JP2017138334A - 癌患者の生存可能性を決定するためおよび癌患者における転移可能性を予測するための方法 - Google Patents
癌患者の生存可能性を決定するためおよび癌患者における転移可能性を予測するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年5月19日に出願した米国仮特許出願第61/488,028号からの米国特許法第119条(e)項の下での優先権を主張する。米国仮特許出願第61/488,028号の開示は、その全体が本明細書において参考としてここで援用される。
本発明は一般に、HER2陽性癌、例として進行した乳癌を有する患者中のHER2またはp95の発現総量を正確に定量化する方法、および、そのような患者において、HER2またはp95の発現を脳における再発のリスクと相関させる方法に関する。
乳癌に伴う脳への転移は、特に芳しくない予後と関連がある。脳への転移は、生活の質に重大な影響を及ぼし、全身療法に対して比較的抵抗性である。乳癌は、脳への転移の、2番目に多い原因である。生物学的根拠はまだ十分に理解されていないが、HER2陽性乳癌を有する患者は、脳への転移の特に高いリスクを有する。しかし現時点では、HER2陽性の進行性乳癌患者において脳における再発をもたらす傾向と一貫して関連があることが示されている臨床的または生物学的な特徴がない。同様に、脳における再発を予測するためのロバストな分子マーカーも開発されていない。
本発明は一般に、進行性乳癌を有する患者中のHER2またはp95の発現総量を正確に定量化する方法、ならびに、そのような患者において、HER2またはp95の発現を脳における再発のリスクおよび脳への転移までの時間(TTBM)と相関させる方法に関する。本明細書に記載する本発明の実施形態は、VeraTag(登録商標)技術を活用して、腫瘍試料中のHER2およびp95のタンパク質発現総量を正確に定量化する方法、ならびに、トラスツズマブ等の治療を受けた患者を含めた、HER2陽性の進行性乳癌患者において、HER2レベルと脳における再発のリスクとを相関させる方法を含む。
特定の実施形態では、例えば以下が提供される:
(項目1)
脳への転移についてスクリーニングすべきである、HER2陽性癌を有する被験体を同定する方法であって、
(a)該被験体の癌から腫瘍の生物学的試料を得るステップと、
(b)該生物学的試料中のHER2またはp95の少なくとも1つの量を測定するステップと、
(c)該被験体の試料中のHER2タンパク質またはp95タンパク質の少なくとも1つの量が、HER2のカットオフまたはp95のカットオフを上回るかどうかを決定するステップと、
(d)該HER2またはp95の少なくとも1つの量が、該HER2のカットオフまたは該p95のカットオフを上回る場合、該被験体を、脳への転移についてスクリーニングすべきであることを示すステップと
を含む方法。
(項目2)
HER2作用剤を用いる治療および第2の形態の癌治療を受けるべきである、HER2陽性癌を有する被験体を同定する方法であって、
(a)該被験体の癌から腫瘍の生物学的試料を得るステップと、
(b)該生物学的試料中のHER2またはp95の少なくとも1つの量を測定するステップと、
(c)該被験体の試料中のHER2タンパク質またはp95タンパク質の少なくとも1つの量が、HER2のカットオフまたはp95のカットオフを上回るかどうかを決定するステップと、
(d)該HER2またはp95の少なくとも1つの量が、該HER2のカットオフまたは該p95のカットオフを上回る場合、該被験体は、HER2作用剤を用いる治療および第2の形態の癌治療を受けるべきであることを示すステップと
を含む方法。
(項目3)
HER2陽性癌を有する被験体において予想される脳への転移までの時間(TTBM)を決定するための方法であって、
(a)該被験体の癌から腫瘍の生物学的試料を得るステップと、
(b)該生物学的試料中のHER2またはp95の少なくとも1つの量を測定するステップと、
(c)該被験体の試料中のHER2タンパク質またはp95タンパク質の少なくとも1つの量が、HER2のカットオフまたはp95のカットオフを上回るかどうかを決定するステップと、
(d)該HER2のカットオフまたはp95のカットオフを上回るかまたは下回るHER2またはp95のレベルを有する参照集団における脳への転移の経時的な発生率に基づいて、該被験体の予想されるTTBMを示すステップと
を含む方法。
(項目4)
HER2陽性癌を有する被験体が、脳への転移が発生するリスクを有するかどうかの相対的可能性を決定するための方法であって、
(a)該被験体の癌から腫瘍の生物学的試料を得るステップと、
(b)該生物学的試料中のHER2またはp95の少なくとも1つの量を測定するステップと、
(c)該被験体の試料中のHER2タンパク質またはp95タンパク質の少なくとも1つの量が、HER2のカットオフまたはp95のカットオフを上回るかどうかを決定するステップと、
(d)該生物学的試料中の該HER2タンパク質またはp95タンパク質の量が、該HER2のカットオフまたはp95のカットオフを上回る場合、該被験体は、脳への転移が発生するリスクを有する可能性がより高いことを示すステップと
を含む方法。
(項目5)
HER2陽性癌を有する被験体が、脳への転移についてスクリーニングすべきである、HER2陽性癌被験体のサブセットに属するかを決定する方法であって、
(a)該被験体の癌から腫瘍の生物学的試料を得るステップと、
(b)該生物学的試料中のHER2またはp95の少なくとも1つの量を測定するステップと、
(c)該被験体の試料中のHER2タンパク質またはp95タンパク質の少なくとも1つの量が、HER2のカットオフまたはp95のカットオフを上回るかどうかを決定するステップと、
(d)該HER2またはp95の少なくとも1つの量が、該HER2のカットオフまたは該p95のカットオフを上回る場合、被験体を、脳への転移についてスクリーニングすべきであることを示すステップと
を含む方法。
(項目6)
前記被験体の癌が、HER2遺伝子の発現レベルの上昇、HER2タンパク質のレベル、またはHER2遺伝子の増幅に基づいて、HER2陽性であることが特徴付けられている、項目1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記被験体の癌が乳癌を含む、項目1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記被験体の癌が原発性乳癌を含む、項目1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記被験体が、血液脳関門を横断しないHER2作用剤を用いる治療を受けている、項目1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記HER2作用剤が、モノクローナル抗体である、項目9に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記モノクローナル抗体が、トラスツズマブである、項目10に記載の方法。
(項目12)
前記HER2のカットオフが、
(i)HER2陽性乳癌を有する被験体の参照集団において決定されるHER2の量の中央値、または
(ii)HER2陽性乳癌を有する被験体の参照集団において決定される、HER2の最適化された量
のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、項目1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目13)
前記HER2陽性乳癌を有する被験体の参照集団が、血液脳関門を横断しないHER2作用剤を用いる治療を受けている、項目1から12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目14)
前記p95のカットオフが、
(i)HER2陽性乳癌を有する被験体の参照集団において決定されるp95の量の中央値;または
(ii)HER2陽性乳癌を有する被験体の参照集団において決定される、p95の最適化された量
のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、項目1から13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目15)
前記HER2陽性乳癌を有する被験体の参照集団が、血液脳関門を横断しないHER2作用剤を用いる治療を受けている、項目14に記載の方法。
(項目16)
前記第2の形態の癌治療が、HER2標的化低分子薬物、化学療法および/または放射線療法を含む、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目17)
前記生物学的試料中の前記HER2の量が、前記HER2のカットオフを上回る場合、前記被験体が脳への転移を免れる見込みが、約1年で約73%、約2年で約61%、約3年で約37%である、項目2および16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目18)
前記生物学的試料中の前記HER2の量が、前記HER2のカットオフを下回る場合、前記被験体が脳への転移を免れる見込みが、約1年で約89%、約2年で約78%、約3年で約69%である、項目2、16および17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目19)
前記生物学的試料中の前記p95の量が、前記p95のカットオフを上回る場合、前記被験体が脳への転移を免れる見込みが、約1年で約77%、約2年で約63%、約3年で約40%である、項目2および項目16から18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目20)
前記生物学的試料中の前記p95の量が、前記p95のカットオフを下回る場合、前記被験体が脳への転移を免れる見込みが、約1年で約85%、約2年で約77%、約3年で約67%である、項目2および項目16から19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目21)
前記生物学的試料中の前記HER2の量が前記HER2のカットオフを下回り、前記p95の量が前記p95のカットオフを上回る場合、前記被験体が脳への転移を免れる見込みが、約1年で約80%、約2年で約66%、約3年で約50%である、項目2および項目16から20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目22)
前記生物学的試料中の前記HER2の量が前記HER2のカットオフを下回り、前記p95の量が前記p95のカットオフを下回る場合、前記被験体が脳への転移を免れる見込みが、約1年で約94%、約2年で約86%、約3年で約80%である、項目2および項目16から21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目23)
前記生物学的試料中の前記HER2の量が、前記HER2のカットオフを上回る場合、該量が前記HER2のカットオフを下回るときと比較して、前記被験体が、脳への転移の約2.6倍増加したリスクを有する、項目2および項目16から22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目24)
前記生物学的試料中の前記p95の量が、前記p95のカットオフを上回る場合、該量が前記p95のカットオフを下回るときと比較して、前記被験体が、脳への転移の約2倍増加したリスクを有する、項目25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
(項目25)
前記被験体の癌がグレード1または2でありかつ前記生物学的試料中の前記HER2の量が前記HER2のカットオフを下回る場合、該被験体の癌がグレード3であったとき、または該被験体の癌がグレード1もしくは2でありかつ該生物学的試料中の該HER2の量が該HER2のカットオフを上回ったときと比較して、該被験体が、脳への転移の約5.7分の1に減少したリスクを有する、項目25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
定義および略語
本明細書で使用される場合、用語「実施形態」および「態様」は、互換的に使用される。
本発明は一般に、HER2陽性の癌、例として、進行性乳癌を有する患者中のHER2またはp95の発現総量を正確に定量化する方法、およびそのような患者において、HER2またはp95の発現を脳への転移のリスクと相関させる方法に関する。本発明の方法により、被験体から得られた生物学的試料中のHER2および/またはp95の量に基づいて、被験体をリスクのサブグループに分類することを可能にするための定量的なHER2およびp95のカットオフの同定が可能になる。またその上、本発明の方法により、全体としての被験体集団に関する被験体のリスクの、HER2および/またはp95の定量的測定による特徴付けも可能になる。
B−(L−E)k
一態様では、分子タグEは、(M、D)であり、ここで、Mは移動度改変部分であり、Dは検出部分である。表記法「(M、D)」を使用して、Mの部分およびDの部分の順番が、どちらの部分も、切断可能な連結Lに隣接し得る順番として表示することができることを示す。すなわち、「B−L−(M、D)」により、「B−L−M−D」または「B−L−D−M」の2つの形態の結合性化合物のどちらもが指定される。
乳癌は、脳における再発の目覚ましく高いリスクを有する悪性腫瘍に属する。Tsukada, Y.ら、Central nervous system metastasis from breast carcinoma、Autopsy study、Cancer52巻:2349〜2354頁(1983年);Schouten, L.J.ら、Incidence of brain metastases in a cohort of patients with carcinoma of the breast, colon, kidney, and lung and melanoma、Cancer94巻:2698〜26705頁(2002年)。乳癌に伴う脳への転移は、芳しくない予後と関連があり、生活の質に重大な影響を及ぼし、全身療法に対して比較的耐性である。脳における再発の特に高いリスクは、HER2遺伝子の過剰発現または増幅と関連がある。Hicks, D.G.ら、Breast cancers with brain metastases are more likely to be estrogen receptor negative, express the basal cytokeratin CK5/6, and overexpress HER2 or EGFR、Am J Surg Pathol.30巻:1097〜1104頁(2006年); Gabos, Z.ら、Prognostic significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor positivity for the development of brain metastasis after newly diagnosed breast cancer、J Clin Oncol.、24巻:5658〜5663頁(2006年);Gonzalez-Angulo, A.M.ら、Central nervous system metastases in patients with high-risk breast carcinoma after multimodality treatment、Cancer101巻:1760〜1766頁(2004年)。
被験体の試料の解析
HER2レベルは、TTBMと相関する
a.内臓、骨および軟部組織の3つのカテゴリーのうちのいずれかの間の有意な差についての検定。
b.脳への転移のリスクに対する、その他の進行の作用を調べるために、時間依存性の変数として使用した、脳外での進行までの時間。
c.グレード1の症例が3つしかなかったので、グレード1と2とを組み合わせた。
d.VeraTag(登録商標)HER2陽性の状態を、>17.8のH2Tと定義し、VeraTag(登録商標)HER2陰性を、≦10.5のH2Tと定義し、不確実は、これら2つの限界の間とする。これらのカットオフは、センターの研究室が決定したHER2陰性の95パーセンタイルおよびHER2陽性の5パーセンタイルと一致することが以前に見出された。Huangら、Amer. J. Clin. Pathol.、134巻:303〜311頁(2010年)を参照されたい。
e.ハザード比を推定するのに不十分な数の事象。
−4つの症例は、PgRについて不明であり、4つの症例は、FISHについて不明であり、7つの症例は、FISHのスポットの数が多過ぎて、クラスターをなし、信頼できるカウントが得られなかった。
H2Tおよびp95のレベルは、FISH陽性の集団において、TTBMと相関する
腫瘍のグレードの、脳への転移までの時間とのH2Tの相関性に対する作用
脳への転移以外の進行の影響
優性の転移部位による、HER2タンパク質のレベル
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