JP2018094542A - Dry specific gravity difference selector - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a selector using a solid-gas fluid bed to exhibit the function of a punching metal sufficiently so that a selecting performance can be improved to perform an excellent selection and an automatic suction of a desired selection residue.SOLUTION: A dry specific gravity difference selector using a solid-gas fluid bed is equipped on the lower side of a punching metal with a canvas and on the further lower side of said canvas with a supporting wire net, and defines a chamber room so that it can adjust the air volume individually for each compartment.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an invention for automatically removing a sorting residue of a solid-gas fluidized bed used in a dry sorting apparatus for sorting industrial waste materials and the like.

Industrial waste, for example, construction mixed waste is mainly mixed with earth and sand and combustible materials, and usually sorted by a sorting method using vibration and wind power, heavy materials, combustible materials, earth and sand Sorted into residues. In addition, there is a wet specific gravity difference sorting device, but the equipment is large and water or liquid is used as a medium, so a dryer is required, and it is necessary to treat contaminated water or liquid, which is costly. There are problems such as this.
In any apparatus, the separated product is sent to a secondary treatment corresponding to each purpose, but the problem is particularly the residue, and a fine residue, for example, 5 mm. In the following, 4 mm or less, combustibles are contained in earth and sand by several percent to 20 several percent.

Residues containing such combustibles (reduced heat loss) cannot be used as “backfill material”, and the only landfill disposal is the “managed landfill”.
Under the current law, if the amount of heat loss is 5% or less, it can be disposed of at a “stable landfill site” and can also be reused as “backfill material”.
And, compared to “managed landfill disposal”, “stable landfill disposal” has a great advantage that its cost is reduced to about 1/7.

Therefore, it has been required to more strictly sort the above-mentioned residues. As a ring of such technology, unlike the above-described sorting method using vibration and wind, a method using wind (pressurized air) is used to form a solid-gas fluidized bed using the difference in specific gravity of the residue, A technique for separating earth and sand has been proposed.
The following techniques are known for such conventional techniques.

JP2003-300020 JP2007-185621

With the advent of the above-mentioned conventional technology, it has become possible to make it more accurate by downsizing and small energy selection than the conventional technology using vibration and wind power. There was a problem.
One is that the punching metal provided in the air chamber that generates the fluidized bed has a large number of small holes drilled in the flat plate and flows pressurized air from below to flow the residue thrown upward. However, even though the flat plate is perforated uniformly, the upward blow-off is not uniform, and it is difficult to form a smooth flow state over the entire area, so that sorting unevenness occurs and efficiency is improved. It ’s not good.
Secondly, there is a situation in which the upper residue from the perforation leaks downward, and therefore, the smooth flow of pressure air passing through the punching metal is obstructed, resulting in a decrease in sorting performance. That is the point.

In order to solve the above problem, the present inventors have proposed a solution means in which a canvas is provided below the punching metal and a support wire mesh is provided further below the canvas. As a result, the above problems have been solved, but the following problems remain.
That is, the residue is made to flow by blowing pressurized air into the air chamber chamber, but the residue immediately after being charged is in a lump state and must be sufficiently stirred by inflow of strong air. If the same air is supplied to the residue in the middle of the transfer where stirring is in progress, a large stirring action will occur again while the light weight fractionation is in progress, the stirring state will continue, and the light weight fractionation will continue. As a whole, the sorting efficiency is reduced.

In addition, even if the residue can be well sorted so far, there is a proposal of a technology that automatically performs this for separating and taking out the sorted residue (“stable landfillable”). It didn't exist yet.
In other words, by selecting the vibration, a light residue floats on the upper layer of the residue, and if the upper layer is removed, the residue that can be "stable landfill disposal" can be taken out. It is not easy to determine how the separation is proceeding, and if it is artificial, it is possible to visually remove light residues (usually combustibles), but there was no means to do this automatically. .
In addition, if it is sorting by the batch method of fixed quantity, it is only necessary to finish the vibration sorting once and pay careful attention to the layer boundary and perform the removal work (appropriate means). If a light-weight residue is to be removed, the layer boundary cannot be easily identified, and it is not easy to remove the light-weight residue in continuous operation.

  In view of the present situation, the present invention improves the efficiency of light weight sorting of residues in a sorting device using a solid-gas fluidized bed, and can automatically remove only light weight residues from the sorted light weight residues. For the purpose.

The dry specific gravity difference sorting apparatus according to the present invention is a dry specific gravity difference sorting apparatus using a solid-gas fluidized bed for performing post-treatment of residues sorted by a vibration sieve device in order to achieve the above-mentioned object. The compressed air is supplied from the air chamber chamber (1) placed below the hopper (5), and a vibration motor (8) is laid in the air chamber chamber (1) to form the residue. The punching metal (2) is provided inside the air chamber chamber (1), the canvas (3) is provided below the punching metal (2), and the canvas (3) Further, a support wire mesh (4) is provided on the lower side, and the residue is made to flow by pressurized air that has passed through the punching metal (2), and layers are formed up and down using the specific gravity difference. Sort and separate In dry specific gravity difference sorting apparatus,
The air chamber chamber (1) is divided into at least two sections (1A, 1B) in a direction perpendicular to the transfer direction of the residue,
Branch air supply ducts (18A, 18B) corresponding to the compartments (1A, 1B) are connected respectively.
Connecting the branch air supply duct (18A, 18B) to the main duct (18);
It is configured to supply a larger air volume to the upper compartment (1A) in the residue transfer direction of the compartment (1A, 1B) than the lower compartment (1B), so that the upper side In this compartment (1A), the residue was greatly stirred and fluidized, and the lower compartment (1B) was gently agitated and fluidized to improve the sorting performance. Is.

According to the present invention, by providing the canvas, the flow of pressurized air that passes through the small hole of the punching metal is stopped once at the bottom of the canvas, so that the peripheral internal pressure becomes equal, and the blowing pressure from the small hole becomes equal. As a result, the spraying pressure on the upper residue is uniform over the entire region, and the stirring flow can be smoothly performed by uniformly colliding with the residue. As a result, the loss of ignition of the separated lower layer residue can be suppressed to 5% or less, and at least the lower layer residue layer can be disposed of in a stable landfill site.
Also, since the canvas is simultaneously positioned below the small hole, it is possible to prevent the residue from dropping from the small hole before the pressurized air is injected or even during operation. It can be prevented. At this time, even if the residue that is about to fall from the small hole enters the small hole, the canvas is sufficiently supported by the metal mesh provided on the lower side of the canvas, and the canvas may be bent. There is no. As a result, the pressurized air can be blown upward from the small holes of the punching metal uniformly and smoothly, the residue can be efficiently flowed, and the separation action by the formation of the fluidized bed can be accurately performed. Can do it.

In particular, in the present invention, by separating the air chamber chamber in the continuous sorting by residue transfer while being able to perform the excellent residue separation as described above, when the residue is charged, the residue is initially agglomerated. Supplies a large amount of pressurized air to the upper compartment to increase the agitation and flow of the residue to promote sorting, and when moved to the next compartment, reduce the amount of pressurized air, Since the flow selection state can be stabilized by performing gentle stirring and flow, the efficiency of the selection operation can be greatly improved. In other words, the agitation and flow were suppressed to calm the sorting state, and as a result, the sorting performance as a whole was greatly improved.
Other advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the following examples.

In implementing the present invention, it is preferable to take the following measures.
That is, it is preferable that the branch air supply ducts (18A, 18B) are provided with adjustment valves (19A, 19B) for adjusting the flow rate, respectively, so that the flow rate can be adjusted individually. .
Thereby, the flow rate of pressurized air to each compartment can be adjusted, and the amount of air according to the amount and quality of the input residue can be adjusted and supplied, which can contribute to the improvement of the sorting performance.

Further, the compartments are configured to be at least three compartments, and the air volume is adjusted so as to supply 40% to 60% of the total air volume to the compartment (1A) on the uppermost side in the residue transfer direction, It is preferable that the air volume is adjusted to supply 20% to 30% to the adjacent compartment (1B) and the temporary air volume is adjusted to be small.
It has been confirmed in experiments that such a configuration can improve the sorting performance and efficiency.

Moreover, it is preferable to add the following means.
That is, a power cylinder (9) is provided above the hopper (5) so as to be movable up and down,
The power cylinder (9) is provided with a retractable suction duct (10), the suction port (10A) at one end of the suction duct (10) is disposed downward, and the other end (10B) is an external suction blower (12). ) It is configured to be connected to a cyclone (11) with attachment and to separate and settle, and at least a part of the side surface of the hopper (5) is formed of a transparent material to form a monitoring window (13), and the monitoring window (13) The monitoring digital camera (14) is arranged so that the inside of the hopper (5) can be photographed, and the color of the residue that forms the layered layer selected from the photographing data of the surveillance camera (14) is arranged. An analysis unit (15) for discriminating the layer boundary based on the density and analyzing the boundary position of the density is provided. Based on the boundary position data of the density layer of the residue obtained by the analysis unit (15), the residue in the upper layer part Rank of layer The information is supplied to the control unit (16) of the power cylinder (9), and the power cylinder (9) is configured to move up and down by the thickness of the residue layer of the upper layer part, thereby the residue Only the residue in the upper layer portion is sucked and removed through the suction duct (10).
In this way, the layer boundary of the selected light weight residue by camera photography through the monitoring window is determined, and only the light weight residue (lighter color, that is, combustible / heated object) is operated by the power cylinder. There is a great advantage that the suction and removal can be performed automatically and accurately.
Of course, it can function effectively not only in the automatic removal processing of the sorting residue in the continuous processing but also in the batch processing (the method of quantitative sorting and recovery, not the continuous charging and discharging of the residue).

1 is an overall front view of a dry specific gravity difference sorting apparatus according to the present invention. The principal part perspective view of the chamber in the dry-type specific gravity difference sorting apparatus concerning this invention. The disassembled perspective view of the chamber in the dry-type specific gravity difference sorting apparatus concerning this invention. The top view of the structure which concerns on duct piping in the dry-type specific gravity difference sorting apparatus concerning this invention. The perspective view of the structure which concerns on the surveillance camera in the dry-type specific gravity difference sorting apparatus concerning this invention. The flowchart of the image processing system in the dry-type specific gravity difference sorting apparatus concerning this invention is shown. The front view which shows the principal part of the adjustment valve in the dry-type specific gravity difference selection apparatus concerning this invention. The side view which shows the principal part of the adjustment valve in the dry-type specific gravity difference sorting apparatus concerning this invention. Experimental data 1 relating to a regulating valve in the dry specific gravity difference sorting apparatus according to the present invention. The experimental data 2 which concerns on the adjustment valve in the dry-type specific gravity difference sorting apparatus concerning this invention.

A preferred embodiment of a dry specific gravity difference sorting apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, here, the residue to be selected is construction mixed waste. In other words, these wastes are congars as heavy objects, waste plastics as combustibles, paper scraps, wood scraps, earth and sand as reuse materials, and residues as earth and sand and fine plastics, It consists of wood scraps, paper scraps, gypsum board and so on.

  As shown in the drawing, the dry specific gravity difference sorting device using a solid-gas fluidized bed for post-processing the residue sorted by the vibration sieve device is basically composed of a hopper 5 for feeding the residue and its lower part. The compressed air is supplied from below the installed air chamber chamber 1, and a vibration motor 8 is laid in the air chamber chamber 1 to apply vibration to the residue. A punching metal 2 is provided inside the chamber chamber 1, and the residue is made to flow by the pressurized air that has passed through the punching metal 2 so as to form a layer up and down using the specific gravity difference. It is configured. The vibration motor 8 mainly generates vertical vibrations, but has a known configuration capable of generating horizontal and diagonal vibrations.

  In this embodiment, the air chamber 1 is divided into at least two compartments 1A and 1B in the direction orthogonal to the residue transfer direction. In this embodiment, the air chamber chamber 1 is composed of six compartments. Branch air supply ducts 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D, 18E, and 18F are connected to the chamber chambers 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F of the respective sections. See FIG.

  And the said hopper 5 is comprised by arbitrary magnitude | sizes. Here, for example, it is set as a rectangular parallelepiped etc. of width 1,200mm, length 3,000mm, height 2,110mm, and it is made of transparent resin. It is made of a cylindrical body or a steel plate. In the previous demonstration experiment, a cylindrical one having a diameter of 300 mm and a length of 1,000 mm was used. Therefore, the plane of the air chamber chamber 1 positioned below is configured to have the same size.

An air supply device 6 that supplies pressurized air to the chamber 1 is provided. In the case of the rectangular parallelepiped having a width of 1,200 mm, a length of 3,000 mm, and a height of 2,110 mm, the device 6 is supplied with pressurized air of a maximum of 10.0 kPa and a flow rate of 130 m ³ / min. It can be supplied with. Of course, the amount of pressurized air is appropriately adjusted according to the weight of the residue to be added.
A main duct 18 (one to two branches) is connected to the air supply device 6, and the branch air supply ducts 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D, 18E, and 18F are connected to the main duct. . In this embodiment, the branch main duct (18) has a two-branch duct diameter of 300 mm and is tapered in the flow direction, and the tip is 114.3 mm. , 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, etc., the branched air supply ducts 18A, etc. have been gradually reduced in diameter so that the upper flow (duct 18A) is 292 mm, then 216.3 mm, 165.2, etc. , Connected to the main duct 18 (one to two branches). Similarly, see FIG.

The branch air supply ducts 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D, 18E, and 18F are provided with an adjustment valve 19A (only one is shown for convenience) for adjusting the air flow rate. It is used. See FIG. 1, FIG. 7 and FIG.
The regulating valve 19A may be of a valve structure instead of a damper type.

  Experimental data using the regulating valve 19A is shown in FIGS. FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the degree of opening / closing of the damper and the wind speed / air volume, and FIG. 10 shows the air volume and the state of selection. In the figure, the A side means the right side surface of the six compartment chamber chambers 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F in plan view, and the B side means the opposite left side surface. The six compartment chambers are located on the back side of the blowing positions of 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, and 1F.

  A canvas 3 is provided in close contact with the lower side of the punching metal 2, and a support wire mesh 4 is provided in close contact with the lower side of the canvas 3. The punching metal 2 is made of a steel plate having a thickness of 1 to 2 mm. A plurality of small holes 7 having a hole diameter of 1 mm and a pitch between the holes of 2 to 3 mm are drilled therein. Therefore, the overall aperture ratio of the small holes 7 is about 10 to 23%. Here, the wire mesh 4 uses a metal wire knitted mesh.

The canvas 3 is made of a plain weave of about 1 mm thickness made of polypropylene (polyester), and has a basis weight of 180 to 240 g / m ^2. 1.0 to 15 cm ³ / cm ² / sec mesh.
The punching metal 2 and the canvas 3 are fixed by bolt connection so as to be sandwiched when the hopper 5 is connected to the lower chamber 1.
According to experiments, the apparatus having the above-described configuration has a residue fractionation processing capacity of 4 m ³ / H (4,000 kg / H as an apparent specific gravity of 1.0).

  In the experiment of the present invention, the presence of the canvas 3 does not immediately cause the pressurized air to escape from the small hole 7 at the location where the resistance is low below the punching metal 2 but is stopped by the canvas 3. 3, the pressure is uniformly maintained and then blown upward from the small hole 7, so that the blowing pressure and flow rate on the entire surface of the punching metal 2 are made uniform, and as a result, the flow to the residue It can be inferred that the action can be made uniform.

The experiment of the punching metal 2 was performed with the following specifications.
Plate thickness Hole diameter Pitch Aperture ratio (Ratio of hole area to plate area)
1.00mm 1.00mm 3.0mm 10.1%
1.00mm 1.00mm 2.0mm 22.7%
1.50mm 2.00mm 3.5mm 29.6%
2,000 mm 2.50 mm 5.0 mm 22.7%
However, the plate thickness of 1.00 mm, the hole diameter of 1.00 mm, and the pitch of 2.0 to 3.0 mm could form the best stirring airflow.

The experiment on the canvas 3 was performed with the following specifications.
Material Thickness Airflow (cm ³ / cm ² / sec)
Polyester 1.4mm 15
Polypropylene 1.8mm 15
Polyester 0.7mm 1.0-2.0
Polypropylene 1.1mm 1.0-2.0
Polypropylene 0.41mm 160
Polypropylene 0.64mm 210
However, when the aeration flow was 1.0 to 15 cm ³ / cm ² / sec, a good stirring air flow could be formed. When the air flow rate exceeded 20 cm ³ / cm ² / sec, the stirring air flow was disturbed and a uniform stirring air flow could not be formed.

  The loss of ignition in the lower layer of the residue separated by the experiment (the layer with high specific gravity) was 5.0% or less, which is a smaller value than the conventional residue of several to 20%. It means that the loss on ignition could be separated.

Next, a configuration related to the power cylinder 9 will be described with reference to FIG.
A power cylinder 9 is provided above the hopper 5 so as to be movable up and down. Here, a power cylinder (electric drive and screw shaft) is used as the power cylinder 9, but a fluid drive, for example, a hydraulic drive mechanism may be used instead.

  The power cylinder 9 is provided with a retractable suction duct 10, a suction port 10 </ b> A at one end of the suction duct 10 is disposed downward, and the other end is connected to an external cyclone 11 and from the cyclone 11. It is connected to the suction blower 12 via a dust collector (if necessary). The suction duct 10 has a bellows structure, but may be a hose having a margin for extension.

  In the configuration of the continuous processing system, the power cylinder 9 is arranged along a track 17 (rail) provided on the upper portion of the hopper 5 with an inlet 5A (shown on the left side) and an outlet 5B (shown on the left) of the hopper 5. (Right side position). The hopper 5 is covered with a hood, and an exhaust port 5C is formed in the upper portion thereof. A duct is connected to the hopper 5, connected to a dust collector (not shown), connected to an exhaust blower, and generated in the hopper 5. It is configured to suck dust.

Next, a configuration related to the monitoring camera 14 will be described with reference to FIG.
At least a part of the side surface of the hopper 5 is made of a transparent material (reinforced plastic) and is configured as a monitoring window 13. A monitoring digital camera 14 is arranged facing the monitoring window 13 and the hopper is disposed. 5 is configured to be able to photograph the inside. The monitoring digital camera 14 has a resolution of 2 million pixels here, but an appropriate one may be used as long as it can discriminate the boundary of the light and dark residue.

Next, the image processing system will be described.
From the data captured by the digital camera 14 for monitoring, the lighter weight of the upper layer of the residue forming the selected layer (mainly combustible and large in size) and the heavy weight of the lower layer (mainly formed of earth and sand) The layer boundaries (which are often small in size) are clearly different in color. The upper layer portion has a light color, and the lower layer portion has a dark color, and the analyzing unit 15 that discriminates the boundary lines having different colors by the discriminating unit 16 and automatically analyzes the color discrimination is provided. 15, based on the data on the color boundary position of the residue obtained by 15, the position information of the residue layer of the upper layer portion is supplied to the control unit 16 of the power cylinder 9, and the thickness of the residue layer of the upper layer portion is supplied to the power cylinder 9. It is configured to operate up and down by that amount, and therefore, only the residue in the upper layer portion of the residue is sucked and removed via the suction duct 10.
Since this series of functions seems to be easy to understand as a flow, FIG. 6 (control by the image processing system) has been presented and outlined.

Industrial application fields

  The present invention is a structural improvement that allows the function of punching metal to be fully exerted in the separation of residues using a solid-gas fluidized bed, effectively functions for various residues, and the automatic selection of residues. Since it can be removed, it is effective in separating and selecting residues generated from various industrial fields, and its application range is wide.

1: chamber 1A, 1B: compartment 2: punching metal 3: canvas 4: wire mesh 5: hopper 6: air supply device 7: small hole 8: vibration motor 15: analysis unit 16: control unit 17: track 18A, 18B : Branch air supply duct 19A, 19B: Regulating valve

Claims (4)

A dry specific gravity difference sorting device using a solid-gas fluidized bed for post-treatment of the residue sorted by the vibration sieve device, from the air chamber chamber (1) placed below the hopper (5) for feeding the residue. The compressed air is supplied, and a vibration motor (8) is laid in the air chamber chamber (1) to apply vibration to the residue, and the interior of the air chamber chamber (1) Is provided with a punching metal (2), a canvas (3) is provided below the punching metal (2), a support wire mesh (4) is provided further below the canvas (3), and the punching metal ( 2) In the dry specific gravity difference sorting apparatus in which the residue is made to flow by the pressurized air that has passed through 2 and the layers are formed using the specific gravity difference so as to form a layer vertically.
The air chamber chamber (1) is divided into at least two sections (1A, 1B) in a direction perpendicular to the transfer direction of the residue,
Branch air supply ducts (18A, 18B) corresponding to the compartments (1A, 1B) are connected respectively.
Connecting the branch air supply duct (18A, 18B) to the main duct (18);
It is configured to supply a larger air volume to the upper compartment (1A) in the residue transfer direction of the compartment (1A, 1B) than the lower compartment (1B), so that the upper side In the compartment (1A), the residue was greatly stirred and fluidized, and in the lower compartment (1B), gentle stirring and fluidization were performed to improve the sorting performance.
A dry specific gravity difference sorting device characterized by the above. The branch air supply ducts (18A, 18B) can be provided with adjusting valves (19A, 19B) for adjusting the flow rate, respectively, and the flow rate can be adjusted individually.
The dry specific gravity difference sorting apparatus according to claim 1. The compartment is composed of at least three compartments, and the air volume is adjusted so that 40% to 60% of the total air volume is supplied to the compartment (1A) on the uppermost side in the residue transfer direction, and adjacent to the compartment. In the compartment (1B), the air volume is adjusted to supply 20% to 30%, and the temporary air volume is adjusted to be reduced.
The dry specific gravity difference sorting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the above. A power cylinder (9) is provided above the hopper (5) so as to be movable up and down,
The power cylinder (9) is provided with a retractable suction duct (10), the suction port (10A) at one end of the suction duct (10) is disposed downward, and the other end (10B) is an external suction blower (12). ) It is configured to be connected to a cyclone (11) with attached and separated by settling,
Construct at least part of the side surface of the hopper (5) with a transparent material to form a monitoring window (13),
A monitoring digital camera (14) is arranged facing the monitoring window (13) so that the inside of the hopper (5) can be photographed.
An analysis unit (15) is provided that discriminates the layer boundary from the photographing data of the surveillance camera (14) by the shade of the color of the selected layered residue and analyzes the border position of the shade,
Based on the data on the boundary position of the residue density layer obtained by the analysis unit (15), the positional information of the residue layer of the upper layer is supplied to the control unit (16) of the power cylinder (9), and the power The cylinder (9) is configured to move up and down by the thickness of the upper layer residue layer,
Thus, only the residue in the upper layer part of the residue is removed by suction through the suction duct (10).

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