JP2017516865A - パラトニアの治療における使用のためのボツリヌス毒素 - Google Patents
パラトニアの治療における使用のためのボツリヌス毒素 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017516865A JP2017516865A JP2017516010A JP2017516010A JP2017516865A JP 2017516865 A JP2017516865 A JP 2017516865A JP 2017516010 A JP2017516010 A JP 2017516010A JP 2017516010 A JP2017516010 A JP 2017516010A JP 2017516865 A JP2017516865 A JP 2017516865A
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Abstract
Description
被験者
試験は、2011年1月に開始され、2013年3月に終了した。アルツハイマー病(AD)、脳血管性認知症(VaD)、前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)、または特定不能(NOS)の混合型認知症の結果として起こる重篤な認知障害を有し、パラトニアによる硬直を(両)腕に有することから介護の提供が困難な、パラトニア評価ツール(PAI)(Hobbelen et al.,Int.Psychoger.2008,20:840−852)のスコアが>3である被験者を対象とした。除外基準には、緊張亢進状態を示す別の病因、たとえば強剛やジストニアを示すパーキンソン症候群、既知の脳卒中やその他の局所神経障害、患肢の固定性拘縮(他動的関節可動域が全くないと臨床的に評価されたもの)、または過去6か月以内のボツリヌス毒素注射を含めた。この試験は、ベイクレスト老人医療センターの倫理審査委員会によって承認された。被験者全員について、その代諾者(POA)から、書面によるインフォームドコンセントを得た。
この試験は、16週間ずつの2つの治療サイクル(計32週)からなる単施設プラセボ対照ランダム化二重盲検クロスオーバー試験であった(図1参照)。ベースラインの評価ならびに第0週および第16週における注射の後、第2週、第6週および第12週において評価を行った。この試験はクロスオーバー試験であるため、各被験者は、ランダムに割り付けられた治療の順序に従って、実薬とプラセボとを、いずれも投与された。
主要評価項目は介護者負担感尺度(CBS)であり、副次的評価項目には他動的関節可動域(PROM)、総合評価尺度(GAS)、視覚的アナログ尺度(VAS)、および重度認知症における疼痛評価(PAINAD)が含まれていた。
介護者負担感尺度(CBS)
ベースライン、ならびに第2週、第6週、第12週、第16週、第18週、第22週、第28週および第32週において、介護者の負担感を、手掌の清拭、爪切り、更衣、および腋窩の清拭に関する機能尺度である介護者負担感尺度(CBS)を用いて評価した。この評価では、0(困難は全くない)から4(ケアを遂行できない)までの5段階のリッカート尺度を使用し、各項目のスコアを足し合わせて合計CBSスコア(0〜16点)とした(Bhakta et al.,J.Neurol.,Neurosurg.and Psych.2000,69:217−221)。
他動的関節可動域(PROM)(関節角度測定)
再診の度に、治療の総合的な効果を、介護者が総合評価尺度(GAS)を用いて評価した。この尺度は、総合的な機能状態の改善または悪化を治療前と比較して評価するものであるため、ベースラインの測定は行わない。これは、−4(=症状の著しい悪化)から0(=変化なし)、+4(=兆候および症状の完全な消失)の範囲で評価を行うものである(Ashford S.and Turner−Stokes L.,Physiother.Res.Int.2006,11:24−34)。
治療が患者の疼痛を軽減したかどうかを評価するために、モーニングケアの実施中に、重度認知症における疼痛評価(PAINAD)ツール(Warden et al.,JAMDA 2003,4:9−15)を使用した。PAINADスケールは、5つの項目(呼吸、否定的な発語、表情、ボディーランゲージおよび安心感や気が晴れる様子)からなり、0〜2点で評価した後、足し合わせて合計スコアを得る。各週2日間のスコアの平均を取った。介護職員がモーニングケアを行う間、研究者がその様子を観察してPAINADスコアを記録した。
試験の責任医師は、毎回の評価において、有害事象の評価を行った。重篤な有害事象は、致命的であるもの、生命に危険を及ぼすもの、身体に障害を与えるもの、あるいは入院を必要とするものと定義された。有害事象は、被験者の介護者によって報告されるあらゆる事象とした。
この試験では、事前の分析に基づき10人の被験者を選択した。この事前分析は、様々な標準偏差(SD=0.5、1、1.5、または2)を想定した場合に、5段階リッカート尺度におけるベースラインと第6週との間の0.5〜1.5の平均値差を70〜80%の検定力で検出できるものであった。これにより、サンプルサイズが比較的小さくても、治療により得られた臨床的に意味のある測定値の変化を検出することができた。
被験者
試験には、10人の被験者が参加した。被験者のベースラインにおける人口統計情報を表1に示す。被験者は、それぞれの治療シーケンスにランダムに割り付けられた。2つの治療シーケンスのそれぞれに割り付けられた被験者の特性に有意な差はなかった(表2参照)。ボツリヌス毒素−プラセボシーケンスに割り付けられた被験者のうち1名(被験者4)は、試験の第10週に死亡した。この被験者については、第6週までのデータのみを収集し、利用した。
注射されたインコボツリヌムトキシンAの配分および投与量を表3に示す。
介護者の負担
CBSスコアのグラフによる評価では、インコボツリヌムトキシンAの注射後の第2〜6週において平均合計スコアおよび平均サブスコアの低下(改善)が確認された(ピーク効果)(図2参照)。注射から2〜6週間後の治療効果を評価した混合効果回帰モデルでは、CBSを含むほとんどの項目において、インコボツリヌムトキシンAの顕著な治療効果が確認された(表4参照)。
級内相関係数(ICC)に基づく推定によれば、本試験で使用した評価項目はいずれも信頼できるものであった。ICCはCBSにおいて特に高く、合計スコアと更衣サブスコアはいずれも、第1日および第2日の評価で、ほぼ完全な再現性を示した。清拭のスコア、関節角度測定、GAS、VASおよびPAINADもまた、高い信頼性を示した(表5参照)。
試験参加者の介護者による有害作用の報告はなかった。被験者の1人(被験者4)は、最初の注射(治療時期)の10週間後に死亡した。これは自然死であり、ボツリヌス毒素の注射とは無関係と見なされた。
Claims (10)
- パラトニアの治療における使用のためのボツリヌス毒素。
- パラトニアが、PAI(パラトニア評価ツール)のスコア3以上であると診断されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の使用のためのボツリヌス毒素。
- パラトニアが上肢および/または下肢を侵していることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の使用のためのボツリヌス毒素。
- パラトニアが、アルツハイマー病(AD)、脳血管性認知症(VaD)、レビー小体型認知症(DLB)、前頭側頭型認知症(FTD)、皮質下血管性認知症(SVD)、または特定不能(NOS)の混合型認知症の結果として起こる認知障害に関連するものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのボツリヌス毒素。
- ボツリヌス毒素が筋肉内注射によって局所投与されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのボツリヌス毒素。
- ボツリヌス毒素が約10〜700単位の量で投与されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのボツリヌス毒素。
- ボツリヌス毒素がA型、B型、C1型、D型、E型、F型、G型およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのボツリヌス毒素。
- ボツリヌス毒素がA型ボツリヌス毒素であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の使用のためのボツリヌス毒素。
- ボツリヌス毒素がボツリヌス毒素複合体、またはボツリヌス毒素複合体の神経毒素成分であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の使用のためのボツリヌス毒素。
- 患者の筋肉に治療有効量のボツリヌス毒素を局所投与することを含む、患者のパラトニアを治療する方法。
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