JP2017200459A - Elevated culture method and elevated culture apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an elevated culture apparatus capable of precisely managing the amount of a liquid to be supplied in accordance with the progress of photosynthesis of plants cultivated on a high cultivation bench set in a greenhouse.SOLUTION: According to the present invention, there is provided an elevated culture apparatus 30 in which a liquid supply unit 31 is controlled to carry out an operation of supplying water, a nutrient solution, etc. in a predetermined supply amount per unit time in a predetermined time period of a day to strawberry seedlings 23 through a supply pipe 4 arranged along an elevated cultivation bench 1. The elevated culture apparatus 30 is supplied with a measured value of the drained amount of a drained liquid, which flows from a drained liquid amount-measuring part 33 and is recovered to a drainage recovery part 32 along a drainage groove 14 at the bottom of the elevated cultivation bench 1. The elevated culture apparatus 30 increases or decreases the amount of a liquid to be supplied so as to maintain the drained liquid amount at a predetermined set amount based on the drained liquid amount.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevated cultivation method and an elevated cultivation apparatus for managing a liquid supply amount in accordance with the progress of photosynthesis of a plant cultivated on an elevated cultivation bench set in a greenhouse.

  In greenhouse cultivation of plants such as strawberries, planting directly on the ground, planting plants on a medium separated from the ground, and using alternative cultivation such as rock wool instead of soil as the culture medium has been adopted. The In elevated cultivation, an elevated cultivation bench having a configuration in which a long cultivation container containing a culture medium is supported at a predetermined height by a support base is used.

  Supply of liquids such as fertilizer (nutrient solution) and water to the plant planted on the medium of the elevated cultivation bench is performed using a liquid supply pipe disposed along the medium above the medium. Excess liquid supplied to the culture medium from the supply pipe gathers in the drainage groove extending in the length direction along the bottom of the culture medium, and is discharged out of the elevated cultivation bench from the drainage groove.

  The consumption of liquids such as plant fertilizer and water varies depending on the rate of plant photosynthesis. In the control of the amount of liquid supplied to the plant, it is necessary to supply the liquid with the amount of liquid supplied in accordance with the photosynthesis rate of the plant. Since the photosynthetic rate increases / decreases according to the amount of solar radiation, conventionally, a solar radiation proportional method that controls the liquid supply amount according to the amount of solar radiation has been adopted. Patent Document 1 discloses a method for hydroponically cultivating a plant that performs liquid supply management using a solar radiation proportional method.

JP 2004-8067 A

  Here, the photosynthetic rate of plants varies depending on factors other than the amount of solar radiation. For example, the photosynthetic rate varies depending on the carbon dioxide concentration. In order to increase the productivity of plants, carbon dioxide may be supplied to the plants to increase the rate of photosynthesis. Therefore, the solar radiation proportional method, which estimates the photosynthesis rate based on the amount of solar radiation and estimates the amount of liquid supply required by the plant based on this, and manages the liquid supply, is accurate according to the progress of photosynthesis of the plant. It may be difficult to control the amount of liquid supplied.

  In view of this point, the subject of the present invention is an elevated cultivation method capable of accurately managing the amount of liquid supply according to the progress of photosynthesis of plants cultivated on an elevated cultivation bench set in a greenhouse. It is to provide an upland cultivation device.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, according to the present invention, an elevated cultivation method for managing the amount of liquid supply in accordance with the progress of photosynthesis of plants cultivated on an elevated cultivation bench installed in a greenhouse,
Water or nutrient solution (hereinafter collectively referred to as water or nutrient solution) at a predetermined liquid supply amount per unit time in a predetermined time zone of the day through a liquid supply pipe arranged along an elevated cultivation bench. And called liquid)
The drainage liquid that flows down to the bottom of the elevated cultivation bench without being absorbed or retained in the medium of the plant and the elevated cultivation bench is discharged along the bottom of the elevated cultivation bench, and is collected in a predetermined drainage recovery unit,
Measure the amount of drainage collected in the drainage recovery unit,
The liquid supply amount is increased or decreased so that the drainage amount is maintained at a predetermined set amount.

Moreover, the upland cultivation apparatus by this invention is
A liquid supply pipe arranged along an elevated cultivation bench;
A liquid supply section for supplying liquid to the plant via the liquid supply pipe;
A drainage recovery unit;
A drainage passage that drains the drainage flowing down to the bottom of the elevated cultivation bench along the bottom of the elevated cultivation bench and guides it to the drainage recovery unit;
A drainage volume measurement unit for measuring the drainage volume collected in the drainage recovery unit;
The liquid supply unit is driven and controlled, and a liquid supply operation for supplying liquid to the plant at a predetermined liquid supply amount per unit time in a predetermined time zone of the day and a drainage measured by the drainage amount measurement unit A controller that performs a liquid supply amount management operation for increasing or decreasing the liquid supply amount so that the liquid amount is maintained at a predetermined set amount;
It is characterized by having.

  In this invention, the liquid supply amount is increased / decreased based on the change of the drainage amount discharged | emitted from a tall cultivation bench. The change in the drainage directly corresponds to the change in the liquid consumption of the plant. Therefore, according to this invention, the liquid supply management corresponding to the liquid consumption of a plant with high precision can be performed.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the tall cultivation bench for strawberry cultivation set in the greenhouse. It is a cross-sectional view of the elevated cultivation bench of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the tall cultivation apparatus provided with the tall cultivation bench of FIG.

  Below, with reference to drawings, the embodiment of the height-setting cultivation apparatus for strawberry cultivation to which the present invention is applied is described.

(Elevated cultivation bench)
With reference to FIG. 1, the structural example of the elevated cultivation bench for strawberry cultivation is demonstrated. The elevated cultivation bench 1 is generally arranged in multiple rows in a greenhouse for strawberry cultivation (not shown). The upright cultivation bench 1 is a long bench having a constant width and a constant height, and is supported by the long support base 2 constructed by assembling metal pipes, angle members, and the like. The long strawberry cultivation floor 3 is provided. The support base 2 can place the strawberry cultivation floor 3 in multiple stages, for example, two stages up and down. A liquid supply pipe 4 extending in a direction along the strawberry cultivation floor 3 is disposed above the strawberry cultivation floor 3. Liquid such as liquid fertilizer is supplied to the strawberry cultivation floor 3 through the liquid supply pipe 4.

  FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the elevated cultivation bench 1 and shows a portion cut along the line II-II in FIG. The support base 2 includes a pair of left and right support pipes 5 and 6 arranged at regular intervals along the length direction thereof, and a connection pipe 7 extending between the support pipes 5 and 6 in the width direction. ing. The pier pipes 8 and 9 extending horizontally inward in the width direction are attached to the upper end portions of the left and right support pipes 5 and 6 at the same height position. Container support pipes 10 and 11 extending in the length direction are bridged around the inner ends of the pier pipes 8 and 9.

  The strawberry cultivation floor 3 includes a strawberry cultivation container 12 made of foamed plastic made of foamed polystyrene or the like. The strawberry cultivation container 12 is supported by these pipes 10 and 11 in a state of being placed horizontally on the left and right container support pipes 10 and 11.

  The strawberry cultivation container 12 includes a recess 13 that opens upward. A drainage groove 14 having a rectangular cross section extending in the longitudinal direction is formed at the center of the bottom surface of the recess 13. A flexible waterproof sheet 15 is arranged so as to cover the inner peripheral surface and upper end surface of the recess 13 and the outer side surface of the strawberry cultivation container 12. A pair of left and right flexible hot wire tapes 16 and 17 are attached to the waterproof sheet 15. The hot wire tapes 16 and 17 are arranged in the length direction of the strawberry cultivation container 12.

  The upper end opening of the drainage groove 14 is blocked by a blocking plate 18. Two support plates 19 and 20 are disposed inside the drainage groove 14. The blocking plate 18 is supported by the support plates 19 and 20 so as not to fall into the drainage groove 14. A flexible root-proof sheet 21 is disposed so as to cover the waterproof sheet 15 and the blocking plate 18. From above, the concave portion 13 is filled with a medium 22 such as rock fiber fine cotton, and the strawberry cultivation floor 3 is configured. Strawberry seedlings 23 are planted on the strawberry cultivation floor 3.

(Elevated cultivation equipment)
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an elevated cultivation apparatus that performs liquid supply management for strawberries grown on the elevated cultivation bench 1. The elevated cultivation apparatus 30 includes the elevated cultivation bench 1, the liquid supply unit 31 that supplies liquid to the strawberry seedlings 23 through the liquid supply pipe 4 disposed along the elevated cultivation bench 1, and the elevated cultivation bench 1. A drainage collecting unit 32 that collects the drainage discharged through the drainage groove 14, a drainage amount measuring unit 33 that measures the amount of drainage collected in the drainage collecting unit 32, and a control that controls each part. Part 34 is provided.

  The liquid supply unit 31 includes a liquid tank 35 that stores liquid such as water and nutrient solution, and a liquid supply pump 36 that sends the liquid from the liquid tank 35 to the liquid supply pipe 4. The drainage recovery unit 32 includes a drainage tank 37, and the drainage amount measurement unit 33 is a flow meter that measures the amount of drainage collected in the drainage tank 37, for example.

  The control unit 34 controls the liquid supply unit 31 to perform a liquid supply operation for supplying liquid to the strawberry seedlings 23 at a predetermined liquid supply amount per unit time in a predetermined time period of the day. Let it be done. In addition, the control unit 34 determines the amount of drainage per unit time by the liquid supply unit 31 so that the drainage amount is maintained at a preset amount based on the change in the drainage amount measured by the drainage amount measurement unit 33. The liquid supply amount management for increasing / decreasing the liquid supply amount is performed.

  For example, when the predetermined time zone is reached, the liquid supply unit 31 performs a liquid supply operation for supplying liquid to the seedlings 23 with an initial set liquid supply amount under the control of the control unit 34. The initial set liquid supply amount is set to be larger than the liquid consumption amount of the seedling 23. Therefore, the surplus liquid flows down to the drainage groove 14 on the bottom side of the elevated cultivation bench 1. The drainage groove 14 has a water gradient toward the drainage tank 37. The drainage that has flowed down to the drainage groove 14 flows toward the drainage tank 37 and is collected in the drainage tank 37.

  The drainage amount collected in the drainage tank 37 is measured by the drainage amount measuring unit 33. When a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the liquid supply operation, the drainage begins to be collected in the drainage tank 37 through the drainage groove 14. The supplied liquid is consumed by the strawberry seedling 23 and a predetermined amount is held in the culture medium 22. When the amount of liquid consumed by the seedling 23 is constant, the amount of drainage per unit time becomes substantially constant after a predetermined time has elapsed since the drainage began to be collected.

  Here, when the amount of solar radiation and the like fluctuate with time, the photosynthetic rate of the seedling 23 changes accordingly, and the liquid consumption also changes. Further, in the case of an elevated cultivation bench equipped with a carbon dioxide supply system, the liquid consumption also changes because the photosynthetic rate changes according to the fluctuation of the supply amount. When the amount of liquid consumption changes, the amount of drainage collected in the drainage tank 37 changes accordingly.

  In a state where the liquid supply operation is performed with a constant liquid supply amount, when the photosynthesis becomes active, the liquid consumption increases, and thus the liquid discharge amount decreases. When the drainage amount becomes smaller than the set amount, the control unit 34 increases the supply amount from the initial supply amount so that the drainage amount returns to the set amount. Conversely, when the drainage amount increases, the liquid supply amount is decreased. Thereby, the liquid supply operation | movement corresponding to the liquid consumption of the seedling 23 can be performed accurately.

(Other embodiments)
Instead of controlling the amount of liquid supply based on the increase or decrease of the amount of drainage as described above, or together with this, the liquid supply is based on the amount of liquid retained in the culture medium 22 of the elevated cultivation bench 1. It is also possible to control the amount.

  In this case, the liquid holding amount held on the elevated cultivation bench 1 can be measured as follows. If it demonstrates with reference to FIG. 3, in the height cultivation bench 1, in the length direction, the bench block 1A of predetermined length can be moved to the up-down direction by the dead weight independently of the bench part 1B of both sides. As described above, it is separated from the other bench portion 1B. For example, the support stand 2A of the bench block 1A, the strawberry cultivation container 12A of the strawberry cultivation floor 3, and the culture medium 22A are separated. Each flexible sheet may remain connected.

  Further, the weight scale 41 is arranged so that the weight of the bench block 1A acts. The measurement value of the weighing scale 41 is supplied to the control unit 34. The control part 34 calculates the liquid holding | maintenance amount of the culture medium 22 of the strawberry cultivation floor 3 based on a measured value. For example, the control unit 34 increases or decreases the liquid supply amount so that the calculated liquid holding amount is maintained constant.

  For example, the weight before liquid supply of the strawberry cultivation floor 3 of the bench block 1A, the weight during liquid supply during the liquid supply operation, and the weight after liquid supply after the drainage starts to be collected are measured. The difference between the weight before liquid supply and the weight after liquid supply corresponds to the liquid holding amount. By comparing the weight before liquid supply and the weight during liquid supply, it is possible to know whether or not a necessary amount of liquid is retained in the culture medium 22. For example, the liquid supply management can be accurately performed by increasing or decreasing the liquid supply amount so that the set liquid retention amount is maintained in preference to the liquid supply management based on the drainage amount.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 High cultivation bench 1A Bench block 1B Bench part 2 Support stand 3 Strawberry cultivation floor 4 Supply pipe 12 Strawberry cultivation container 14 Drainage groove 15 Waterproof sheet 16, 17 Heating wire tape 21 Root prevention sheet 22 Medium 23 Strawberry seedling 30 High Planting apparatus 31 Liquid supply unit 32 Drainage collection unit 33 Drainage amount measurement unit 34 Control unit 35 Liquid tank 36 Liquid supply pump 37 Drainage tank 41 Weigh scale

Claims (4)

It is an elevated cultivation method for managing the amount of liquid supply according to the progress of photosynthesis of plants cultivated on an elevated cultivation bench installed in a greenhouse,
Through a liquid supply pipe arranged along the elevated cultivation bench, a liquid is supplied to the plant at a predetermined liquid supply amount per unit time in a predetermined time zone of the day,
The drainage that flows down to the bottom of the elevated cultivation bench without being absorbed or retained in the culture medium of the plant and the elevated cultivation bench is discharged along the bottom of the elevated cultivation bench, and is discharged to a predetermined drainage recovery unit. Recovered,
Measure the amount of drainage collected in the drainage recovery unit,
The tall cultivation method, wherein the liquid supply amount is increased or decreased so that the drainage amount is maintained at a predetermined set amount. It is an elevated cultivation device that manages the amount of liquid supply according to the progress of photosynthesis of plants cultivated on an elevated cultivation bench installed in a greenhouse,
A liquid supply pipe disposed along the elevated cultivation bench;
A liquid supply unit for supplying liquid to the plant via the liquid supply pipe;
A drainage recovery unit;
A drainage passage that drains the drainage flowing down to the bottom of the elevated cultivation bench along the bottom of the elevated cultivation bench and guides it to the drainage recovery unit,
A drainage amount measuring unit for measuring the drainage amount collected in the drainage recovery unit;
The liquid supply unit is driven and controlled, and is supplied by a liquid supply operation for supplying liquid to a plant at a predetermined liquid supply amount per unit time in a predetermined time zone of one day, and is measured by the drainage amount measurement unit. A controller for performing a liquid supply amount management operation for increasing or decreasing the liquid supply amount so that the drainage amount is maintained at a predetermined set amount;
An upright cultivation apparatus characterized by comprising: In claim 2,
The part of the predetermined length in the elevated cultivation bench is a bench block that can move up and down by its own weight, at least the part containing the medium of the part,
Having a weigh scale for measuring the weight of the part containing the medium of the bench block;
In the liquid supply amount management operation, the control unit calculates a liquid holding amount of the medium of the elevated cultivation bench based on the weight measured by the weighing scale, and the liquid holding amount is maintained at a predetermined amount. An upland cultivation device that increases or decreases the amount of liquid supply. In claim 3,
The elevated cultivation bench includes a long cultivation bed, and a support base that supports the cultivation bed,
The cultivation floor includes a long container opened upward, a flexible sheet arranged to cover the inner peripheral surface of the container, and a medium placed in the container from above the sheet. ,
The liquid supply pipe extends in the length direction of the cultivation bed above the cultivation bed,
Between the bench block and the other part of the elevated cultivation bench, the support base is separated, the container and the medium of the cultivation bed are separated, and the sheet is maintained in a connected state. Elevated cultivation equipment.

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