JP2018114280A - ロボット外科用システムのための汎用器具ガイド、外科用器具システム、及びそれらの使用方法 - Google Patents
ロボット外科用システムのための汎用器具ガイド、外科用器具システム、及びそれらの使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】開示される技術は、正確な軌道を追従することを必要とする外科的処置を段階的に補助する。外科用器具ガイドは、ロボット外科用システムのロボットアームに直接的または間接的に取り付けるように設計された汎用外科用器具ガイドに取り付けられる。次いで、外科用器具を汎用外科用器具ガイドによって画定された軸に沿って正確に誘導することができる。個々の器具は、汎用外科用器具ガイドのチャネルから容易に挿入及び除去されるため、幅広い器具を処置の間ずっと使用することを可能にしつつ、外科軌道を維持する。
【選択図】図4A
Description
Claims (19)
- ロボット外科用システムを使用する方法であって、前記方法が、
ロボットアームを備えたロボット外科用システムを施術台の近くまで運搬する可動式カートを移動させるステップであって、
前記ロボットアームは、それに取り付けられた汎用外科用器具ガイドを備えるエンドエフェクタを有し、前記汎用外科用器具ガイドは、それを通じて外科用器具ガイドを確実に保持し、外科用器具の移動を制限するように配設され、前記汎用外科用器具ガイドは、
本体であって、
外科用器具ガイドの一部分を収容するように成形及びサイズ決定された内部表面を有する第1のチャネルを備え、
前記第1のチャネルは、第1の開口部を備え、前記第1の開口部に隣接する第2のチャネルの一部分は、前記外科用器具ガイドが前記第2のチャネルの中に挿入されるときに、前記第2のチャネルのねじ山付き部分のねじ山が前記外科用器具ガイド上のねじ山に係合して、前記外科用器具ガイドを確実に保持するようにねじ山が付けられており、
前記第2のチャネルの前記内部表面は、前記外科用器具ガイドが前記汎用外科用器具ガイドの中に挿入されるとき(例えば、前記第2のチャネルの前記ねじ山付き部分の前記ねじ山が前記外科用器具ガイド上の前記ねじに係合するとき)に、外科用器具の移動が、前記外科用器具ガイドが前記外科用器具ガイド内で移動されたときに軸に沿って拘束されるように前記軸を画定する、本体と、ならびに
前記外科用器具ガイドの位置を追跡するように、ナビゲーションカメラによって使用するために前記汎用外科用器具ガイドに取り付けられたナビゲーションマーカ(例えば、前記ナビゲーションマーカが、複数のナビゲーションマーカ要素を備え、前記複数のナビゲーションマーカ要素が、前記外科用器具ガイド(例えば、及び/または前記汎用外科用器具ガイド)の前記位置を三角測量するために使用される)と、を備える、可動式カートを移動させるステップと、
前記可動式カートを安定化させるステップと、
前記外科用器具ガイドを前記汎用外科用器具ガイドの中に螺合させることによって前記外科用器具ガイドを挿入するステップであって、前記外科用器具ガイドは、
近位部分であって、
第1の外部表面であって、それを通じて前記外科用器具ガイドが収容されるときに前記第1のチャネルの前記内部表面と実質的に接触する、第1の外部表面と、
第2の外部表面であって、それを通じて前記外科用器具ガイドが収容されるときに前記第1のチャネルの前記ねじ山付き部分の前記ねじ山に係合して、前記外科用器具ガイドを確実に保持するねじ山を備える、第2の外部表面と、及び
前記第1の外部表面に隣接するカラー部であって、前記外科用器具ガイドが前記第1のチャネルを通して螺合され得る距離が前記カラー部によって限定されるように、前記カラー部の直径が前記第1の外部表面の直径よりも大きい、カラー部と、を備える、近位部分と、
前記近位部分に取り付けられたガイドシャフトであって、それを通じて前記外科用器具が手術部位に対して前記第1のチャネルの前記内部表面によって画定された軸に沿って収容され得るような寸法を有する内部表面を有する、ガイドシャフトと、を備える、挿入するステップと、
前記手術部位に対して所望の軌道で、前記汎用外科用器具ガイドの前記第1のチャネルの前記内部表面によって画定された前記軸(例えば、前記外科用器具ガイドの前記ガイドシャフトによって画定された軸)に整合するように、前記ロボットアームを所望の位置まで操縦するステップと、
前記ロボットアームの移動を、前記第1のチャネルの前記内部表面によって画定された前記軸に沿ってのみに限定するステップと、
前記ロボットアームの前記位置(ならびに、したがって、前記汎用外科用器具ガイド及び前記外科用器具ガイドの前記位置)を一時的に固定するステップと、を含む、方法。 - 前記外科用器具を、前記外科用器具ガイドを通して挿入するステップと、
前記外科用器具を前記外科用器具ガイドによって拘束される様式で操縦するステップと、を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記ロボットアームが、アクティブであり、バックドライブ不可能である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記ロボット外科用システムが、ユーザに触覚フィードバックを提供することができる前記ロボットアームに取り付けられた力センサを備える、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ロボット外科用システムが、前記外科用器具ガイドが骨に接触したときに触覚フィードバックを提供する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記外科用器具ガイドが、穿孔ガイドである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 穿孔ビットを前記手術部位に方向付けるように、前記穿孔ビットを前記穿孔ガイドの前記ガイドシャフトを通して挿入するステップを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記穿孔ビットが、アンチスカイビング穿孔ビットである、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記穿孔ビットを前記穿孔ガイドの前記ガイドシャフトから除去するステップと、
K−ワイヤを前記穿孔ガイドの前記ガイドシャフトを通して挿入するステップと、を含む、請求項7または8に記載の方法。 - 前記穿孔ビットを前記穿孔ガイドの前記ガイドシャフトから除去するステップと、
前記穿孔ガイドを前記汎用外科用器具ガイドから除去するステップと、
マスタガイドを前記汎用外科用器具ガイドの前記第1のチャネルの中に挿入するステップと、
前記第1のチャネルの前記一部分の前記ねじ山が前記マスタガイドの外部表面上のねじ山と係合するように前記マスタガイドを螺合させることによって、前記マスタガイドを前記汎用外科用器具ガイドに解除可能に固設するステップと、を含む、請求項7または8に記載の方法。 - 前記マスタガイドが、
近位部分であって、
第1の外部表面であって、それを通じて前記マスタガイドが収容されるときに前記第2のチャネルの前記内部表面と実質的に接触する、第1の外部表面、
第2の外部表面であって、それを通じて前記マスタガイドが収容されるときに前記第2のチャネルの前記ねじ山付き部分の前記ねじ山に係合して、前記マスタガイドを確実に保持するねじ山を備える、第2の外部表面、
前記第1の外部表面に隣接するカラー部であって、前記マスタガイドが前記第2のチャネルを通して螺合され得る距離が前記カラー部によって限定されるように、前記カラー部の直径が前記第1の外部表面の直径よりも大きい、カラー部、
第1のチャネル、及び
第1の開口部であって、それを通じて第2の外科用器具が収容されるときに、前記マスタガイドの前記第1のチャネルの前記ねじ山付き部分のねじ山が、前記第2の外科用器具上のねじ山に係合して、前記第2の外科用器具を確実に保持するように、前記第1の開口部に隣接する前記マスタガイドの前記第1のチャネルの一部分は、ねじ山が付けられている、第1の開口部、を備える、近位部分と、
前記近位部分に取り付けられたガイドシャフト(例えば、円筒形シャフト)であって、それを通じて第1の外科用器具または第2の外科用器具ガイドが、手術部位に対して前記第2のチャネルの前記内部表面によって画定された軸に沿って収容され得るような寸法を有する内部表面を有する、ガイドシャフトと、を備える、請求項10に記載の方法。 - 管状拡張器を前記マスタガイドのガイドシャフトの中に挿入するステップと、
ロッド拡張器を前記管状拡張器のガイドシャフトの中に挿入するステップと、を含む、請求項10または11に記載の方法。 - 前記管状拡張器が、
本体(例えば、円筒形本体)であって、前記管状拡張器が前記マスタガイドの前記ガイドシャフトによって画定された軸に沿ってのみ移動するように拘束されるように、前記本体が前記マスタガイドの前記ガイドシャフト内に収容され、前記ガイドシャフトを通して収容され得るような断面を有する、本体を備え、前記本体が、
ガイドシャフトであって、それを通じて第3の外科用器具が、手術部位に対して前記第2のチャネルの内部表面によって画定された軸に沿って収容され得るような寸法を有する前記内部表面を有する、ガイドシャフトを備える、請求項12に記載の方法。 - 前記ロッド拡張器を前記管状拡張器の前記ガイドシャフトから除去するステップと、
前記管状拡張器を前記マスタガイドの前記ガイドシャフトから除去するステップと、
外科用タップガイドを前記マスタガイドの前記ガイドシャフトの中に挿入するステップと、
前記マスタガイドの内部表面上のねじ山が前記外科用タップガイドの外部表面上のねじ山と係合するように前記外科用タップガイドを螺合させることによって、前記外科用タップガイドを前記マスタガイドに解除可能に固設するステップと、を含む、請求項12または13に記載の方法。 - 前記外科用タップガイドが、
近位部分であって、
外部表面であって、それを通じて前記外科用タップガイドが収容されるときに、前記マスタガイドの前記第1のチャネルの前記ねじ山付き部分の前記ねじ山に係合して、前記外科用タップガイドを確実に保持するねじ山を備える、外部表面、及び
前記第1の外部表面に隣接するカラー部であって、前記外科用タップガイドが前記マスタガイドを通して螺合され得る距離が前記カラー部によって限定されるように、前記カラー部の直径が前記外科用タップガイドの前記外部表面の直径よりも大きい、カラー部、を備える、近位部分と、
1つ以上の安定化端部であって、前記1つ以上の安定化端部の各々が、
外部表面であって、それを通じて前記タップガイドが収容されるときに前記マスタガイドの前記第1のチャネルと実質的に接触する、外部表面、ならびに
手術部位に対して前記第2のチャネルの前記内部表面によって画定された軸に沿って外科用タップを誘導するようにサイズ決定及び成形された、内部表面、を備える、1つ以上の安定化端部と、を備える、請求項14に記載の方法。 - 外科用タップを前記外科用タップガイドの中に挿入するステップを含む、請求項14または15に記載の方法。
- 前記外科用タップを前記外科用タップガイドから除去するステップと、
前記外科用タップガイドを除去するステップと、
ねじ拡張部及びねじを前記マスタガイドの前記ガイドシャフトの中に挿入するステップと、を含み、前記ねじが前記ねじ拡張部によって解除可能に保持される、請求項16に記載の方法。 - ねじ回しが前記ねじのヘッド部と接触するように、前記ねじ回しを前記ねじ拡張部の中に挿入するステップと、
前記ねじ回しを除去するステップと、を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。 - 前記ねじ拡張部のどの部分も前記マスタガイドの前記ガイドシャフト内に存在しないように、前記第1のチャネルの前記内部表面によって画定された軸に沿って前記ロボットアームを移動させるステップを含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
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US10806471B2 (en) | 2020-10-20 |
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