JP2018094509A - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vertical crusher capable of improving a recovery rate of a useful resource by performing moderate crushing, performing easily an adjustment work or a maintenance work, and reducing energy consumption at a crushing time.SOLUTION: A vertical crusher is provided with striking members 32, 33 for coarse crushing for performing coarse crushing of crushing objects, on a furthermore upper position than a striking member 31 of a striking rotor 3, and a disc-shaped member 34 for specifying a clearance between itself and the inner peripheral surface of a crushing casing 2 for regulating passage of the crushing objects.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a crusher for crushing general waste, industrial waste, etc., and in particular, OA equipment such as personal computers and servers, home appliances such as video decks, and other electrical and electronic equipment (hereinafter simply referred to as “electronic equipment”). Is referred to as “electrical and electronic equipment”), and relates to a crusher having a function of separating and taking out an electronic circuit board without crushing, and an operating method thereof.

  Conventionally, as a crusher for crushing waste to be crushed, such as general waste and industrial waste, a crushing casing having a collision blade member on the inner peripheral surface portion and a striking member on the outer peripheral side and crushing the crushing casing inside the crushing casing A striking rotor that is driven to rotate in the circumferential direction of the casing. The shredded object that has entered between the crushing casing and the striking rotor is struck with a striking member and crushed by colliding with a colliding blade member. There is one in which an object is discharged through a gap between the crushing casing and the striking rotor on the discharge port side of the crushing casing (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In this type of crusher, a particle size adjusting mechanism is arranged facing the gap between the crushing casing and the blow rotor on the discharge port side of the crushing casing, and by adjusting the opening degree of the gap by this particle size adjusting mechanism, There exists what adjusted the particle size of the to-be-crushed object (for example, refer patent document 2).

On the other hand, in recent years, useful resources such as rare metals contained in electronic circuit boards incorporated in discarded electrical and electronic devices have attracted attention. For this reason, discarded electrical and electronic devices are also called “urban mines”. There is a growing momentum to recycle and effectively use resources.
By the way, when the discarded electrical and electronic equipment is crushed using the conventional crusher, the electronic circuit board disassembled from the electrical and electronic equipment in the initial stage enters between the crushing casing and the striking rotor. With the cooperation of the striking member and the colliding blade member, the substrate and the mounting component are separated, and further, as the residence time between the striking member and the colliding blade member becomes longer, the crushing of the substrate and the mounting component proceeds, Both of them are finely crushed according to the opening degree of the gap between the crushing casing and the striking rotor by the particle size adjusting mechanism, and discharged together with other crushed materials.

  On the other hand, as a crusher specialized in crushing such electric and electronic equipment, the applicant of the present application can first crush the object to be crushed to a predetermined particle size or less, It is proposed that a part of the crushing casing is configured to be openable so that the electronic device can be disassembled and separated and taken out without crushing the electronic circuit board (see Patent Document 3).

JP 11-319623 A JP 2003-117414 A JP 2014-205123 A

The specific problems of the conventional crusher were as follows.
-The discharge gap of the crushed object is a peripheral slit, and it takes time to adjust the discharge gap (for example, it is necessary to lift the upper structure of about several tens of tons). In addition, this discharge structure tends to easily discharge long objects as they are.
-Since the crushed material is discharged in the direction of gravity, the discharge force is weak, and the crushed material tends to stay in the interior, resulting in excessive pulverization. In addition, when the residence time is long, particularly, iron contained in the material to be crushed is granulated, and other components are involved, thereby reducing the recovery rate of useful resources. In addition, the wear and damage of the apparatus become significant. For example, when the hammer is worn, the reversing work is required, but the reversing work takes time and the operating rate of the equipment is lowered.
・ The energy consumption during crushing is large, and the power consumption and power consumption of the motor are large.
・ Because emphasis was placed on the biting of the object to be crushed, metal blocks with a large crushing load also fall downward, so the crushing load increases.
・ If the crushing casing is partly opened, crushing may not be performed sufficiently.

  By eliminating the problems of the conventional crushers and performing appropriate crushing, the recovery rate of useful resources can be improved, and adjustment and maintenance work can be performed easily, reducing energy consumption during crushing. An object is to provide a vertical crusher that can be reduced.

  In order to achieve the above object, the vertical crusher of the present invention includes a crushing casing having a collision blade member on the inner peripheral surface portion and a striking member on the outer peripheral side, and a circumferential direction of the crushing casing inside the crushing casing. In the vertical crusher, which is provided with a striking rotor that is rotationally driven, and strikes the object to be crushed between the crushing casing and the striking rotor with the striking member and collides with the colliding blade member to crush. A disc shape that defines a gap between a rough crushing striking member that roughly crushes the object to be crushed and an inner peripheral surface of a crushing casing for restricting the passage of the crushing object at a position above the striking member of the striking rotor. A member is provided.

  In this case, a gate portion can be formed in the circumferential direction at a height where the striking member of the crushing casing is located, and a gate plate can be slidably provided in the gate portion in the vertical direction.

  The striking member may be a ring hammer, and the rough crushing striking member may be a blade member projecting upward from the eccentric location of the swing hammer and striking rotor.

  Further, the crushing can be performed even if the rotation direction of the striking rotor is set to either forward or reverse.

  According to the vertical crusher of the present invention, a crushing casing having a collision blade member on the inner peripheral surface portion and a striking member having an impacting member on the outer peripheral side and driven to rotate in the circumferential direction of the crushing casing inside the crushing casing. In the vertical crusher, which is provided with a rotor, hits the object to be crushed between the crushing casing and the striking rotor with the striking member and collides with the colliding blade member to crush it, from the striking member of the striking rotor A disk-shaped member that defines a clearance between the rough crushing striking member for roughly crushing the material to be crushed and the inner peripheral surface of the crushing casing for restricting the passage of the material to be crushed is provided at an upper position. Thus, while restricting the passage of the object to be crushed by the rough crushing striking member with the disc-shaped member, the disc-shaped member is sequentially fed between the crushing casing and the striking rotor, By hitting the crushed material with the striking member and crushing it by colliding with the collision blade member, by performing appropriate crushing, it is possible to improve the recovery rate of useful resources and reduce energy consumption during crushing. be able to.

  Further, by forming a gate portion in the circumferential direction at a height where the striking member of the crushing casing is located, and providing a gate plate in the gate portion so as to be slidable in the vertical direction, the material to be crushed is not excessively pulverized. By discharging after carrying out moderate crushing, it is possible to improve the recovery rate of useful resources and to easily adjust the size of the gate portion.

  Moreover, moderate crushing can be efficiently performed by configuring the striking member with a ring hammer and the striking member for rough crushing with a blade member protruding upward from the eccentric location of the swing hammer and the striking rotor.

  In addition, by enabling the crushing to be performed regardless of whether the rotation direction of the striking rotor is forward or reverse, the frequency of maintenance work can be reduced and the operating rate of equipment can be improved. .

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the vertical crusher which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is the same top view. It is the same right view. It is AA sectional drawing of FIG. The gate part is shown, (a) is a plan view, (b) is a front view (cross-sectional view along BB in FIG. 1), (c) is a cross-sectional view with the gate plate in the lower end position, and (d) is a gate. It is sectional drawing in the state which has a board in an upper end position. It is a comparison graph of the load power of the vertical crusher of one Example of this invention, and a comparative example.

  Next, an embodiment of the vertical crusher of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the vertical crusher 1 of the present embodiment crushes objects to be crushed such as general waste and industrial waste, and is particularly suitable for crushing electric and electronic equipment. It can be used for.

  The vertical crusher 1 includes a crushing casing 2 having a collision blade member 21 on an inner peripheral surface portion and a striking member 31 on an outer peripheral side, and an electric motor 4 in a circumferential direction of the crushing casing 2 inside the crushing casing 2. And a striking rotor 3 that is rotationally driven via an arbitrary transmission mechanism. The striking object that has entered between the crushing casing 2 and the striking rotor 3 is struck by the striking member 31 and is collided with the colliding blade member 21. To break up.

In the vertical crusher 1, the rough crushing striking members 32 and 33 for roughly crushing the material to be crushed and the passage of the material to be crushed are positioned above the striking member 31 of the striking rotor 3. A disc-like member 34 that defines a gap between the inner peripheral surface of the crushing casing 2 is provided.
Accordingly, while the passage of the object to be crushed by the rough crushing striking members 32 and 33 is restricted by the disc-like member 34, the disc-shaped member 34 is sequentially fed between the crushing casing 2 and the striking rotor 3, By hitting the object to be crushed with the striking member 31 and colliding with the colliding blade member 21 for crushing, it is possible to improve the recovery rate of useful resources by performing appropriate crushing, and at the time of crushing Energy consumption can be reduced.

The striking member is a ring hammer 31 that strikes the object to be crushed while rotating. The striking member for rough crushing projects upward from the eccentric location of the swing hammer 32 and the striking rotor 3 that strikes the object to be crushed while swinging. Each of the blade members 33 can be configured.
The crushing casing 2 has a collision blade member 22 that crushes the crushing object hit by the swing hammer 32 by colliding with the inner peripheral surface portion.
Here, the collision blade members 21 and 22 are formed by providing a plurality of collision elements on the surface of a base plate having a predetermined thickness, and the surfaces of the collision blade members 21 and 22 are made uneven by the plurality of collision elements. The object to be crushed that has been formed and collided with the collision blade members 21 and 22 is crushed while being caught by the collision elements of the collision blade members 21 and 22.
By these actions, appropriate crushing can be performed efficiently.
Further, the crushing casing 2 is provided with a predetermined height so that an object to be crushed by the swing hammer 32 and the blade member 33 of the rough crushing striking member does not jump out of the upper opening.

Moreover, the gate part 5 is formed in the circumferential direction at the height where the striking member 31 of the crushing casing 2 is located, and the gate plate 53 is provided on the gate part 5 so as to be slidable in the vertical direction.
Here, the gate portion 5 fixes the gate plate 53 slidably received within the range of the dimension H in the vertical direction along the gate frame 51 in which the opening 52 is formed, and is fixed at an appropriate position using the fixing member 54. Thus, the size of the opening 52 can be adjusted.
Thereby, it is possible to improve the recovery rate of useful resources and to easily adjust the size of the gate portion 5 by discharging after performing appropriate crushing without excessively crushing the material to be crushed. It can be carried out.
Here, the crushed object discharged from the opening 52 of the gate unit 5 is discharged downward through the inside of the cover member 11 of the vertical crusher 1. In addition, the cover member 11 is attached via the hinge part so that it can open | release as needed.

Moreover, it is preferable to be able to perform crushing even if the rotation direction of the striking rotor 3 is set to either forward or reverse direction.
Thus, for example, when the striking member 31 and the rough crushing striking members 32 and 33 are worn, normally a reversing operation is required. However, by switching the rotation direction, the reversing operation is not required and the frequency of maintenance work is reduced. Thus, the operating rate of the equipment can be improved.

Next, the operation of the vertical crusher 1 will be described.
-By projecting a blade member 33 as a rough crushing striking member upward from the eccentric portion of the striking rotor 3 on the top of the striking rotor 3, it collides with the blade member 33 in a large space above the crushing casing 2 The to-be-crushed object is thrown upwards and can perform shocking crushing. Thereby, crushing by other crushing mechanisms can be reduced, and the frequency of maintenance work can be reduced by reducing wear.
The rotation of the striking rotor 3 normally rotates at a high speed, but the peripheral speed of the striking member 31 and the rough crushing striking members 32 and 33 depends on the impact force. It is also possible to use it accordingly.
The crushing casing 2 and the striking rotor 3 are basically designed in a symmetrical structure, and can be crushed in the reverse rotation. Thus, for example, when the striking member 31 and the rough crushing striking members 32 and 33 are worn, normally a reversing operation is required. However, by switching the rotation direction, the reversing operation is not required and the frequency of maintenance work is reduced. Thus, the operating rate of the equipment can be improved.
The gate portion 5 is formed in the circumferential direction at a height at which the striking member 31 of the crushing casing 2 is located, and the gate plate 53 is provided on the gate portion 5 so as to be slidable in the vertical direction. Since the crushed material is discharged along with the rotation of the striking rotor 3, the discharge performance is good. Specifically, it can be discharged in a gravity field of about 90-95G centrifugal force with respect to the gravity field of the gravity field 1G when discharging downward, and the stagnation in the machine is reduced, so the load during crushing is reduced. Less. In the actual test results, as shown in FIG. 6, the load power (electric power consumption of the electric motor) when crushing at the same input amount (15 t / hr for electrical and electronic equipment) discharges the crushed object downward. Compared to the conventional vertical crusher 1 (comparative example), the vertical crusher 1 of the present invention (Example) was able to reduce to about 0.6 to 0.7. Moreover, since the gate part 5 can be adjusted from the side surface of the vertical crusher 1, the workability is good.
-Since it can be crushed without a screen, it can be used for rough crushing.
After rough crushing with a rough crushing striking member (swing hammer 32 and blade member 33), a material having a crushing load such as a metal lump is restricted from passing by the disk-shaped member 34. Can be discharged from above. This eliminates unnecessary crushing loads.
The swing hammer 32 of the rough crushing striking member can escape by play, and the machine can be stopped by the lock.

  As mentioned above, although demonstrated based on one Embodiment of the vertical crusher of this invention, this invention is not limited to the structure described in the said embodiment, The structure is suitably changed in the range which does not deviate from the meaning. Is something that can be done.

  The vertical crusher of the present invention can improve the recovery rate of useful resources by carrying out moderate crushing, can easily perform adjustment work and maintenance work, and can reduce energy consumption during crushing. Since it can be used, it can be suitably used for the purpose of crushing general wastes, industrial wastes, etc., and particularly for the purpose of crushing electrical and electronic equipment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical crusher 11 Cover member 2 Crushing casing 21 Colliding blade member 22 Colliding blade member 3 Blowing rotor 31 Blowing member (ring hammer)
32 Battering member for rough crushing (swing hammer)
33 Battering member for rough crushing (blade member)
34 disk-shaped member 4 electric motor 5 gate portion 51 gate frame 52 opening 53 gate plate 54 fixing member

Claims (4)

  A crushing casing having a collision blade member on the inner peripheral surface portion, and a striking rotor having a striking member on the outer peripheral side and driven to rotate in the circumferential direction of the crushing casing inside the crushing casing, In the vertical crusher that hits the object to be crushed with the striking member and collides with the collision blade member to crush it, rough crushing of the object to be shredded is performed at a position above the striking member of the striking rotor. A vertical crusher characterized by providing a disk-shaped member for defining a gap between a rough crushing striking member to be performed and an inner peripheral surface of a crushing casing for restricting passage of an object to be crushed.   The saddle type according to claim 1, wherein a gate portion is formed in a circumferential direction at a height at which the striking member of the crushing casing is located, and a gate plate is slidably provided in the gate portion in the vertical direction. Crushing machine.   3. The vertical crushing according to claim 1, wherein the striking member is a ring hammer, and the rough crushing striking member is a blade member protruding upward from an eccentric part of a swing hammer and a striking rotor. Machine.   The vertical crusher according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the crushing can be performed regardless of whether the rotation direction of the striking rotor is normal or reverse.

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