JP2017510347A - 連続的分析物監視のためのセンサ及び関連方法 - Google Patents
連続的分析物監視のためのセンサ及び関連方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1486—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase
- A61B5/14865—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using enzyme electrodes, e.g. with immobilised oxidase invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
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- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
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Abstract
Description
出願データシートに特定されるありとあらゆる優先権の主張またはそれに対するあらゆる補正は、37 CFR 1.57の下に参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。本出願は、2014年4月10日に出願された米国出願第14/250,320号及び2014年4月10日に出願された米国出願第14/250,341号の利益を主張する。前述の出願は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれ、本明細書において明示的に本明細書の一部をなす。
本明細書に記載される実施形態は、別個のアプリケータを使用せずに、すなわち、センサデバイスそのもの以外を用いることなく、経皮センサをホストに直接挿入するための種々の機序を提供する。ワイヤ、特に細いワイヤ状の幾何形状を有する経皮センサ(例えば、電極)の直接押圧挿入は、センサと関連する座屈の危険性のため、技術的に困難であり得る。センサの直接押圧挿入はまた、挿入プロセス中にセンサの上に配置された膜を損傷することに関連する課題も呈する。膜を保護しなければ、膜は、挿入プロセス中にセンサから剥がれ落ちるか、または機械的損傷を受け得る。センサの先端部に露出した金属(または他の導電性材料)を有さないようにすることも望ましく、これは、露出した金属が、電気活性であり得、バックグラウンドシグナル(ノイズ)を加える、及び/またはセンサの感度を変動させ得るためである。本明細書に記載される実施形態は、経皮センサの直接挿入のための構造的支持(例えば、カラム強度等の機械的/構造的特性の形態で)を提供することができ、挿入プロセス中の損傷から膜を保護することができる、小型センサデバイスを提供することによって、前述の課題を克服するように設計される。
センサデバイス100の組織刺入要素108は、ホストの皮膚104に刺入し、センサ本体110をホストの組織に挿入するための通路を開き、それを画定するように構成される。一部の実施形態では、組織刺入要素108は、支持部材112と一体化している場合がある。他の実施形態では、組織刺入要素108は、別個の構成要素であってもよい。そのような実施形態では、組織刺入要素108は、接着剤等を用いて支持部材112に固定され得る。あるいは、組織刺入要素108は、支持部材112及び/または膜114の平滑な遠位面に、単に当接していてもよい。そのような実施形態では、外側のスリーブまたはバンド(示されない)が、組織刺入要素108と支持部材112/膜114との接合点を包囲してもよい。
従来的なグルコースセンサは、電流をナノAmp範囲で測定する。従来的なグルコースセンサとは対照的に、好ましい実施形態は、ピコAmp範囲で電流を測定し、一部の実施形態ではフェムトAmpで測定するように構成される。すなわち、測定されたグルコースの全ての単位(mg/dL)に関して、少なくとも1ピコAmpの電流が測定される。一部の実施形態では、約1、2、3、4、または5ピコAmp〜約25、50、100、250、または500ピコAmpの電流が、測定されたグルコースの全ての単位(mg/dl)に関して測定される。
種々の生物活性剤が、流体の流入または流出を促進することが知られている。したがって、生物活性剤を膜に組み込むことにより、流体バルク(fluid bulk)、バルク流体流(bulk fluid flow)、及び/または拡散速度を増加させ(さらにグルコース及び酸素の流入を促進し)、それによって一定でないノイズを減少させることができる。一部の実施形態では、流体バルク及び/またはバルク流体流は、1つ以上の生物活性剤を組み込むことによりセンサで(例えば、センサの外表面のそばで)増加する。一部の実施形態では、センサは、創傷を刺激し(irritate)、創傷部位に局所的な流体の流入を引き起こすことが知られている可溶性媒介物質の放出を刺激する(stimulate)、生物活性剤を含むように構成される。一部の実施形態では、センサは、血管構造から局所的な流体の流入を引き起こし得る、血管拡張性生物活性剤を含むように構成される。
一定でないノイズは、一部の実施形態では、創傷抑制(例えば、センサ挿入中の)によって減少させることができる。創傷抑制には、センサ挿入時に発生する創傷の量が低減及び/または排除される、任意のシステムまたは方法が含まれる。理論に束縛されることを望むものではないが、創傷が抑制されるか、または少なくとも大幅に低減されれば、センサは実質的に正常な組織(例えば、センサ挿入前の組織に実質的に類似する組織)で包囲されることになると考えられる。実質的に正常な組織は、創傷を受けた組織よりも低い代謝を有し、より少ない干渉物質を生成し、初期のノイズを低減すると考えられる。
上述のもの等のセンサは、画鋲に似ているため、「画鋲」センサと呼ばれることがある。本実施形態の一態様は、画鋲センサが、センサの全寿命にわたり、組織に埋め込まれたままとなる鋭利化された先端部を含むという認識を含む。鋭利化された先端部を長期間体内に残しておくことは、周辺組織に外傷を引き起こし得、瘢痕化及び創傷治癒の阻害をもたらす。本実施形態のうちのいくつかは、この問題に対する解決策を提供する。一部の実施形態では、先端部は、埋め込み式センサセッションの間に、例えば、約3、5、7、または10日以内に、溶解するように構成される。
溶解性針
本実施形態の一態様は、分析物センサの膜の材料が軟質であり、センサが組織内を前進するときに剥離する傾向にあるという認識を含む。この問題は、センサがまず膜でコーティングされた後に、先端部が鋭利化されるプロセスによって形成されるセンサで特に深刻である。このプロセスは、センサ本体を露出させ、センサ本体の先端部に、側面を包囲する薄い膜のコーティングを残す。本実施形態のうちのいくつかは、この問題に対する解決策を提供する。
本明細書に記載される実施形態のいずれにおいても、センサ本体(例えば、ワイヤ)は、刺激に応答して少なくとも1つの特性を変化させる、1つ以上の「刺激応答性材料」であり得る。例えば、センサ本体は、形状記憶金属(またはTi等のより剛性な金属)及び/または形状記憶ポリマーであり得る。そのような実施形態では、センサ本体は、第1の状態にある間、曲線状または直線状であり得る第1の構成で保持され得る。挿入プロセス中またはその後に、ワイヤは、曲線状または直線状であり得る第2の状態に移行する。
本明細書に記載されるある特定の実施形態は、別個のアプリケータを使用せずに、すなわち、センサデバイスそのもの以外を用いることなく、経皮センサをホストに直接挿入するための種々の機序を提供する。ワイヤ、特に細いワイヤ状の幾何形状を有する経皮センサ(例えば、電極)の直接押圧挿入は、センサと関連する座屈の危険性のため、技術的に困難であり得る。センサの直接押圧挿入はまた、挿入プロセス中にセンサの上に配置された膜を損傷することに関連する課題も呈する。膜を保護しなければ、膜は、挿入プロセス中にセンサから剥がれ落ちるか、または機械的損傷を受け得る。センサの先端部に露出した金属(または他の導電性材料)を有さないようにすることも望ましく、これは、露出した金属が、電気活性であり得、バックグラウンドシグナル(ノイズ)を加える、及び/またはセンサの感度を変動させ得るためである。本明細書に記載される実施形態は、皮下センサの直接挿入のために(例えば、カラム強度等の機械的/構造的特性の形態で)構造的支持を提供することができ、挿入プロセス中の損傷から膜を保護することができる小型センサデバイスを提供することによって、前述の課題を克服するように設計される。
製造技法
図35〜37を参照すると、センサを作製するプロセスは、鋭利化された遠位浸漬部の形成前にセンサ加工部材に膜をコーティングする、上述の第1のアプローチを採用する。このプロセスは、膜コーティング1184を有する導電性ワイヤ1182を伴う。ワイヤ1182は、本明細書の他の箇所に開示される任意の導電性材料を含むがこれらに限定されない、導電性材料であり得る。代替的な実施形態では、図35〜37に示されるものに類似のプロセスは、裸ワイヤ1182(すなわち、上に膜がない)と、ワイヤ1182に膜1184を適用するステップとを伴い得る。図36を参照すると、膜コーティングワイヤ1188の遠位端1186が研削されて、鋭利な先端部1190が得られる。あるいは、鋭利な先端部1190は、本明細書または他の箇所に開示される任意の他の鋭利化、切断、または切り離し技法を含む、研削以外のプロセスによって得られてもよい。研削または他の処理を通じて、センサワイヤ1182の遠位端1186が露出される。
号、米国特許公開第2012−0130214−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0172691−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0179014−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0186581−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0190953−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0191063−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0203467−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0209098−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0215086−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0215087−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0215201−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0215461−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0215462−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0215496−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0220979−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0226121−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0228134−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0238852−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0245448−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0245855−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0255875−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0258748−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0259191−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0260323−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0262298−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0265035−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0265036−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0265037−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0277562−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0277566−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0283541−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0283543−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0296311−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0302854−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0302855−A1号、米国特許公開第2012−0323100−A1号、米国特許公開第2013−0012798−A1号、米国特許公開第2013−0030273−A1号、米国特許公開第2013−0035575−A1号、米国特許公開第2013−0035865−A1号、米国特許公開第2013−0035871−A1号、米国特許公開第2005−0056552−A1号、及び米国特許公開第2005−0182451−A1号に開示される。
102 体内部分
104 皮膚
106 体外部分
108 組織刺入要素
110 センサ本体
112 支持部材
114 膜
116 皮膚接触型載置ユニット
122 基部
124 接着層
126 先端部
128 近位面
140 膜
310 組織刺入要素
312 ポケット
314 センサ
330 支持部材
332 陥凹部
334 窓部分
400 センサ
408 溶解性先端部
412 センサ本体
414 膜
418 組織繊維コーティング先端部
426 センサ本体先端部
500 センサ
502 針
504 管腔
506 溶解性組織刺入先端部
700 センサユニット
702 センサ本体
704 膜
708 先端部
802 センサ本体
804 膜
808 先端部
900 硬化剤
902 膜
904 センサ本体
906 センサユニット
908 皮膚
910 先端部
1000 センサ
1002 導電性コアワイヤ
1004 非導電性ジャケット
1006 導電性構成要素
1008、1010 電極
1012 導電性トレース
1016 遠位端
1020 センサ
1022、1024、1026 電極
1028 非導電性層
1040 センサ
1042 コアワイヤ
1044、1048 電極
1046 基材
1060 センサ
1062 重なり領域
1064、1066 縁部
1070 センサ
1072 導入シース
1074 膜
1076 組織刺入要素
1078 センサ本体
1080、1082 センサ
1084、1086 トラフ
1085 遠位端
1088、1090 外周囲
1102 センサ
1104 保護シース
1106 センサ先端部
1108 センサ
1110 貫通穴
1112 膜
1114 組織刺入遠位先端部
1116 センサ
1118 くぼみ
1120 センサ
1122 窪み
1124 膜
1126 外層
1128 センサ
1130 センサ本体
1132 膜
1134 保護外層
1136 先端部
1138 センサ
1140 外層
1142 窓
1144 センサ
1146 ワイヤ
1148 外側コーティング
1150 窓
1152 膜
1154 高透過性外層
1156 センサ
1158 膜
1160 外表面
1161 膜
1162 遠位先端部
1163 センサ加工部材
1164 ワイヤ
1165 ビーズ
1166 膜
1167 先端部
1168 チャネル
1170 先端部
1172 保護外層
1174 ワイヤストック
1176 膜コーティング
1178 リール
1180 レーザ
1182 導電性ワイヤ
1184 膜
1186 遠位端
1188 膜コーティングワイヤ
1190 先端部
1192 コーティング
1194 センサワイヤ
1196 遠位先端部
1198 膜
1200 遠位端
1202 露出部分
1204 センサ
1206 溶液
1208 ビーズ
1210 遠位端
1212 繊維体
1214 ワイヤ
1216 膜コーティング
1218 そう
1220 末端キャップ
1224 ワイヤ
1226 膜コーティング
1228 膜
1230 剛性コーティング
1232 先端部
1234 センサ
1236 センサ本体
1238 刺入先端部
1240 遠位端
1242 近位端
1244 膜
1246 コーティング
1248 後退式導入シース
1250 センサ
1252 センサ本体
1254 膜
1256 先端部
1258 遠位端
1260 近位端
1262 後退式導入シース
1264 センサ
1266 センサ本体
1268 膜
1269 センサ
1270 先端部
1271 コアワイヤ
1273 電気絶縁層
1277 遠位先端部
1275 間隙
1279 導電層
1280 膜
1284 センサ
1286 センサ本体
1288 膜
1290 複数の層
1292 センサ
1294 センサ本体
1296 遠位先端部
1298 膜
1300 センサ
1302 センサ本体
1304 遠位先端部
1306 膜
1310 溶媒
1312 センサ
1314 センサ本体
1316 先端部
1320 剥離剤
1322 センサ
1324 センサ本体
1326 先端部
1328 犠牲材料
1330 膜
1332 センサ
1334 センサ本体
1336 遠位先端部
1338 膜
1340 センサ
1342 センサ本体
1344 遠位先端部
1346 膜溶液
1348 センサ
1350 センサ本体
1352 遠位先端部
1354 環状チャネル
1356 縁部
1360 膜
1362 センサ
1364 センサ本体
1366 コア
1368 外層
1370、1372 帯
1374 遠位先端部
1376、1376’ キャップ
1380 ワイヤストック
1382 上記
1384 遠位端
1386 ワイヤ
1388 化学物質
1390 先端部
1394 センサワイヤ
1396 研磨表面
1398 先端部
1400 斜角
1402 センサワイヤ
1404 内側コア
1406 外層
1408 露出部分
1410 センサワイヤ
1412 ポリマー材料
1414 先端部
1416 センサワイヤ
1418 槽
1420 浸漬コーティング
1422 先端部
1424 センサワイヤ
1426 センサ本体
1428 膜
1430 先端部
1431 センサ加工部材
1432 型
1433 造形要素
1434 PCB
1436 外側コア
1438 先端部
1440 窓
1442 センサ
1444 膜
1446 センサ
1448 センサ本体
1450 遠位端
1452 刺入先端部
1454 近位端
1456 センサ
1457 電極
1458 MEMS基材
1459 導電性トレース
1460 刺入先端部
1462 膜
1470 センサワイヤ
1472 中間領域
1474 抵抗加熱要素
1476 加熱領域
1478、1478’ センサワイヤ
1480、1480’ 切断刃
1482、1484 表面
1486、1486’ 切断部
1488、1488’ 刺入先端部
1490、1490’ センサワイヤ
Claims (21)
- ホストにおける分析物の濃度を測定するためのセンサデバイスであって、前記センサデバイスが、インサータを使用することなく前記ホストに埋め込むように構成され、
センサ本体、少なくとも1つの電極、及び前記少なくとも1つの電極の少なくとも一部分を被覆する膜を備える、センサユニットと、
前記センサユニットの遠位端にあり、前記ホストの皮膚及び/または組織に刺入するように構成される、刺入要素と、
前記センサの先端部から離れており、前記ホストの皮膚の外表面で前記センサデバイスを支持するように構成される、載置ユニットと、を備え、
前記センサ本体が、刺激に応答して、少なくとも1つの材料特性を変化させる刺激応答性材料を含む、前記センサデバイス。 - 前記少なくとも1つの材料特性が、硬度、形状、透過性、相対的親水性、弾性係数、またはポリマー配向の高次構造のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- 前記センサ本体が、体外では硬性であり、体内では軟性である、請求項2に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1つの材料特性の前記変化を誘発する前記刺激は、温度、水和、放射線、電気刺激、または磁界のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- 前記センサ本体が、ポリマーである、請求項1に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- 前記センサ本体が、ポリウレタン、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリアクリレート、もしくはポリエーテル、またはこれらのコポリマーである、請求項5に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- 前記刺激応答性材料が、形状記憶金属である、請求項1に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- 前記形状記憶金属が、銅−アルミニウム−ニッケル(Cu−Al−Ni)、ニッケル−チタン(NiTi)、鉄−マンガン−シリコン(Fe−Mn−Si)、または銅−亜鉛−アルミニウム(Cu−Zn−Al)である、請求項7に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- 前記センサ本体が、前記ホストの皮膚への挿入前に第1の形状を画定する、請求項1に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- 前記センサ本体が、記憶された形状を画定し、前記センサ本体が、前記ホストの皮膚への挿入後に前記記憶された形状に戻る、請求項9に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- 前記第1の形状が、曲線状または直線状であり、前記記憶された形状が、曲線状または直線状である、請求項10に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- 前記センサ本体が前記記憶された形状に戻るとき、蓄積されたバネエネルギーが、前記センサ本体から放出される、請求項10に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- 前記放出されたバネエネルギーが、前記ホストの皮膚への刺入を促進する、ホイッピング動作(whipping action)を生み出す、請求項12に記載の前記センサデバイス。
- インサータを使用することなくホストに埋め込むように構成されるセンサデバイスを作製する方法であって、
センサ本体、少なくとも1つの電極、及び前記少なくとも1つの電極の少なくとも一部分を被覆する膜を含むセンサユニットに、刺入先端部を形成することを含み、
前記膜が、前記センサユニットに前記刺入先端部を形成する前に前記センサユニットに適用される、前記方法。 - 前記センサユニットに前記膜を適用することをさらに含む、請求項14に記載の前記方法。
- 前記刺入先端部を形成することが、前記膜でコーティングされたワイヤの外周に環状チャネルを形成することを含む、請求項14に記載の前記方法。
- 前記環状チャネルが、前記膜を通って部分的に前記ワイヤ内に延在する、請求項16に記載の前記方法。
- 前記コーティングされたワイヤに張力を適用することをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の前記方法。
- 前記張力が、前記環状チャネルに近接する前記ワイヤに歪みを誘発し、前記ワイヤのネッキング及び破断を引き起こす、請求項18に記載の前記方法。
- 前記ネッキングにより、前記センサ本体に前記刺入先端部が形成される、請求項19に記載の前記方法。
- 前記刺入先端部を保護外層で被覆することをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の前記方法。
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AU2015244292C1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
EP4257044A2 (en) | 2023-10-11 |
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JP7407775B2 (ja) | 2024-01-04 |
EP3128902A1 (en) | 2017-02-15 |
JP6925804B2 (ja) | 2021-08-25 |
CA2936773C (en) | 2024-01-09 |
FI3128902T3 (fi) | 2023-11-16 |
JP2021178200A (ja) | 2021-11-18 |
JP2023160935A (ja) | 2023-11-02 |
WO2015156966A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
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AU2021229120A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
AU2018203792A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
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AU2021229120B2 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
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