JP2014205123A - Crusher and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crusher and its operation method which disassemble electric and electronic apparatuses as to-be-crushed objects and separate electronic circuit boards without crushing while crushing objects to specified grain sizes or smaller.SOLUTION: A crusher 1 includes a crushing casing 5 having collision blade members 10 in the inner peripheral surface part and a striking rotor 15 which has a striking member 18 on the outer peripheral side and is rotation-driven in the circumferential direction of the crushing casing 5 within the crushing casing 5 and strikes an object entering between the crushing casing 5 and the striking rotor 15 and causing the object to collide with the collision blade members 10 to crush. A part of the crushing casing is composed of a casing damper 8 formed by attaching the collision blade members 10 constituting the inner peripheral surface part of the crushing casing 5 to a door member 12 openable with a hinge mechanism 11.

Description

  The present invention relates to a crusher for crushing general waste, industrial waste, etc., and in particular, OA equipment such as personal computers and servers, home appliances such as video decks, and other electrical and electronic equipment (hereinafter simply referred to as “electronic equipment”). Is referred to as “electrical and electronic equipment”), and relates to a crusher having a function of separating and taking out an electronic circuit board without crushing, and an operating method thereof.

  Conventionally, as a crusher for crushing waste to be crushed, such as general waste and industrial waste, a crushing casing having a collision blade member on the inner peripheral surface portion and a striking member on the outer peripheral side and crushing the crushing casing inside the crushing casing A striking rotor that is driven to rotate in the circumferential direction of the casing. The shredded object that has entered between the crushing casing and the striking rotor is struck with a striking member and crushed by colliding with a colliding blade member. There is one in which an object is discharged through a gap between the crushing casing and the striking rotor on the discharge port side of the crushing casing (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In this type of crusher, a particle size adjusting mechanism is arranged facing the gap between the crushing casing and the blow rotor on the discharge port side of the crushing casing, and by adjusting the opening degree of the gap by this particle size adjusting mechanism, There exists what adjusted the particle size of the to-be-crushed object (for example, refer patent document 2).

JP 11-319623 A JP 2003-117414 A

On the other hand, in recent years, useful resources such as rare metals contained in electronic circuit boards incorporated in discarded electrical and electronic devices have attracted attention. For this reason, discarded electrical and electronic devices are also called “urban mines”. There is a growing momentum to recycle and effectively use resources.
By the way, when the discarded electrical and electronic equipment is crushed using the conventional crusher, the electronic circuit board disassembled from the electrical and electronic equipment in the initial stage enters between the crushing casing and the striking rotor. With the cooperation of the striking member and the colliding blade member, the substrate and the mounting component are separated, and further, as the residence time between the striking member and the colliding blade member becomes longer, the crushing of the substrate and the mounting component proceeds, Both of them are finely crushed according to the opening degree of the gap between the crushing casing and the striking rotor by the particle size adjusting mechanism, and discharged together with other crushed materials.

  However, if the electronic circuit board is finely crushed and mixed with other crushed materials in this way, the effort and cost for separating and recovering useful resources such as rare metals contained in the electronic circuit board at a high content rate In addition, there is a problem that the recovery rate is reduced.

  In view of the problems of the conventional crusher, the present invention is capable of crushing the object to be crushed to a predetermined particle size or less while disassembling the electric and electronic equipment as the object to be crushed, An object of the present invention is to provide a crusher that can be separated and taken out without crushing, and an operation method thereof.

  In order to achieve the above object, a crusher according to a first invention has a crushing casing having a collision blade member on an inner peripheral surface portion and a striking member on an outer peripheral side, and in the crushing casing in a circumferential direction inside the crushing casing. A crushing machine comprising a rotating rotor driven to rotate, hitting a crushing object that has entered between the crushing casing and the striking rotor with a striking member, and colliding with a colliding blade member to crush the shredder. It is characterized in that a part can be opened.

  In this case, a part of the crushing casing can be constituted by a casing damper in which a collision blade member constituting the inner peripheral surface portion of the crushing casing is attached to a door member that can be opened and closed by a hinge mechanism (second invention). .

  Next, the operation method of the crusher according to the third invention is the operation method of the crusher according to the first invention or the second invention, wherein the number of rotations of the striking rotor when a part of the crushing casing is not opened. On the other hand, the rotational speed of the striking rotor is reduced when a part of the crushing casing is opened.

In the crusher of 1st invention, when the normal waste which does not need to isolate | separate and take out an electronic circuit board is a material to be crushed, a part of crushing casing is made into a non-open state.
Thereby, crushing progresses as the residence time between the striking member and the collision blade member becomes longer, and according to the opening degree of the gap between the crushing casing and the striking rotor on the discharge port side of the crushing casing Finely crushed. Therefore, the material to be crushed can be crushed to a predetermined particle size or less.
On the other hand, when it is necessary to separate and take out the electronic circuit board, specifically, when the object to be crushed is an electric and electronic device, a part of the crushing casing is opened.
As a result, the electrical and electronic equipment that is the object to be crushed becomes the object to be crushed into large pieces by the cooperation of the striking member and the collision blade member in the initial stage of entering between the crushing casing and the striking rotor. In a disassembled state, it is quickly discharged from the open part of the crushing casing. Therefore, the electronic circuit board can be separated and taken out from the electric / electronic device which is the object to be crushed without being crushed. As a result, the electronic circuit board is not crushed finely and mixed with other crushed materials, and the effort and cost for separating and recovering useful resources such as rare metals contained in the electronic circuit board at a high content rate In addition, these resources can be recovered at a high recovery rate.

  In addition, by adopting the configuration of the second invention, it is possible to easily switch between a partially opened state and a non-opened state of the crushing casing by an opening / closing operation of the casing damper.

  Further, according to the operation method of the crusher of the third invention, the striking rotor when a part of the crushing casing is opened with respect to the rotation speed of the striking rotor when a part of the crushing casing is not opened. Since the crushing impact force can be adjusted appropriately, the electronic circuit board can be separated and taken out from the electric and electronic equipment that is the object to be crushed without crushing. .

It is a longitudinal section of a crusher concerning one embodiment of the present invention, and is a state figure where a casing damper was closed. It is the A section enlarged view of FIG. It is the BB sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the crusher of this embodiment, and is a state figure in which the casing damper was opened. It is CC sectional view taken on the line of FIG.

  Next, an embodiment of a crusher and an operation method thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<Overview of crusher>
As shown in FIG. 1, the crusher 1 of the present embodiment crushes objects to be crushed such as general waste and industrial waste, and has a function of crushing the objects to be crushed to a predetermined particle size or less. In addition, the electronic circuit board can be separated and taken out from the electric / electronic device which is an object to be crushed without being crushed.

  The crusher 1 includes a crushing casing 5 that is installed on a gantry 2 via a base 3 and a discharge unit housing 4. On the crushing casing 5, an upper casing 6 having an inlet (not shown) through which an object to be crushed is input, a blast escape port (not shown) for releasing the blast, and the like are installed.

<Description of crushing casing>
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the crushing casing 5 is formed in an octagonal cylinder shape in plan view that is opened in the vertical direction and slightly narrows downward.
As shown in FIG. 3, the crushing casing 5 includes a first side wall part 5a, a second side wall part 5b, a third side wall part 5c, and a fourth side wall part 5d in order clockwise from the first side wall part 5a. , A fifth side wall 5e, a sixth side wall 5f, a seventh side wall 5g, and an eighth side wall 5h, a total of eight side walls 5a to 5h.
Here, the part constituted by the other seven side wall parts 5a, 5b, 5d to 5h excluding the third side wall part 5c is referred to as a “crushing casing main part 7”.
The third side wall 5c also functions as a casing damper that opens and closes the opening 7a (see FIG. 5) of the crushing casing main portion 7. Therefore, the third side wall 5c is appropriately referred to as a “casing damper 8” below. It shall be called.

As shown in FIG. 3, the crushing casing main portion 7 includes a casing body 9 having side plates corresponding to the seven side wall portions 5 a, 5 b, 5 d to 5 h, and collides with the inner surface of each side plate in the casing body 9. The blade member 10 is attached and configured.
Here, the collision blade member 10 is formed by providing a plurality of collision elements 10b on the surface of a base plate 10a having a predetermined thickness, and the surface of the collision blade member 10 is formed in an uneven shape by the plurality of collision elements 10b. Has been.
By adopting the collision blade member 10 having the uneven surface as described above, the object to be crushed against the collision blade member 10 is crushed while being caught by the collision element 10b of the collision blade member 10. Become.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the casing damper 8 includes a door member 12 that can be opened and closed by a hinge mechanism 11 with respect to an opening 7 a (see FIG. 5) of the crushing casing main portion 7, and the door member 12. Is in the closed state (see FIG. 3), the above-described collision blade member 10 is attached to the plate surface of the door member 12 facing the inside of the crushing casing 5.
The hinge mechanism 11 includes a pin 13 that rotatably joins one side portion of the door member 12 to the crushing casing main portion 7, and by swinging the door member 12 around the vertical axis of the pin 13, As shown in FIG. 3, the casing damper 8 is closed with respect to the crushing casing main part 7 so that the third side wall part 5c of the crushing casing 5 is not opened. As shown in FIG. 7, the casing damper 8 is opened, and the third side wall 5c of the crushing casing 5 can be opened.

As shown in FIG. 2, the rotating shaft 14 is disposed at the center position of the crushing casing 5 with the axis line oriented in the vertical direction.
A striking rotor 15 disposed inside the crushing casing 5 is attached to the upper portion of the rotating shaft 14.

<Description of striking rotor>
The striking rotor 15 is mounted with a required hollow circular striking member 18 on the upper and lower step portions of the perimeter of the striking rotor main body 17 in a state of having a play with respect to the support pin 19, and the striking rotor main body 17. A convex striking member 20 is provided on the upper surface.
The interval between the striking member 18 on the outer peripheral side of the striking rotor 15 and the collision blade member 10 is formed so as to gradually narrow toward the lower part of the crushing casing 5, and between the crushing casing 5 and the striking rotor 15. The material to be crushed is easy to enter.

As shown in FIG. 1, a portion closer to the lower part from the intermediate portion of the rotating shaft 14 is rotatably supported by the discharge portion housing 4 via a bearing unit 16.
In addition, a drive motor 21 is installed on the base 3 with a predetermined distance between the rotary shaft 14 and the shaft.
A drive pulley 22 is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor 21, and a driven pulley 23 is fixed to the lower end portion of the rotating shaft 14, and a transmission belt 24 is wound between the drive pulley 22 and the driven pulley 23. When the drive motor 21 is operated, the rotational power from the drive motor 21 is transmitted to the rotary shaft 14 via the drive pulley 22, the transmission belt 24 and the driven pulley 23, and the impact rotor 15 is moved inside the crushing casing 5. The crushing casing 5 is rotationally driven in the circumferential direction.

When the striking rotor 15 is driven to rotate, the striking member 18 is rotated so as to revolve around the vertical axis of the rotating shaft 14 in a state where the striking member 18 protrudes outward by centrifugal force, and between the crushing casing 5 and the striking rotor 15. The striking member 18 can hit the object to be crushed.
At this time, even if a load that does not easily deform the object to be crushed acts, since the play is provided between the striking member 18 and the support pin 19, the striking member 18 escapes in an arbitrary direction. The load can be prevented from being transmitted to the support pin 19.

<Description of gap adjustment plate>
As shown in FIG. 2, a total of eight clearance adjustment plates 25 are disposed between the crushing casing 5 and the discharge portion housing 4 in correspondence with the side wall portions 5 a to 5 h of the crushing casing 5 ( In FIG. 2, only two gap adjusting plates 25 corresponding to the side wall portions 5g and 5c are shown.
Each gap adjusting plate 25 is for adjusting the opening degree of the gap 26 between the crushing casing 5 and the striking rotor 15 on the discharge port side of the crushing casing 5, and fastens the crushing casing 5 and the discharge portion housing 4. It is possible to move the crushing casing 5 in the radial direction by loosening the bolts 27.
By adjusting the opening degree of the gap 26 with the gap adjusting plate 25, the residence time of the object to be crushed between the collision blade member 10 and the striking member 18 is adjusted, and the collision blade member 10 and the striking member 18 An object to be crushed can be crushed to a predetermined particle size or less by appropriately maintaining the collapsing action by cooperation.
The object to be crushed finely to a particle size defined by the opening degree of the gap 26 set by the gap adjusting plate 25 passes between the gap adjusting plate 25 and the striking rotor 15 and enters the discharge unit housing 4. Be dropped.

A required scraper 28 disposed in the discharge unit housing 4 is attached to the lower surface of the striking rotor 15, and the scraper 28 can scrape objects to be crushed in the discharge unit housing 4. ing.
The discharge unit housing 4 is provided with an opening 29 for discharging the object to be crushed by the scraper 28 to the outside of the discharge unit housing 4.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a discharge chute 30 is attached to the discharge portion housing 4 and the crushing casing 5 so as to straddle both, and the discharge chute 30 discharges from the opening 29 of the discharge portion housing 4. As shown in FIG. 4, the finely crushed object M to be crushed and broken into large fragments discharged from the opening 7a of the crushing casing main portion 7 that appears when the casing damper 8 is opened. The to-be-crushed object M ′ can be dropped and discharged downward outside the apparatus.

<Description of effects>
Regarding the crushing operation of the crusher 1 configured as described above, there is a case where normal waste that is not required to separate and remove the electronic circuit board is a material to be crushed, and the electronic circuit board needs to be separated and taken out. This will be described below separately for a case where an electrical and electronic device is a material to be crushed.

First, when normal waste that does not need to be separated and taken out is a material to be crushed, the casing damper 8 is closed and the third side wall of the crushing casing 5 is closed as shown in FIGS. The portion 5c is not opened, and the striking rotor 15 is rotationally driven at a relatively high rotational speed NA.
In this operating state, the object to be crushed put into the crushing casing 5 through the upper casing 6 is first struck by the striking member 20 protruding from the striking rotor 15 and roughly crushed and dispersed.
When the dispersed object to be crushed enters between the crushing casing 5 and the striking rotor 15, striking is applied from the striking member 18 on the outer peripheral side of the striking rotor 15 and it is collided with the colliding blade member 10. A grinding operation is performed in cooperation with the collision blade member 10.
As the residence time between the striking member 18 and the impingement blade member 10 becomes longer, the object to be crushed progresses, and the object to be crushed becomes fine according to the degree of opening of the gap 26 (see FIG. 2) by continuing the crushing action. It is crushed. Thus, the material to be crushed can be crushed to a predetermined particle size or less.
Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the finely crushed object M is dropped into the discharge unit housing 4 through the gap adjusting plate 25 and the striking rotor 15, and is scraped by the scraper 28. It is dropped and discharged from the opening 29 of the discharge unit housing 4 to the outside outside the machine through the discharge chute 30.

On the other hand, when the electric and electronic device that needs to be separated and taken out is a material to be crushed, the casing damper 8 is opened and the third side wall portion of the crushing casing 5 is opened as shown in FIGS. 5c is opened, and the rotational speed of the striking rotor 15 is lowered from the relatively high rotational speed NA, and the striking rotor 15 is rotationally driven at a relatively low rotational speed NB.
Thus, the crushing impact force can be appropriately adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the striking rotor 15.
In this operating state, the object to be crushed put into the crushing casing 5 through the upper casing 6 is first struck by the striking member 20 protruding from the striking rotor 15 and roughly crushed and dispersed.
When a roughly dispersed object to be crushed enters between the crushing casing 5 and the striking rotor 15, a large piece of the object M to be crushed by the cooperation of the collision blade member 10 and the striking member 18 in the initial stage. Specifically, it is disassembled into a case of an electric / electronic device or the like and an electronic circuit board, and in this state, as shown in FIG. 4, it is promptly passed through the discharge chute 30 from the opened casing damper 8 of the crushing casing 5. It is dropped and discharged to the outside of the machine.
Thereby, it can isolate | separate and take out, without crushing an electronic circuit board from the electric and electronic equipment which is a to-be-crushed object. As a result, the electronic circuit board is not crushed finely and mixed with other crushed materials, and the effort and cost for separating and recovering useful resources such as rare metals contained in the electronic circuit board at a high content rate In addition, these resources can be recovered at a high recovery rate.

  As mentioned above, although the crusher of this invention and its operating method were demonstrated based on the one embodiment, this invention is not limited to the structure described in the said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning, The configuration can be changed.

  The crusher of the present invention and the operation method thereof are capable of crushing the object to be crushed to a predetermined particle size or less, without disassembling the electric and electronic equipment as the object to be crushed and crushing the electronic circuit board. Because it has the characteristics that can be separated and taken out, it can be used for crushing of general waste, industrial waste, etc., as well as crushing electronic circuit boards from electrical and electronic equipment It can be suitably used for applications that are separated and taken out.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 5 Crush casing 8 Casing damper 10 Colliding blade member 11 Hinge mechanism 12 Door member 15 Blow rotor 18 Blow member

Claims (3)

  A crushing casing having a collision blade member on the inner peripheral surface portion, and a striking rotor having a striking member on the outer peripheral side and driven to rotate in the circumferential direction of the crushing casing inside the crushing casing, A crusher characterized in that, in a crusher that hits a crushing object that has entered between them with a striking member and collides with a collision blade member to crush it, a part of a crushing casing can be opened.   2. A crusher according to claim 1, wherein a part of the crushing casing is constituted by a casing damper in which a collision blade member constituting an inner peripheral surface portion of the crushing casing is attached to a door member that can be opened and closed by a hinge mechanism. .   It is a driving | running method of the crusher of Claim 1 or 2, Comprising: When a part of crushing casing is made into an open state with respect to the rotation speed of a blow rotor when a part of crushing casing is made into a non-open state, the blow A method for operating a crusher, characterized in that the number of rotations of the rotor is reduced.

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