JP2017216166A - Vehicular lighting fixture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicular lighting fixture which is applicable as a high mount stop lamp which does not block a rear visual field of a driver, by making the best use of the characteristics of an organic electroluminescent element, which has high emission luminance and which has achieved low power consumption and longer lifetime.SOLUTION: In a vehicular lighting fixture, an organic electroluminescent element is installed on a rear window surface of a vehicle, and the vehicular lighting fixture emits light to the vehicle rear side. The organic electroluminescent element has a light emitting part which emits light from one surface and a light permeable non-light emitting part alternately in a stripe-manner. The rear window at least has a wiring region for electrical wiring or communication wiring, and the light emitting part is at least installed on the wiring region.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicular lamp. More specifically, the present invention can be applied as a high-mount stop lamp that does not obstruct the driver's rear view by taking advantage of the characteristics of the organic electroluminescence element, and has high emission brightness, low power consumption, and long life. The present invention relates to a vehicular lamp.

As one of the tail lights of conventional vehicles, a high mount stop lamp (High Mount Stop Lamp) using an LED (light emitting diode);
Hereinafter, it is abbreviated as “HMSL”. A type of control light (braking lamp). ) Is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, since the LED is a point light source, a reflector for uniformly illuminating the HMSL and a light guide plate with a diffusing function are required, the device tends to be thick, and the part to which the HMSL is attached is non-transparent Therefore, there was a problem of narrowing the field of view of the driver (driver).

  Further, even when the reflection plate or the light guide plate is used, there is a problem that the luminance cannot be made uniform in the HMSL plane, and the visibility at the time of light emission is poor.

  Therefore, the use of an organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter also referred to as an organic EL element) as a technique for making HMSL thin and transparent has been studied.

  As an example, in Patent Document 2, a cathode (cathode) of an organic EL element is patterned in a stripe shape, whereby a light emitting portion (for example, a portion where the cathode is disposed) and a transparent portion (for example, a portion where the cathode is not disposed) 2), and a technique for ensuring transparency by making the line width / space (L / S) of the patterned cathode very fine. According to the patent document, the stripe-shaped line width is optimally set to a width of about 300 μm, for example, when the distance between the driver and the HMSL is 2 m, and an HMSL that does not obstruct the driver's field of view can be manufactured. It is possible (see FIG. 10 of Patent Document 2).

  Similarly, the rear view of the driver can be obtained by patterning the cathode of the organic EL element in a stripe shape as a reflective electrode having a metallic glossy surface to provide a vehicle interior stop lamp having two regions, a transparent portion and a light emitting portion. A technique for improving the light emission luminance from the rear window to the rear of the vehicle without blocking the vehicle is disclosed (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

  However, since the organic EL element needs to create two regions of the transparent part and the light emitting part, the area of the light emitting part is smaller than that of a general light emitting organic EL element. In order to obtain the same luminance as that of the light-emitting organic EL element, it is necessary to increase the luminance corresponding to the area of the transparent portion, resulting in an increase in power consumption of the panel and a decrease in lifetime.

  Therefore, the vehicle lamp is required to further increase the light emission luminance, reduce the power consumption and extend the life while ensuring the transparency.

JP 2011-60457 A JP 2013-149376 A Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-195173

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems and circumstances, and the solution is applicable as a high-mount stop lamp that takes advantage of the characteristics of the organic electroluminescence element and does not block the driver's rear view. It is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicular lamp that has high luminance and achieves low power consumption and long life.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor, in the process of examining the cause of the above-mentioned problems, has an organic electroluminescence element having a transparent portion and a light emitting portion that emits light on one side alternately in a stripe pattern. By installing on the area, it can be applied as a high-mount stop lamp that does not block the driver's rear view, and it is possible to obtain a vehicular lamp with high emission brightness, low power consumption and long life. I found it.

  That is, the said subject which concerns on this invention is solved by the following means.

1. An organic electroluminescence element is installed on the rear window surface of the vehicle, and is a vehicle lamp that emits light to the rear of the vehicle,
The organic electroluminescent element has light emitting portions that emit light on one side and non-light emitting portions that are light-transmitting alternately in a stripe shape,
The rear window has at least a wiring area of electrical wiring or communication wiring; and
The vehicular lamp, wherein the light emitting unit is installed at least on the wiring region.

  2. The vertical width of the light emitting portion installed on the wiring in the wiring region of the organic electroluminescence element is in the range of 50 to 120% of the vertical width of the wiring in the wiring region. The vehicle lamp according to Item.

3. The light emitting portion of the organic electroluminescence element is configured with at least two or more different stripe-shaped line widths, and the stripe-shaped line width W ₁ of the light-emitting portion installed on the wiring in the wiring region and the wiring region emitting portion striped line width W ₂ in the region with no wiring, the first term or vehicular lamp according to paragraph 2 and satisfies the following relation (W).

Relational expression (W) W ₂ <W ₁
4). The vehicular lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organic electroluminescence element is installed outside a passenger compartment on the surface of the rear window.

  5. The organic electroluminescence element is installed on the vehicle interior side of the rear window surface, at least between the rear window surface on the vehicle interior side facing the wiring area of the electrical wiring or communication wiring and the organic electroluminescence element. 4. A vehicle according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein a black film or a black tape is inserted at a position equivalent to or less than the width of the wiring in the wiring area. Light fixture.

  6). The vehicular lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a hard coat layer or an ultraviolet shielding layer as an outermost layer of the organic electroluminescence element.

  By means of the above-mentioned means of the present invention, it can be applied as a high-mount stop lamp that takes advantage of the characteristics of the organic electroluminescence element and does not block the driver's rear view, achieves high emission brightness, low power consumption and long life. A vehicular lamp can be provided.

  The expression mechanism or action mechanism of the effect of the present invention is presumed as follows.

  Since the wiring area of the electrical wiring or communication wiring installed on the rear window surface of the vehicle is originally a non-transparent area and is visually recognized by the driver, at least the wiring is set so that the wiring area becomes a light emitting area. By installing the light emitting part of the organic EL element on the area, the light emitting area is expanded and as a result, the luminance is improved. Therefore, if the same luminance is set, the power consumption is reduced and the light emission life is extended accordingly. Can be achieved. In addition, since the electrode pattern in the region can be increased, the resistance of the electrode can be reduced, and the voltage drop can be reduced.

The schematic diagram which shows an example which used the conventional LED light-emitting device as a high mount stop lamp (HMSL) The schematic diagram which shows an example which used the organic EL element concerning this invention as HMSL Sectional drawing which shows the basic structure of the organic EL element which concerns on this invention Schematic diagram of defrost wiring installed in a typical rear window Enlarged view of defrost area 1 Schematic diagram of light emitting part pattern of organic EL element installed in defrosting region 1 Sectional drawing of the light emission part pattern of the organic EL element installed in the defrost area 1 Sectional drawing which shows an example of the vehicle lamp of this invention Sectional drawing which shows another example of the vehicle lamp of this invention Sectional drawing which shows another example of the vehicle lamp of this invention Sectional drawing which shows another example of the vehicle lamp of this invention Partial sectional view showing an example of a tandem organic EL element

  The vehicular lamp of the present invention is a vehicular lamp in which an organic electroluminescence element is installed on the rear window surface of the vehicle and emits light from the rear window to the rear of the vehicle, and the organic electroluminescence element emits light on one side. The light-transmissive non-light-emitting portions are alternately arranged in stripes, the rear window has at least a wiring region for electrical wiring or communication wiring, and the light-emitting portion is disposed at least on the wiring region. It is characterized by being. This feature is a technical feature common to or corresponding to the claimed invention.

  As an embodiment of the present invention, from the viewpoint of manifestation of the effect of the present invention, the vertical width of the light emitting portion installed on the wiring in the wiring area of the organic electroluminescence element is the vertical width of the wiring in the wiring area. It is preferable that it is in the range of 50 to 120% from the viewpoint of expanding the light emitting region and increasing the luminance, and improving the visibility from the rear.

Further, the light emitting portion of the organic electroluminescence element is configured with at least two or more different stripe line widths, and the stripe line width W ₁ of the light emitting portion installed on the wiring in the wiring region The fact that the stripe-like line width W ₂ of the light emitting portion in the wiring-free region of the wiring region satisfies the relational expression (W) reduces the power consumption and extends the light emission lifetime, and in addition, the electrode pattern of the region. Therefore, the resistance of the electrode can be reduced, which is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the voltage drop. Here, the stripe-like line width means the vertical width of the light emitting portion.

  In addition, the fact that the organic electroluminescence element is installed outside the passenger compartment on the surface of the rear window can prevent emission light from being blocked by the wiring region and can increase emission luminance, so that visibility to the following vehicle is improved. From the viewpoint of improving the ratio, this is a preferred arrangement.

  In addition, the organic electroluminescence element is preferably installed on the vehicle interior side of the rear window surface, and in that case, the rear window surface on the vehicle interior side facing the wiring area of the electric wiring or communication wiring, Inserting at least a black film or a black tape between the organic electroluminescent elements at a vertical position equal to or less than that of the wiring in the wiring area and at an equivalent position is light emitted from the organic electroluminescent element. However, this is a preferred embodiment from the viewpoint of preventing reflection and scattering by the wiring and improving visibility from the driver.

  Furthermore, it has a hard coat layer or an ultraviolet shielding layer as the outermost layer on the side opposite to the rear window side of the organic electroluminescence element, from the viewpoint of preventing scratch resistance of HMSL and deterioration of the organic EL element due to ultraviolet rays. Therefore, it is a preferred embodiment.

  Hereinafter, the present invention, its components, and modes and modes for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail. In addition, in this application, "-" is used in the meaning which includes the numerical value described before and behind that as a lower limit and an upper limit.

≪Outline of vehicle lamp of the present invention≫
The vehicular lamp of the present invention is a vehicular lamp in which an organic electroluminescence element is installed on the rear window surface of the vehicle and emits light toward the rear of the vehicle, and the organic electroluminescence element has a light-emitting portion that emits light on one side and a light transmitting property. The non-light-emitting portions are alternately arranged in stripes, the rear window has at least a wiring region of electrical wiring or communication wiring, and the light-emitting portion is disposed at least on the wiring region. With this configuration, it can be applied as a high-mount stop lamp that does not obstruct the driver's rear view, taking advantage of the characteristics of the organic electroluminescence element, and has high emission brightness, low power consumption, and long life. The achieved vehicle lamp is provided.

  Here, the “rear window” refers to an automobile window located behind the driver. The material is usually glass, but it may be made of resin.

  The “electrical wiring” refers to a defrosting wiring, an electric supply wiring to the organic EL element, or the like. “Communication wiring” refers to antenna wiring for in-vehicle audio, car navigation, and the like.

  The “wiring area” refers to an area (area) where the electrical wiring and communication wiring are installed, and is configured by an area where wiring is installed and an area where there is no wiring (ie, a rear window portion). .

  In the present application, a defrosting wiring which is a kind of “electrical wiring” will be described below as an example.

<< Configuration of Vehicle Lamp of the Present Invention >>
Hereinafter, the configuration of the vehicular lamp of the present invention and the function and effect thereof will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example in which a conventional LED light-emitting device is installed as an HMSL inside a rear window of a vehicle.

  The HMSL 100 using the conventional LED light emitting device is a form in which the LED light emitting device 103 is installed inside the rear window 102. Reference numeral 104 denotes a defrost wiring, which includes a right conductor 105 and a left conductor 106 that function as a power supply harness. The rear window is fitted in the vehicle body 107.

  The LED light-emitting device is a point light source, so a reflector plate for uniformly illuminating the HMSL and a light guide plate with a diffusing function are required. The device tends to be thick, and the part to which the HMSL is attached is not transparent. Therefore, there is a problem that the field of view of the driver (driver) who visually recognizes the rear is narrowed by the rearview mirror. The LED light emitting device may be installed in a lunch box shape on the rear tray, but the problem of narrowing the driver's field of view remains.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example in which the organic EL element according to the present invention is installed as an HMSL outside the rear window of the vehicle.

  The HMSL 200 using the organic EL element according to the present invention is an aspect in which the organic EL element 203 is installed on the defrost wiring 104 which is an electric wiring area on the outer surface of the rear window 102 in the passenger compartment. The power supply wiring to the organic EL element may be shared with the defrosting wiring or may be installed separately.

  Since the organic EL element 203 can be formed in a thin plate shape as compared with the LED light-emitting device, the degree of freedom of installation is high. In particular, the organic EL element according to the present invention has a light-emitting portion that emits light on one side and light. Since it has alternating non-light-emitting parts that are transmissive in stripes, it is viewed from the driver almost transparently and does not obstruct the driver's field of view when viewing the back with a rearview mirror. It is a feature. In FIG. 2, it is installed at the upper part of the rear window 102, but it may be installed at the lower part of the rear window. Moreover, there is no restriction | limiting about the vertical and horizontal length of the organic EL element 203, For example, although long HMSL to the right-and-left end of a rear window may be sufficient, there exists a concern that a visibility worsens and it causes a cost increase. The Also, considering the visibility, the vertical length may be thin, but if it is too thin, there is a concern that it is difficult to recognize when the lamp is lit from the following vehicle. Preferably, the vertical length is within 100 mm and within 300 mm. It is more preferable that it is within 50 mm and within 200 mm from the viewpoint of visibility and cost.

  The organic EL element 203 is connected to a current control unit (not shown), and the control unit is connected to a lamp switch that is interlocked with the foot brake. When the switch is turned on, a DC voltage is applied to the organic EL display element via the control unit, and the organic layer of the organic EL element emits red light. That is, the organic EL element emits red light in a stripe shape, is distributed behind the vehicle, and is visually recognized as a plate-like light emitter by the driver of the following vehicle.

  The organic EL element 203 according to the present invention may be installed on the vehicle interior side of the rear window, but the outside of the vehicle interior and the outside of the defrost wiring (electrical wiring) can further enhance the effect of the present invention. it can. However, since the light emission of the organic EL element is not directional but close to Lambertian, the effect of the configuration of the present invention can be obtained even when the organic EL element is installed on the vehicle interior side of the rear window.

  FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a basic configuration of the organic EL element according to the present invention.

  Details of the basic configuration of the organic EL element 300 according to the present invention will be described.

  The organic EL device 300 according to the present invention is a single-sided light emitting device. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, a light-transmissive first electrode (anode) 1 and a hole injection layer 3a are formed on a transparent substrate 13. The organic layer 3 composed of a hole transport layer 3b, a light emitting layer 3c, an electron transport layer 3d, an electron injection layer 3e, and the like, and patterned to have a light emitting portion and a non-light emitting portion in a stripe shape, It is formed as a laminate 10 in which a reflective second electrode (cathode) 5 is laminated.

  For the purpose of reducing the resistance of the laminate 10, an auxiliary electrode (not shown) may be provided in contact with the first electrode 1. The organic EL element 300 is sealed on the transparent substrate 13 with a sealing member 17 described later for the purpose of preventing deterioration of the organic layer 3 configured using an organic material or the like. The sealing member 17 is fixed to the transparent substrate 13 side with an adhesive 19. However, the terminal portions (leading electrodes 16) of the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 5 are provided on the transparent substrate 13 so as to be exposed from the sealing member 17 while being insulated from each other by the organic layer 3. It has been. The organic EL element 300 is configured to extract the generated light (emitted light h) from the light extraction surface 13a on the transparent substrate 13 side.

  Since the emitted light h is the sum of the emitted light h1 extracted directly from the transparent substrate 13 side and the reflected light h2 reflected by the light-reflective second electrode 5 and extracted from the transparent substrate 13 side, the emission luminance is improved. Is achieved.

  In addition, as described above, the non-light-emitting element is formed by the light-transmitting first electrode (anode) 1 and the light-reflective second electrode (cathode) 5 which is patterned to have a light-emitting portion and a non-light-emitting portion. If the distance between the driver and the HMSL is 2 m, for example, if the line width is about 300 μm, the line width is not visually recognized as a stripe, and the amount of light is slightly reduced, but the transmitted light t that passes through the non-light-emitting portion Thus, the organic EL element according to the present invention is visually recognized by the driver as being light transmissive (transparent), and an HMSL that does not block the driver's field of view can be manufactured.

  The organic EL element shown in FIG. 3 has a light-transmissive first electrode (anode) 1 and a light-reflective second electrode (cathode) 5, but the first electrode (anode) 1 is patterned as described later. A light-reflective electrode formed so as to have a light-emitting portion and a non-light-emitting portion, and the second electrode (cathode) 5 may be a light-transmissive sheet-like electrode, and the emitted light h is transparent You may make it the structure taken out from the sealing member 17 side.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a defrosting wiring installed in a typical rear window.

  As a result of investigating the actual condition of the electrical wiring or communication wiring installed in the rear window of the automobile in circulation on the market, the inventors have found the following.

  In many cases, the rear window of an automobile is provided with a defrosting wiring (defogger) or an antenna wiring, and when the wiring width / space (referred to as L / S) is investigated, there are many shown in FIG.

  In the horizontal direction as the defrosting wiring, the defrosting region 1 with L / S of 1.5 mm / 8.5 mm is about 50 mm wide at the upper part of the rear window, and the defrosting region with L / S of 1.5 mm / 20 mm below it 2 had a width of about 100 mm.

  In the vertical direction, the right conductor 105 and the left conductor 106 functioning as power supply harnesses on both sides each have a width of about 5 mm, and the conductor has a width of about 1 mm in the center.

  In the present invention, since the HMSL is usually attached to the upper part of the rear window, it is assumed that the organic EL element is installed in the defrosting region 1. Also, assuming that the distance from the driver to the rear window is about 2 m, from the data shown in FIG. 10 of Patent Document 1, it is about 300 μm for the striped line width of the light emitting part to be seen transparently. In addition, for simplicity, the pattern space was set to 300 μm. Therefore, L / S is 0.3 mm / 0.3 mm.

  The pattern when an organic EL element is actually applied to HMSL is shown in FIGS.

  FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the defrosting region 1. In this case, the left and right widths are reduced.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a light emitting portion pattern of an organic EL element installed in the defrosting region 1.

  FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting portion pattern of the organic EL element installed in the defrosting region 1.

  In the defrosting region 1, the L / S of the defrosting wiring is 1.5 mm / 8.5 mm, and an organic EL element having the L / S of 0.3 mm / 0.3 mm is installed on this wiring. At this time, if the light emitting portion of the organic EL element 203 is 203-1, as shown in FIG. 6, the organic EL elements 203 are arranged in stripes so that L / S is 0.3 mm / 0.3 mm.

  The feature of the present invention is that the light emitting portion of the organic EL element is installed at least on the wiring region, and an additional light emitting portion 203-2 is added to the upper and lower 1.5 mm wiring portions of the defrosting region 1 in FIG. The wiring portion is also a light emitting portion, and the light emitting area is increased by adopting such a configuration.

  That is, the black portion in FIG. 5 is originally a non-transmissive portion because the defrost wiring 104 is installed, but the cathode electrode of the organic EL element is arranged so as to match the space, and the light emitting portion 203-2 is increased. Thus, since the light emitting portion of the organic EL element is the sum of 203-1 and 203-2, the light emitting area is increased and the light emission luminance can be improved.

  The vertical width of the light emitting unit installed on the wiring in the defrosting region 1 of the organic EL element is within a range of 50 to 120% of the vertical width of the wiring in the defrosting wiring region, thereby expanding the light emitting region. However, it is preferable from the viewpoint of increasing brightness and improving visibility from the rear. More preferably, it is in the range of 80 to 110%.

The light emitting portion of the organic EL element is configured with at least two different stripe-shaped line widths, and the stripe-shaped line width W ₁ of the light emitting portion installed on the wiring of the defrosting wiring region and the defrosting wiring region striped line width W ₂ of the light-emitting portion in the region having no wiring is to satisfy the following relational expression (W), it is possible to increase the electrode pattern of the area, the resistance of the electrode This is preferable because the voltage drop can be reduced.

Here, the stripe-like line widths W ₁ and W ₂ are the vertical widths of the stripe-like lines of the light emitting portions shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and specifically, the line width W ₁ is 203-1 and 203−. The line width W ₂ is the vertical width of 203-1.

Relational expression (W) W ₂ <W ₁
Further, although not shown in the figure, it is possible to increase the light emission luminance by arranging the light emitting portions on the defrosting wirings on both sides and the central portion in the vertical direction in FIG. Long life and low power consumption can be achieved.

<Light emission brightness improvement effect>
The effect of improving the light emission luminance by the present invention was estimated.

As a precondition for the calculation, the case where the organic EL element is installed in the defrosting region 1 with a width of 30 mm in the vertical direction is considered. For simplification of calculation, the horizontal direction cannot be calculated (HMSL is often installed at the upper part of the rear window, and if the vertical width becomes too large, the cost of the organic EL element increases. (Because the appearance of the car body is reduced.)
L / S of the organic EL element was set to 0.3 mm / 0.3 mm.

Light emitting part width = 15 mm (light emitting part / non-light emitting part area 50% each)
When applying this patented technology,
The defrost wiring is L / S = 1.5mm / 8.5mm,
At L = 1.5 mm, the increase in the light emitting portion (203-2 in FIG. 6) by application of this patent is 0.6 mm, and the width of the light emitting portion is 15 mm + 0.6 mm × 3 = 16.8 mm.

  Therefore, the increase ratio of the light emitting portion according to the present application is 16.8 / 15 = 1.12 times.

  This means that in a panel having the same area, the current value for obtaining the same luminance can be reduced to 1 / 1.12. Accordingly, the power consumption can be reduced and the light emission life can be extended.

[Embodiment 1]
A preferred embodiment of a vehicular lamp according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

  FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a vehicular lamp according to the present invention.

  A defrost wiring 104 is installed outside the passenger compartment of the rear window 102, and an organic EL element 300 (203 in FIG. 2) according to the present invention is bonded onto the defrost wiring via an adhesive layer. The organic EL element 300 according to the present invention includes a transparent substrate 13, a transparent first electrode 1a (anode), an organic layer 3, a portion that covers 100% of the width of the defrost wiring and a predetermined line width (described above) from the outside of the passenger compartment. The second electrode (cathode) 5a, which is a reflective electrode composed of a portion patterned in a stripe shape, preferably having a width L = 0.3 mm) and the sealing member 17 are configured in this order. The 17 side is bonded to the defrosting wiring 104.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when the first electrode 1 a and the second electrode 5 a are energized, the organic layer 3 emits light, and the combined emission light h1 and reflected light h2 is transmitted through the transparent substrate 13. It passes through and is irradiated to the outside of the passenger compartment (rear of the vehicle) and functions as an HMSL. On the other hand, the non-light-emitting portion without the second electrode (cathode) 5a having the patterned portion is light-transmitting, so that it can be seen almost transparently from the driver in the passenger compartment and blocks the view. There is no.

  Specifically, the portion corresponding to the stripe-shaped second electrode 5a of the organic EL element 300 emits light and is emitted from the side facing the rear window 102 of the organic EL element 300. This includes light reflected from a metallic glossy surface. That is, the light originally emitted from the passenger compartment side is also reflected from the metallic gloss surface of the second electrode 5a and emitted from the side facing the rear window 102. For this reason, the light extraction surface 13a facing the rear window 102 of the organic EL element 300 emits light brightly in a stripe pattern, and the visibility of the HMSL 200 is improved.

  On the other hand, on the vehicle interior side of the organic EL element 300, the light emission of the organic layer 3 is shielded by the second electrode 5a having a stripe pattern, and the portion of the organic layer 3 where the second electrode 5a is not formed (in the horizontal stripe portion). Since the sandwiched band-like region) originally does not emit light, almost no light emitted from the organic layer 3 can be emitted from the cabin side of the organic EL element 300.

  As a result, the light emitted from the passenger compartment side of the HMSL 200 is extremely weak light that is almost negligible, and the light emitted from the passenger compartment side of the HMSL 200 is guided to the driver through the rearview mirror to become glare light. The light emitted to the passenger compartment side is distributed from the passenger compartment to the front of the vehicle and does not act as misidentification information for oncoming vehicles or pedestrians.

  In addition, the HMSL 200 exists in the field of view behind the vehicle that can be seen through the rear window 102 from the driver's seat, but the region where the second electrode 5a of the organic EL element 300 constituting the HMSL 200 is not formed is seen through transparently. Therefore, although the field of view behind the vehicle seen through the HMSL 200 is slightly dark, it is not obstructed. This is the same whether the HMSL 200 is on or off.

  Therefore, the vehicular lamp of the present invention can be preferably used as a high-mount stop lamp that uses an organic EL element and does not block the driver's rear view.

  In the above-described embodiment, the stripe pattern of the second electrode 5a is formed as a horizontal stripe, but the stripe pattern is not limited to a horizontal stripe, and may be a vertical stripe or an oblique stripe.

[Embodiment 2: Modification]
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the vehicular lamp of the present invention, which is an example in which emitted light is extracted from the sealing member side of the organic EL element.

  A defrost wiring 104 is installed outside the passenger compartment of the rear window 102, and the organic EL element 400 according to the present invention is bonded onto the defrost wiring via an adhesive layer 108. The organic EL element 400 according to the present invention has a width of the sealing member 17, the second electrode (cathode) 5 b that is a non-patterned sheet-like transparent electrode, the organic layer 3, and the defrost wiring 100% from the outside of the passenger compartment. A first electrode (anode) 1b, which is a reflective electrode, and a transparent substrate, which is composed of a portion to be covered and a portion patterned in a stripe shape having a predetermined line width (preferably L = 0.3 mm width as described above) The transparent substrate 13 side is bonded to the defrosting wiring 104.

  As in FIG. 8, when the first electrode 1 b and the second electrode 5 b are energized, the organic layer 3 emits light, and the emitted light h that is the sum of the emitted light h 1 and the reflected light h 2 passes through the sealing member 17. It is irradiated to the outside of the passenger compartment (rear of the vehicle) and functions as HMSL. On the other hand, the portion where the first electrode (anode) 1b having the patterned portion is not formed is light-transmitting, so that it is viewed almost transparently from the driver in the passenger compartment and blocks the view. There is nothing.

  Therefore, the vehicular lamp of the present invention can be preferably used as a high-mount stop lamp that uses an organic EL element and does not block the driver's rear view.

[Embodiment 3: Modification]
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the vehicular lamp of the present invention.

  A defrost wiring 104 is installed outside the passenger compartment of the rear window 102, and the organic EL element 300 according to the present invention is bonded onto the defrost wiring via an adhesive layer 108. The organic EL element 300 according to the present invention includes a transparent substrate 13, a transparent first electrode 1a (anode), an organic layer 3, a portion that covers 100% of the width of the defrost wiring and a predetermined line width (described above) from the outside of the passenger compartment. The second electrode (cathode) 5a, which is a reflective electrode composed of a portion patterned in a stripe shape, preferably having a width L = 0.3 mm) and the sealing member 17 are configured in this order. The 17 side is bonded to the defrosting wiring 104.

  In FIG. 10, the functional layer 18 is further formed on the surface of the transparent substrate 13 opposite to the first electrode 1 a via the adhesive layer 108. The functional layer 18 is preferably a hard coat layer that improves scratch resistance, which will be described later, an ultraviolet shielding layer that protects the organic layer from ultraviolet rays, and a condensing sheet that controls the irradiation direction of the emitted light h, each of which is a single layer. Or a plurality of layers may be stacked.

  In the present invention, since the organic EL element is installed outside the vehicle compartment of the rear window, it is preferably an ultraviolet shielding layer that also serves as a hard coat layer.

[Embodiment 4: Modification]
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the vehicular lamp of the present invention.

  A defrost wiring 104 is installed on the outside of the passenger compartment of the rear window 102. On the other hand, the black film 109 and the organic EL element 300 according to the present invention are adhered to a position facing the rear window 102 of the defrosting wiring 104 through the adhesive layer 108 on the vehicle interior side of the rear window 102. . The organic EL element 300 according to the present invention includes a portion that covers 100% of the width of the transparent substrate 13, the transparent first electrode 1 a (anode), the organic layer 3, and the defrosting wiring from the vehicle interior side of the rear window 102. The second electrode (cathode) 5a, which is a reflective electrode composed of a stripe-shaped portion having a line width (as described above, preferably L = 0.3 mm width), and the sealing member 17 are configured in this order. ing.

  As in FIG. 8, when the first electrode 1a and the second electrode 5a are energized, the organic layer 3 emits light, and the combined emission light h1 and reflected light h2 passes through the transparent substrate 13. Irradiated outside the vehicle compartment (rear side of vehicle) and functions as HMSL. On the other hand, the portion where the second electrode (cathode) 5a having the patterned portion is not formed is light-transmitting, so that it is viewed almost transparently from the driver in the passenger compartment and blocks the view. There is nothing.

  This configuration has an advantage that the organic EL element is not easily damaged by an external impact since the organic EL element is installed on the vehicle interior side of the rear window.

  However, the defrosting wiring 104 is usually colored yellow-brown, brown-brown, black-brown, etc. in order to cure the screen-printed ink and apply copper plating or the like to pass the current uniformly. Therefore, the emitted light from the organic EL element is reflected and scattered by the defrosting wiring 104, and the emitted light may be visible from the driver side. Therefore, in the case of this embodiment, at least the black film 109 or the black tape between the surface of the rear window 102 on the vehicle interior side facing the defrosting wiring 104 and the organic EL element 300 has a width equal to or less than that of the defrosting wiring. In addition, it is desirable to reduce the reflected / scattered light to the vehicle interior side by inserting it at an equivalent position.

  As the black film, a commercially available film can be used without particular limitation, and examples thereof include a light shielding / antireflection black film SNR-N50 or SNR-T50 manufactured by Shibuya Optical Co., Ltd.

  In the case of this form, the light emitted from the organic EL element is partially blocked by the defrosting wiring 104 and the black film 109. However, as described above, the light emitted from the organic EL element is not directional and is close to Lambertian. Even when installed indoors, the effects of the configuration of the present invention can be obtained.

[Configuration of organic electroluminescence element]
Below, the typical example and detail of a structure of the organic EL element which concern on this invention are demonstrated.

(I) Anode / hole injection transport layer / light emitting layer / electron injection transport layer / cathode (ii) Anode / hole injection transport layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron injection transport layer / cathode (iii) Anode / Hole injection transport layer / electron blocking layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron injection transport layer /
Cathode (iv) Anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode (v) Anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / Electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode (vi) anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer / light emitting layer / hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode May have a non-light emitting intermediate layer. The intermediate layer may be a charge generation layer or a multi-photon unit configuration.

  Regarding the outline of the organic EL element applicable to the present invention, for example, JP2013-157634A, JP2013-168552A, JP2013-177361A, JP2013-187221A, JP JP 2013-191644 A, JP 2013-191804 A, JP 2013-225678 A, JP 2013-235994 A, JP 2013-243234 A, JP 2013-243236 A, JP 2013-2013 A. JP 242366, JP 2013-243371, JP 2013-245179, JP 2014-003249, JP 2014-003299, JP 2014-013910, JP 2014-014933 Gazette, JP2014-017944A It can be mentioned configurations described in.

(Tandem structure)
Further, the organic EL element according to the present invention may be an element having a so-called tandem structure in which a plurality of light emitting units including at least one light emitting layer are stacked.

  As typical element configurations of the tandem structure, for example, the following configurations can be given.

Anode / first light emitting unit / intermediate layer / second light emitting unit / intermediate layer / third light emitting unit / cathode Here, the first light emitting unit, the second light emitting unit and the third light emitting unit are all the same, May be different. Two light emitting units may be the same, and the remaining one may be different.

  A plurality of light emitting units may be laminated directly or via an intermediate layer, and the intermediate layer is generally an intermediate electrode, an intermediate conductive layer, a charge generation layer, an electron extraction layer, a connection layer, an intermediate layer. A known material structure can be used as long as it is also called an insulating layer and has a function of supplying electrons to the anode-side adjacent layer and holes to the cathode-side adjacent layer.

Examples of materials used for the intermediate layer include ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), ZnO ₂ , TiN, ZrN, HfN, TiOx, VOx, CuI, InN, GaN, CuAlO ₂ , Conductive inorganic compound layers such as CuGaO ₂ , SrCu ₂ O ₂ , LaB ₆ , RuO ₂ and Al, two-layer films such as Au / Bi ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ / Ag / SnO ₂ , ZnO / Ag / ZnO , Bi ₂ O ₃ / Au / Bi ₂ O ₃ , TiO ₂ / TiN / TiO ₂ , TiO ₂ / ZrN / TiO _{2 and} other multilayer films, C _{60 and} other fullerenes, conductive organic layers such as oligothiophene, Examples include conductive organic compound layers such as metal phthalocyanines, metal-free phthalocyanines, metal porphyrins, metal-free porphyrins, etc. The invention is not limited to these.

  As a preferable configuration in the light emitting unit, for example, a configuration in which the anode and the cathode are excluded from the configurations (1) to (7) described in the above-described typical element configurations, and the like is described. It is not limited.

  Specific examples of the tandem organic EL element include, for example, US Pat. No. 6,337,492, US Pat. No. 7,420,203, US Pat. No. 7,473,923, US Pat. No. 6,872,472, US Pat. No. 6,107,734, US Pat. No. 6,337,492, International JP 2005/009087, JP 2006-228712, JP 2006-24791, JP 2006-49393, JP 2006-49394, JP 2006-49396, JP 2011. No. -96679, JP 2005-340187, JP 47114424, JP 34096681, JP 3884564, JP 431169, JP 2010-192719, JP 2009-076929, JP Open 2008-0784 No. 4, JP 2007-059848 A, JP 2003-272860 A, JP 2003-045676 A, International Publication No. 2005/094130, and the like. The present invention is not limited to these.

  FIG. 12 shows a partial cross-sectional view of an example of a tandem organic EL element.

  FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an organic EL element having a tandem structure having three organic layer units (3-A, 3-B, and 3-C).

  In FIG. 12, the organic EL element 20 has a first electrode 1 and a second electrode 5 disposed on a transparent substrate 13 in a facing positional relationship. In the configuration of FIG. 12, the first electrode 1 is an anode that is a transparent electrode, and the second electrode 5 is a cathode that is a reflective electrode. FIG. 12 is an electrode in which the second electrode 5 is patterned in a stripe shape as in FIG. 3, and a part of the electrode portion is extracted, and the sealing member is the same as in FIG. It is.

  Between the 1st electrode 1 (anode) and the 2nd electrode 5 (cathode), the 1st organic layer unit (3-A) comprised from the organic layer containing a light emitting layer, 2nd organic layer unit (3-B) and the third organic layer unit (3-C) are sandwiched, and an intermediate electrode layer (6) having an independent connection terminal (not shown) is provided between each organic layer unit. -1, 6-2) are arranged.

  Each of the first electrode 1 and the intermediate electrode layer (6-1) is wired with a lead wire, and by applying about 2 to 40V as a driving voltage V1 to each connection terminal, the organic layer unit (3-A ) Emits light. Similarly, the intermediate electrode layer (6-1) and the intermediate electrode layer (6-2) are wired with lead wires, and by applying about 2 to 40 V as the drive voltage V2 to each connection terminal, the organic layer The unit (3-B) emits light. Similarly, the intermediate electrode layer (6-2) and the second electrode 5 are also wired with lead wires, and by applying about 2 to 40 V as the driving voltage V3 to each connection terminal, the organic layer unit (3- C) emits light.

  When a direct current voltage is applied as the driving voltage V1, the driving voltage V2, and the driving voltage V3 when driving the organic EL element 20, the first electrode 1 serving as an anode has a positive polarity and the second electrode 5 serving as a cathode is used. The negative polarity is applied within a voltage range of 2 to 40 V, and the intermediate electrode layers (6-1 and 6-2) are applied at an intermediate voltage between the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 5.

  By applying each driving voltage, the light emitted by the emitted light h of each organic layer unit is taken out from the first electrode 1 side which is a transparent electrode. In addition, the light emitted to the second electrode 5 side is reflected by the second electrode 5 surface and similarly extracted from the first electrode 1 side.

  By making the organic EL element according to the present invention a tandem structure, it is possible to improve the light emission luminance without increasing the layer thickness so much in an element having the same area.

  Furthermore, each layer which comprises an organic EL element is demonstrated.

[Transparent substrate]
Examples of the transparent substrate applicable to the organic EL element according to the present invention include transparent materials such as glass and plastic. Examples of the transparent transparent substrate preferably used include glass, quartz, and a resin film.

  Examples of the glass material include silica glass, soda lime silica glass, lead glass, borosilicate glass, and alkali-free glass. On the surface of these glass materials, from the viewpoint of adhesion with adjacent layers, durability, and smoothness, a physical treatment such as polishing, a coating made of an inorganic material or an organic material, or these coatings, if necessary. A combined hybrid coating can be formed.

  Examples of the constituent material of the resin film include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene, polypropylene, cellophane, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate (TAC), cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate pro Cellulose esters such as pionate (CAP), cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose nitrate and their derivatives, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene vinyl alcohol, syndiotactic polystyrene, polycarbonate, norbornene resin, polymethylpentene, polyether Ketone, polyimide, polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide, police Phones, polyether imides, polyether ketone imides, polyamides, fluororesins, nylon, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylics and polyarylates, cyclones such as Arton (trade name, manufactured by JSR) and Appel (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals) An olefin resin etc. can be mentioned.

  In an organic EL element, the structure which provides a gas barrier layer on the transparent substrate demonstrated above as needed may be sufficient.

  As a material for forming the gas barrier layer, any material that has a function of suppressing intrusion of water or oxygen that causes deterioration of the organic EL element may be used. For example, an inorganic substance such as silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, or silicon nitride may be used. Can be used. Furthermore, in order to improve the brittleness of the gas barrier layer, it is more preferable to have a laminated structure of these inorganic layers and organic layers made of organic materials. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the lamination | stacking order of an inorganic layer and an organic layer, It is preferable to laminate | stack both alternately several times.

〔anode〕
As the anode (anode) constituting the organic EL element, an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.

Specifically, metals such as Ag and Au, or alloys based on metals, CuI, or indium-tin composite oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), metal oxides such as SnO ₂ and ZnO The metal or an alloy containing a metal as a main component is preferable, and silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component is more preferable.

  When the anode is made of silver as a main component in order to make it a transparent electrode, the purity of silver is preferably 99% or more. Further, palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), gold (Au), or the like may be added to ensure the stability of silver.

  When the transparent anode is a layer composed mainly of silver, specifically, it may be formed of silver alone or an alloy containing silver (Ag). Examples of such alloys include silver / magnesium (Ag / Mg), silver / copper (Ag / Cu), silver / palladium (Ag / Pd), silver / palladium / copper (Ag / Pd / Cu), silver -Indium (Ag.In) etc. are mentioned.

  Among the constituent materials constituting the anode, the anode constituting the organic EL device according to the present invention is a transparent anode composed mainly of silver and having a thickness in the range of 2 to 20 nm. Preferably, the thickness is more preferably in the range of 4 to 12 nm. A thickness of 20 nm or less is preferable because the absorption component and reflection component of the transparent anode can be kept low and high light transmittance can be maintained.

  In the present invention, the layer composed mainly of silver means that the silver content in the transparent anode is 60% by mass or more, preferably the silver content is 80% by mass or more, More preferably, the silver content is 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably the silver content is 98% by mass or more. The term “transparent” in the transparent anode according to the present invention means that the light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm is 50% or more.

  The transparent anode may have a configuration in which a layer composed mainly of silver is divided into a plurality of layers as necessary.

  In the present invention, in the case where the anode is a transparent anode composed mainly of silver, the underlayer 1x is provided at the lower portion from the viewpoint of improving the uniformity of the silver film of the transparent anode to be formed. Is preferred. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a base layer, It is preferable that it is a layer containing the organic compound which has a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom, and the method of providing the electrode layer 1y on the said base layer and forming a transparent anode is a preferable aspect. It is.

  In addition, the anode according to the present invention is preferably a patterned light-reflecting electrode when the emitted light h from the organic layer is taken out from the sealing member side, and is a metal electrode that constitutes a cathode described later. You can choose. Of these, aluminum and a magnesium / aluminum mixture are preferable.

[Organic layer]
Various functional layers constituting the organic EL element will be described in the order of a light emitting layer, a charge injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and a blocking layer.

(Light emitting layer)
Since the organic EL device according to the present invention is applied to HMSL as a vehicular lamp, the emission color is preferably red, and the front color when the front luminance L1 is 1000 cd / m ² is selected by selecting the light emitting material. The degrees are preferably 0.29 ≦ y ≦ 0.335 and y + x ≧ 0.98 in the CIE-xy chromaticity diagram. Thereby, red emitted light can be obtained.

The chromaticity is, for example, a color when a specular radiance meter CS-2000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd.) is used to give a predetermined current density to the organic EL element and the front luminance L1 is 1000 cd / m ^2. It is obtained by measuring the degree.

  The light emitting layer constituting the organic EL element preferably has a structure containing a phosphorescent compound as a light emitting material.

  This light emitting layer is a layer that emits light by recombination of electrons injected from the electrode or the electron transport layer and holes injected from the hole transport layer, and the light emitting portion is in the layer of the light emitting layer. Alternatively, it may be the interface between the light emitting layer and the adjacent layer.

  As such a light emitting layer, there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the structure, if the light emitting material contained satisfy | fills the light emission requirements. Moreover, there may be a plurality of layers having the same emission spectrum and emission maximum wavelength. In this case, it is preferable to have a non-light emitting intermediate layer between the light emitting layers.

  The total thickness of the light emitting layers is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 nm, and more preferably in the range of 1 to 30 nm because a lower driving voltage can be obtained. In addition, the sum total of the thickness of a light emitting layer is the thickness also including the said intermediate | middle layer, when a nonluminous intermediate | middle layer exists between light emitting layers.

  For the light emitting layer as described above, a light emitting material and a host compound to be described later may be used by publicly known methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method (Langmuir-Blodget, Langmuir Broadgett method), and an inkjet method. Can be formed.

  The light-emitting layer may be a mixture of a plurality of light-emitting materials, or a phosphorescent light-emitting material and a fluorescent light-emitting material (also referred to as a fluorescent dopant or a fluorescent compound) may be mixed and used in the same light-emitting layer. The structure of the light-emitting layer preferably includes a host compound (also referred to as a light-emitting host) and a light-emitting material (also referred to as a light-emitting dopant compound) and emits light from the light-emitting material.

<Host compound>
As the host compound contained in the light emitting layer, a compound having a phosphorescence quantum yield of phosphorescence emission at room temperature (25 ° C.) of less than 0.1 is preferable. Further, the phosphorescence quantum yield is preferably less than 0.01. Moreover, it is preferable that the volume ratio in the layer is 50% or more among the compounds contained in a light emitting layer.

  As the host compound, a known host compound may be used alone, or a plurality of types of host compounds may be used. By using a plurality of types of host compounds, it is possible to adjust the movement of charges, and the efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device can be improved. In addition, by using a plurality of kinds of light emitting materials described later, it is possible to mix different light emission, thereby obtaining an arbitrary light emission color.

  The host compound used in the light emitting layer may be a conventionally known low molecular compound or a high molecular compound having a repeating unit, and a low molecular compound having a polymerizable group such as a vinyl group or an epoxy group (evaporation polymerizable light emitting host). )

  Examples of the host compound applicable to the present invention include, for example, JP-A Nos. 2001-257076, 2001-357777, 2002-8860, 2002-43056, 2002-105445, 2002-352957, 2002-231453, 2002-234888, 2002-260861, 2002-305083, US Patent Publication No. 2005/0112407, US Patent Publication No. 2009 No./0030202, International Publication No. 2001/039234, International Publication No. 2008/056746, International Publication No. 2005/089025, International Publication No. 2007/063754, International Publication No. 2005/030900, International Publication No. 2009. / 086 No. 28, International Publication No. 2012/023947, may be mentioned JP 2007-254297, JP-European compounds described in Japanese Patent No. 2034538 Pat like.

<Light emitting material>
As the light-emitting material that can be used in the present invention, a phosphorescent compound (also referred to as a phosphorescent compound, a phosphorescent material, or a phosphorescent dopant) and a fluorescent compound (both a fluorescent compound or a fluorescent material) are used. Say).

<Phosphorescent compound>
A phosphorescent compound is a compound in which light emission from an excited triplet is observed. Specifically, it is a compound that emits phosphorescence at room temperature (25 ° C.), and the phosphorescence quantum yield is 0 at 25 ° C. A preferred phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.1 or more, although it is defined as 0.01 or more compounds.

  The phosphorescence quantum yield can be measured by the method described in Spectroscopic II, page 398 (1992 edition, Maruzen) of Experimental Chemistry Course 4 of the 4th edition. The phosphorescence quantum yield in the solution can be measured using various solvents, but when using a phosphorescent compound in the present invention, the phosphorescence quantum yield is 0.01 or more in any solvent. Should be achieved.

  The phosphorescent compound can be appropriately selected from known compounds used for the light emitting layer of a general organic EL device, but preferably contains a group 8-10 metal in the periodic table of elements. More preferred are iridium compounds, more preferred are iridium compounds, osmium compounds, platinum compounds (platinum complex compounds) or rare earth complexes, and most preferred are iridium compounds.

  In the present invention, at least one light emitting layer may contain two or more phosphorescent compounds, and the concentration ratio of the phosphorescent compound in the light emitting layer varies in the thickness direction of the light emitting layer. It may be an embodiment.

  Specific examples of known phosphorescent compounds that can be used in the present invention include compounds described in the following documents.

  Nature 395, 151 (1998), Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 1622 (2001), Adv. Mater. 19, 739 (2007), Chem. Mater. 17, 3532 (2005), Adv. Mater. 17, 1059 (2005), International Publication No. 2009/100991, International Publication No. 2008/101842, International Publication No. 2003/040257, US Patent Publication No. 2006/835469, US Patent Publication No. 2006/020202194. The compounds described in the specification, US Patent Publication No. 2007/0087321, US Patent Publication No. 2005/0244673, and the like can be mentioned.

  Inorg. Chem. 40, 1704 (2001), Chem. Mater. 16, 2480 (2004), Adv. Mater. 16, 2003 (2004), Angew. Chem. lnt. Ed. 2006, 45, 7800, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 153505 (2005), Chem. Lett. 34, 592 (2005), Chem. Commun. 2906 (2005), Inorg. Chem. 42,1248 (2003), International Publication No. 2009/050290, International Publication No. 2009/000673, US Pat. No. 7,332,232, US Patent Publication No. 2009/0039776, US Pat. No. 6,687,266, US Pat. As described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006/0008670, US Patent Publication No. 2008/0015355, US Pat. No. 7,396,598, US Patent Publication No. 2003/0138667, US Pat. No. 7090928, etc. A compound can be mentioned.

  Also, Angew. Chem. lnt. Ed. 47, 1 (2008), Chem. Mater. 18, 5119 (2006), Inorg. Chem. 46, 4308 (2007), Organometallics 23, 3745 (2004), Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1361 (1999), International Publication No. 2006/056418, International Publication No. 2005/123873, International Publication No. 2005/123873, International Publication No. 2006/082742, US Patent Publication No. 2005/0260441, Compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,534,505, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0190359, U.S. Pat. No. 7,338,722, U.S. Pat. No. 7,279,704, U.S. Pat. Publication No. 2006/103874, etc. Can also be mentioned.

  Furthermore, International Publication No. 2005/076380, International Publication No. 2008/140115, International Publication No. 2011/134013, International Publication No. 2010/086089, International Publication No. 2012/020327, International Publication No. 2011/051404. Further, compounds described in International Publication No. 2011/073149, JP2009-114086, JP2003-81988, JP2002-363552, and the like can also be mentioned.

  In the present invention, preferred phosphorescent compounds include organometallic complexes having Ir as a central metal. More preferably, a complex containing at least one coordination mode of a metal-carbon bond, a metal-nitrogen bond, a metal-oxygen bond, or a metal-sulfur bond is preferable.

  Examples of the phosphorescent compound (also referred to as a phosphorescent metal complex) include, for example, Organic Letter, vol. 16, 2579-2581 (2001), Inorg. Chem. 30, No. 8, 1685-1687 (1991), J. MoI. Am. Chem. Soc. , 123, 4304 (2001), Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 40, No. 7, 1704-1711 (2001), Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 41, No. 12, 3055-3066 (2002) , New Journal of Chemistry Vol. 26, page 1171 (2002), European Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 4, pages 695-709 (2004), and references disclosed in these documents. It can be synthesized by applying the method described.

<Fluorescent compound>
Fluorescent compounds include coumarin dyes, pyran dyes, cyanine dyes, croconium dyes, squalium dyes, oxobenzanthracene dyes, fluorescein dyes, rhodamine dyes, pyrylium dyes, perylene dyes, stilbene dyes. System dyes, polythiophene dyes, and rare earth complex phosphors.

(Charge injection layer)
The charge injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the light emitting layer in order to lower the driving voltage and improve the light emission luminance. “The organic EL element and its industrialization front line (November 30, 1998, NT. The details are described in Chapter 2, “Electrode Material” (pages 123 to 166) of the second edition of “S. Co., Ltd.”, and there are a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer.

  In general, the charge injection layer is present between the anode and the light emitting layer or the hole transport layer in the case of a hole injection layer, and between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer in the case of an electron injection layer. However, the present invention is characterized in that the charge injection layer is disposed adjacent to the transparent electrode. When used in an intermediate electrode, it is sufficient that at least one of the adjacent electron injection layer and hole injection layer satisfies the requirements of the present invention.

(Hole injection layer)
The hole injection layer is a layer disposed adjacent to the anode, which is a transparent electrode, in order to lower the driving voltage and improve the luminance of light emission. “The organic EL element and its industrialization front line (November 30, 1998 (Issued by TS Co., Ltd.) ”, Chapter 2“ Electrode Materials ”(pages 123 to 166) in the second volume.

  The details of the hole injection layer are also described in JP-A-9-45479, JP-A-9-260062, JP-A-8-288069, etc. Examples of the material used for the hole injection layer include: , Porphyrin derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, triarylamine derivatives, carbazole derivatives, Inrocarbazole derivatives, isoindole derivatives, acene derivatives such as anthracene and naphthalene, fluorene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, polyvinylcarbazole, aromatic amines introduced into the main chain or side chain Material or oligomer, polysilane, a conductive polymer or oligomer (e.g., PEDOT (polyethylene dioxythiophene): PSS (polystyrene sulfonic acid), aniline copolymers, polyaniline, polythiophene, etc.) and the like can be mentioned.

  Examples of the triarylamine derivative include benzidine type represented by α-NPD (4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl), and MTDATA (4,4 ′, 4 ″). Examples include a starburst type represented by -tris [N- (3-methylphenyl) -N-phenylamino] triphenylamine) and a compound having fluorene or anthracene in the triarylamine-linked core.

  In addition, hexaazatriphenylene derivatives such as those described in JP-A-2003-519432 and JP-A-2006-135145 can also be used as a hole transport material.

(Electron injection layer)
The electron injection layer is a layer provided between the cathode and the light emitting layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the light emission luminance. When the cathode is composed of the transparent electrode according to the present invention, Chapter 2 “Electrode materials” (pages 123-166) of the second edition of “Organic EL elements and their forefront of industrialization” (published on November 30, 1998 by NTT) ) Is described in detail.

  The details of the electron injection layer are described in JP-A-6-325871, JP-A-9-17574, JP-A-10-74586, and the like. Specific examples of materials preferably used for the electron injection layer are as follows. Metals represented by strontium and aluminum, alkali metal compounds represented by lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, etc., alkali metal halide layers represented by magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, etc. Examples thereof include an alkaline earth metal compound layer typified by magnesium, a metal oxide typified by molybdenum oxide and aluminum oxide, and a metal complex typified by lithium 8-hydroxyquinolate (Liq). Moreover, when the transparent electrode in this invention is a cathode, organic materials, such as a metal complex, are used especially suitably. The electron injection layer is desirably a very thin film, and although depending on the constituent material, the layer thickness is preferably in the range of 1 nm to 10 μm.

(Hole transport layer)
The hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes. In a broad sense, the hole injection layer and the electron blocking layer also have the function of a hole transport layer. The hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.

  The hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic. For example, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, Examples include stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, conductive polymer oligomers, and thiophene oligomers.

  As the hole transport material, those described above can be used, but porphyrin compounds, aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds can be used, and in particular, aromatic tertiary amine compounds can be used. preferable.

  Representative examples of aromatic tertiary amine compounds and styrylamine compounds include N, N, N ′, N′-tetraphenyl-4,4′-diaminophenyl, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′— Bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4,4′-diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 2,2-bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) propane, 1,1 -Bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) cyclohexane, N, N, N ', N'-tetra-p-tolyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 1,1-bis (4-di-p -Tolylaminophenyl) -4-phenylcyclohexane, bis (4-dimethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane, bis (4-di-p-tolylaminophenyl) phenylmethane, N, N'-diphenyl-N, '-Di (4-methoxyphenyl) -4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, N, N, N', N'-tetraphenyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-bis (diphenylamino) c Audriphenyl, N, N, N-tri (p-tolyl) amine, 4- (di-p-tolylamino) -4 '-[4- (di-p-tolylamino) styryl] stilbene, 4-N, N- Examples include diphenylamino- (2-diphenylvinyl) benzene, 3-methoxy-4′-N, N-diphenylaminostilbenzene, N-phenylcarbazole and the like.

  For the hole transport layer, known methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, printing including ink jet, and LB (Langmuir Brodget, Langmuir Broadgett) are used as the hole transport material. Thus, it can be formed by thinning. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the layer thickness of a positive hole transport layer, Usually, about 5 nm-5 micrometers, Preferably it is the range of 5-200 nm. The hole transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above materials.

  Moreover, p property can also be made high by doping the material of a positive hole transport layer with an impurity. Examples thereof include JP-A-4-297076, JP-A-2000-196140, 2001-102175 and J.P. Appl. Phys. 95, 5773 (2004), and the like.

  Thus, it is preferable to increase the p property of the hole transport layer because an element with lower power consumption can be manufactured.

(Electron transport layer)
The electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and in a broad sense, an electron injection layer and a hole blocking layer are also included in the electron transport layer. The electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer structure or a stacked structure of a plurality of layers.

  In the electron transport layer having a single-layer structure and the electron transport layer having a multilayer structure, as an electron transport material (also serving as a hole blocking material) constituting a layer portion adjacent to the light emitting layer, electrons injected from the cathode are emitted from the light emitting layer. It suffices to have a function of transmitting to the network. As such a material, any one of conventionally known compounds can be selected and used.

  Examples include nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane, anthrone derivatives, and oxadiazole derivatives. Furthermore, in the above oxadiazole derivative, a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron-withdrawing group can also be used as a material for the electron transport layer. it can. Furthermore, a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain, or a polymer material having these materials as a polymer main chain can also be used.

In addition, metal complexes of 8-quinolinol derivatives such as tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum (abbreviation: Alq ₃ ), tris (5,7-dichloro-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5,7-dibromo-8- Quinolinol) aluminum, tris (2-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, tris (5-methyl-8-quinolinol) aluminum, bis (8-quinolinol) zinc (abbreviation: Znq), etc. and the central metal of these metal complexes A metal complex replaced with In, Mg, Cu, Ca, Sn, Ga, or Pb can also be used as a material for the electron transport layer.

  The electron transport layer can be formed by thinning the above material by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a printing method including an inkjet method, and an LB method. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the layer thickness of an electron carrying layer, Usually, about 5 nm-5 micrometers, Preferably it exists in the range of 5-200 nm. The electron transport layer may have a single structure composed of one or more of the above materials.

(Blocking layer)
Examples of the blocking layer include a hole blocking layer and an electron blocking layer. In addition to the constituent layers of the organic layer 3 described above, the blocking layer is a layer provided as necessary. For example, it is described in JP-A Nos. 11-204258, 11-204359, and “Organic EL elements and their forefront of industrialization” (issued by NTT, Inc. on November 30, 1998). Hole blocking (hole block) layer and the like.

  The hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense. The hole blocking layer is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons but has a very small ability to transport holes, and recombines electrons and holes by blocking holes while transporting electrons. Probability can be improved. Moreover, the structure of an electron carrying layer can be used as a hole-blocking layer as needed. The hole blocking layer is preferably provided adjacent to the light emitting layer.

  On the other hand, the electron blocking layer has a function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense. The electron blocking layer is made of a material that has the ability to transport holes and has a very small ability to transport electrons. By blocking holes while transporting holes, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes is improved. Can be made. Moreover, the structure of a positive hole transport layer can be used as an electron blocking layer as needed. The layer thickness of the hole blocking layer applied to the present invention is preferably in the range of 3 to 100 nm, more preferably in the range of 5 to 30 nm.

〔cathode〕
The cathode (cathode) is an electrode film that functions to supply holes to the organic layer, and has a work function (4 eV or less) of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof as an electrode material. Used. Specifically, sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) mixture, indium, Examples include lithium / aluminum mixtures and rare earth metals.

Among these, from the point of durability against electron injection and oxidation, etc., a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function than this, for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, Magnesium / aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.

When the anode is formed as a transparent electrode, the cathode is formed using a light reflective metal. Among the metals, gold, aluminum, silver, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) mixture, and lithium / aluminum mixture are more preferable.

  The cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these conductive materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering. The sheet resistance as the second electrode is preferably several hundred Ω / □ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 5 nm to 5 μm, preferably 5 to 200 nm.

  The cathode is preferably patterned with a desired line width because the organic EL device according to the present invention has light-emitting portions of a single-sided emission type and non-light-emitting portions of light transmission alternately in a stripe shape.

  Patterning can be performed by a metal mask or an inkjet printing method at the time of film formation, or can be performed by a known etching method such as laser etching or photolithography, and any of the conventionally known methods can be appropriately used. .

  In the case of patterning, only the electrode may be patterned, the electrode and the light emitting layer may be patterned, or the entire layer of the device may be patterned. It is a simple method and is preferable.

  In the organic EL device according to the present invention, since the non-light-emitting portion is light-transmitting, the patterned light-reflective cathodes are each connected by a light-transmitting conductive sheet or electric wire to inhibit light transmittance. It is preferable that the currents are supplied uniformly by conducting each other.

  In addition, when the organic EL element takes out the emitted light h from the cathode side, the anode side becomes a light-reflecting patterned anode, so that a sheet-like cathode using a metal material having good light transmittance is formed. It is preferable to do.

(Sealing member)
Examples of the sealing means used for sealing the organic EL element include a method in which a sealing member, a cathode, and a transparent substrate are bonded with an adhesive.

  As a sealing member, it should just be arrange | positioned so that the display area | region of an organic EL element may be covered, and it may be concave plate shape or flat plate shape. Moreover, having transparency is preferable as an organic EL element that does not obstruct the driver's view. Having transparency means that the light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm is 50% or more, and preferably 70% or more.

  Specifically, a glass plate, a polymer plate, a polymer film, etc. are mentioned. Examples of the glass plate include soda-lime glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, and quartz. Examples of the polymer plate include polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfide, and polysulfone.

As the sealing member, glass and a polymer film can be preferably used from the viewpoint that the organic EL element can be made transparent and thin. Further, the polymer film has a water vapor transmission rate of 1 × 10 ⁻³ g / m ² .multidot.m at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5 ° C. and a relative humidity of 90 ± 2% RH measured by a method according to JIS K 7129-1992. The oxygen permeability measured by a method according to JIS K 7126-1987 is preferably 1 × 10 ⁻³ mL / m ² · 24 h · atm (1 atm is 1.01325 × 10 ⁵ a Pa) equal to or lower than a temperature of 25 ± 0.5 ° C., water vapor permeability at a relative humidity of 90 ± 2% RH is preferably not more than ^{1 × 10 -3 g / m 2} · 24h.

  In the gap between the sealing member and the display area (light emitting area) of the organic EL element, an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, or an inert liquid such as fluorocarbon or silicon oil is injected in the gas phase and liquid phase. It is preferable to do. Further, the gap between the sealing member and the display area of the organic EL element can be evacuated, or a hygroscopic compound can be sealed in the gap.

[Method for producing organic EL element]
As a manufacturing method of the organic EL element, a laminated body 10 is formed by laminating an anode, an organic layer, and a cathode on a transparent substrate.

  First, a transparent substrate is prepared, and vapor deposition or sputtering is performed on the transparent substrate so that a desired electrode material, for example, a thin film made of an anode material is 1 μm or less, preferably 10 to 200 nm. Thus, the anode is formed. At the same time, a portion connected to an external power source is formed at the anode end.

  Next, an organic layer including a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and the like is sequentially laminated thereon.

The formation of each of these layers includes spin coating, casting, inkjet, vapor deposition, and printing, but vacuum vapor deposition is easy because a homogeneous layer is easily obtained and pinholes are difficult to generate. The method or spin coating method is particularly preferred. Further, different formation methods may be applied for each layer. When employing a vapor deposition method for forming each of these layers, the vapor deposition conditions vary depending on the type of compound used, but generally a boat heating temperature of 50 to 450 ° C. and a degree of vacuum of 1 × 10 ⁻⁶ to 1 × 10 ⁻² Pa. It is desirable to appropriately select the respective conditions within the ranges of the deposition rate of 0.01 to 50 nm / second, the substrate temperature of −50 to 300 ° C., and the layer thickness of 0.1 to 5 μm.

  After the organic layer is formed as described above, a cathode is formed on the upper portion by patterning by an appropriate forming method such as vapor deposition or sputtering. At this time, it is preferable that the cathode is patterned in a shape in which a terminal portion is drawn from the upper side of the organic layer to the periphery of the transparent substrate while maintaining an insulating state with respect to the anode by the organic layer.

  After forming the cathode, the transparent substrate, the anode, the organic layer, and the cathode are sealed with a sealing member. That is, a sealing member that covers at least the organic layer is provided on the transparent substrate with the terminal portions of the anode and the cathode exposed.

[Other layers of organic EL elements]
<Hard coat layer>
In order to increase the mechanical strength of the element, a hard coat layer may be provided on the outside of the transparent substrate or the sealing member.

  The hard coat layer preferably contains a curable resin. The curable resin is not particularly limited, and the active energy ray curable resin or the thermosetting material obtained by irradiating the active energy ray curable material with an active energy ray such as ultraviolet ray to be cured is heated. The thermosetting resin etc. which are obtained by curing by the above method. The curable resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  As an active energy ray curable material used for forming the hard coat layer, specifically, UV curable organic / inorganic hybrid hard coat material OPSTAR (registered trademark) series manufactured by JSR Corporation (polymerizable unsaturated to silica fine particles) And a compound obtained by bonding an organic compound having a group). Specific examples of thermosetting materials include TutProm Series (Organic Polysilazane) manufactured by Clariant, SP COAT heat-resistant clear paint manufactured by Ceramic Coat, Nano Hybrid Silicone manufactured by ADEKA, DIC Corporation Unidic (registered trademark) V-8000 series, EPICLON (registered trademark) EXA-4710 (ultra-high heat resistant epoxy resin), Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. silicone resin X-12-2400 (trade name), Nitto Inorganic and organic nanocomposite material SSG Co., Ltd. manufactured by Spinning Co., Ltd. Thermosetting urethane resin composed of acrylic polyol and isocyanate prepolymer, phenol resin, urea melamine resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, silicone resin, polyamidoamine Epic Ruhidorin resins.

  The layer thickness of the hard coat layer is preferably about 0.1 to 10 μm, and roll coating method, rod bar coating method, air knife coating method, spray coating method, slide type curtain coating method, or US Pat. No. 2,761,419 And a wet coating method such as a slide hopper coating method and an extrusion coating method described in US Pat. No. 2,7617,91.

<Ultraviolet shielding layer>
In order to protect the organic layer according to the present invention from ultraviolet rays, it is preferable to provide an ultraviolet shielding layer outside the transparent substrate or the sealing member.

  The ultraviolet shielding layer is preferably a layer containing an ultraviolet absorbent dispersed or dissolved in a binder resin, and has a function of absorbing and shielding light in the light wavelength range of 200 to 350 nm.

  Examples of the ultraviolet absorber include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, and iron oxide as inorganic ultraviolet absorbers. Examples of the organic ultraviolet absorber include benzophenone, benzotriazole, phenyl salicylate, and triazine.

  As the inorganic ultraviolet absorber, it is preferable to use titanium oxide or zinc oxide, and the use of fine particle titanium oxide or fine particle zinc oxide having an average particle diameter in the range of 5 to 50 nm provides high transmittance to the functional sheet. It is preferable from the viewpoint of providing.

  Examples of the fine particle titanium oxide or fine particle zinc oxide include, as examples of commercially available products, fine particle titanium oxide TTO series (TTO-51 series, TTO-55 series, TTO-F series, TTO-W-5, etc.) manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd. ), And ultra-fine ZnO-containing UV-cut master pellets manufactured by CI Kasei Co., Ltd., and the like.

  Examples of benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers that are organic ultraviolet absorbers include 2,4-dihydroxy-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy-benzophenone, and 2-hydroxy. -4-dodecyloxy-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octadecyloxy-benzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-benzophenone, 2, 2 ', 4,4'-tetrahydroxy-benzophenone and the like.

  Examples of the benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber include 2- (2′-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole and 2- (2′-hydroxy-3 ′, 5′-di-t-butylphenyl) benzotriazole. 2- (2′-hydroxy-3′-t-butyl-5′-methylphenyl) benzotriazole and the like.

  Examples of the phenyl salicylate ultraviolet absorber include phenylsulcylate, 2-4-di-t-butylphenyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, and the like. Examples of hindered amine ultraviolet absorbers include bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate.

  Examples of triazine ultraviolet absorbers include 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy- 4-ethoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl- (2-hydroxy-4-propoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl- (2-hydroxy- 4-butoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-butoxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- ( 2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl) -1,3,5- Riazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diphenyl-6- (2-hydroxy-4-benzyloxyphenyl)- 1,3,5-triazine and the like can be mentioned.

  The amount of the ultraviolet absorber used is in the range of 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably in the range of 1 to 15% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 3 to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the ultraviolet shielding layer. It is. By making the amount used within these ranges, it is possible to improve the weather resistance while maintaining good adhesion to other constituent layers.

  The wet coating method used for forming the ultraviolet shielding layer is not particularly limited. For example, a roll coating method, a rod bar coating method, an air knife coating method, a spray coating method, a slide curtain coating method, or US Pat. No. 2,761,419 And a slide hopper coating method and an extrusion coating method described in US Pat. No. 2,761791 can be used as appropriate.

  It is also preferable to use a commercially available resin film having ultraviolet absorptivity as the ultraviolet shielding layer, such as PET film (trade name Teonex HB), PEN film (trade name Teonex Q65H or 65HA) manufactured by Teijin Deyupon Film Co., Ltd. Can be mentioned.

<Condenser sheet>
The organic EL device according to the present invention condenses light in a specific direction, for example, in the front direction with respect to the light emitting surface of the device, by combining, for example, a process of providing a structure on the microlens array on the light extraction side or a so-called condensing sheet. Thus, the luminance in a specific direction can be increased.

  As an example of the microlens array, quadrangular pyramids having a side of 30 μm and an apex angle of 90 degrees are arranged two-dimensionally on the light extraction side of the substrate. One side is preferably within a range of 10 to 100 μm. Within this range, it is preferable because the thickness is not excessively thick and coloring is not caused by the effect of diffraction.

  As the condensing sheet, for example, a sheet that is put into practical use in an LED backlight of a liquid crystal display device can be used. As such a sheet, for example, a brightness enhancement film (BEF) manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited can be used. As the shape of the prism sheet, for example, the base material may be formed by forming a △ -shaped stripe having a vertex angle of 90 degrees and a pitch of 50 μm, or the vertex angle is rounded and the pitch is changed randomly. Other shapes may be used.

  Moreover, in order to control the light emission angle from an organic EL element, you may use a light-diffusion plate and a film together with a condensing sheet. For example, a diffusion film (light-up) manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd. can be used.

<Adhesive layer>
The organic EL device according to the present invention is preferably bonded to the rear window surface via an adhesive layer containing an adhesive.

  By having the adhesive layer, peeling and wrinkles of the organic EL element over time can be suppressed. As an adhesion method using an adhesive layer, lamination can be performed by a dry lamination method, a wet lamination method, a hot melt lamination method, or the like using a conventional solvent-type adhesive. The adhesive constituting the adhesive layer is a conventional phenol resin-based adhesive, resorcinol resin-based adhesive, phenol-resorcinol resin-based adhesive, epoxy resin-based adhesive, urea resin-based adhesive, polyurethane-based adhesive, Thermosetting resin adhesives such as aromatic adhesives; reactive adhesives using ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers; vinyl acetate resins, acrylic resins, ethylene vinyl acetate resins, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetals , Thermoplastic resin adhesives such as vinyl chloride resin, nylon, cyanoacrylate resin; rubber adhesives such as chloroprene adhesive, nitrile rubber adhesive, SBR adhesive, natural rubber adhesive, etc. . In particular, an acrylic urethane-based adhesive is preferable because it has good elongation followability during molding.

The adhesive coating methods are gravure coater, gravure reverse coater, flexo coater, blanket coater, roll coater, knife coater, air knife coater, kiss touch coater, kiss touch reverse coater, comma coater, comma reverse coater, micro reverse coater, etc. The coating method can be used. The coating amount of the adhesive, the adhesive is sufficient, for drying is good is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30 g / ^{m 2,} particularly preferably, 2 to 10 g / ^{m 2} It is within the range. If the applied amount of the adhesive is too small, the adhesive strength is weakened, and if the applied amount of the adhesive is too large, the drying property tends to decrease. The thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30 μm, more preferably 1 to 20 μm, and particularly preferably 2 to 10 μm. The adhesive may be applied uniformly on the entire surface of the organic EL element or may be applied on a necessary portion.

  The adhesive surface is subjected to surface treatment such as plasma treatment, corona treatment, flame treatment, electron beam irradiation treatment, roughening treatment, ozone treatment for the purpose of improving the affinity with the adhesive constituting the adhesive layer. May be.

  Moreover, it can replace with an adhesive bond layer and can also provide an adhesive layer. As the pressure-sensitive adhesive constituting the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives, rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyalkyl silicon-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, urethane-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyester-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, and the like are preferably used.

  As a constituent material of the adhesive layer used in the present invention, for example, a 3M VHB (registered trademark) acrylic foam structure joining tape, a 3M transparent silicone resin / acrylic double-sided tape, or the like can be used. However, it is not limited to these.

  The vehicular lamp of the present invention is a vehicular lamp that takes advantage of the characteristics of the organic electroluminescence element, does not block the driver's rear view, has high emission luminance, and achieves low power consumption and long life. It can be suitably used for a high-mount stop lamp installed in a window.

1, 1a, 1b First electrode (anode)
1x Underlayer 1y Electrode layer 3 Organic layer 5, 5a, 5b Second electrode (cathode)
6-1, 6-2 Intermediate electrode layer 10 Laminated body 13 Transparent substrate 13a Light extraction surface 16 Lead electrode 17 Sealing member 18 Functional layer 19 Adhesive 100, 200 HMSL
102 rear window 103 LED light emitting device 104 defrost wiring 105 right conductor 106 left lead 107 body 108 adhesive layer 109 black film 203,300,400 organic EL element 203-1, 203-2 emitting section W _{1, W 2} line width h emission Light h1 emitted light h2 reflected light t transmitted light

Claims (6)

An organic electroluminescence element is installed on the rear window surface of the vehicle, and is a vehicle lamp that emits light to the rear of the vehicle,
The organic electroluminescent element has light emitting portions that emit light on one side and non-light emitting portions that are light-transmitting alternately in a stripe shape,
The rear window has at least a wiring area of electrical wiring or communication wiring; and
The vehicular lamp, wherein the light emitting unit is installed at least on the wiring region.   The vertical width of the light emitting portion installed on the wiring in the wiring region of the organic electroluminescence element is in the range of 50 to 120% of the vertical width of the wiring in the wiring region. The vehicle lamp according to Item. The light emitting portion of the organic electroluminescence element is configured with at least two or more different stripe-shaped line widths, and the stripe-shaped line width W ₁ of the light-emitting portion installed on the wiring in the wiring region and the wiring region the vehicular lamp according to claim 1 or claim 2 emitting portion striped line width W ₂ in the region with no wiring, and satisfies the following relation (W).
Relational expression (W) W ₂ <W ₁   The vehicular lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organic electroluminescence element is installed outside a passenger compartment on the surface of the rear window.   The organic electroluminescence element is installed on the vehicle interior side of the rear window surface, at least between the rear window surface on the vehicle interior side facing the wiring area of the electrical wiring or communication wiring and the organic electroluminescence element. 4. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a black film or a black tape is inserted at a position equal to or less than the width of the wiring in the wiring area and at the same position. 5. Light fixture.   The vehicular lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a hard coat layer or an ultraviolet shielding layer as an outermost layer of the organic electroluminescence element.

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