JP2002153856A - Automatic separator for recycling printed board - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automatic separator in which various kinds of electronic parts are separated and recovered without breaking the original shape of the printed board to be disassembled and the disassembled materials are aligned so that every base material can easily be separated. SOLUTION: This automatic separator is provided with a rotor having a projection, a driving motor for rotating the rotor, a cylindrical case for surrounding the rotor and a cap disposed on the side of the cylindrical case. Various kinds of electronic parts separated from the printed board are made to fall naturally by inclining the cylindrical case. Iron, aluminum or the like of every base material is discharged from the cylindrical case onto a screen by repeating several times the action to rotate the rotor by a several-degree revolutions and stop its rotation and recovered easily by using a hanging magnetic force sorter and an eddy current generating device so that the disassembled materials are accumulated on the screen.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for crushing a printed wiring board on which various components are mounted into a size of several cm square to about 10 cm square without breaking an original mounted component from the printed wiring board by an impact force. The present invention relates to a crushing device for separation and a device for separating and collecting crushed materials for each metal material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a method of recovering valuable resources from a printed wiring board such as a television receiver, a dry distillation method, for example, a recovery method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 10-314711 has been proposed.

[0003] In this case, the method of carbonization includes various electronic components (resistors, capacitors, coils,
Integrated circuit, heat sink, flyback transformer, etc.), coated wires (cables) connecting the electronic components and the printed wiring board, solder for bonding used in the mounting process, etc. are removed in advance, and then the printed wiring board is 300 to 450 ° C. The purpose is to separate and collect resin, copper foil, and glass fiber by heating the resin portion to carbonize the resin portion.

Further, a method has been proposed in which a soldering surface side of a printed wiring board on which electronic components are mounted is ground with a grindstone, components are removed, and then a sorting process is performed.

[0005] In addition, there is a method of vibrating and aligning an entire circular swirl container used in a part feeder or the like in order to separate crushed printed boards for each material.

Further, in some cases, the printed board is crushed by a crusher using a cutter or the like in order to recover metal from the printed board.

[0007]

However, the above-mentioned dry distillation method requires a treatment for preventing pollution of exhaust gas due to heating, and requires a large-scale apparatus and a high recycling cost.

[0008] One side of the printed wiring board is ground with a grindstone,
The method of removing parts also requires a long processing time, and requires replacement and maintenance of the grinding wheel due to wear and clogging of the grinding wheel.

In the method using the parts feeder, the size and shape need to be substantially the same in order to arrange the components. However, since the printed board is separated into various electronic components, the size and shape are not constant. Cannot be aligned.

In a crusher using a cutter or the like, the materials were not separated for each material due to shear fracture. Even if iron is attracted by magnetic force, other metals may adhere to it, and there is a problem that it can be collected only in the form of a mixed metal.

The present invention crushes a printed wiring board on which various electronic components and the like are mounted in a short time, separates the mounted electronic components from the printed wiring board without breaking the prototype, and automatically sorts them by material. In the apparatus, when all the decomposition products remaining in the drum are discharged when the decomposition products are discharged from the drum, a piled state is obtained. In the above state, it is difficult to accurately sort each material by using a magnetic force or an eddy current in a subsequent process, and therefore, it is an object of the present invention to keep the components aligned.

Further, when iron is recovered by magnetic force and aluminum is recovered by eddy current, the accuracy of sorting can be improved even if the size of various electronic components disassembled without breaking the prototype of the components varies depending on the type of printed board. The purpose is to enable metal recovery for each material.

[0013]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an automatic sorting apparatus for recycling a printed board according to the present invention has a diameter decreasing toward a tip provided on a rotation center axis in a substantially vertical direction. A rotor having a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of shafts standing in a substantially vertical direction around the protrusions, a rotor rotation driving means for rotating the rotor, and surrounding the rotor, and being substantially horizontal on the inner surface side. A plurality of shafts erected in the direction and a cylindrical case having an opening / closing part on a part of the side wall surface, and a crushed material crushed by a crushing device comprising Then, the fallen material from the sieve is collected, and the remaining crushed material that does not fall by the sieve is transported to a transport conveyor, and iron (paramagnetic metal) is removed by a suspended magnetic separator during transportation by the transport conveyor. Collected and eddy current In an automatic sorting apparatus for recycling printed boards for recovering aluminum (non-magnetic metal), when discharging the crushed material from the opening / closing section, the cylindrical case is inclined, and the rotor is rotated at a predetermined angle and then rotated at a predetermined angle. The operation of stopping for a predetermined time and rotating again at a predetermined angle is repeated several times.

Further, in the automatic sorting apparatus for recycling printed boards, a groove is provided so that a mesh provided on the sieve can be exchanged, and the angle of the sieve can be changed.

Further, in the automatic sorting apparatus for recycling printed boards, a cylinder is provided around a hole on the back side of the sieve.

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The invention described in the claims of the present invention
A rotor having a projection whose diameter decreases toward the tip at the center of rotation pointing substantially vertically, and further having a plurality of shafts pointing substantially vertically extending around the projection whose diameter decreases toward the tip, A rotor rotation driving means for rotating the rotor, and a cylindrical case surrounding the rotor, wherein a plurality of shafts extending in a substantially horizontal direction are erected on the inner surface side of the cylindrical case, and the entire cylindrical case is inclined. After the crushing of the printed circuit board on which various components are mounted is completed in a state where the lid is provided on the side surface of the cylindrical case and the cylindrical case is inclined, the lid provided on the side surface of the cylindrical case is opened,
When discharging the crushed material in the cylindrical case, the rotor stops after rotating the rotor at a predetermined angle, stops for several seconds, and controls the discharge amount of the crushed material in the cylinder to discharge only a small amount. It is a crushing device characterized by repeating this operation several times, and further sieving the crushed one to collect electronic components of a certain size. A cylinder was provided around the hole to prevent the parts from falling even if the parts were inclined, and a structure that allowed the inclination angle of the sieve to be adjusted so that the objects remaining on the sieve could be conveyed, and the magnetic force The height of the sorter from the conveyor can be adjusted, and the equipment that rotates the magnets to generate eddy currents is equipped with a counter so that the number of rotations can be varied. It is not necessary to add, to the entire apparatus simple, footprint even can be made compact, even of different sizes depending on the type of the printed board can provide a crushing device with low cost that can be accommodated.

An apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a concept of a crushing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view viewed from a direction A shown in FIG. 1 and 2, 1 is a cylindrical case, 2 is a first standing shaft (horizontal direction), 3 is a rotating body (rotor), 3a is an extended portion, and 4 is a second standing shaft (vertical direction). ), 5 is a third standing shaft (vertical direction), 6 is a conical projection, 7 is a fin, 8 is a drive motor, 9 is an inclined surface, 10 is a slide bottom plate, 15 is a lid, 1
6 is an exhaust pipe, 20 is a printed wiring board, 30 is an exhaust pump, 31 is an electromagnetic on-off valve, and 100 is a crusher.

The crushing apparatus 100 according to the present invention includes a substantially conical projection 6 at the center of rotation in the vertical direction, and a plurality of radially extending portions 3a in the horizontal direction around the conical projection 6. A rotor 3 having at least one of a second upright shaft 4 and a third upright shaft 5 which are vertically oriented on the surface of the protruding portion 3a, and a drive motor 8 (rotor) for rotating the rotor 3 (Rotation driving means), a cylindrical case 1 having a bottomed container surrounding the rotor 3, and a plurality of first standing shafts 2 oriented horizontally in the inner surface side of the cylindrical case 1. The first upright shaft 2 is provided upright at 4 positions every 90 degrees.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the rotor 3 has a cross-shaped plate shape. That is, the radially extending portions 3a are equally divided and arranged in four crosses. Then, an extended portion provided with only one second upright shaft 4 and an extended portion provided with two second upright shafts 4 and 3 are respectively provided. They were arranged symmetrically.

The vertical shafts 4 and 5 pointing in the vertical direction and the vertical shaft 2 pointing in the horizontal direction are tapered shafts whose diameter decreases toward the tip. This prevents insulated wires separated from the printed circuit board from tangling,
The purpose is to make it easy to come off even if it gets entangled. The conical projection 6 was also tapered for the same reason. The conical projections 6 also play a role of splashing the crushed material toward the wall surface of the cylindrical case 1 by centrifugal force.

Further, in the crushing apparatus 100, at least one end face of the extending portion 3a is formed as an inclined surface 9. Partially, the side surface of the extension 3a is also the inclined surface 11. The purpose of this is to make it easy for the crushed object (printed wiring board) that has fallen to the bottom of the cylindrical case 1 to jump up.

Further, fins 7 are provided at two places at the center of the slope of the conical projection 6 for the purpose of splashing, catching, or applying an impact to the object to be crushed.

The printed wiring board 20 is impact-crushed by being sandwiched between the vertical standing shafts 4 and 5 and the horizontal standing shaft 2.

Also, impact crushing is caused by collision of the upright shafts 4 and 5, the extending portions 3a, the fins 7, etc., which face the printed wiring board in the vertical direction.

The material of the standing shafts 2, 4, and 5 is a general carbon steel for machine structure. A material having high hardness and high impact resistance may be selected as needed.

The crushing apparatus according to the present invention includes a lid 15 for closing the upper end opening of the cylindrical case 1. The lid 1
A pipe 16 is attached to 5, and the air in the cylindrical case 1 is exhausted by an exhaust pump 30 via an electromagnetic on-off valve 31. It is desirable that the air is continuously discharged for several minutes after the crushing process and after the lid is opened after the crushing.

The air discharge pipe may be attached to the side of the cylindrical case. Also, the exhaust pump 3
For 0, a commercially available dust collector, an industrial vacuum cleaner, or the like may be used.

Further, the lid 15 may be of a detachable type in which the whole is fitted, or a part may be fixedly attached to the upper end of the cylindrical case, and the remaining part may be detachably attached and opened via a hinge. .

The air discharging means discharges dust generated in the process of crushing the printed wiring board and the like and dust that has adhered to the printed wiring board, thereby maintaining a good working environment.

Next, the crushing apparatus of the present invention is configured such that a side cover 10 is provided on the side wall surface of the cylindrical case 1 so that an opening can be provided.

The crushed printed circuit board, various separated electronic parts, separated covered electric wires, and the like can be efficiently taken out of the cylindrical case 1 from the side cover in a short time.

When the various electronic components and the like separated by the rotor 3 are discharged from the side cover 10, the cylindrical case 1 is in an inclined state. Various electronic components and the like can be conveyed to the sieve 11. However, the remaining electronic components in other places cannot be taken out of the cylindrical case 1 unless the rotor 3 is rotated. When the rotor 3 is rotated once, all of the separated electronic components are discharged from the cylindrical case 1, so that the electronic components are piled up on the sieve 11 and cannot be sufficiently sorted by the sieve 11. Therefore, according to the present invention, when ejecting various electronic components, the rotor 3 is rotated at a predetermined angle, stopped for a while, restarted, and restarted to perform the same operation several times instead of rotating once. By repeating, various electronic components remaining in the cylindrical case 1 can be divided into several times and sequentially discharged.

(Embodiment 2) An example of crushing the printed wiring board 20 using the crushing apparatus will be briefly described. The printed wiring board put into the cylindrical case 1 was a circuit board for controlling a television receiver.

Various electronic components (resistors, capacitors, coils, transistors, integrated circuits, connectors, flyback transformers, tuners, etc.) are provided on the printed wiring board 20.
Are mounted by soldering.

In addition, aluminum heat sinks of various shapes, second and third small-sized printed wiring boards, and the like are also mounted on the main surface of the printed wiring board in an upright state. further,
A covered electric wire (cable) for desirably connecting between printed wiring boards or between an electronic component or the like and the printed wiring board is also attached. In some cases, a resin or metal frame that supports the printed wiring board is also attached to one main surface side.

One or more printed wiring boards 20 are put into the cylindrical case 1 inclined as shown in FIG. Next, the rotor 15 was rotated while the lid 15 was covered and the air in the case was exhausted.

As a result, the flyback transformer, various heat sinks, large electronic components, terminal boards, second and third small printed wiring boards, coated electric wires, etc. were separated from the printed wiring boards without significantly impairing the outer shape.

The printed wiring board is several cm square to 10 cm.
It could be crushed to a size of about cm square.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part showing the concept of selecting various separated electronic components. The details will be described below with reference to FIG.

Various electronic components separated from the printed wiring board are opened to the side cover 10 and discharged to the sieve 11 therefrom. The fine electronic components are removed by a sieve and collected in a crushed material small piece collection box 22. Only electronic components larger than the mesh of the sieve 11 are transferred to the next conveyor 13. A suspended magnetic separator 12 is installed above the conveyor 13 so that large iron can be attracted by magnetic force and collected in the large iron collection box 21. Big iron is mainly a metal frame, which has been disassembled and the substrate has come off. Then, by the eddy current generator 14,
Non-ferrous metal such as aluminum, which is a non-magnetic material, is blown off and collected in the aluminum collection box 17. Since the eddy current generator 14 rotates the magnet at a high speed, iron, which is a magnetic material, is attracted by magnetic force without flying, so that the iron recovery BOX 1
9 is selected.

In the sorting process using eddy currents, non-metals such as plastics and ceramics are sorted into the non-metal recovery BOX 18 because they do not fly and are not attracted by magnetic force.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a process in which a printed board is sorted by the automatic sorting apparatus according to the present invention. This flow is as follows.

The disassembled printed board is crushed to a size smaller than the mesh size of the sieve, dropped, and the one remaining on the sieve is transferred to the conveyer 13. Sort. Next, aluminum is sorted by the eddy current generator 14. Non-metals such as plastics are separated as materials that do not contain metals because they do not fly by eddy currents and are not attracted by magnetic force. Finally, the magnetic material attracted by the magnetic force such as iron is separated. In this flow, it is possible to separate finely crushed small pieces from five types of large iron, aluminum, nonmetal, and magnetic materials. When collecting large iron from the disassembled printed board, the height of the suspended magnetic separator 12 from the conveyor can be adjusted (the specific structure is not described in the present invention), so that the prototype of the part can be reduced. When disassembled without breaking, even if the size of the large iron differs depending on the type of the printed board, it can be collected. Generally, in the case of a large television set, it is necessary to increase the height from the conveyor.

When aluminum is collected, the aluminum fins tend to become larger as the inch size of the TV set becomes larger, like large iron. In the case of sorting by eddy current, if the number of rotations of the magnet is small, the generated magnetic field is weakened, and the weight becomes heavy and does not fly, so that the sorting is incomplete. In order to select a heavy aluminum fin with a large weight, a counter is installed in a device for rotating a magnet so that a strong magnetic field can be generated by increasing the number of rotations (a specific electric circuit is not described in the present invention). Can be set to the number of rotations.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of the sieve. The details will be described below with reference to FIG.

The sieve 11 is attached to a support 22. One end is a fulcrum 27 by a pin, and the other end is a slot 2 on the opposite side.
5 is provided and fixed to the support 22 with the sieve fixing bolt 24.

The support 22 applies vibration to the sieve 11,
It is connected to a cam or a link (not shown in the present invention). When the sieve fixing bolt 24 is loosened, the fixing position can be changed by the adjusting long hole 25, so that the inclination angle of the sieve 11 can be adjusted. For the support 22, the sieve 1
1 can vibrate in an inclined state. Sieve 11
Is provided with a groove 28, so that the mesh 23 is
8, the mesh 23 can be replaced because it is structured to be fixed from above by mesh fixing bolts 26. The disassembled printed board is discharged out of the cylindrical case 1 and conveyed to the sieve 11. The printed board disassembled under various disassembly conditions (rotational speed and disassembly time) vibrates the sieve 11 to drop the one less than the size of the mesh 23, and leaves the remaining one in size and shape like a parts feeder. It is possible to convey not only a uniform shape but also an unspecified shape. When the size of the mesh 23 is reduced, a small object remains on the sieve 11 and is not conveyed in a nearly horizontal state. Therefore, the inclination angle can be increased to facilitate conveyance. Mesh 2
If the size of the sieve 3 is increased, only a large object remains on the sieve 11, and if the tilt angle of the sieve 11 is large, the moving speed is increased, and the sieve 11 tends to be piled up without being aligned. The moving speed can be reduced by adjusting the position to be nearly horizontal.

FIG. 6 is a side view as seen from the direction B in FIG. Although the mesh 23 is fitted and fixed in the groove 28, the upper side is made longer and the lower side is made shorter in the groove 28, so that when the mesh 23 is replaced, dust does not fall into the groove 28 even if dust falls from above. Can be Above the sieve 11, vibration is applied to disassemble the printed board to remove it, so fine dust may float, and if the groove 28 is clogged, it becomes difficult to replace the mesh 23.

In the case of a television receiver, the size of parts can be divided to some extent depending on the inch size. As an example, in the case of a low inch of a 14-inch class, it is sieved with a mesh of 10 mm. For a medium inch class up to 26 inches, a mesh of 25 mm can be used, and for a large television of 26 inches or more, a mesh of 40 mm can be used.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a state in which a cylinder 29 is installed around the hole 32 on the back surface of the mesh 23. When an electronic component having a size larger than a sieve is collected, the component may be inclined to vibrate the sieve and may fall. By installing the cylinder 29 on the back side around the hole 32 of the mesh 23, even if the part enters the hole 32 in an oblique direction, it will not fall because it is caught. The longer the length of the tube, the more difficult it is to drop from the hole 32. This improves the sorting accuracy.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view in which the holes of the mesh 23 are changed to square holes 33 and the guides 34 are installed on the back surface. In FIG.
For the purpose of simplifying the cylinder 29 installed around the hole 32, as shown in FIG. 8, when the square hole 33 is opened, a notch is formed and the base material is bent downward without punching out the guide, thereby providing a guide. 34. According to this method, the guide 34 can be manufactured simultaneously with the processing of the square hole 33, and the number of steps can be reduced.

Even if the printed board is crushed at once by a conventional crusher and sieved, there is no effect of sieving and sorting because the sizes are almost uniform. According to the present invention, since the electronic component prototype is collected without being broken, it can be separated according to the sieve mesh size.

[0054]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to add a new mechanism by disassembling the printed board, and by transporting the decomposed product to the sieve little by little when discharging the decomposed product from the drum main body. Since the occupied area can be reduced, an extremely simple and low-cost automatic sorting apparatus can be provided. Further, since the disassembled printed board has an unspecified shape, it can be transported without adding a mechanism or the like for aligning and aligning the shape, so that the tact time and the number of steps can be reduced. Further, even if the size of the mesh is changed, the versatility can be given by adjusting the inclination angle of the sieve corresponding to the material remaining on the sieve.

When the mesh is replaced in order to change the size of the mesh, dust is not clogged, so that the replacement operation can be easily performed. When an electronic component having a size greater than a certain size is collected by vibrating the sieve, the electronic component can be prevented from falling even when the component is inclined, so that the sorting accuracy can be improved.

By the impact force, various electronic components, heat radiating components, covered electric wires, the second and third small-sized printed wiring boards, etc., can be easily separated from the printed wiring board without significantly impairing the outer shape.

The sizes of the various electronic components separated by the type of the printed board are different. By adjusting the height of the magnetic force separator and the number of rotations of the magnets, it is possible to automatically sort each material according to the size of parts, reducing the number of steps and reducing the cost of recycling processing. it can.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part showing a concept of a crushing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view seen from a direction A in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a main part showing a concept of selecting various separated electronic components according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a process in which a printed board is separated by an automatic sorting device.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of a sieve.

FIG. 6 is a side view seen from the direction B in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a mesh in which a tube is installed on the back surface.

FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a square hole having a guide on the back surface of the mesh.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 cylindrical case 2 first standing shaft (horizontal direction) 3 rotating body (rotor) 3a extending portion 4 second standing shaft (vertical direction) 5 third standing shaft (vertical direction) 6 conical Projection 7 Fin 8 Drive motor 9 Inclined surface 10 Side cover 11 Screen 12 Hanging magnetic separator 13 Conveyor 14 Eddy current generator 15 Lid 16 Pipe 17 Aluminum recovery box 18 Non-metal recovery box 19 Iron recovery box 20 Printed wiring board Reference Signs List 21 large iron recovery box 22 support 23 mesh 24 sieve fixing bolt 25 adjustment long hole 26 mesh fixing bolt 27 fulcrum 28 groove 29 cylinder 30 exhaust pump 31 on-off valve 32 hole 33 square hole 34 guide 100 crusher

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B03C 1/02 B07B 1/46 B 1/23 D B07B 1/04 9/00 A 1/46 B09B 5 / 00 ZABQ B03C 1/24 A 9/00 B09B 5/00 C (72) Inventor Yoshiaki Furuya 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka Pref. Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Norio Hirata 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka Address Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 4D004 AA24 CA04 CA08 CA09 CB13 CB26 CB46 4D021 AA01 AB01 BA01 BA18 CA01 DA01 DA13 DC01 EB01 FA30 GA10 GA29 GB01 HA01 HA10 4D065 AA27 BB05 BB11 EB20 ED12 ED12 ED16 ED16 ED16

Claims (3)

[Claims] A rotor provided with a projection provided on a rotation center axis in a substantially vertical direction and having a diameter decreasing toward a tip, and a plurality of shafts erected in a substantially vertical direction around the projection. A cylinder provided with a rotor rotation driving means for rotating the rotor, a plurality of shafts surrounding the rotor and standing on the inner surface in a substantially horizontal direction, and an opening / closing part on a part of a side wall surface; A case, and the crushed material crushed by the crushing device having the same is discharged from the opening / closing unit, and is conveyed to a sieve.
The fallen material from the sieve is collected, and the remaining crushed material that does not fall down by the sieve is transferred to a conveyor, and iron (paramagnetic metal) is collected by a suspended magnetic separator during the transfer by the conveyor. Aluminum (non-magnetic metal) by eddy current
In the automatic sorting apparatus for recycling printed boards for collecting, when discharging the crushed material from the opening / closing part, the cylindrical case is inclined, the rotor is rotated at a predetermined angle, and then stopped for a predetermined time, and then stopped again. An automatic sorting apparatus for printed circuit board recycling, wherein the operation of rotating at a predetermined angle is repeated several times. 2. The automatic sorting apparatus for recycling a printed board according to claim 1, wherein a groove is provided so that a mesh placed on the sieve can be exchanged, and an angle of the sieve can be changed. 3. The automatic sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a cylinder is provided around a hole on the back side of the sieve.