JP2017151303A - Musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a musical instrument that articulates sounds by playing vibrators, and improves expression power.SOLUTION: A musical instrument 1 comprises: a vibrator 21n that is played to vibrate; excitation means 17n that plays the vibrator 21n at fixed strength to be excited; detection means 32n that detects a vibration waveform of the vibrator 21n to output a vibration signal; amplification means 33n and 35 that acquire sound volume information expressing a sound volume, and being set regardless of a vibration of the vibrator 21n, and amplify the vibration signal in accordance with the sound volume information; and sound discharge means 36 that articulates sounds according to the amplified vibration signal.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a musical instrument that repels a vibrating body (metal piece, string, etc.).

  As described in the following Patent Document 1, when a key is pressed, a diaphragm is repelled by a claw assembled to the key or a claw assembled to a lever that rotates in conjunction with the key. Is known.

JP 2009-229534 A

  In the above-described conventional musical instrument, after the tip of the vibrating body is pushed up and bent by the nail, the bending amount of the vibrating body when the nail is separated from the vibrating body is the strength of pressing the key (key pressing speed). Regardless. For this reason, even if the key pressing strength (key pressing speed) is varied, the sound strength is substantially constant. That is, the strength of the sound cannot be controlled according to the strength of pressing the key (key pressing speed). Therefore, it has poor expressive power as a musical instrument.

  The present invention has been made to deal with the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a musical instrument that generates sound by repelling a vibrating body and has improved expressive power. In addition, in the description of each constituent element of the present invention below, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, reference numerals of corresponding portions of the embodiment are described in parentheses, but each constituent element of the present invention is The present invention should not be construed as being limited to the configurations of the corresponding portions indicated by the reference numerals of the embodiments.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is characterized in that a vibrating body (21 _n ) that vibrates and vibrates, an excitation means (17 _n ) that excites the vibrating body with a certain intensity, and the vibrating body. Detecting means (32 _n ) for detecting a vibration waveform of the sound and outputting a vibration signal representing the vibration waveform, and volume information (AM _n ) that is volume information representing the volume and set independently of the vibration of the vibrating body ) And amplifying means (33 _n ) for amplifying the vibration signal according to the volume information, and a sound emitting means (36) for sounding according to the amplified vibration signal. ).

  In this case, the information processing apparatus may further include a storage unit that stores the volume information, and the amplification unit may acquire the volume information from the storage unit.

  In this case, it is preferable to further include control means (37) for determining the volume in real time, and the amplification means may acquire volume information representing the determined volume from the control means.

  In this case, an operation element for designating the sound volume may be provided, and the control means may determine the sound volume in accordance with an operation mode of the operation element.

  According to the musical instrument configured as described above, a signal representing the vibration of the vibrating body is amplified and emitted as a sound from the sound emitting means. The amplification degree is determined according to the volume information set regardless of the vibration of the vibrating body. If volume information that appropriately changes the amplification degree is supplied to the amplification means, the volume of the sound emitted from the sound emission means can be changed. Therefore, the musical instrument according to the present invention has higher expressive power than the musical instrument disclosed in Patent Document 1.

According to another feature of the present invention, the excitation means has a movable part (11 _n , 17 _n ) that moves in a predetermined direction when the vibrating body is repelled, and the control means It is to be a musical instrument that determines the volume according to the operation mode.

In this case, the movable part is a key (11 _n ) supported so as to be swingable, and the control means may set the volume to a predetermined value when the key is released.

  In this case, the control means increases the amplification degree according to the first operation mode of the movable part, attenuates the amplification degree according to the second operation mode of the movable part, and The attenuation time of the amplification degree may be set according to the magnitude of the amplification degree set according to the operation mode.

  In this case, the control means increases the amplification degree according to the first operation mode of the movable part, attenuates the amplification degree according to the second operation mode of the movable part, and The attenuation factor of the amplification degree may be set according to the magnitude of the amplification degree set according to the operation mode.

  If the mechanism for vibrating the vibrating body and the operator for determining the amplification level are provided separately, the change in the vibration waveform of the vibrating body and the amplification level must be matched unless the operation timings of the two are matched. Unable to synchronize with changes. On the other hand, according to the present invention, the movable portion functions as a part of a mechanism that vibrates the vibrating body and also functions as a component that determines the degree of amplification. Therefore, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, the change in the vibration waveform of the vibrating body and the change in the amplification degree can be easily synchronized.

It is a perspective view showing composition about one key of a musical instrument concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view of the musical instrument of FIG. It is the schematic explaining a mode that a connection member curves. It is a block diagram of a sound system. It is a graph which shows the change of an amplification degree. It is a block diagram of the sound system which concerns on the modification of this invention.

  A musical instrument 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the musical instrument 1 includes a keyboard device 10, a sound source unit 20, and a sound system 30. The keyboard device 10, the sound source unit 20, and the sound system 30 are fixed to the casing of the musical instrument 1.

The keyboard device 10 includes a key 11 _{n = C3, C # 3,..., C5} , a frame 12, a key support portion _{13n = C3, C # 3,..., C5} , stoppers 14 and 15, and a coil spring 16. _{n = C3, C # 3,..., C5} , claw _{17n = C3, C # 3,..., C5} , and connecting member 18 _{n = C3, C # 3,.} In the present embodiment, the keyboard apparatus 10 is provided with the key 11 _n of 25 (2 octaves), the number of keys is not limited thereto, and may be set arbitrarily. In the following description, “n” as a subscript of each part represents a pitch assigned to the part.

The key 11 _n is extended in the front-rear direction. The keys 11 _{n = C3, C # 3,..., C5} are arranged in the horizontal direction (direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 2). The key 11 _n illustrated in FIG. 2 has the same shape as the white key of the piano, but may have the same shape as the black key of the piano. That is, the key 11 _n only needs to have a shape corresponding to the assigned pitch. The key 11 _n is made of a synthetic resin and is integrally formed using an injection molding method. The key 11 _n is supported by a key support portion 13 _n provided on the frame 12 at an intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction. The frame 12 supports members constituting the keyboard device 10. The key support portion 13 _n has a shaft portion 131 _n extending in parallel with the horizontal direction (the direction in which the keys 11 _n are arranged). The key 11 _n is supported so as to be rotatable around the axis of the shaft 131 _n . Below the front and rear ends of the key 11 _n, a stopper 15 for defining the rotation range of the key 11 _n are respectively provided. The stoppers 14 and 15 are composed of impact absorbing members such as synthetic rubber and felt, and are extended in the lateral direction so as to extend from the lowest sound key 11 _{n = C3} to the highest sound key 11 _{n = C5} . A coil spring 16 _n is provided below the front end of the key 11 _n . When the front of the key 11 _n is pushed downward, the key 11 _n rotates (in FIG. 2 counterclockwise) shank 131 _n around the. At that time, reduce press coil spring 16 _n front end portion of the key 11 _n is in contact with the coil spring 16 _n. The lower surface of the front end portion of the key 11 _n is in contact with the stopper 14, rotation of the key 11 _n is restricted. Next, when the key 11 _n is released, by the repulsive force of the coil spring 16 _n that contracted the press, the key 11 the front end of the _n is pushed upward, the key 11 _n is the shaft portion 131 _n around (Fig. (Clockwise in 2). The lower surface of the rear end portion of the key 11 _n is in contact with the stopper 15, rotation of the key 11 _n is restricted.

The rear end portion of the key 11 _n, the pawl 17 _n repelling diaphragm 21 _n are assembled. The claw 17 _n has a wedge shape. That is, the thickness (vertical dimension) gradually decreases toward the rear. And the upper surface of the upper surface and the pawl 17 _n of the rear end portion of the key 11 _n are connected by a thin plate-like connecting member 18 _n. That is, the lower surface of the front portion of the connecting member 18 _n is joined to the upper surface of the rear end portion of the key 11 _n, the lower surface of the rear side of the connecting member 18 _n is joined to the upper surface of the front end of the pawl 17 _n. In a natural state (state where no external force is applied to the pawl 17 _n), the upper surface of the upper surface and the pawl 17 _n key 11 _n is located in substantially the same plane. The connecting member 18 _n has flexibility. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the force acts upward at the rear end of the pawl 17 _n, the connecting member 18 side after the _n is deformed to be curved upward, pawl 17 _n of the upper surface is a key 11 It will be in the state inclined with respect to the upper surface of _n . On the other hand, when the downward force on the rear end of the connecting member 18 _n is applied, since the front end surface of the pawl 17 _n abuts against the rear end surface of the key 11 _n, the connecting member 18 _n is not curved, the key 11 attitude of the pawl 17 _n for _n is the same as the natural state. The connecting member 18 _n may be a metal or synthetic resin hinge. Further, the claw 17 _n and the connecting member 18 _n may be integrally formed.

A sound source unit 20 is disposed behind the plurality of keys 11 _n . The sound source unit 20 includes a diaphragm 21 _{n = C 3, C # 3,..., C 5} , and a resonance box 22. The diaphragm 21 _n is disposed behind the key 11 _n . The diaphragm 21 _n is made of metal. The diaphragm 21 _n has a main body portion 211 _n and a base end portion 212 _n . The main body portion 211 _n is formed in a plate shape extending in the front-rear direction. Thickness direction of the main body portion 211 _n is coincident with the vertical direction. The dimension in the longitudinal direction of the main body portion 211 _n is set according to the assigned pitch. That is, the natural frequency of the main body 211 _n corresponds to the frequency of the assigned pitch. The rear end of the main body portion 211 _n is connected to the front end of the base end portion 212 _n . The dimension in the width direction of the base end part 212 _n is larger than the dimension in the width direction of the main body part 211 _n . The base end portion 212 _n is fixed to the upper surface of the resonance box 22. In a state where the base end portion 212 _n is fixed to the resonance box 22, the main body portion 211 _n protrudes forward from the front end of the resonance box 22. A front end portion of the main body portion 211 _n is located slightly above the rear end portion of the pawl 17 _n. The key 11 _n is pressed and the key 11 _n rotates counterclockwise in FIG. 2, and the front end of the main body 211 _n is repelled by the claw 17 _n . Then, press the key 11 _n is released, the clockwise key 11 _n is rotated in FIG. 2, although pawl 17 _n abuts against the front end of the main body portion 211 _n, the rear end of the pawl 17 _n is upward Thus, the connecting member _18n is curved. That is, the claw 17 _n does not press the main body portion 211 _n . Therefore, even if the key 11 _n is released while the main body portion 211 _n is vibrating, the claw 17 _n stops the vibration of the main body portion 211 _n or generates a loud noise (chatter). Without doing so, the key 11 _n and the claw 17 _n return to their original positions (state shown in FIG. 2).

Resonance box 22 is a wooden box, emits a sound in resonance with the vibration of the main body portion 211 _n. The resonance box 22 is formed to be long in the horizontal direction so as to extend from a portion located behind the lowest tone key 11 _{n = C3} to a portion located behind the highest tone key 11 _{n = C5} . However, a separate resonance box may be provided for each key 11 _n .

As shown in FIG. 4, the sound system 30 includes a key operation detector 31 _{n = C3, C # 3,..., C5} , a vibration detector 32 _{n = C3, C # 3} ,. 33 _{n = C 3, C # 3,..., C 5} , an adder 34, a power amplifier 35, a speaker 36, and a control unit 37.

The key operation detector 31 _n is disposed below the key 11 _n . The key operation detector _31n includes a first switch and a second switch that are separated in the front-rear direction. Key 11 _n is pressed, the upper surface of the key operation detector 31 _n is pressed in contact with the lower surface of the key 11 _n, the first switch and the second switch is switched from the OFF state in this order to the ON state. The time difference between the switching timings of the two switches corresponds to the key pressing speed. When the key 11 _n is released, the second switch and the first switch are switched from the on state to the off state in this order. The time difference between the switching timings of the two switches corresponds to the key release speed.

The vibration detector 32 _n is disposed below the main body 211 _n of the diaphragm 21 _n . The vibration detector 32 _n is composed of a bar-shaped magnet extending in the vertical direction and a coil wound around the magnet. When the main body portion 211 _n at the upper vibration detector 32 _n vibrates, the magnetic field around the vibration detector 32 _n (especially upper) varies depending on the vibration. A current corresponding to the fluctuation of the magnetic field flows through the coil. The current flowing through the coil is supplied to the preamplifier 33 _n as a vibration signal VS _n representing the vibration waveform of the main body 211 _n .

The preamplifier 33 _n amplifies the vibration signal VS _n according to the amplification degree AM _n set by the control unit 37 described later, and supplies the amplified signal VS _n to the adder 34. The adder 34 adds the signals supplied from the preamplifiers 33 _{n = C 3, C # 3,..., C 5} and supplies them to the power amplifier 35. The power amplifier 35 amplifies the signal supplied from the adder 34 and supplies the amplified signal to the speaker 36. The speaker 36 emits sound according to the signal supplied from the power amplifier 35.

The control unit 37 is a computer including a calculation unit, a storage unit, a timer, and the like. The control unit 37 calculates the key pressing speed and the key releasing speed of each key 11 _n based on the switching timing of the state of the two switches of each key operation detector 31 _n . The control unit 37 determines the amplification degree AM _n according to the calculated key pressing speed and key releasing speed and supplies it to the preamplifier 33 _n . Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, at the timing T ₀ in the initial state (when the power is turned on), the control unit 37 sets the amplification degree AM _n to “0”. The control unit 37 amplifies in accordance with the key pressing speed of the key 11 _n at the timing T _{1 when} detecting that the key 11 _n is pressed (the second switch is switched from the OFF state to the ON state). Change degree AM _n . That is, the greater the key pressing speed, the larger the amplification degree AM _n is set. The control unit 37 immediately sets the amplification degree AM _n to a value corresponding to the key pressing speed as soon as the key 11 _n is detected to be pressed. That is, the rising speed of the amplification degree AM _n is constant regardless of the key pressing speed. Next, the control unit 37 starts to attenuate the amplification degree AM _n and sets it to “0” at the timing T ₂ when it is detected that the key 11 _n is released. Depending on the key release speed of the key 11 _n, decay time is set. That is, as the key release speed increases, the time pt _n (attenuation time) until the amplification degree AM _n reaches “0” is set smaller.

According to the musical instrument 1 configured as described above, a signal representing the vibration of the diaphragm 21 _n is amplified and emitted from the speaker 36 as sound. Then, the amplification degree AM _n changes according to the operation mode (key pressing speed and key releasing speed) of the key 11 _n . Therefore, the expressive power of the musical instrument 1 is higher than that of the musical instrument disclosed in Patent Document 1.

Further, a mechanism for vibrating the vibrating plate 21 _n, when the amplification degree AM _n operator for determining is provided separately, unless to match the operation timings of both diaphragm 21 _n it is not possible to synchronize the changes in the change amplification degree AM _n of the vibration waveform (amplitude). On the other hand, the key 11 _n of the present embodiment functions as a part of a mechanism that vibrates the diaphragm 21 _n and also functions as an operator for determining the amplification degree AM _n . That is, the amplification degree AM _n is controlled in real time according to the operation mode of the key 11 _n . Therefore, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, the change in the vibration waveform (amplitude) of the diaphragm 21 _n and the change in the amplification degree AM _n can be easily synchronized.

  Furthermore, in carrying out the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the object of the present invention.

The above embodiment is an example in which the present invention is applied to a musical instrument that repels a metal diaphragm 21 _n and produces a sound. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can also be applied to a musical instrument that repels a string.

In music boxes, harpsichords, etc., the greater the flexure of the vibrating body when repelling the vibrating body, the higher the volume and the higher the harmonic component of the sound. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, a low-pass type between the preamplifier 33 _n and an adder 34, a filter FL _n, such as low-cut type provided, the filter FL _n cutoff (passband) Frequency May be set according to the key pressing speed. For example, when the low-pass filter FL _n is employed, the cutoff frequency is set higher as the key pressing speed is higher. According to this, not only the volume but also the timbre can be changed according to the key pressing speed.

For example, in the above embodiment, the decay time of the amplification degree AM _n is determined according to the key release speed of the key 11 _n . However, the attenuation time of the amplification degree AM _n may be constant. The control unit 37, when detecting that the key 11 _n is released, instead of gradually reducing the amplification degree AM _n, be set to "0" the amplification degree AM _n immediately good. Further, the attenuation rate of the amplification degree AM _n may be determined according to the key release speed of the key 11 _n . For example, the attenuation rate is set larger as the key release speed increases.

The musical instrument 1 may include a damper pedal similar to a conventional electronic musical instrument. In this case, the control unit 37 detects the on / off state of the damper pedal. When the key 11 _n is released and the damper pedal is in the off state, the control unit 37 returns the amplification degree AM _n to the initial state. That is, even if the key 11 _n is released, if the damper pedal is depressed (when in the on state), the control unit 37 sets the value of the amplification degree AM _n according to the key pressing speed. Do not change from the value.

The configuration of the mechanism (keyboard apparatus 10) repelling diaphragm 21 _n is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, a keyboard device having a mechanism for rotating a member provided with a claw around the disk in a certain direction, such as the keyboard device described in Patent Document 1 may be adopted. In addition, instead of the key 11 _n, slide lever, may be employed, such as push-button switch.

In the above embodiment, the amplification degree AM _n is controlled according to the key pressing speed and key releasing speed of the key 11 _n . That is, the key 11 _n functions as a part of a mechanism that repels the diaphragm 21 _n and also functions as an operator that determines the amplification degree AM _n . However, the musical instrument 1 may include an operation element different from the key 11 _n, and the amplification degree AM _n may be set according to the operation mode of the operation element. For example, the musical instrument 1 may include a wheel, a lever, or the like as the operation element, and may determine the amplification degree AM _n according to the position (indicated value) of these indices, the operation speed, or the like.

The configuration of the key operation detecting unit 31 _n is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, a detector that detects a key pressing depth, a swing angle, and the like of the key 11 _n may be used as the key operation detector 31 _n . Further, the configuration of the vibration detector 32 _n is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, a detector that detects the distortion of the main body 211 _n may be used as the vibration detector 32 _n . Also, a detector for detecting the position of the claw 17 _n (the height of the tip) is provided, and the control is performed at the timing when it is detected that the claw 17 _n has reached a predetermined position when the key 11 _n is pressed. The unit 37 may change the amplification degree AM _n to a value corresponding to the key pressing speed.

The musical instrument 1 may also include an actuator that drives the key 11 _n according to preset pronunciation information (music data). The musical instrument 1 may include an actuator that directly repels the diaphragm 21 _n in accordance with preset pronunciation information. In these cases, the control unit 37 may include a storage device that stores preset sound volume information. Then, the control unit 37, in synchronization with the sound information, reads the volume information may be changed amplification degree AM _n in accordance with the read sound information.

In the above embodiment, the musical instrument 1 includes preamplifiers 33 _{n = C3, C # 3,..., C5} corresponding to the diaphragms 21 _{n = C3, C # 3} ,. Yes. However, the number of preamplifiers 33 may be smaller than the number of diaphragms 21. In this case, the preamplifier 33 may be assigned to the diaphragm 21 according to a predetermined rule. For example, the preamplifier 33 assigned to the diaphragm 21 having the oldest vibration start time among the vibrating diaphragms 21 may be assigned to the diaphragm 21 that has newly started vibration.

Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the musical instrument 1 is provided with the resonance box 22, when the resonance sound is unnecessary, you may delete the resonance box 22. FIG. In this case, it may be provided a support member for supporting the diaphragm 21 _n. For example, a rail-like member extending in the left-right direction may be provided as the support member. Further, for example, a columnar member extending in the vertical direction may be provided for each diaphragm 21 _n as the supporting member.

The musical instrument 1 includes a device that generates electronically synthesized musical sounds, as in the case of conventional electronic musical instruments, and electronically synthesizes musical sounds obtained by amplifying the vibration of the diaphragm 21 _n. The generated musical sound may be emitted from the speaker 36 at the same time.

1 ... instrument, 10 ... keyboard device, ₁₁ n ... key, 12 ... frame, ₁₃ n ... key support portion, 15 ... stopper, ₁₇ n ... pawl, 18 _n: connecting member, 20: sound source section, 21 _n: diaphragm, 22: resonance box, 30: sound system, 31 _n: key operation detector, 32 _n ..Vibration detector, 33 _n: Preamplifier, 34: Adder, 35: Power amplifier, 36: Speaker, 37: Control unit, 131 _n: Shaft unit, 211 _n ... Main body part, 212 _n ... Base end part, AM _n ... Amplification degree, FL _n ... Filter, VS _n ... Vibration signal

Claims (8)

A vibrating body that repels and vibrates,
Excitation means for exciting the vibrator with a constant intensity;
Detecting means for detecting a vibration waveform of the vibrating body and outputting a vibration signal representing the vibration waveform;
Amplifying means for acquiring volume information representing volume and set volume information regardless of the vibration of the vibrating body, and amplifying the vibration signal according to the volume information;
Sound emitting means for sounding according to the amplified vibration signal;
A musical instrument with The instrument according to claim 1,
And further comprising storage means for storing the volume information,
The amplification means is a musical instrument that acquires the volume information from the storage means. The instrument according to claim 1,
A control means for determining the volume in real time;
The amplifying unit is a musical instrument that acquires volume information representing the determined volume from the control unit. The musical instrument according to claim 3,
It has a controller to specify the volume,
The control means is an instrument that determines the volume according to an operation mode of the operation element. The musical instrument according to claim 3,
The excitation means has a movable part that moves in a predetermined direction when the vibrating body is repelled,
The control means is an instrument that determines the volume according to an operation mode of the movable part. The musical instrument according to claim 5,
The movable part is a key supported to be swingable,
The control means is an instrument that sets the volume to a predetermined value when the key is released. The musical instrument according to claim 5 or 6,
The control means increases the amplification degree according to the first operation mode of the movable part, attenuates the amplification degree according to the second operation mode of the movable part, and according to the first operation mode. A musical instrument that sets an attenuation time of the amplification degree according to the set amplification degree. The musical instrument according to claim 5 or 6,
The control means increases the amplification degree according to the first operation mode of the movable part, attenuates the amplification degree according to the second operation mode of the movable part, and according to the first operation mode. A musical instrument that sets an attenuation rate of the amplification degree according to the set amplification degree.

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