end portion at the other end, and a middle bent portion at the center when viewed in the opening/closing axis direction. The length of the second end portion is longer than the length of the middle bent portion. The roof membrane material is formed by arranging a plurality of partial roof membrane materials in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis and further connecting adjacent partial roof membrane materials. In the roof membrane material in which a plurality of partial roof membrane materials are connected, the entire first end portion where the first end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous, and the entire second end portion where the second end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous An entire middle bent portion is formed in which the end portion and the middle bent portion of the partial roof membrane material are continuous. Then, the entire first end portion and the entire second end portion of the roof membrane material are fixed to the fixing beams, respectively. When the two fixing beams for fixing the roof membrane material are moved by the drive mechanism to reduce the distance, the roof membrane material is entirely folded at the folding portion. On the other hand, when the distance between the two fixing beams is increased, the roof membrane material is stretched to generate tension in the opening/closing axis direction, and the entire middle bent portion is stretched to generate tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, that is, the opening/closing axis. And tension perpendicular to the opening/closing axis is generated.

In the membrane roof structure of the present invention, the rigidity of the end fixing beam arranged at the end (opening/closing axis direction) of the plurality of fixing beams is higher than the rigidity of the intermediate fixing beam (fixing beam excluding the end fixing beams). It can also be large. The intermediate fixing beam can fix the end portions (whole first end portion or whole second end portion) of two roof membrane materials that are adjacent to each other in the opening/closing axis direction.

The membrane roof unit and the membrane roof structure of the present invention have the following effects.
(1) It is not necessary to prepare a power or structure (in addition to the power for opening and closing the membrane roof) for introducing tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, and no special member such as a vertical tension member or a V-shaped frame is required. It has a simple structure, that is, a simpler and lighter structure than the prior art, and can generate tension in the roof membrane material in two directions, the opening/closing axis direction and the opening/closing axis orthogonal direction.
(2) Since wrinkles do not occur in the roof membrane material not only when it is expanded but also when it is folded, the strength expected at the time of design is sufficiently exerted, and there is no fear that the roof membrane material will be damaged or buckled.
(3) Since tensions in two directions are introduced into the film material, it is possible to prevent wrinkles, loosening, and flapping that occur during use. Therefore, not only the C-type film material but also the A-type and B-type film materials which are vulnerable to wrinkles can be adopted.
(4) By fixing the entire first end portion and the entire second end portion to the fixing beam in a state where the tension in the direction orthogonal to the opening/closing axis is introduced, the tension is introduced into the roof membrane material even during folding. As a result, even when an external force such as a strong wind is applied during folding, it is not easily deformed, and damage or buckling can be suppressed. Furthermore, since tension can be introduced to the membrane roof even during opening and closing, opening and closing work can be performed under conditions severer than those in the past (for example, conditions other than strong wind).
(5) In the prior art, the width in the opening/closing axis direction of the membrane roof unit (that is, the width between the fixing beams) depends on the width of the membrane material product (that is, the roll width), that is, the width between the fixing beams is the roll width ( For example, it could not be wider than about 3.5 m). On the other hand, according to the present invention, since the partial roof membrane material is used, the width between the fixing beams can be made wider than the roll width, and as a result, the width between the fixing beams can be freely designed.

The top view which looked at the whole opening-and-closing type roof from above. The top view which looked at the membrane roof in the extended state from the upper part. The perspective view which looked at the membrane roof unit of the extended state substantially in the opening-and-closing axis direction. The side view which looked at the roof membrane material of the folded state in the opening/closing axis direction. (A) is a plan view showing the partial roof membrane material in a stretched state, and (b) is a side view of the folded partial roof membrane material as seen in the opening/closing axis direction. The top view which shows the roof membrane material of the membrane roof unit in the extended state. (A) is a model diagram showing the roof membrane material of the folded membrane roof unit, and (b) is a model diagram showing the roof membrane material of the stretched membrane roof unit. (A) is a side view and a sectional view showing a state in which a conventional membrane material is folded, and (b) is a side view and a sectional view showing a state in which the membrane roof unit of the present invention is folded. FIG. 7A is a partial side view showing the entire upper end portion before stretching, and FIG. 6B is a partial side view showing the entire upper end portion after stretching. (A) is a plan view showing a warp thread TL and a weft thread TS that form a film material, and (b) is a partial cross-sectional view showing the warp thread TL and a weft thread TS that form a film material. (A) is a plan view showing the arrangement of a conventional membrane material, and (b) is a plan view showing a roof membrane material with the warp direction being the opening/closing axis direction.

An example of an embodiment of the membrane roof unit and the membrane roof structure of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

1. Opening/Closing Mechanism FIG. 1 is a plan view of the entire opening/closing roof seen from above. In this figure, the membrane roof 100 is moving in the direction of the arrow (downward in the figure), that is, from the open state (the state where the roof is open) to the closed state (the state where the roof is closed). It shows the stage in the middle of. A traveling rail such as a wire is laid in the opening/closing axis direction in the opening/closing axis direction, and the membrane roof 100 arranged on the traveling rail is pulled by a driving mechanism such as a winch to move the membrane roof 100. The part can be open or closed. In this figure, the structure in which the membrane roof 100 expands and contracts from one end (upper side in the figure) is shown, but the structure is not limited to this, and two sets of film roofs 100 expand and contract from both ends (from the top and bottom in the figure). (A so-called double-sided structure) can also be used. Further, here, for convenience, the “opening and closing axis direction”, which is the direction in which the membrane roof 100 expands and contracts (the direction in which it opens and closes), is represented by the X axis, and the “opening and closing axis orthogonal direction” orthogonal to the opening and closing axis direction is represented by the Y axis. ..

2. Membrane Roof FIG. 2 is a plan view of the stretched membrane roof 100 as seen from above. As shown in this figure, the membrane roof 100 is formed by connecting a plurality (10 in the figure) of membrane roof units 200 in the opening/closing axis direction (X axis direction). The membrane roof unit 200 is composed of two fixing beams 210 arranged at the ends in the opening/closing axis direction and a roof membrane material 220 provided between them, and more specifically, the ends of the roof membrane material 220 in the opening/closing axis direction. The membrane roof unit 200 is formed by fixing the respective portions to the fixing beams 210.

Membrane roof 100 is formed of a plurality of membrane roof units 200, that is, membrane roof 100 is provided with a plurality of fixing beams 210 as shown in FIG. Of the fixing beams 210 (hereinafter, referred to as “end fixing beams 211”) arranged at both ends in the opening/closing axis direction (X axis direction), one (upper end in the drawing) is fixed at the end of the opening. A pulling wire or the like of the drive mechanism is fixed to the other (lower end in the figure). Therefore, it is preferable that the end fixing beam 211 has a truss shape formed by assembling shaped steel so as to secure a considerable rigidity. On the other hand, the fixing beams 210 other than the end fixing beams 211 (hereinafter, referred to as “intermediate fixing beams 211”) only need to fix the roof membrane material 220, such as channel steel or chevron steel (relatively to the end portions). It can be formed of a member having a lower rigidity (than the fixing beam 211).

In FIG. 2, one intermediate fixing beam 211 fixes two adjacent roof membrane materials 220 (upper and lower in the figure). In this way, one intermediate fixing beam 211 may be configured to connect the membrane roof units 200 by using the intermediate fixing beams 211 of the adjacent membrane roof units 200, so to speak, or two membrane roof units 200 may be connected to each other. An intermediate fixing beam 211 may be provided and adjacent intermediate fixing beams 211 may be connected to each other.

3. Membrane Roof Unit FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the membrane roof unit 200 in a stretched state as viewed in the opening/closing axis direction (X axis direction). When the openable roof as a whole has an arch shape in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis (Y-axis direction), the membrane roof unit 200 also has an arch shape in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, as shown in FIG. Specifically, when the fixing beam 210 and the roof membrane material 220 are viewed in a cross section in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, the central portion is lifted upward rather than the both ends, that is, it is a so-called convex arc shape (arch shape). Become.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the roof membrane material 220 in a folded state as seen in the opening/closing axis direction (X axis direction). As shown in this figure, the roof membrane material 220 is composed of a plurality of (five in the figure) partial roof membrane materials 230. Specifically, the plurality of partial roof membrane materials 230 are in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis (Y-axis direction). The roof membrane material 220 is formed by connecting the partial roof membrane materials 230 adjacent to each other. For connecting the partial roof membrane materials 230, various conventionally used techniques such as suturing and welding can be adopted.

(Partial roof membrane material)
5: is a figure which shows the partial roof membrane material 230, (a) is a top view which shows the expanded state, (b) is a side view which looked at the folded state in the opening-closing axis direction (X-axis direction). is there. As shown in FIG. 5A, the partial roof membrane material 230 has a shape in which the width is wider toward both ends in the opening/closing axis direction and the width is narrowest in the central portion. In addition, here, both end portions (upper and lower line segments in the figure) of the partial roof membrane material 230 in the opening/closing axis direction are “upper end portions 231” and a central portion (line segment in the figure) in the opening/closing axis direction is “middle”. The bent portion 232" and both end portions (left and right line segments in the drawing) in the direction orthogonal to the opening/closing axis (Y-axis direction) are referred to as "left and right end portions 233". Further, in order to distinguish the two upper end portions 231, one (upper side in the drawing) is a “first end portion 231a” and the other (lower side in the drawing) is a “second end portion 231b” and two left and right end portions 233. In order to distinguish between the two, one side (left side in the figure) will be referred to as "left end 233a" and the other side (right side in the figure) will be referred to as "right end 233b".

As described above, the partial roof membrane material 230 has a shape in which the width is wider toward both ends in the opening/closing axis direction and narrowest in the central portion, that is, the size (length) of the middle bent portion 232 is smaller (shorter than that of the upper end portion 231). ). Then, as shown in FIG. 5B, the partial roof membrane material 230 can be folded at the middle folding portion 232, and in this state, the two upper end portions 231 (the first end portion 231a and the second end portion 231b) overlap each other. ..

(Whole roof membrane material)
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the roof membrane material 220 in the expanded state. As described above, when a plurality of partial roof membrane materials 230 are connected in the direction orthogonal to the opening/closing axis (Y-axis direction), a series of roof membrane materials 220 is formed as shown in this figure. The roof membrane material 220 has an “overall upper end portion 221” in which the upper end portions 231 of the partial roof membrane materials 230 are continuous at both ends in the opening/closing axis direction (X axis direction), and the partial roof membrane material 230 is located at the center in the opening/closing axis direction. A "whole middle bent portion 222" in which the middle bent portions 232 are continuous is formed. Also here, in order to distinguish between the two overall upper end portions 221, one (upper side in the figure) is called the "total first end portion 221a" and the other (lower side in the figure) is called the "total second end portion 221b". And

As shown in FIG. 6, among the partial roof membrane materials 230 constituting the roof membrane material 220, the partial roof membrane material 230 arranged at the end portion in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis (Y-axis direction) is different from the other partial roof membrane materials. Like the material 230, it may have a linear shape, or the left and right end portions 233 (only outside) may have an arc shape (arch shape). Specifically, the left end portion 233a of the partial roof membrane material 230 arranged at the left end and the right end portion 233b of the partial roof membrane material 230 arranged at the right end are each formed into an arch shape as shown in FIG. is there. Since the lateral end (in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis) of the roof membrane material 220 is not fixed to the fixing beam 210, wrinkles are likely to be concentrated at the time of expansion or folding, but by forming a curved shape in this way. The inventors have found that wrinkles are less likely to occur during stretching and folding.

By the way, when the partial roof membrane material 230 is viewed as a single body and has a planar shape as shown in FIG. 5A, it is assumed that the partial roof membrane materials 230 in a stretched state are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis (Y axis direction). However, a gap (broken line in FIG. 6) is formed between the adjacent partial roof membrane materials 230, specifically between the left end 233a on one side and the right end 233b on the other side, and it becomes difficult to connect them. .. However, if the membrane roof unit 200 has an arch shape in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, it is rather easy to connect the partial roof membrane materials 230 shown in FIG. 5A. The partial roof membrane material 230 having a shape as shown in FIG. 5A is arranged in a folded state in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis (that is, the shape of the membrane roof unit 200) has an arch shape (direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis). At this time, as can be seen from FIG. 4, no gap is formed between the adjacent partial roof membrane materials 230. That is, if the folded partial roof membrane materials 230 are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis and then connected, they can be easily connected.

In addition to the shape shown in FIG. 5A, the partial roof membrane material 230 has, for example, an upper end portion 231 and a middle bent portion 232 of the partial roof membrane material 230 each having an arched shape, and the completed roof membrane material 220 has the shape shown in FIG. And the shape as shown in FIG. 4, the middle bent portion 232 has a shorter radius (larger curvature) than the upper end portion 231, that is, the size (length) of the middle bent portion 232 is smaller (shorter) than the upper end portion 231. You can also do it. In this case, the membrane roof unit 200 has a relatively clean arch shape with continuous curves. On the other hand, the roof membrane material 220 in which the upper and lower linear roof membrane materials 230 are connected as shown in FIG. 5A is strictly a polygon, but can be said to be a substantially arch shape as a whole. In any case, in the present invention, since the partial roof membrane materials 230 are cut and produced in consideration of the shape (dimensions) in the folded state, the partial roof membrane materials 230 are easily connected, and the roof membrane material 220 Even if the sheet is folded, the roof membrane material 220 naturally does not have wrinkles.

(Introduction of tension during extension)
FIG. 7 is a model diagram showing that the dimension (length) of the entire middle folded portion 222 of the roof membrane material 220 changes between the expanded state and the folded state, and (a) shows the roof membrane in the folded state. The material 220 is shown, (b) has shown the roof membrane material 220 in the expanded state. 7(a) and 7(b), the upper part shows a perspective view generally viewed in the opening/closing axis direction (X-axis direction), and the lower part shows a side view model view in the opening/closing axis direction.

Looking at the side model view (lower view) of FIG. 7A, the entire upper end portion 221 and the entire center folding portion 222 of the roof membrane material 220 have an arc shape (arch shape) centered on the same point, That is, they are concentric arcs. Therefore, in the folded state, the radius of the whole middle bent portion 222 is smaller than that of the whole upper end portion 221 (that is, the curvature is larger), and the size (length) of the whole middle folded portion 222 is smaller than that of the whole upper end portion 221 (shorter). ).

On the other hand, when the side model view (lower view) of FIG. 7B is viewed, the entire upper end portion 221 and the entire middle bent portion 222 of the roof membrane material 220 are substantially coincident with each other. As a result of the roof membrane material 220 being expanded, the entire middle bent portion 222, which has been located below, is lifted to the position of the entire upper end portion 221, so that the radius of the entire middle bent portion 222 is increased. 221, which is substantially equal to 221 and is the result of stretching until the size (length) of the entire middle bent portion 222 becomes approximately the same as the entire upper end portion 221. Then, the entire middle bent portion 222 is stretched, so that tension in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis (Y-axis direction) is introduced into the roof membrane material 220.

When the distance between the two fixing beams 210 for fixing the roof membrane material 220 is widened and the roof membrane material 220 is expanded in the opening/closing axis direction (X axis direction), naturally the tension in the opening/closing axis direction is introduced into the roof membrane material 220. It Further, the entire middle bent portion 222 is stretched in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis (Y-axis direction), so that tension is also introduced in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis. That is, according to the present invention, the opening/closing axis direction and the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis are applied to the roof membrane material 220 only by increasing the distance between the two fixing beams 210 constituting the membrane roof unit 200 (that is, the membrane roof unit 200 is extended). It is possible to generate tension in two directions.

(Introduction of tension when folding)
Up to this point, the introduction of tension during spreading has been described. Here, introduction of tension during folding will be described. FIG. 8 is a model diagram for explaining the tension at the time of folding, (a) is a side view and a sectional view showing a state in which a conventional membrane material Fm is folded, and (b) is a membrane roof unit of the present invention. FIG. 20 is a side view and a cross-sectional view showing a state in which 200 is folded. As shown in the cross-sectional view (right view) of FIG. 8A, the conventional film material Fm is fixed to the support material Br without any particular force being applied thereto, so that it naturally hangs down in a folded state. No force other than the weight of the film material Fm is applied. In such a state, if a load is applied by a strong wind or rain or snow accumulates, the film material Fm may be damaged or buckled.

Therefore, the inventors of the present application have been conceived to introduce tension into the roof membrane material 220 even when folded in order to prevent damage due to strong wind, rain, or the like. Then, by introducing a tension (hereinafter referred to as “upper tension”) in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis (hereinafter referred to as “upper tension”) near the entire upper end portion 221, the tension is introduced to the roof membrane material 220 even when folded. I found it. Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given with reference to FIG.

When the entire first end portion 221a is stretched and fixed to the fixing beam 210, and similarly the entire second end portion 221b is stretched and fixed to the fixing beam 210, upper tension is introduced near the entire upper end portion 221. It At this time, as can be seen from the side view (left view) and the cross-sectional view (right view) of FIG. 8B, the entire middle bent portion 222 has an arch shape with the central portion as the apex, and is lifted upward as a whole. ing. Compared with the conventional film material Fm shape shown by the broken line, it can be more clearly understood that the entire middle bent portion 222 is raised. In this way, as a result of the upper tension being introduced near the entire upper end portion 221, and the overall middle bent portion 222 rising in an arch shape, tension in the direction substantially perpendicular to the opening/closing axis is introduced to the entire roof membrane material 220. .. When tension is applied to the roof membrane material 220 during folding, the roof membrane material 220 is not deformed easily even when subjected to an external force such as strong wind during folding, and damage and buckling can be suppressed, which is extremely preferable. Further, as described above, the conventional openable membrane roof had a problem that tension could not be introduced in the opening/closing axis direction and the direction orthogonal to the opening/closing axis in the middle of opening/closing, but the upper tension of the present invention was introduced. According to the roof membrane material 220, tension can be introduced in the opening/closing axis direction and the direction orthogonal to the opening/closing axis even during opening/closing, so that the roof membrane material 220 can maintain a stable state even during opening/closing. The opening and closing work can be performed even under relatively severe conditions (for example, a state other than strong wind).

In order to introduce the upper tension near the whole upper end portion 221, that is, to fix the whole first end portion 221a and the whole second end portion 221b to the fixing beam 210 in a stretched state, for example, the method shown in FIG. Can be adopted. FIG. 9A is a partial side view showing the entire upper end portion 221 before being stretched, and FIG. 9B is a partial side view showing the entire upper end portion 221 after being stretched. The "insertion hole" shown in this figure is a small hole through which a bolt is inserted. Therefore, in this case, the fixing beam 210 and the entire upper end portion 221 are sewn and fixed with a bolt.

As shown in FIG. 9A, before the entire upper end portion 221 is stretched, the interval between the bolt insertion holes of the entire first end portion 221a (the overall second end portion 221b) is smaller than the interval of the insertion holes of the fixing beam 210. It's getting shorter. In order to align the positions of the insertion holes of the fixing beam 210 and the insertion holes of the entire first end portion 221a (total second end portion 221b), as shown in FIG. 9(b), the entire first end portion 221a (total It is necessary to extend the second end portion 221b) in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis (Y-axis direction). In this state, if the fixing beam 210 and the entire upper end portion 221 are sewn and fixed with bolts, the state in which the upper tension is introduced near the entire upper end portion 221 is maintained.

(Rolling membrane material placement direction)
Generally, a film material is generally made by weaving warp threads and weft threads. 10A and 10B are diagrams showing a warp yarn TL and a weft yarn TS that form a film material, FIG. 10A is a plan view, and FIG. 10B is a partial cross-sectional view. As shown in this figure, the warp thread TL and the weft thread TS are orthogonal to each other, and the weft thread TS is sewn while intersecting the warp thread TL vertically. Since the film material has such a structure, it has a characteristic of being weaker in the force in the weft TS direction than in the warp thread TL direction.

By the way, the film material is formed in a roll shape having the longitudinal direction in the warp yarn TL direction. Therefore, when forming the membrane roof, the warp threads TL were arranged so as to be in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis (Y-axis direction), which is the longitudinal direction of the membrane roof, because of good workability. However, a larger force acts on the opening/closing type membrane roof in the opening/closing axis direction (X axis direction) than in the opening/closing axis orthogonal direction (Y axis direction). That is, in the conventional open/close type membrane roof, the weft TS direction, which is structurally weak, is the opening/closing axis direction as shown in FIG.

As described above, the roof membrane material 220 of the present invention is formed by connecting the partial roof membrane materials 230 in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis. The partial roof membrane material 230 does not have a biased longitudinal direction, and therefore there is no great difference in workability regardless of whether the opening/closing axis direction or the opening/closing axis orthogonal direction is the warp thread TL direction. Therefore, in the roof membrane material 220 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 11B, the warp yarn TL direction is the opening/closing axis direction (X axis direction), and the weft yarn TS direction is the opening/closing axis orthogonal direction (Y axis direction). Even if the partial roof membrane material 230 is formed so as to be formed, the workability is not affected. By connecting the partial roof membrane materials 230 having the structurally strong warp yarn TL direction as the opening/closing axis direction, the roof membrane material 220 can resist a relatively large force in the opening/closing axis direction.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The membrane roof unit and the membrane roof structure of the present invention are used in various stadiums such as a baseball field, a soccer stadium, and an athletic stadium, entertainment facilities for performing various events such as concerts, and complex facilities for sports and concerts. Alternatively, it can be used in large-scale factories, commercial facilities with arcades, etc.

100 Membrane Roof 200 Membrane Roof Unit 210 Fixing Beam 211 End Fixing Beam 212 Intermediate Fixing Beam 220 Roof Membrane Material 221 (Roof Membrane Material) Overall Top End 221a (Roofing Membrane) Overall First End 221b (Roof Membrane Material) Of the whole) Second end 222 (all of the roof membrane material) Whole middle bent portion 230 Partial roof membrane material 231 (Partial roof membrane material) Top end 231a (Partial roof membrane material) First end 231b (Partial roof membrane material) 2nd end 232 (of partial roof membrane material) Middle bent part 233 (of partial roof membrane material) Left and right ends 233a (of partial roof membrane material) Left end 233b (of partial roof membrane material) Br Conventional support material Fm Conventional technology membrane material TL Membrane material warp thread TS Membrane material weft thread

Claims (6)

In the membrane roof unit that constitutes the openable membrane roof structure,
A fixing beam arranged in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, and a roof membrane material composed of a plurality of partial roof membrane materials,
The partial roof membrane material has a first end portion at one end in the opening/closing axis direction, a second end portion at the other end in the opening/closing axis direction, and a middle bent portion at the central portion in the opening/closing axis direction, and the first end portion and A length of the second end portion is formed to be longer than a length of the middle bent portion,
The roof membrane material is formed by arranging the plurality of partial roof membrane materials in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, and connecting the adjacent partial roof membrane materials with each other,
In the roof membrane material in which a plurality of the partial roof membrane materials are connected, the entire first end portion where the first end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous, and the second end portion of the partial roof membrane material Is formed, and a whole middle bent portion in which the middle bent portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous is formed,
The entire first end portion and the entire second end portion of the roof membrane material are fixed to the fixing beam in a state in which tension in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis is introduced ,
When the space between the two fixing beams for fixing the roof membrane material is contracted, the roof membrane material is folded at the central folding portion,
When the space between the two fixing beams for fixing the roof membrane material is widened, the roof membrane material is stretched to generate tension in the opening/closing axis direction, and tension in the direction orthogonal to the opening/closing axis is generated by stretching the entire folded portion. ,
Membrane roof unit characterized. When the roof membrane material is folded at the whole middle folding portion, the whole first end portion and the whole second end portion and the whole middle folding portion are arcs or substantially with the same or substantially the same point as the center. It becomes the shape of an arc,
The membrane roof unit according to claim 1, wherein: Of the plurality of partial roof membrane materials forming the roof membrane material, the partial roof membrane material arranged at both ends in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis has a shape in which the outer end in the direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis has an arc or a substantially arc shape. Is
The membrane roof unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that. The roof membrane material is formed by connecting a plurality of the partial roof membrane materials arranged such that the warp yarn direction is the opening/closing axis direction and the weft yarn direction is the opening/closing axis orthogonal direction in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis. ,
The membrane roof unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , which is characterized by the above. In the openable membrane roof structure,
A plurality of fixing beams arranged in a direction orthogonal to the opening/closing axis, a roof membrane material installed between two fixing beams facing each other in the opening/closing axis direction, and a drive mechanism for moving the fixing beams in the opening/closing axis direction. ,
The roof membrane material is composed of a plurality of partial roof membrane material,
The partial roof membrane material has a first end portion at one end in the opening/closing axis direction, a second end portion at the other end in the opening/closing axis direction, and a middle bent portion at the central portion in the opening/closing axis direction, and the first end portion and A length of the second end portion is formed to be longer than a length of the middle bent portion,
The roof membrane material is formed by arranging the plurality of partial roof membrane materials in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis, and connecting the adjacent partial roof membrane materials with each other,
In the roof membrane material in which a plurality of the partial roof membrane materials are connected, the entire first end portion where the first end portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous, and the second end portion of the partial roof membrane material Is formed, and a whole middle bent portion in which the middle bent portion of the partial roof membrane material is continuous is formed,
The entire first end portion and the entire second end portion of the roof membrane material are fixed to the fixing beam in a state in which tension in a direction perpendicular to the opening/closing axis is introduced ,
When the space between the two fixing beams facing each other in the opening/closing axis direction is contracted by being moved by the driving mechanism, the roof membrane material is folded at the entire middle folding portion,
When the space between the two fixing beams facing each other in the opening/closing axis direction is expanded by being moved by the driving mechanism, the roof membrane material is stretched to generate tension in the opening/closing axis direction, and the entire middle bent portion is stretched to open/close. Tension in the direction perpendicular to the axis is generated,
Membrane roof structure characterized by that. The rigidity of the end fixing beam arranged at the end in the opening/closing axis direction of the plurality of fixing beams is higher than the rigidity of the intermediate fixing beam excluding the end fixing beams of the plurality of fixing beams,
The membrane roof structure according to claim 5 , wherein the intermediate fixing beam fixes the entire first end portion or the entire second end portion of the two roof membrane materials that are adjacent to each other in the opening/closing axis direction.

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