JP2017532476A - 酸性ガス利用のための統合カルシウムループ複合サイクル - Google Patents
酸性ガス利用のための統合カルシウムループ複合サイクル Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 222
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- QRSFFHRCBYCWBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[O] Chemical compound [O].[O] QRSFFHRCBYCWBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 44
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium sulfide Chemical compound [Ca]=S JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003473 Grevillea banksii Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
Claims (36)
- 酸素キャリアと酸性ガス燃料を燃料反応器に注入するステップと、
前記燃料反応器にて前記酸性ガス燃料を改質し、合成ガスおよび還元酸素キャリアを生成するステップと、
前記合成ガスから前記還元酸素キャリアを分離させるステップと、
蒸気発生ユニットに前記合成ガスを通過させて合成ガスを冷却するステップと、
ガスタービンの燃焼室にて冷却合成ガスを燃焼し、排ガスが生成されるステップと、
前記排ガスの第1部分を前記蒸気発生ユニットに通過させることにより、前記排ガスの少なくとも第1部分を冷却するステップと、
前記排ガスの冷却第1部分を空気反応器に注入して前記還元酸素キャリアを酸化させ、これを前記合成ガスから分離し、酸素欠乏排ガスを形成させるステップと、
を備える、化学ループプロセス、ガスタービン、および蒸気発生ユニットを一体化させ、酸性ガス燃料を利用する用役および発電プロセス。 - 前記燃料反応器が乱流層型、流動層型、および循環流動層型の何れか1つであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 前記空気反応器が乱流層型、流動層型、および循環流動層型の何れか1つであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 前記冷却合成ガスが、自身の燃焼のために前記ガスタービンの前記燃焼室に供給される前に、圧縮されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 前記冷却合成ガスを燃焼させるために、前記ガスタービンの前記燃焼室に圧縮空気が注入されることを特徴とする請求項4記載のプロセス。
- 前記排ガスの第2部分が前記蒸気発生ユニットを通過することにより蒸気が発生し、
前記排ガスの前記第1部分と前記第2部分が前記蒸気発生ユニットの内部で分離されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。 - 前記ガスタービンは多段タービンを備え、前記排ガスの前記第1部分には、前記多段タービンの中間圧力段階で抽出された冨酸素ガスが含まれることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 前記ガスタービンは多段タービンを備え、前記排ガスの前記第1部分には、前記多段タービンの最終段階で抽出された冨酸素ガスが含まれることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 抽出された前記排ガスの前記第1部分を、前記空気反応器の射出圧力まで圧縮させるステップをさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項8記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸素欠乏排ガスを圧縮させるステップをさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項8記載のプロセス。
- 気流を前記空気反応器に注入して前記還元酸素キャリアを酸化させるステップをさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 前記還元酸素キャリアが硫黄を含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 前記還元酸素キャリアがCaSを含むことを特徴とする請求項12記載のプロセス。
- 酸化酸素キャリアを前記空気反応器から前記燃料反応器に輸送し、前記酸化酸素キャリアが前記燃料反応器へと注入されるステップをさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸化酸素キャリアを前記酸素欠乏排ガスから分離させ、前記酸化酸素キャリアの少なくとも一部を前記燃料反応器に供給させるステップを備えたことを特徴とする請求項14記載のプロセス。
- 前記排ガスの前記冷却第1部分が前記空気反応器の流入口に流入し、前記還元酸素キャリアを取り込んで酸化させることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 前記還元酸素キャリアにCaSが含まれ、酸化酸素キャリアにCaSO4が含まれることを特徴とする請求項16記載のプロセス。
- 空気圧縮機に中間冷却機能付きの多段圧縮機が備えられ、中間冷却器が蒸気発生ブロックの一部となることを特徴とする請求項5記載のプロセス。
- 前記ガスタービンの前記燃焼室にて燃焼されることにより生成された排ガスが、前記ガスタービンの多段階構造により膨張することを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 前記蒸気発生ユニットは排気筒を有し、前記蒸気発生ユニットでの熱交換の後に前記排気筒を冷却された排ガスが通過することを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 前記ガスタービン燃焼室からくる冷却排ガスに、前記空気反応器に注入された前記還元酸素キャリアを酸化させる唯一の手段が含まれることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプロセス。
- 酸性ガス燃料の原料と、
前記酸性ガス燃料と酸素キャリアが導入され、前記酸性ガスを改質して生成物流が形成され、前記酸素キャリアが還元される燃料反応器と、
前記燃料反応器と流体連通し、第1の導管から前記生成物流を取得し、前記生成物流を冷却する熱伝達ユニットとして機能する蒸気発生ユニットと、
前記蒸気発生ユニットと流体連通し、第2の導管から冷却生成物流を取得するガスタービンであって、冷却生成物流を燃焼して排ガスを生成する燃焼室を備えるガスタービンと、
前記ガスタービンを前記蒸気発生ユニットと流体連結させ、少なくとも前記排ガスの第1部分を前記ガスタービンから前記蒸気発生ユニットに輸送し、前記蒸気発生ユニットが前記排ガスを冷却する機能を有する第3の導管と、
前記第3の導管および第4の導管によって前記ガスタービンと流体連通し、冷却排ガスが供給される空気反応器であって、前記第4の導管は前記蒸気発生ユニットと前記空気反応器の間に流体連通している、空気反応器と、
を備え、
前記空気反応器が前記燃料反応器と流体連通して前記燃料反応器から還元酸素キャリアを取得し、前記ガスタービンの前記燃焼室からくる前記冷却排ガスにより前記還元酸素キャリアが酸化されて酸素欠乏排ガスが形成され、
前記空気反応器が前記蒸気発生ユニットと流体連通し、前記蒸気発生ユニットは前記空気反応器から排出される酸素欠乏排ガスを冷却することを特徴とする、化学ループ燃焼プロセスを利用した用役および発電システム。 - 燃焼のため前記ガスタービンの前記燃焼室に供給される前に合成ガスを含有する前記冷却生成物流を圧縮するガス圧縮機をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項22記載のシステム。
- 前記ガスタービンを前記蒸気発生ユニットと流体連通させ、
前記排ガスの第2部分を、前記燃焼室から前記蒸気発生ユニットに輸送する第5の導管であって、前記蒸気発生ユニットは前記排ガスの前記第2部分を前記蒸気発生ユニットから排気される前に冷却させる機能を有する、第5の導管をさらに備えた事を特徴とする請求項22記載のシステム。 - 排ガスの第1部分および第2部分が互いに分離して前記蒸気発生ユニットを通過することを特徴とする請求項24記載のシステム。
- 前記ガスタービンが多段タービンを備え、前記排ガスには前記多段タービンの中間圧力段階で抽出された冨酸素ガスが含まれることを特徴とする請求項22記載のシステム。
- 前記還元酸素キャリアが硫黄を含有する請求項22記載のシステム。
- 前記還元酸素キャリアがCaSを含む請求項27記載のシステム。
- 前記空気反応器を前記燃料反応器と流体連通させ、酸化酸素キャリアを前記空気反応器から前記燃料反応器に輸送し、前記酸化酸素キャリアを前記燃料反応器に注入させる第5の導管をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項22記載のシステム。
- 前記酸素欠乏排ガスから前記酸化酸素キャリアを分離させ、前記酸化酸素キャリアの少なくとも一部を前記燃料反応器に供給させる、第1分離器をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項29記載のシステム。
- 前記還元酸素キャリアにCaSが含まれ、前記酸化酸素キャリアにCaSO4が含まれることを特徴とする請求項29記載のシステム。
- 前記ガスタービンの前記燃焼室にて燃焼されることにより生成された排ガスが、前記ガスタービンの多段階構造により膨張することを特徴とする請求項22記載のシステム。
- 前記ガスタービン燃焼室からくる冷却排ガスに、前記空気反応器に注入された前記還元酸素キャリアを酸化させる唯一の手段が含まれることを特徴とする請求項22記載のシステム。
- 前記ガスタービンが電気を生成する請求項22記載のシステム。
- 前記酸素キャリアが固体カルシウム系粒子を含む請求項22記載のシステム。
- 前記酸素キャリアがCaO(石灰)およびCaCO3(石灰石)の少なくとも一つであることを特徴とする請求項35記載のシステム。
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