JP2017522425A - 低分子量エチレン系ポリマー重合用のビス−ビフェニルフェノキシ触媒 - Google Patents
低分子量エチレン系ポリマー重合用のビス−ビフェニルフェノキシ触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017522425A JP2017522425A JP2017503931A JP2017503931A JP2017522425A JP 2017522425 A JP2017522425 A JP 2017522425A JP 2017503931 A JP2017503931 A JP 2017503931A JP 2017503931 A JP2017503931 A JP 2017503931A JP 2017522425 A JP2017522425 A JP 2017522425A
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- Prior art keywords
- ethylene
- unsubstituted
- hydrocarbyl
- substituted
- hydrogen
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title description 36
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title description 12
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- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- -1 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 74
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 53
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006659 (C1-C20) hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052735 hafnium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical group [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004605 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(NCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical group [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical group [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003387 indolinyl group Chemical group N1(CCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004607 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl group Chemical group N1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 36
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
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- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 23
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 21
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 18
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000000743 hydrocarbylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 8
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 125000006657 (C1-C10) hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004474 heteroalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical group ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N benzene-d6 Chemical compound [2H]C1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C1[2H] UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YQYOGPMVNNWCKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-benzyl-3-(4-fluoro-2-iodophenoxy)propoxy]-4-fluoro-2-iodobenzene Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C(COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)F)I)COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)F)I YQYOGPMVNNWCKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004009 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IAOISDJTYDPUTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound FC=1C=CC=C(C=1)C=1C(=CC=C(C=1)C(C)(CC(C)(C)C)C)O IAOISDJTYDPUTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNKYVRUWHVIXRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-6-phenyl-4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound FC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)C(C)(CC(C)(C)C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1)O HNKYVRUWHVIXRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VDEDIYDCJTUMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-ditert-butyl-9-[2-(oxan-2-yloxy)-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical compound C1CCCOC1OC=1C(N2C3=CC=C(C=C3C3=CC(=CC=C32)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 VDEDIYDCJTUMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KMYPRYGCOAGIMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1-[3-(4-fluoro-2-iodophenoxy)-2-methylpropoxy]-2-iodobenzene Chemical compound CC(COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)F)I)COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)F)I KMYPRYGCOAGIMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVQFHDAKZHGEAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [CH2]C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 LVQFHDAKZHGEAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWKZGNXKWAWZGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-methyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxypropyl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C)C=CC=1S(=O)(=O)OCC(C)COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VWKZGNXKWAWZGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003289 ascorbyl group Chemical group [H]O[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O*)[C@@]1([H])OC(=O)C(O*)=C1O* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- ICZLTZWATFXDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-benzylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C(=O)OCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ICZLTZWATFXDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004819 silanols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- SCABQASLNUQUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silylium Chemical class [SiH3+] SCABQASLNUQUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001374 small-angle light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic System
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic System
- C07F7/003—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic System without C-Metal linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64003—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof the metallic compound containing a multidentate ligand, i.e. a ligand capable of donating two or more pairs of electrons to form a coordinate or ionic bond
- C08F4/64168—Tetra- or multi-dentate ligand
- C08F4/64186—Dianionic ligand
- C08F4/64193—OOOO
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
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- C08F4/65925—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not two cyclopentadienyl rings being mutually non-bridged
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- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
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- C08F4/65927—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not two cyclopentadienyl rings being mutually bridged
Abstract
Description
本出願は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、2014年7月24日に出願された米国仮出願第62/028,637号の利益を主張する。
nが、0〜3の整数であり、nが0である場合、Xが不在であり、
各Xが独立して、中性、モノアニオン性、もしくはジアニオン性の単座配位子であるか、または2つのXが一緒になって、中性、モノアニオン性、もしくはジアニオン性の二座配位子を形成し、
X及びnが、前記金属−配位子錯体が中性になるように選択され、
各Z部分が独立して、−O−、−S−、−N[(C1−C40)ヒドロカルビル]−、または−P[(C1−C40)ヒドロカルビル]−であり、
Rxが、以下、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)ヒドロカルビル、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)ヘテロヒドロカルビル、−Si(RC)3、−OSi(RC)3−Ge(RC)3、−P(RC)2、−N(RC)2、−ORC、−SRC、−NO2、−CN、−CF3、−OCF3、−S(O)RC、−S(O)2RC、−N=C(RC)2、−OC(O)RC、−C(O)ORC、−N(R)C(O)RC、−C(O)N(RC)2、ハロゲン、または水素から選択され、式中、各RCが独立して、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヒドロカルビル、または置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヘテロヒドロカルビルであり、
Ryが、以下、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)ヒドロカルビル、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)ヘテロヒドロカルビル、−Si(RC)3、−OSi(RC)3、−Ge(RC)3、−P(RC)2、−N(RC)2、−ORC、−SRC、−NO2、−CN、−CF3、−OCF3、−S(O)RC、−S(O)2RC、−N=C(RC)2、−OC(O)RC、−C(O)ORC、−N(R)C(O)RC、−C(O)N(RC)2、ハロゲン、または水素から選択され、式中、各RCが独立して、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヒドロカルビル、または置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヘテロヒドロカルビルであり、
Rxが水素である場合、Ryが水素ではなく、Ryが水素である場合、Rxが水素ではなく、
Rx及びRyが、環構造を随意に形成してもよく、
R1a、R2a、R3a、R4a、R1b、R2b、R3b、R4b、R5c、R6c、R7c、R8c、R5d、R6d、R7d、及びR8dが各々独立して、以下、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)−ヒドロカルビル、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)ヘテロヒドロカルビル、−Si(RC)3、−OSi(RC)3、−Ge(RC)3、−P(RC)2、−N(RC)2、−ORC、−SRC、−NO2、−CN、−CF3、−OCF3、−S(O)RC、−S(O)2RC、−N=C(RC)2、−OC(O)RC、−C(O)ORC、−N(R)C(O)RC、−C(O)N(RC)2、ハロゲン、または水素から選択され、式中、各RCが独立して、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヒドロカルビル、または置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヘテロヒドロカルビルであり、
式1について、1つ以上の水素原子が、重水素で随意に置換されてもよく、
式1について、R1a、R2a、R3a、R4a、R1b、R2b、R3b、R4b、R5c、R6c、R7c、R8c、R5d、R6d、R7d、及びR8dのうちの2つ以上が、1つ以上の環構造を随意に形成してもよい、方法を提供する。
本発明のホモポリマー、インターポリマー、またはコポリマーを調製するために、エチレン及び/または選択されるアルファ−オレフィンモノマー(複数可)が、バッチ生産、半連続生産、または連続生産に好適な反応器に供給され、そこで、かかるモノマー(複数可)が触媒と接触する。コポリマーの調製の場合、エチレン/アルファ−オレフィン反応性比がいずれの所与の触媒によってはっきりと異なり、目標とするコポリマー組成物を達成するのに必要なアルファ−オレフィンの量を決定するための方法を提供することに留意する。反応性比は、周知の理論的手法を使用して決定することができるか、または実際の重合データから経験的に導出することができる。好適な理論的手法は、例えば、B.G.Kyle,Chemical and Process Thermodynamics,3rd ed.,Prentice−Hall(Englewood Cliffs,NJ 1999)、及びG.Soave,“Redlich−Kwong−Soave(RKS)Equation of State,”Chemical Engineering Science,1972,vol.27,pp 1197−1203に記載されている。市販のソフトウェアプログラムを使用して、実験的に導出されたデータからの反応性比の導出を支援することができる。かかるソフトウェアの一例は、Aspen Technology,Inc.(Ten Canal Park,Cambridge,Massachusetts 02141−2201,USA)のAspen Plusである。一実施形態では、コポリマー中のアルファ−オレフィンの目標量は、重合モノマーの総モルに基づいて、1〜30モルパーセント(mol%)、より好ましくは、1〜25mol%、さらにより好ましくは、1〜20mol%の範囲である。
本エチレン系ポリマーは、エチレンホモポリマー、エチレン系インターポリマー、またはエチレン系コポリマーであり得る。
直鎖状のインターポリマー、さらにコポリマー、または均一に分岐した実質的に直鎖状のインターポリマー、さらにコポリマーである。好適なα−オレフィンについては、上述されている。
発明組成物は、1つ以上の添加物をさらに含み得る。典型的には、ポリマー及び樹脂は、1つ以上の安定剤、例えば、酸化防止剤、例えば、各々BASFにより供給される、IRGANOX 1010、IRGANOX 1076、及びIRGAFOS 168で処理される。ポリマーは、典型的には、押出または他の溶融プロセスの前に1つ以上の安定剤で処理される。他の添加物としては、紫外線吸収剤、帯電防止剤、色素及び染料、核化剤、充填剤、スリップ剤、難燃剤、可塑剤、加工助剤、潤滑剤、安定剤、煙抑制剤、粘度制御剤、ならびにブロッキング防止剤が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。発明組成物は、1つ以上の熱可塑性ポリマーも含有し得る。
反対のことが述べられない限り、すべての試験方法は、本開示の出願日の時点で最新のものである。
溶融粘度
Brookfieldデジタル粘度計(モデルDV−III、バージョン3)及び使い捨てアルミニウム試料チャンバを使用して、溶融粘度をASTM D 3236(177℃、350°F)に従って測定する。スピンドルは、10〜100,000センチポアズ(cP)の範囲の粘度の測定に好適なSC−31ホットメルトスピンドルである。試料をチャンバ内に注ぎ、次いで、Brookfield Thermosel内に挿入し、所定の位置に固定する。試料チャンバは、Brookfield Thermoselの底部に適合する刻み目を底部に有し、スピンドルが挿入されて回転するときにチャンバの向きを変えさせないことを確実にする。溶融された試料が試料チャンバの上部の約1インチ下になるまで、試料(およそ8〜10グラムの樹脂)を要求温度まで加熱する。粘度計装置を下げ、スピンドルを試料チャンバ内に沈める。粘度計上のブラケットがThermosel上に整列するまで下げ続ける。粘度計をオンにし、ある剪断速度で動作するように設定し、粘度計の出力rpmに基づいて全トルク容量の40〜60パーセントの範囲のトルク読み取り値をもたらす。毎分約15分間、または値が安定するまで読み取り値を取り、その時点で最終読み取り値を記録する。
エチレン系ポリマーのメルトインデックス(I2、またはMI)を、ASTM D−1238、条件190℃/2.16kgに従って測定する。高I2ポリマー(200g/モル以上のI2)の場合、メルトインデックスを、好ましくは、米国特許第6,335,410号、同第6,054,544号、同第6,723,810号に記載されるように、Brookfield粘度から計算する。I2(190℃/2.16kg)=3.6126[10(log−(η)6.6928)/−1.1363]−9.3185l(式中、ηは、溶融粘度(cP単位、350°F)である。)
Polymer LaboratoriesのモデルPL−210またはPolymer LaboratoriesのモデルPL−220のいずれかからなるクロマトグラフシステムを用いて、エチレン系ポリマーの平均分子量及び分子量分布を決定する。エチレン系ポリマーの場合、カラム及びカルーセルコンパートメントを140℃で動作させる。カラムは、Polymer Laboratoriesの10ミクロンのMixed−Bカラムである。溶媒は、1,2,4−トリクロロ−ベンゼンである。試料を「50ミリリットル」の溶媒中「0.1グラムのポリマー」の濃度で調製する。試料を調製するために使用される溶媒は、「200ppmのブチル化ヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)」を含有する。160℃で2時間軽く撹拌することにより、試料を調製する。注入体積は「100マイクロリットル」であり、流速は「1.0ミリリットル/分」である。Polymer Laboratories(UK)から購入される「狭い分子量分布」のポリスチレン標準物を用いて、GPCカラムセットの較正を行う。以下の等式(Williams and Ward,J.Polym.Sci.,Polym.Let.,6,621(1968)に記載される)を使用して、ポリスチレン標準物ピーク分子量をポリエチレン分子量に変換する。
Mポリエチレン=A×(Mポリスチレン)B
式中、Mは分子量であり、Aは0.4315の値を有し、Bは1.0に等しい。
示差走査熱量測定(DSC)を使用して、エチレン(PE)系ポリマー試料及びプロピレン(PP)系ポリマー試料の結晶化度を測定する。約5〜8ミリグラムの試料を秤量し、DSCパン内に設置する。蓋をパン上に圧着して、閉鎖雰囲気を確実にする。試料パンをDSCセル内に設置し、その後、およそ10℃/分の速度で、PEの場合180℃(PPの場合230℃)の温度まで加熱する。試料をこの温度で3分間保持する。その後、試料を10℃/分の速度で、PEの場合−60℃(PPの場合−40℃)まで冷却し、この温度で3分間等温保持する。次に、完全に溶融するまで試料を10℃/分の速度で加熱する(第2の加熱)。第2の加熱曲線から決定される融解熱(Hf)をPEの場合292J/g(PPの場合165J/g)の理論的融解熱で除して、この量に100を乗じることにより、結晶化度パーセントを計算する(例えば、PEの場合、結晶化度%=(Hf/292J/g)×100、PPの場合、結晶化度%=(Hf/165J/g)×100)。
密度について測定されるポリマー試料をASTM D−1928に従って調製する。ASTM D−792、方法Bを使用して、試料加圧の1時間以内に測定を行う。
共触媒1:(トリス−ペンタフルオロフェニルボラン)−Boulder Scientificにより供給されたもの
共触媒2:(修飾メタルミノキサン)(MMAO−3A)−Akzo−Nobelにより供給されたもの
共触媒3:(ビス−水素化獣脂アルキルメチルアンモニウムテトラキス−ペンタフルオロフェニルボレート)−Boulder Scientificにより供給されたもの
2ガロンのバッチ反応器に、1300gのISOPAR−E溶媒ならびに一定量の1−オクテン及び水素を装填した。その後、反応器を所望の圧力までエチレンで加圧した。触媒成分をドライボックス内で一緒に混合し、その後、ポンプを通して反応器に添加した。反応の終わりに、反応器の内容物を収集容器に流し込み、真空オーブン内で乾燥させ、さらなる分析のために収集した。結果を表1及び2に示す。
すべての連続実験を液体で満たされた5リットルのジャケット付き撹拌槽反応器内で行い、50バール及び250℃で評価した。エチレン、溶媒、水素、及びオクテンを供給ライン内で混合し、表3A及び4Aに列記される量で反応器の底部に連続様式で供給した。別個のラインを通して触媒成分及び共触媒成分を反応器に流し込んだ。添加する触媒成分の量を制御して、反応器出口ライン上でFTIRによって測定される、反応器に供給されたエチレンの92%を変換した。熱油で加熱した外部ジャケットにより反応器温度を所望の設定点に制御した。反応器を出た時点で、溶媒/ポリマー混合物を予熱し、その後、それが脱揮発器に入り、そこで溶媒及び非変換モノマーが除去される。最終乾燥ポリマーをパンに収集し、ポリマー密度、粘度、及び分子量について分析した。ポリマー特性については、表3B及び4Bを参照されたい。
Claims (15)
- 式1から選択される少なくとも1つの分子遷移金属錯体の存在下で、エチレン、及び随意に少なくとも1つのコモノマーを重合することを含む、エチレン系ポリマーを形成する方法であって、
nが、0〜3の整数であり、nが0である場合、Xが不在であり、
各Xが独立して、中性、モノアニオン性、もしくはジアニオン性の単座配位子であるか、または2つのXが一緒になって、中性、モノアニオン性、もしくはジアニオン性の二座配位子を形成し、
X及びnが、前記金属−配位子錯体が中性になるように選択され、
各Z部分が独立して、−O−、−S−、−N[(C1−C40)ヒドロカルビル]−、または−P[(C1−C40)ヒドロカルビル]−であり、
Rxが、以下、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)ヒドロカルビル、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)ヘテロヒドロカルビル、−Si(RC)3、−OSi(RC)3−Ge(RC)3、−P(RC)2、−N(RC)2、−ORC、−SRC、−NO2、−CN、−CF3、−OCF3、−S(O)RC、−S(O)2RC、−N=C(RC)2、−OC(O)RC、−C(O)ORC、−N(R)C(O)RC、−C(O)N(RC)2、ハロゲン、または水素から選択され、式中、各RCが独立して、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヒドロカルビル、または置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヘテロヒドロカルビルであり、
Ryが、以下、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)ヒドロカルビル、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)ヘテロヒドロカルビル、−Si(RC)3、−OSi(RC)3、−Ge(RC)3、−P(RC)2、−N(RC)2、−ORC、−SRC、−NO2、−CN、−CF3、−OCF3、−S(O)RC、−S(O)2RC、−N=C(RC)2、−OC(O)RC、−C(O)ORC、−N(R)C(O)RC、−C(O)N(RC)2、ハロゲン、または水素から選択され、式中、各RCが独立して、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヒドロカルビル、または置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヘテロヒドロカルビルであり、
Rxが水素である場合、Ryが水素ではなく、Ryが水素である場合、Rxが水素ではなく、
Rx及びRyが、環構造を随意に形成してもよく、
R1a、R2a、R3a、R4a、R1b、R2b、R3b、R4b、R5c、R6c、R7c、R8c、R5d、R6d、R7d、及びR8dが各々独立して、以下、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)−ヒドロカルビル、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)ヘテロヒドロカルビル、−Si(RC)3、−OSi(RC)3、−Ge(RC)3、−P(RC)2、−N(RC)2、−ORC、−SRC、−NO2、−CN、−CF3、−OCF3、−S(O)RC、−S(O)2RC、−N=C(RC)2、−OC(O)RC、−C(O)ORC、−N(R)C(O)RC、−C(O)N(RC)2、ハロゲン、または水素から選択され、式中、各RCが独立して、置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヒドロカルビル、または置換もしくは非置換(C1−C30)ヘテロヒドロカルビルであり、
式1について、1つ以上の水素原子が、重水素で随意に置換されてもよく、
式1について、R1a、R2a、R3a、R4a、R1b、R2b、R3b、R4b、R5c、R6c、R7c、R8c、R5d、R6d、R7d、及びR8dのうちの2つ以上が、1つ以上の環構造を随意に形成してもよい、前記方法。 - R3aまたはR3bのうちの少なくとも一方がハロゲンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- RxまたはRyが水素であり、他方が置換もしくは非置換(C1−C40)ヒドロカルビルである、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- RxまたはRyが水素であり、他方が非置換(C1−C20)ヒドロカルビルである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 各Zが−O−(酸素原子)である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- nが2であり、各Xが独立して、アルキルである、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- R5c及びR5dが各々独立して、以下、1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロナフチル、アントラセニル、1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロアントラセニル、1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8−オクタヒドロアントラセニル、フェナントレニル、1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8−オクタヒドロフェナントレニル、2,6−ジメチルフェニル、2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニル、3,5−ジ(tert−ブチル)フェニル、3,5−ジフェニルフェニル、1−ナフチル、2−メチル−1−ナフチル、2−ナフチル、1,2,3,4−テトラ−ヒドロナフト−5−イル、1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロナフト−6−イル、アントラセン−9−イル、1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロ−アントラセン−9−イル、1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8−オクタヒドロアントラセン−9−イル、1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8−オクタヒドロフェナントレン−9−イル、インドリル、インドリニル、キノリニル、1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロキノリニル、イソキノリニル、1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロ−イソキノリニル、カルバゾリル、1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロカルバゾリル、1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8−オクタヒドロカルバゾリル、3,6−ジ(tert−ブチル)−カルバゾール−9−イル、3,6−ジ(tert−オクチル)−カルバゾール−9−イル、3,6−ジフェニルカルバゾール−9−イル、3,6−ビス(2,4,6−トリメチルフェニル)−カルバゾール−9−イル、2,7−ジ(tert−ブチル)−カルバゾール−9−イル、2,7−ジ(tert−オクチル)−カルバゾール−9−イル、2,7−ジフェニルカルバゾール−9−イル、または2,7−ビス(2,4,6−トリメチルフェニル)−カルバゾール−9−イルから選択される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- R7c及びR7dが各々独立して、アルキルである、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- R1a、R2a、R4a、R1b、R2b、R4b、R6c、R8c、R6d、及びR8dが各々、水素である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が170℃以上の重合温度で実行される、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記エチレン系ポリマーが177℃で50,000cP以下の溶融粘度を有する、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記エチレン系ポリマーがエチレン/α−オレフィンコポリマーである、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 式1が、以下の構造a)〜dd)、
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法から形成されるエチレン系ポリマー。
- 請求項14に記載のエチレン系ポリマーを含む組成物。
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ES2769005T3 (es) | 2020-06-24 |
US9975975B2 (en) | 2018-05-22 |
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