JP2017120050A - Vertical wind power generation system, vertical water power generation system and control method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vertical wind power generation system capable of corresponding to a various range of wind speed from gentle wind to strong wind to attain high conversion efficiency to rotation energy, a vertical water power generation system, and a control method therefor.SOLUTION: A vertical wind power generation system 15 includes a vertical blade 1, a plurality of straight wings 2 arranged concentrically, an arm 3, a shaft unit 4, a dynamo 5, a pole 6, a shaft unit holding part 7, rotation means 9, a rotational angle control device, a rotational angle table 14, wind speed detection means 17, rotational frequency detection means 18, wind direction detection means 19, rotation suppression torque changing means, a dynamo controller (rotational frequency control means), a power controller, and a connection part 24. Also, the vertical wind power generation system causes a flow rate distribution adding device to focus a flow rate to a rotational angle with high power generation efficiency to greatly improve power generation efficiency.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a wind power generation system that converts wind energy into blade rotation energy and converts the rotation energy into electrical energy, and particularly relates to a significant improvement in blade rotation energy in a vertical wind power generation system. It is.
Moreover, by changing the fluid from wind to water, the application field of the present technology can be expanded to the field of hydroelectric power generation.

  In recent years, development of wind power generation systems using natural wind energy has been promoted around the world from the viewpoint of protecting the natural environment by reducing harmful emissions and utilizing natural energy, and many systems are installed and operating.

  There are horizontal and vertical wind power generation systems, and the horizontal type has a high blade rotation speed and generates wind noise, and the wind direction that can generate power is limited, so a mechanism that always follows the wind direction is required. It has the problem of becoming. On the other hand, the vertical type has a relatively low rotational speed and is less worried about noise, and it is not necessary to consider the direction of the wind, but it is known that the conversion efficiency to rotational energy (rotational energy conversion efficiency) is relatively low. Yes.

In a vertical wind power generation system, in order to increase the rotational energy conversion efficiency from wind energy to electric power energy, the rotational energy conversion efficiency at the average wind speed with a relatively high appearance rate is increased, and the entire environmental conditions from light wind to strong wind Therefore, it is necessary to always generate power as much as possible. Here, the rotational energy conversion efficiency is defined as Cp as the rotational energy conversion efficiency, which is the conversion efficiency (%) for converting the kinetic energy of the wind that passes through the blade wind receiving area per unit time into the rotational energy of the blade.
Further, the value obtained by dividing the rotational energy (W) by the angular velocity ω (rad / s) becomes the rotational torque (N−m) by the rotational force in the tangential direction of the entire vertical blade as the cylindrical rotating body. The wind energy is represented by 1 / 2ρAV ³ , A is the wind receiving area (diameter × wing length) (m ² ) of the vertical blade, V is the wind speed (m / s), ρ is the air density (kg / m ³ ).

  In order to generate electricity from light winds, it is necessary to have a self-starting property that can smoothly convert wind kinetic energy into blade rotational energy from the time of light winds. It is necessary to construct a vertical wind power generation system that is not mechanically and electrically damaged.

Therefore, as a configuration for improving the starting characteristics, a vertical wind power generation system having a configuration in which a part of the airfoil is cut away to increase the drag and a configuration in which the blade is rotated by using a cam or a link mechanism has been proposed. (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2).
Specifically, in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 5 and paragraph 0007 of Patent Document 1, since the notch portion 22 is formed in the rear edge portion, when the blade 20 receives wind from behind and rotates, A large air resistance is generated in the blade 20 by the notch 22, and a rotational moment is generated in the blade 20 by a semi-cylindrical type cup-type windmill effect so that a starting torque of the windmill is generated.

In Patent Document 2, as shown in FIG. 6 of Patent Document 2, the magnitude of the lift is changed by changing the angle of the blade 3 using a cam or link mechanism to increase the lift at low speed, It is configured to reduce the lift that is sometimes generated.
Furthermore, in Patent Document 3, as shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 3, the startup characteristics are improved by mounting a plurality of blades on the rotor 4.

Japanese Patent No. 4514502 JP 2006-152922 A JP 2005-90332 A

  The conventional vertical wind power generation system described above has a rotational torque of any design conditions (relationship between solidity, angle of attack and lift and drag, conditions of blade mounting angle, and peripheral speed ratio). Whether it increases, how the peripheral speed ratio, blade performance and Reynolds number are related, what happens if the airfoil changes, rotational torque and solidity when arranged concentrically, peripheral speed ratio, wind speed, The most essential considerations such as the relationship with the angle of attack are not discussed or disclosed.

  Therefore, it is unclear how much the rotational torque or the power generation efficiency is increased at what relative angle. In addition, since the aerodynamic optimum solution has not been reached, it is difficult to obtain the rotational torque of the blade when the wind is about 2 m / s, and a higher wind speed is required for the blade to rotate. In the vicinity of the average wind speed (for example, around 6 m / s) having the highest appearance frequency, the power generation efficiency is lowered due to the influence of the blade shape of the blade and the shift in the optimum angle of attack that maximizes the lift. Therefore, it becomes difficult to provide a vertical wind power generation system with high power generation efficiency.

  Furthermore, the blade rotation torque can be reduced slightly even in response to excessive wind force during strong winds, and it is difficult to accurately control blade rotation against actual strong winds, which is long in strength. The problem of being unsuitable for time operation occurs, and the life and reliability of the vertical wind power generation system become major issues.

  In addition, cams and links are only effective in a specific wind direction, and if the wind direction changes, conversely the rotational energy conversion efficiency deteriorates, the adjustment range is narrow, and what angle adjustment is performed, There was a problem that the degree of the effect was not considered at all.

  Furthermore, although the starting characteristics of the notch 22 at the rear edge of Patent Document 1 are slightly improved, significant improvement in starting performance cannot be expected unless the cause of the negative torque during starting is improved. On the contrary, the original blade characteristics are lost due to the lack, and there is a problem that the power generation amount during normal rotation is greatly reduced due to a significant decrease in lift.

Further, Patent Document 3 proposes that a concentric double blade is configured to improve the start-up characteristics, and that the start-up characteristics are improved and the rotational force can be increased even at high speed rotation. ing. However, there is no mention of what kind of configuration will improve the start-up characteristics or why the start-up characteristics improve, and theoretical considerations based on relationships with solidity, rotation speed, wind speed, etc. It has not been.
Originally, in order to improve the starting characteristics, the solidity, arrangement, and relative angle of the blades are essential consideration factors, and it is difficult to improve the starting characteristics without these factors. Similarly, whether or not the rotational torque is increased during high-speed rotation is determined by the blade solidity, arrangement, relative angle, etc., but no consideration is given regarding this point.

Even if the blades are simply configured concentrically in a double circle, remarkable start-up characteristics and improvement in power generation efficiency during high-speed rotation cannot be realized without considering solidity, peripheral speed ratio and wind speed. Blade characteristics that take into account all of these factors, including blade characteristics such as lift and drag, blade size, number of blades, solidity, and relative angle of blades, are important factors in improving starting characteristics and characteristics during high-speed rotation. The configuration is an indispensable requirement, and if this point is not taken into consideration, the start-up characteristics and the power generation efficiency cannot be significantly improved.
In the configuration described in Patent Document 3, even if the starting characteristics slightly change, the inner blade becomes a resistance during normal rotation or high-speed rotation, and on the contrary, the power generation efficiency is greatly reduced. The desired effects such as significant improvement in starting characteristics and power generation efficiency cannot be obtained.

  As described above, in the vertical wind power generation system disclosed in the prior document, the blade rotation cannot be started at the time of light wind, the power generation efficiency at the average wind speed is reduced, and it is difficult to control the rotation speed at the time of strong wind. There is a problem that it is not suitable for driving time.

  In addition, since the power generation efficiency has not been improved efficiently according to the wind speed, wind direction and blade rotation speed (peripheral speed ratio), it has hardly contributed to the improvement of power generation efficiency under actual wind conditions. It has become.

  In order to improve the power generation efficiency, the rotational energy conversion efficiency (Cp) that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into the rotational energy of the blade is improved, and various wind conditions are used in the electrical energy conversion that converts the rotational energy into electrical energy. It is important to always convert electric energy as much as possible. Therefore, it is desirable to generate electricity by converting wind kinetic energy into electrical energy even in a situation where the wind speed is as high as possible.

  Therefore, the challenges of a vertical wind power generation system with high power generation efficiency are the startability of the blades from low wind speeds (light winds), significant improvement in rotational energy conversion efficiency in wind conditions from low wind speeds to strong winds, Power generation under excessive wind energy conditions.

  Regarding the starting characteristics of the blade, there are means such as increasing the number of blades (increasing the solidity), making notches, and providing a starter. Such self-startability has not been satisfied.

  In addition, in order to improve the rotational energy conversion efficiency in wind conditions from low wind speeds to strong winds, the aim is to increase the power generation efficiency as much as possible by making the appearance of wind conditions more frequent, vertical types with various wing shapes and wing configurations Although wind power generation systems have been proposed, the essential problems of aerodynamic characteristics have not been solved, and it is difficult to exceed a certain percentage of rotational energy conversion efficiency.

Furthermore, in order to generate power under the excessive wind energy conditions in strong winds, it is necessary to take a strong measure against the centrifugal force of the rotating body including the blades as the rotational speed of the blades increases, and the rotational energy As this increases, the load on the generator becomes heavier, and there is concern about the impact on the size, weight, reliability, etc. of the generator.
In particular, the blade, the arm that supports the blade, the shaft unit that supports the arm, and the rotating portion of the generator increase in centrifugal force as the number of rotations increases and exceed allowable stress. In order to ensure the reliability of the rotating portion, it is necessary to reinforce, but the centrifugal force increases more and more because it is large and heavy.

  In addition, in terms of the electrical characteristics of the generator, the generator output outputs a predetermined amount of power according to the number of revolutions. However, as the number of revolutions increases, the size including the drastic improvement in withstand voltage specifications and heat generation during load fluctuations. There is a problem that it needs to be upgraded, becomes larger and heavier, and significantly increases costs.

  Therefore, in order to realize a vertical wind power generation system with high power generation efficiency, elucidation of the essential problems of the aerodynamic characteristics of the vertical blade, search for a method for greatly improving the rotational energy conversion efficiency (Cp), blade rotational energy It is indispensable to construct a vertical wind power generation system that effectively suppresses excessive rotation and a method for effectively reducing the amount of rotation.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and effectively controls the occurrence of lift and drag in various wind conditions and wind speeds with concentric blades and each blade. By converting to the rotational torque of the vertical type blade, the starting characteristics at the time of light wind are greatly improved compared to the conventional type, realizing excellent self-starting performance and enabling efficient power generation from the speed of light wind. A configuration that greatly improves power generation efficiency at wind speed has been realized.

In addition, the blade can efficiently reduce the rotational energy and control the blade rotation speed with high accuracy during strong winds, and achieve a significant improvement in power generation efficiency and a significant improvement in reliability and life. A vertical wind power generation system capable of Furthermore, it is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system with higher energy conversion efficiency by changing the intensity distribution of the energy of the incoming wind according to the wind speed and the rotational speed of the blade.
In the case of a wind power generation system, the fluid is air as described above. However, the fluid can be replaced with water and similarly considered as a hydroelectric power generation system.

Comparing the main fluid property values of air and water, the density of air is 1.205 (kg / m ³ ) at 1 atm and 20 ° C., the viscosity is 25 ° C. (viscosity is not pressure dependent) 1.82E− 5 (Pas), kinematic viscosity is (viscosity) / (density) = 1.510373E-5 (m ² / s), the density of water is 99.04 kg / m ³ at 1 atm and 25 ° C., and the viscosity is 1 atm. At 25 ° C., 8.9E-4 (Pas, kinematic viscosity is (viscosity) / (density) = 8.992622E-7 (m ² / s).
From this, (dynamic viscosity of air) / (dynamic viscosity of water) = 16.992025.

Reynolds number Re is Re = (speed) (representative length) / (kinematic viscosity). If the relative speed is the same for the same airfoil, the Reynolds number is about 17 times that of air. The higher the Reynolds number, the better the airfoil characteristics (the lift coefficient increases). Therefore, if the flow velocity is the same, the rotational energy conversion efficiency (power coefficient) of the underwater windmill is greater than that of the windmill in the air.
Therefore, the energy conversion efficiency in water and air needs to be calculated in consideration of density, kinematic viscosity, Reynolds number, and flow velocity (wind speed).

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a vertical wind power generation system and a hydroelectric power generation system according to the present invention include a vertical blade composed of a plurality of straight blades arranged concentrically, and the vertical blade or the straight line. An arm that holds a wing; a shaft unit that is fixed to the arm and supports rotation of the arm; a generator that interlocks with the shaft unit to convert rotational energy of the vertical blade into electrical energy; and the vertical blade And a pole that holds the arm and the shaft unit, and a shaft unit holding portion that is configured by a bearing and pivotally supports the shaft unit on the pole, and is arranged on an outer circumference. The vertical blades of the vertical blades arranged on the inner circumference of the straight blades of the mold blades Speed and a stepwise smaller configuration for generating large output. Alternatively, the peripheral speed ratio at which the vertical blades of the vertical blades arranged on the inner circumference with respect to the straight blades of the vertical blades arranged on the outer circumference generate the maximum output is It has a configuration that gradually decreases.

  The vertical wind power generation system according to the present invention is configured as described above, and generates a maximum output at a low rotational speed from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the straight blades of the vertical blades arranged concentrically. By changing the wing configuration, solidity, angle of attack, or relative angle, the flow velocity energy of the wind that passes through the inside of the vertical blade perimeter without being converted into the rotational energy of the vertical blade is converted back into rotational energy. The wind power generation efficiency of the vertical wind power generation system is greatly improved not only at start-up and light winds around 2 m / s, but also at medium speed levels of about 6 m / s and strong wind speed levels of about 12 m / s. Can be improved.

  In particular, at the time of start-up, the blade configuration, solidity, and angle of attack that generate maximum output at a low rotational speed toward the inner periphery with respect to the outer periphery of the straight blades of concentric vertical blades. , It is possible to convert the energy of the air flow that passes through the vertical blade at the outer peripheral part and flows into the central part of the vertical blade into the rotational energy again at the time of light wind or low rotation speed, and has excellent start-up characteristics. It becomes possible to greatly improve the starting characteristics at the time of low rotation below and at the time of a light wind of 3 m / s or less.

  In addition, in various wind conditions and wind speeds from light winds to strong winds, precise and effective blade relative angle control according to wind speed, wind direction and blade rotation speed is performed, and rotational force and rotation suppression by blade lift and drag are controlled. By controlling the force optimally and with high accuracy and converting it into blade rotation torque, the start-up characteristics during light winds are greatly improved, realizing excellent self-starting and enabling efficient power generation from light wind speeds. At the same time, the power generation efficiency at the medium speed level and average wind speed can be greatly improved. Furthermore, the power generation efficiency can be further improved by changing the distribution of the energy of the wind flowing into the blade according to the wind speed or the rotation speed of the blade.

  On the other hand, at high wind speed levels, the flow rate of the wind flowing into the blade is reduced, or the relative angle control of the precise blade is performed, and the rotational force and rotational deterrence force due to the lift and drag force of the blade are optimally and accurately controlled. By converting the rotation torque into a blade, efficient blade energy reduction and high-precision blade rotation speed control can be performed, and the load on the generator and rotating body is reduced, greatly improving power generation efficiency. As a result, the reliability and the lifetime can be greatly improved. Further, in the concentric blades, by adjusting the relative angle so that only the blades on the specific concentric circles generate the reverse rotation torque, it is possible to prevent an increase in the rotational speed of the blade or a runaway during a strong wind.

1 is a schematic side view illustrating an example of a configuration of a vertical wind power generation system according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a rotating unit of the vertical wind power generation system according to the first embodiment. 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view illustrating an example of a configuration of a vertical wind power generation system according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view illustrating an example of a configuration of a vertical wind power generation system according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view illustrating an example of a configuration of a vertical wind power generation system according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a cross section of an airfoil of a vertical wind power generation system according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a concentric arrangement configuration of vertical blades in the vertical wind power generation system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a concentric arrangement configuration of vertical blades in the vertical wind power generation system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a concentric arrangement configuration of vertical blades in the vertical wind power generation system according to the first embodiment. It is the figure which showed an example of the airfoil characteristic (lift characteristic, drag characteristic) in the airfoil cross section of the vertical wind power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the circumferential speed ratio and relative speed of the vertical type wind power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is the figure which showed an example of the zone which defines the blade rotation angle of the vertical type wind power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 1, and a rotation angle table. It is the figure which showed an example of the rotation angle adjustment in the vertical type wind power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is the figure which showed an example of the rotation angle adjustment in the vertical type wind power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is the figure which showed an example of the rotation angle adjustment in the vertical type wind power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is the figure which illustrated an example of the relationship between the zone number and CP which concern on Embodiment 1, and the relationship between the circumferential speed ratio in pitch angle adjustment, and Cp. It is the figure which showed an example of the structure of the rotation angle control of the straight wing | blade of the vertical wind power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 1, and the rotation speed control of a vertical blade. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a vertical hydroelectric power generation system according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a vertical hydroelectric power generation system according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a vertical hydroelectric power generation system according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a vertical hydroelectric power generation system according to Embodiment 2. FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a vertical blade of a vertical hydroelectric power generation system according to a second embodiment. It is the figure which showed the flow velocity distribution addition condition which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is the figure which showed the effect of the flow-velocity distribution addition in the high-speed area based on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is the figure which showed the effect of the flow-velocity distribution addition in the medium speed area based on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is the figure which showed the effect of the flow-velocity distribution addition in the low speed area based on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is the figure which showed the improvement effect of the rotational torque in the high speed area based on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is the figure which showed the improvement effect of the rotational torque in the low speed area based on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is the schematic diagram which showed the structure of the vertical type hydroelectric power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG. It is the figure which showed the optimal structure in the low peripheral speed ratio in the vertical type hydroelectric power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 4. FIG. It is the figure which showed the optimal structure in the low peripheral speed ratio in the vertical type hydroelectric power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 4. FIG. It is the figure which showed the optimal structure in the low peripheral speed ratio in the vertical type hydroelectric power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 4. FIG. It is the figure which showed the optimal structure in the low peripheral speed ratio in the vertical type hydroelectric power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 4. FIG. It is the figure which showed the effect of the flow-velocity distribution of the vertical type hydroelectric power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 4. It is explanatory drawing which concerns on the setting of the flow tube in a double actuator multiflow tube model. It is explanatory drawing of each parameter in a double actuator multiflow pipe model. It is explanatory drawing which concerns on calculation of the blade rotational driving force in each flow pipe in a double actuator multiflow pipe model.

(Background to obtaining one embodiment of the present invention)
As a result of intensive research on the conventional vertical wind power generation system described in the “Background Art” by the present inventor, the conventional vertical wind power generation system is essentially required to pursue rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency. No essential relationship has been found or studied regarding the relationship between airfoil characteristics, blade diameter, wind speed, rotation speed, and angle of attack.

  Even if the blades are arranged concentrically in a double manner, the blade characteristics of the blades such as lift and drag, blade size, The number of blades, the solidity, and the relative angle of the blades are important components, and a blade configuration that takes all of them into consideration is essential. If this point is not taken into consideration, the start-up characteristics and the power generation efficiency cannot be greatly improved, but no consideration is given to such a configuration.

  Further, in the lift and drag generated by the vertical blade, only a positive force with respect to the rotational torque is examined, and in particular, a negative rotational torque that is dominant during a light wind is not studied. Furthermore, many attempts have been made only by estimation and concept, and the relationship between the amount of improvement in rotational energy conversion efficiency (ΔCp) and the angle of attack has not been studied or shown.

  The most important relationship between blade rotation speed (peripheral speed ratio) and angle-of-attack is that there are many problems, such as the fact that the relationship has not been found or studied, and actual vertical wind power generation systems. The effect of improving the rotational energy conversion efficiency is unknown, and even when trying to verify the effect, we faced a major challenge that almost no effect of improving the power generation efficiency could be obtained.

  Therefore, there may be a blade configuration that achieves both startup characteristics and power generation efficiency by making the angle of attack of the blade variable, and even with double or multiple concentric blade configurations, the startup characteristics and power generation There may be an optimal configuration according to the required specifications such as efficiency, and there is also an optimal energy distribution for maximizing start-up characteristics and power generation efficiency in the energy distribution of the fluid flowing into the blade I came up with the idea that

In addition, the inventors have come up with the idea that a combination of adjusting the angle of attack of the blade, multiple concentric blade configurations, adjusting the inflow energy distribution, etc. may have a significant effect on the starting characteristics and power generation efficiency.
Therefore, the present inventor obtained the following knowledge as a result of repeated studies on this problem.

  At the time of start-up and at a low rotation speed range of low wind speed, there are many winds that pass through the blade, and energy conversion efficiency is poor. Therefore, in order to increase the start-up characteristics and rotational energy during light winds, the configuration of the concentric vertical blades increases the solidity or increases the angle of attack according to the straight blades arranged from the outer periphery to the inner periphery. Is required to have a configuration corresponding to a low peripheral speed ratio. In particular, regarding the angle of attack, the present inventors have found that the angle of attack at which the maximum output is output when the peripheral speed ratio is small varies greatly with respect to the angle of attack at which the maximum output is output when the peripheral speed ratio is large at each blade rotation angle. Therefore, even if the vertical wings are arranged concentrically, solidity setting and angle-of-attack control are indispensable in order to greatly improve the start-up characteristics, the characteristics during light winds, and the power generation efficiency at the medium speed level. I came up with an idea.

  In addition, the blade type of the vertical blade, airfoil characteristics indicating the relationship between lift and drag, angle of attack and Reynolds number, the configuration conditions such as diameter and solidity, the influence of operating conditions such as the rotational speed of the vertical blade, The relative angle value at which the rotational energy conversion efficiency is maximized according to environmental changes such as wind speed and direction is examined in detail, and the rotational energy conversion efficiency changes regularly and greatly under each configuration, operating condition, and environmental condition. I found that there is a relative angle. In particular, it has been found that there is a law that the higher the solidity, the lower the rotational speed at which the maximum efficiency is obtained, and the lower the rotational speed, the greater the change in the relative angle at which the maximum efficiency is obtained in one rotation.

  On the other hand, in improving the rotational energy conversion efficiency, a large improvement effect (ΔCp) was found at a specific blade rotation angle, and it was found that the rotational energy conversion efficiency was effectively improved with a specific angle change pattern. In particular, the discovery of a close relationship and regularity between the peripheral speed ratio (blade speed) and the optimal relative angle has led to the discovery of a control method that achieves a significant improvement in rotational energy conversion efficiency (Cp). . At this time, a vertical blade having higher conversion efficiency into rotational energy was created by concentrating the specific blade rotation angle and relative angle and the energy flowing into the vertical blade at the specific blade rotation angle.

  Consider blade configuration and relative angle control that improves power generation efficiency at rated speed at medium speed level without wasting wind energy in light winds, and further changing the energy distribution flowing into the blade to greatly improve power generation efficiency A flow velocity distribution adding device and a blade configuration and a blade control configuration that greatly increase the effect thereof have been created and the present invention has been achieved.

  In addition, by conducting a detailed study of the tangential rotational torque in one vertical blade rotation, there is a large rotational torque fluctuation within one vertical blade rotation, and a negative rotational torque at a specific blade rotation angle. It has been found that most of the accumulated rotational torque of one rotation is generated at a relatively narrow blade rotation angle.

Therefore, in order to increase the rotational energy conversion efficiency, in the flow velocity energy flowing into the vertical blade, the flow velocity in the blade rotation angle region that generates a negative rotation torque is decreased, and the blade rotation angle region that generates a large rotation torque. It was considered necessary to increase the flow rate of By combining the flow velocity distribution according to the flow velocity and the number of rotations, the rotational energy conversion efficiency is increased, and the angle of attack is optimally controlled to create a configuration that further increases the rotational energy conversion efficiency.
And in this invention, the aspect shown below is provided.

  A vertical wind power generation system according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a vertical blade composed of a plurality of straight blades arranged concentrically on at least two rows of circumferences on the inner circumferential side and the outer circumferential side. , An arm that holds the vertical blade or the straight blade, a shaft unit that is fixed to the arm and supports the rotation of the arm, and interlocks with the shaft unit to convert rotational energy of the vertical blade into electrical energy. A generator, a pole that holds the vertical blade, the arm, and the shaft unit; a shaft unit holding portion that includes a bearing and that pivotally supports the shaft unit on the pole; Generates the maximum output of the vertical blades arranged circumferentially on the inner side with respect to the vertical blades arranged on the circumference Rolling speed or peripheral speed ratio is stepwise smaller configuration.

  With the above-described configuration, the straight blades of the vertical blades arranged concentrically have a blade configuration that generates maximum output at a low rotational speed from the outer periphery to the inner periphery, and the angle of attack. The flow velocity energy of the wind passing through the inside without being converted into the rotational energy of the vertical blade at the outer periphery can be converted again into the rotational energy, and not only at the time of light winds and low wind speeds, but about 6 m / s The power generation efficiency of the vertical wind power generation system can be greatly improved even at high speed levels and strong wind speed levels of about 12 m / s. In general, at the same airfoil type, blade diameter, and relative angle, the number of rotations at which the maximum output is output increases as the wind speed increases, and the number of rotations at which the maximum output increases as the solidity increases.

  Each straight blade attached to the same vertical blade has a lower peripheral speed ratio as it goes to the inner periphery. Therefore, by setting the blade configuration or angle of attack or relative angle to generate maximum output at a low rotational speed from the outer peripheral part to the inner peripheral part of the straight blades of the vertical blades arranged concentrically, the startup or low It is possible to efficiently convert the energy of the air flow that passes through the vertical blade at the outer peripheral portion and flows into the central portion of the vertical blade into rotational energy again at the rotational speed, and has excellent start-up characteristics. Thus, it is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydroelectric power generation system that greatly improves the power generation efficiency at a low rotation speed and during a light wind of 3 m / s or less.

  The vertical wind power generation system according to the second aspect of the present invention is the vertical wind power generation system according to the first aspect, wherein the vertical blades are arranged on the inner circumference. The solidity of the straight wing is configured to be increased stepwise with respect to the solidity of the straight wing disposed on the outer circumference.

  With the configuration described above, the solidity of the straight blades of the vertical blades arranged concentrically is increased stepwise from the outer peripheral portion toward the inner peripheral portion, so that the vertical blades are arranged as they are arranged on the inner peripheral side. The configuration of the straight blades corresponding to the increase in the peripheral speed ratio of the blade, and the blade configuration with the solidity corresponding to the peripheral speed ratio, efficiently improves the rotational energy conversion efficiency and maximizes the power generation efficiency The vertical blade can be realized. Thus, it is possible to realize a vertical blade with higher power generation efficiency by greatly improving the matching accuracy between the peripheral speed ratio and the solidity.

  Furthermore, to realize a vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydroelectric power generation system that greatly improves the power generation efficiency of a wide range of high wind speed levels from start-up or specific wind speed levels such as light wind level, medium speed level, strong wind speed level, etc. It becomes possible.

  Further, the vertical wind power generation system according to the third aspect of the present invention is the configuration of the vertical wind power generation system according to the first or second aspect with respect to the wind speed and the peripheral speed that is the rotational speed of the vertical blade. A so-called angle of attack is defined which is an angle formed by a relative wind speed or relative flow velocity combined with the head wind speed and a chord as a line segment connecting the leading edge and the trailing edge of the straight blade.

The relative angle is an angle between the chord and the arm, or the chord and the straight wing for the purpose of changing the relative angle in order to obtain an angle of attack that increases the tangential rotational force. Rotating means for independently rotating the relative angles of the straight blades in the plane of rotation of the vertical blade as an angle with the tangential direction at the holding position.
A rotation angle control device for controlling the relative angle by the rotation means, and a blade rotation angle of the vertical blade or each of the straight blades from a reference angle in a plane coordinate system based on the rotation center of the vertical blade. A flow rate detection means for detecting a flow rate of wind or water, a rotation speed detection means for detecting the rotation speed of the vertical blade, the flow velocity, the rotation speed or peripheral speed ratio, and the blade rotation angle calculated from the blade rotation angle. A rotation angle table of relative angles.
As described above, all the straight blades or the straight blades on a specific concentric circle in the plurality of straight blades arranged concentrically using the rotation angle control device for the straight blades based on the rotation angle table. Only the configuration is such that the relative angle of the straight blade is controlled according to the vertical blade rotation angle.

To improve rotational energy conversion efficiency such as wind speed (flow velocity) or Reynolds number, blade diameter, rotation speed or peripheral speed ratio, solidity, relative angle, airfoil and airfoil characteristics, etc. By adjusting the relative angles of only or all of the straight blades on a specific concentric circle according to the situation, it is possible to control the relative angle optimally and with higher accuracy, depending on the situation. It is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydroelectric power generation system having excellent conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency.
At this time, when the relative angle is an angle between the chord and the arm, a value obtained by subtracting 90 degrees from the relative angle is defined as a pitch angle.
Here, the relative angle can be calculated from the angle of attack, the wind speed, the peripheral speed, and the blade rotation angle.

  The lift coefficient and drag coefficient representing the airfoil characteristics are shown in relation to the angle of attack, and it is possible to accurately incorporate the airfoil characteristics that are the basis of calculation in the rotation angle table. Therefore, it is possible to derive a vertical wind power generation system with excellent rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency.

  In addition, the rotation angle table is the airfoil characteristics consisting of the wind speed, the blade diameter of the vertical blade, the airfoil wind speed or Reynolds number and lift characteristics and drag against the angle of attack, the rotation speed or peripheral speed ratio, the chord length From all or one or more of the blade chord length, the blade length that is the total length of the vertical blade, the solidity calculated from the number of straight blades and the blade diameter of the vertical blade, and the blade rotation angle It shows the relationship between the calculated blade rotation angle and relative angle.

  This configuration is required to improve rotational energy conversion efficiency, such as wind speed or Reynolds number, blade diameter of vertical blade, rotation speed or peripheral speed ratio, solidity, blade rotation angle, airfoil and its airfoil characteristics. Considering all the factors, it is possible to calculate an optimum and more accurate relative angle and rotation angle table, and it is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system with excellent rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency.

  The vertical wind power generation system according to the fourth aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of double wind or triple concentric circles arranged in the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to third aspects. In the vertical blade having the straight blade, only the straight blade other than the innermost or outermost periphery controls the relative angle of the straight blade according to the vertical blade rotation angle.

  According to the configuration described above, in the vertical blade in which the straight blades are arranged concentrically, the peripheral speed ratio becomes faster as it is positioned on the outer periphery. Further, the higher the wind speed (flow velocity), the higher the rotational speed (peripheral speed ratio) that becomes the maximum output. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a configuration of a vertical blade that corresponds to a larger peripheral speed ratio as the straight blade located on the outer periphery and outputs the maximum efficiency when rotating at a relatively high speed in a strong wind. Moreover, the effect of the influence of the adjustment of the relative angle on the power generation efficiency tends to increase as the relative angle has a smaller peripheral speed ratio (rotation speed).

  Therefore, by adjusting the angle of the relative angle only for the straight blades on the inner peripheral part, which has a relatively small peripheral speed ratio and a relatively large influence of the angle adjustment of the relative angle, the power generation efficiency is improved and the equipment cost is reduced. And a vertical wind power generation system and a vertical hydropower generation system that are excellent in rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency and are low in cost.

  Moreover, the vertical wind power generation system according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to fourth aspects, wherein the vertical blade is composed of a plurality of straight blades, A vertical blade or an arm that holds the straight blade, a shaft unit that is fixed to the arm and supports the rotation of the arm, and a generator that operates in conjunction with the shaft unit and converts rotational energy of the vertical blade into electrical energy. A pole or frame that holds the vertical blade, the arm, and the shaft unit, a bearing and the like, a shaft unit holding portion that pivotally supports the shaft unit on the pole or frame, and the pole or the Fixed to the frame or individually installed on the inflow surface side of the vertical blade, It has a configuration in which a flow velocity distribution adding device for adding the flow velocity distribution in the air or water to flow into the mold blade.

  With the above-described configuration, by providing a flow velocity distribution to the air or water flowing into the vertical blade, the blade rotation angle or the tangent line due to the lift and effectiveness at which the power generation efficiency is highest at the blade rotation angle of the vertical blade. A vertical wind power generation system or a vertical wind power generation system that can concentrate the flow velocity on the blade rotation angle or zone that has a preset angle range with high rotational force in the direction, has excellent rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency, and has a large amount of power generation Type hydroelectric power generation system can be realized.

  Further, the vertical wind power generation system according to the sixth aspect of the present invention is the configuration of the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to fifth aspects, wherein the flow velocity distribution is air or water to the vertical blade. In the rectangular cross section orthogonal to the inflow surface of the vertical blade, the flow velocity in the region of the substantially central portion that is 30% to 85% of the diameter of the vertical blade or the flow velocity in the region of 120 to 250 degrees in the blade rotation angle is increased. It is set as the structure which reduces the flow velocity of division areas other than.

  With the configuration described above, the water flowing near the blade rotation angle where the tangential rotational force generated by the vertical blade is the highest in the flow velocity energy of the air flowing into the vertical blade or the water or air flowing into the water. Alternatively, by concentrating the flow velocity energy of the air, the blade rotation angle at which the power generation efficiency is highest at the blade rotation angle of the vertical blade, or the blade rotation angle at which the rotational force in the tangential direction due to lift and effectiveness is high. It is possible to concentrate the flow velocity in the vicinity, and it is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydropower generation system that is excellent in rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency and has a large amount of power generation.

  Moreover, the vertical wind power generation system which concerns on the 7th aspect of this invention detects the flow velocity of the air or water to the said vertical blade in the structure of the vertical wind power generation system which concerns on the 1st-6th aspect. A flow velocity detecting means and / or an inflow angle detecting device for detecting an inflow angle, wherein the flow velocity distribution adding device is constituted by a plurality of flow velocity control means, and the flow velocity of air or water and the inflow angle to the vertical blade Accordingly, the flow velocity distribution pattern is variable.

  With the above-described configuration, the angles of the plurality of control plates are adjusted based on information from the inflow angle detection device and the inflow velocity detection device, and a flow velocity distribution is added to the inflow surface orthogonal to the inflow surface of the vertical blade. By doing so, it is possible to form the flow velocity distribution with the highest power generation efficiency even at various flow velocities and inflow angles.

  Then, the blade that maximizes the power generation efficiency of the vertical blade by concentrating the flow velocity energy of water or air near the blade rotation angle at which the tangential rotational force generated by the vertical blade is the highest. A vertical wind power generation system that can concentrate the flow velocity in the vicinity of the blade rotation angle where the rotation angle or the rotation force in the tangential direction due to lift and effectiveness is high, has excellent rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency, and a large amount of power generation Alternatively, a vertical hydroelectric power generation system can be realized.

  The vertical wind power generation system according to the eighth aspect of the present invention is the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to seventh aspects, wherein the flow velocity distribution is air or water to the vertical blades. In the rectangular cross section orthogonal to the inflow surface of the vertical blade, the flow velocity distribution is the flow rate, flow velocity, rotation speed or peripheral speed ratio of the vertical blade in the rectangular cross section orthogonal to the air or water inflow surface to the vertical blade. Depending on the condition of any one or more of the inflow angles, the flow velocity of the region of an arbitrary cross section which is 30% to 85% of the diameter of the vertical blade and is not limited to the central portion is increased, The flow rate is reduced.

  With the configuration described above, various conditions such as the flow rate, the flow rate, the rotational speed or peripheral speed ratio of the vertical blade, the inflow angle, etc. are obtained in the flow rate energy of the air flowing into the vertical blade or the water or air flowing into the water. In view of this, by concentrating the flow velocity energy of water or air near the blade rotation angle at which the tangential rotational force generated by the vertical blade is the highest, the vertical blade has the highest blade rotation angle. The flow velocity can be concentrated in the vicinity of the blade rotation angle where the power generation efficiency is high or the blade rotation angle where the rotational force in the tangential direction is high due to lift and effectiveness, and the rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency are excellent, and the amount of power generation It is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydroelectric power generation system with a large amount of water.

  In the vertical wind power generation system according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to eighth aspects, the flow rate control unit rotates with respect to the flow rate control device. The flow velocity distribution is made variable by the moving or sliding flux distribution control unit.

  According to the above configuration, various flow velocity distributions can be formed with a relatively simple configuration, and in addition, it is possible to form a highly accurate flow velocity distribution in a short time. It is possible to realize a distributed addition device, reduce the equipment cost, and realize a vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydroelectric power generation system that has excellent rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency, high power generation and high investment recovery efficiency. It becomes possible.

  The vertical wind power generation system according to the tenth aspect of the present invention is the configuration of the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to ninth aspects, wherein the relative angle and the flow velocity distribution of the straight blades are calculated as described above. The flow rate, the inflow angle, and the peripheral speed ratio are variable according to one or more conditions.

  With the above-described configuration, in consideration of conditions such as the flow velocity, the inflow angle, and the peripheral speed ratio, the flow velocity distribution and the flow velocity distribution in which the rotational force that is the most tangential force increases with respect to the blade rotation angle and By adjusting (controlling) the relative angle, it is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydroelectric power generation system with further excellent rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency.

  In addition, the maximum power generation amount can always be generated with respect to inflow conditions such as flow velocity and inflow angle to the vertical blade, inflow state change, temperature change, and peripheral speed ratio. With the (projected area) and the generator, it is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system and a vertical hydroelectric power generation system with a further large power generation output.

  Further, the vertical wind power generation system according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention is the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to tenth aspects, wherein the flow velocity distribution adding device causes the flow direction of air or water. The inflow area of air or water flowing into the vertical blade is made larger than the projected area of the vertical blade in FIG.

  According to the above-described configuration, it is possible to increase the projected area of air or water flowing into the vertical blade, and it is possible to greatly increase the amount of power generation by increasing the inflow energy. It is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydroelectric power generation system having a larger power generation output with the blade size (projected area).

  The vertical wind power generation system according to the twelfth aspect of the present invention is the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to eleventh aspects, wherein air or water is supplied to the vertical type by the flow velocity distribution adding device. The inflow area that flows into the blade is configured to be variable according to the flow rate of air or water or the flow rate of water.

  With the above configuration, the flow rate of air or water flowing into the vertical blades can be freely adjusted according to the maximum wind speed (maximum flow velocity), maximum flow rate conditions, generator capacity, river width and depth, etc. In addition to being able to respond to changes in wind speed and flow velocity over time, it can always generate the maximum amount of power generation regardless of changes in environmental conditions, and can be of the same size (projection) The vertical blades and generators with a large area can realize a vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydropower generation system with a larger power generation output.

  Moreover, the vertical wind power generation system according to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention is a configuration of the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to twelfth aspects, and includes a plurality of double winds or triples arranged on concentric circles. In the vertical blade having the straight blade, the relative angle of the straight blade is controlled to an angle at which the rotational torque is reduced according to the rotation angle of the vertical blade in all or only the straight blade on a specific concentric circle. It is configured.

  With this configuration, it is possible to adjust the rotation speed of the vertical blade with high accuracy, and to control the rotation speed in response to sudden changes in the flux or wind speed, or to brake the rotation of the vertical blade. Can do.

  When the flow velocity or flow rate of air or water flowing into the vertical blade is larger than necessary, the relative angle is controlled to reduce the power generation efficiency, or the flow velocity distribution adding device flows into the vertical blade. The flow velocity or the flow rate is reduced.

  In addition, when the flux is larger than necessary, it is possible to suppress the rotational torque, control the amount of power generation, reduce mechanical stress, protect the generator, and have excellent reliability and power generation capability. Type wind power generation system or vertical hydroelectric power generation system can be realized.

  A vertical wind power generation system according to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention has a relative angle adjustment mode in the configuration of the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to thirteenth aspects, and has the flow velocity and the rotation speed. Alternatively, the angle adjustment of the relative angle in the linear blade according to the peripheral speed ratio and the blade rotation angle is performed, and the optimum fixed angle of the relative angle or the rotation angle table that maximizes the power generation efficiency is created. .

  With the above-described configuration, the straight line is set at the relative angle at which the power generation efficiency becomes highest or the tangential rotational torque becomes maximum for each blade rotation angle range (zone) set in advance in the rotation surface of the vertical blade. By adjusting the blades, it is possible to maximize the power generation efficiency in the same system and the same wind conditions, and to realize a vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydropower generation system with higher power generation efficiency and power generation amount Is possible.

  At this time, when creating the rotation angle table, in the power generation state of the vertical blade, the relative angle based on the rotation angle table set or updated in the rotation angle table or the relative angle adjustment mode set in advance. By adopting a configuration for controlling the angle, it is possible to significantly shorten the adjustment time in the relative angle adjustment mode.

  On the other hand, in the relative angle adjustment mode in the power generation state of the vertical blade, the rotation angle table is not used, and the constant relative angle (fixed angle) is always used regardless of the blade rotation angle of the vertical blade. The relative angle may be used. At this time, the relative angle of the straight blades is adjusted one by one or at the same time, and the power generation efficiency, the tangential rotational torque, and the power generation amount are confirmed, and the relative angle (attack angle of fixed angle) is confirmed. Will be set.

  By using the relative angle adjustment mode as described above, it is possible to correct assembly variations and errors of individual straight blades of the vertical blade, component accuracy, aging deterioration, and the like. In addition, it is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system and a vertical hydroelectric power generation system with high power generation efficiency.

  Further, the vertical wind power generation system according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the configuration of the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to fourteenth aspects. In the relative angle adjustment mode, the relative angle adjustment is performed for each straight blade, and the wind speed or the flow velocity, the rotation speed or the peripheral speed ratio, the power generation efficiency or A relationship of output characteristics is acquired, and each of the straight blades is automatically adjusted to the relative angle at which the maximum output is obtained.

  According to the above configuration, it is possible to further improve the adjustment accuracy of the relative angle in the relative angle adjustment mode, and the assembly of the individual straight blades of the vertical blade is further performed by adjusting the relative angle with high accuracy. It is possible to correct variations, errors, component accuracy, aging deterioration, and the like, and it is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system and a vertical vertical power generation system that have excellent reliability and large power generation amount and power generation efficiency.

  The vertical wind power generation system according to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention has the output inspection mode in the configuration of the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to fifteenth aspects, and stores the previous power generation stored therein. Regularly compare the output characteristics such as efficiency or power generation amount to grasp the power generation state, and if the change amount of the preset output characteristics is exceeded, execute the relative angle adjustment mode to perform the relative angle periodically. It is configured to perform maintenance.

  With the above-described configuration, in the output inspection mode, the straight blades, the vertical blades and the vertical wind power generation system are deteriorated over time, the arms and the shaft unit, the relative angles, etc. Faults can be detected with high accuracy, and it is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system and a vertical hydroelectric power generation system that are highly reliable by regular maintenance and have a large amount of power generation and efficiency.

  The vertical wind power generation system according to the seventeenth aspect of the present invention is the configuration of the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to sixteenth aspects, wherein air or water that has flowed into the vertical blades into the frame. The flow velocity acceleration mechanism for increasing the flow velocity is provided.

  With the above-described configuration, the wind speed or flow velocity flowing into the vertical blade can be improved, and the power generation amount can be improved by the cube of the speed. Therefore, the vertical wind power generation system having a large power generation amount and power generation efficiency or A vertical hydroelectric power generation system can be realized.

  The vertical wind power generation system according to the eighteenth aspect of the present invention is the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to seventeenth aspects, wherein the flow velocity acceleration mechanism is a flow path through which air or water passes. The width is narrowed.

  With the above-described configuration, the vertical velocity power generation system and the vertical type that can realize the flow velocity acceleration mechanism with a relatively simple configuration and at a low cost, have large power generation amount and power generation efficiency, and are excellent in economic efficiency due to reduction in equipment costs. A hydroelectric power generation system can be realized.

  A vertical wind power generation system according to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention is the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to eighteenth aspects, wherein the vertical blades are arranged in two independent spaces in the frame. It is mounted on the machine, and the direction of the leading edge and the trailing edge and the relative angle of the straight blades constituting the vertical blade are set so that the respective rotation directions are reversed.

  With the configuration described above, it is possible to greatly reduce the radial force by canceling each other as much as possible the radial force generated by the rotation of the vertical blades, and the vibration generated in the frame is reduced. A vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydroelectric power generation system that can be greatly reduced and is excellent in reliability and durability can be realized.

  Further, by arranging the vertical blades in independent spaces, the air and water fluxes flowing into the vertical blades do not interfere with each other, so the power generation efficiency does not decrease and the amount of power generation is reduced. An excellent vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydropower generation system can be realized.

  The vertical wind power generation system according to the twentieth aspect of the present invention is generated by lift and drag with the rotation of the vertical blade in the configuration of the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to nineteenth aspects. The vertical blades are arranged so that the forces acting on the frame by the generated force in the X direction and the generated force in the Y direction on the XY plane in the horizontal plane are offset and minimized.

  With the above-described configuration, it is possible to greatly reduce the forces in the X direction and the Y direction by canceling the radial forces in the X direction and the Y direction that are generated by the rotation of the straight blades. Thus, the vertical wind power generation system or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system having excellent reliability and durability can be realized.

  The vertical wind power generation system according to the twenty-first aspect of the present invention is the vertical wind power generation system according to the first to twentieth aspects, wherein the flow rate of air or water flowing into the vertical blades or When the flow rate is larger than necessary, the relative angle is controlled to reduce the power generation efficiency, or the flow velocity or the flow rate flowing into the vertical blade is reduced by the flow velocity distribution adding device.

  With the above-described configuration, it is possible to prevent the rotational speed of the vertical blade from being increased more than necessary due to an increase in the flow rate of air or water, and the shaft unit, the arm, and the vertical blade are destroyed due to an increase in centrifugal force. And preventing the generator from being destroyed by increasing the input energy to the generator, thereby realizing a highly reliable vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydroelectric power generation system. It becomes possible.

  With the above configuration, it is possible to improve the power generation efficiency, reliability, and size of the vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydro power generation system, so that the vertical wind power generation has a small size, high efficiency, high efficiency, and high reliability. A system or vertical hydropower generation system can be realized.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following, the same or corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout all the drawings, and the description thereof is omitted.

(Embodiment 1)
A vertical wind power generation system according to Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 are schematic diagrams illustrating an example of a configuration of a vertical wind power generation system according to Embodiment 1. FIG. In FIG. 1, the structure when the vertical wind power generation system which concerns on Embodiment 1 is seen from the side part is shown typically. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the straight blade 2 and its rotating means 9 mounted on the wind power generation system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 schematically shows a configuration when the wind power generation system according to Embodiment 1 is viewed from above.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the vertical wind power generation system 15 includes a vertical blade 1, a straight blade 2, an arm 3, a shaft unit 4, a generator 5, a pole 6, a shaft unit holding unit 7, Relative angle 8, rotation means 9, rotation angle control device 10, planar coordinate system 11, reference angle 12, blade rotation angle 13, rotation angle table 14, vertical wind power generation system 15, wind speed 16, wind speed detection means 17, rotation Number detection means 18, wind direction detection means 19, rotation torque 20 (shown in FIG. 11), rotation suppression torque variable means 21 (shown in FIG. 11), generator controller (rotation speed control means) 22 (shown in FIG. 11), A power controller 23 (shown in FIG. 11), a coupling portion 24, a vertical blade mounting portion 27, and a wind direction 28, which is an angle shown, are configured.

The vertical blade 1 is composed of a plurality of straight blades 2 arranged concentrically, and is held rotatably by an arm 3. The shaft unit 4 fixes and holds the arm 3 and supports the rotation of the arm.
The shaft unit 4 is coupled (or integrated) with the rotating portion (rotor, shaft, etc.) of the generator 5 that converts the rotational energy of the vertical blade 1 into electric energy, and interlocks with it. Convert to energy.

  At this time, the shaft unit 4 and the rotating portion of the generator 5 may be coupled via a coupling portion 24 (not shown in detail). The coupling portion 24 is a coupling, a gear, a speed increaser, a speed reducer, or the like. Or any combination thereof. At this time, the rotational speed-output characteristic of the vertical blade 1 and the rotational speed-output characteristic of the generator 5 can be matched by the speed increasing ratio or the speed reducing ratio of the coupling portion 24.

  The pole 6 holds the shaft unit 4 by fixing the vertical blade 1 and the arm 3 by a shaft unit holding part 7 constituted by a bearing and a holding part (details are not shown). The pole 6 is held in a rotatable state.

On the other hand, one or a plurality of wind speed detecting means 17 detects the wind speed around the vertical blade 1, the rotational speed detecting means 18 detects the rotational speed of the vertical blade 1, and the wind direction detecting means 19 is the vertical blade 19. The wind direction 28 (angle) with respect to the reference angle 12 centering on the rotation center O of the plane coordinate system 11 of the wind flowing in is detected.
Further, the straight blade 2 is rotatably held by the arm 3 by the turning means 9.

  2 (a) and 2 (b) are schematic diagrams showing the configuration of the straight blade 2, the rotating means 9, and the arm 3 mounted on the wind power generation system according to the first embodiment. The rotation means 9 uses a rotation shaft portion 33, a stepping motor, a DC motor, an ultrasonic motor, a drive source 30 such as a piezoelectric element, a power transmission portion 31 composed of a gear, a coupling, a shaft, a bearing, and the like. The power supply 60 such as a battery that supplies power to the shaft support 32 and the drive source 30 is configured, and the straight blade 2 is held with respect to the arm 3 in a rotational state of ± 180 degrees at the maximum.

  At this time, the shaft support portion 32 is not limited to a bearing but may be a known shaft support member having slidability. Moreover, the power transmission part 31 may be through various gears and couplings, or may be configured such that the drive source 30 and the rotation shaft part 33 are directly coupled.

  2A and 2B is that a part of the drive source 30 and the power transmission unit 31 are arranged vertically or horizontally. In the configuration of FIG. 2B, the horizontal portions of the drive source 30, the power transmission unit 31, and the power source 60 can be housed in the arm 3. By storing the drive source 30, the power transmission unit 31, and the power source 60 in the arm 3, the vertical wind power generation system 15 can be reduced in size, and the influence of wind and rain and ultraviolet rays can be suppressed. The vertical wind power generation system 15 with excellent durability can be realized.

  3A shows a reference angle 12 (0 degree) in the plane coordinate system 11 (X axis, Y axis, Z axis, origin O), two types of blade rotation angles 13 (θ) of the vertical blade 1 (straight blade 2), A blade diameter 26 which is the diameter of the vertical blade 1, a mounting portion 27 between the arm 3 and the straight blade 2, and two types of relative angles 8, a wind speed 16, a wind direction 28, and a blade diameter 26 are shown. The straight blade 2 is held in a rotatable state at an attachment angle of a relative angle 8 at the attachment portion 27 relative to the arm 3.

  3B and 3C are diagrams showing the relationship between the blade rotation angle 13 and the angle of attack 38. FIG. In FIG. 3B, the straight blade 2 is at a position of about 180 degrees for simplicity of explanation, and the rotational speed of the blade diameter 26 (outer periphery) corresponding to the rotational speed of the vertical blade 1 under the condition of the wind speed 16 (V). Thus, it rotates at a peripheral speed 35. At this time, the circumferential speed 35 is expressed in units of m / s.

FIG. 3C is a diagram showing the angle of attack 38 in FIG. 3B, and the angle of attack 38 used when representing the airfoil characteristics is obtained as follows. That is, the so-called relative wind speed 37 that is a combination of the wind speed 16 and the circumferential speed 36 with respect to the circumferential speed 35 that is the rotational speed at the blade diameter 26 (outer periphery) of the vertical blade 1, and the chord 25 of the straight blade 2. It is an angle to make.
As a basic mechanism of the present invention, the relative angle 8 is changed in order to obtain an angle of attack 38 that increases the rotational force (rotational torque) in the tangential direction.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional shape of the straight blade 2 mounted on the vertical wind power generation system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4A is a diagram of the straight blade 2 mounted on the wind power generation system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4B is a view showing an example of a so-called asymmetric wing in a cross-sectional shape, and FIG. 4B is a view showing an example of a so-called asymmetric wing. A line segment connecting the leading edge and the trailing edge of the straight blade 2 is a chord 25, and the length of the chord 25 is a chord length 29.

FIG. 4C shows an angle of attack 38 that is an angle between the relative wind speed 37 and the chord 25 when rotated around the attachment position 27 in the airfoil cross section shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. And the lift force 40 and the drag force 41 generated on the surface of the airfoil cross section. Wind speed 16, chord 25, mounting portion 27, blade rotation angle 13, relative angle 8, relative wind speed 37, angle of attack 38, pitch angle 39, lift 40, drag 41, rotation torque 42 by lift 40, rotation suppression by drag 41 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship of torque (minus torque) 43; The relative angle 8 is a diagram in the case of the angle formed by the arm 3 and the chord 25.
At this time, when the relative angle 8 is the angle between the chord 25 and the tangential direction at the attachment position 27, the pitch angle 39 becomes the relative angle 8.

  In FIG. 4C, the pitch angle 39 can be expressed as (relative angle 8) -90 degrees. Further, the rotation inhibition torque 43 by the drag 41 may be a positive rotation torque when the peripheral speed ratio is 1 or less and the blade rotation angle 13 is between 180 degrees and 360 degrees. Therefore, in order to increase the rotational energy conversion efficiency Cp in the region where the peripheral speed ratio is 1 or more, it is necessary to increase the rotational torque 42 by the lift force 40 and decrease the rotation suppression torque 43 by the drag force 41. In order to increase the rotational energy conversion efficiency Cp in the region where the peripheral speed ratio is 1 or less, the rotational torque 42 by the lift force 40 is increased, the rotation suppression torque 43 by the drag force 41 is decreased, and the rotation torque 43 ( In the third and fourth quadrants, it is necessary to increase the positive torque).

  FIG. 5A schematically shows a configuration when the wind power generation system 15 is viewed from the upper surface, and is a schematic diagram partially viewing the vertical blade 1 from the upper surface. The vertical blade 1 is composed of a plurality of straight blades 2 arranged concentrically, and is held rotatably by an arm 3 and a shaft unit 4. Further, the plurality of straight blades 2 arranged concentrically are respectively held by the same arm 3, and according to the blade rotation angle 13, the rotation speed (or peripheral speed ratio) of the vertical blade 1, the wind speed 16, and the like. The relative angle 8 can be adjusted by the rotating means 9.

  At this time, the peripheral speed ratio of the respective straight blades 2 arranged on the same arm 3 inevitably becomes smaller on the inner peripheral side regardless of the rotational speed of the vertical blade 1. Therefore, the solidity of the straight blade 2 located on the same concentric circle on the inner peripheral side (ratio of the circumference length and the chord length 29 × the number of blades at the blade diameter 26) is equal to that of the straight blade 2 located on the inner periphery side. It is set as the structure which enlarges with respect to the direction of the linear blade 2 located in the outer peripheral side.

  If the solidity is increased, the rotational energy conversion efficiency can be increased at a relatively low rotational speed, and conversely, the rotational energy conversion efficiency can be increased at a relatively high rotational speed by decreasing the solidity. . Therefore, by maximizing the maximum output or rotational energy conversion efficiency under the given circumferential speed ratio condition, in order to always demonstrate the maximum power generation efficiency in a wide range of environmental conditions from the starting characteristics to the high wind speed, Increasing the solidity of the straight blade 2 is an essential constituent condition of the vertical blade 1.

  Specifically, from the relationship between the wind speed and the peripheral speed ratio at which the rotational energy conversion efficiency is maximum and the relationship between the solidity and the peripheral speed ratio at which the conversion energy is maximum, the solidity and inner The solidity of the circumferential straight wing 2 will be determined.

  By increasing the solidity of the straight blades 2 (linear blades 2 having the same rotation speed and a smaller peripheral speed ratio) located on the same concentric circle on the inner peripheral side, the peripheral speed ratio that maximizes the rotational energy conversion efficiency Shifts to the smaller. In other words, when the maximum efficiency is shifted to the lower peripheral speed ratio, the rotational energy conversion efficiency is improved when the wind speed is relatively low and when the wind speed is low. Accordingly, it is possible to greatly improve the rotational torque at the low rotational speed, at the start-up, and at the fractional speed, and the start-up characteristics of the vertical blade 1, the power generation efficiency at the low speed, the power generation efficiency at the low wind speed and the power generation amount. Can be greatly improved.

At this time, the straight blades 2 positioned on the inner circumference side and the straight blades 2 positioned on the outer circumference side may be different from each other, or may have different relative angle 8 fixed values. .
The relative angle 8 of each straight blade 2 may be configured to adjust the angle based on the rotation angle table 14.

  On the rotation surface of the vertical blade 1, a straight line corresponding to the blade rotation angle 13 is obtained by the rotation means 9 and the rotation angle control device 10 based on the rotation angle table 14 having a relative angle 8 calculated from the blade rotation angle 13. By making the relative angle of the blades 2 variable, the optimum lift and drag values according to the blade rotation angle 13 are always set according to the blade characteristics of the blade profile of the mounted straight blade 2. Thus, there is an excellent effect that it is possible to significantly improve the start-up characteristics of the vertical wind power generation system and to improve the rotational energy conversion efficiency and the power generation efficiency.

In particular, the relative angle 8 is set so that the rotational torque due to the drag is improved as much as possible during startup, and the relative angle 8 is set so that the rotational torque due to the lift is increased during normal rotation, or the relative angle is increased so that the lift-drag ratio is increased. It is desirable to set to 8.
The rotation angle table 14 is configured to use values calculated in advance or values calculated in part or all in real time.

  With this configuration, the rotation angle table 14 is calculated in advance, stored in a memory, and taken out when necessary, so that calculation time is not required when adjusting the relative angle 8, and energy and time required for calculation each time are not required. Thus, a vertical wind power generation system with no control time delay and high energy efficiency can be realized. On the other hand, in the configuration for calculating in real time, a system such as a memory for storing the rotation angle table 14 is not required, so that a relatively low cost and small vertical wind power generation system can be realized.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5B, the linear blade 2 positioned on the outer peripheral side concentric circle and the straight blade 2 positioned on the inner peripheral side concentric circle are attached to different arms 3 and arranged at different angles. Good.
The efficiency of conversion into rotational energy is low during startup, light winds, and low wind speeds, and the wind or flux that passes without being converted into rotational energy is increased by the straight blades 2 arranged on the outer periphery of the concentric circle. Therefore, with this configuration, the wind or flux that has passed without being converted into rotational energy by the straight blades 2 positioned on the concentric circle on the outer peripheral side is again returned by the straight blades 2 positioned on the concentric circle on the inner peripheral side. It is converted into rotational energy, and it becomes possible to further improve the rotational energy conversion efficiency at the time of start-up, light winds, and low wind speeds.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5C, the straight blades 2 arranged concentrically are made triple rather than double, so that the rotational energy conversion efficiency of the vertical blade 1 at the time of start-up, light wind and low wind speed is further increased. (Conversion efficiency or recovery efficiency of wind energy into rotational energy) can be improved.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the airfoil characteristics in the cross-sectional shape of the straight blade 2 mounted on the wind power generation system according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 6A shows an example of the relationship between the angle of attack 38 (ATTACK ANGLE) and the drag coefficient (CD) (reference diagram for a specific wind speed or Reynolds number), and FIG. 6B shows the angle of attack 38 (ATTACK ANGLE). And the lift coefficient (CL). When calculating the pitch angle 39 in the rotation angle table 14, it is essential to consider the airfoil characteristics for each wind speed or Reynolds number. Unless this characteristic is considered, the rotation angle table 14 that maximizes Cp is used. Calculation becomes difficult. Conversely, if there are airfoil characteristics corresponding to various wind speeds or Reynolds numbers, the rotation angle table 14 can be created with high accuracy.
Here, both the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can be converted to force (N / m) by multiplying the coefficient by 1/2 (ρCV ² ). At this time, ρ is the air density (kg / m ³ ), C is the chord length 29 (m), and V is the wind speed (m / s).

  FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the circumferential speed ratio λ, the wind speed 16, the circumferential speed 36, the relative speed 37, and the blade rotation angle (θ) 13 in the straight blade 2 mounted in the wind power generation system according to the first embodiment. It is a schematic diagram.

  FIGS. 7A and 7B show the relationship between the blade rotation angle 13 and the relative speed 37 when the peripheral speed ratio λ is 1 or less and when the peripheral speed ratio exceeds 1. FIG. In particular, when the circumferential speed ratio is 1 or less, depending on the adjustment angle of the pitch angle 38, in the region where the blade rotation angle (θ) 13 is 180 degrees to 360 degrees, it is possible to generate rotational torque (plus torque) due to drag.

  7C and 7D are diagrams showing the relationship between the peripheral speed ratio and the angle of attack 38. FIG. When the pitch angle 39 is fixed at 0 degrees, the angle of attack 38 is 0 to 360 degrees in the region where the circumferential speed ratio is 1 or less, but when the circumferential speed ratio exceeds 1, the angle of attack 8 is significantly reduced. I understand. In all the peripheral speed ratios, the relative wind speed 37 hits from the airfoil side of the airfoil on the downstream side (0 ≦ φ ≦ 90 degrees, 270 degrees ≦ φ ≦ 360 degrees) in the plane coordinate system 11 of the vertical blade 1. Become. Therefore, it can be seen that the value of the angle of attack 38 with respect to the blade rotation angle 13 varies greatly depending on the size of the peripheral speed ratio.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the rotation angle table 14 mounted on the vertical wind power generation system 15 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 8A is a reference diagram in which the blade rotation angle 13 is divided. In this case, 360 degrees is divided into eight equal parts, and the optimum relative angle 8 is calculated for each zone. FIG. 8B is a diagram showing an example of the rotation angle table 14 in which the relative angle 8 is calculated by increasing the number of zone divisions, and the pitch angle 39 at each peripheral speed ratio when the wind speed 16 is 12 m / s. An example of the rotation angle table 14 is shown.

  In order to improve the rotational energy conversion efficiency of the vertical wind power generation system 15, the rotation angle table 14 shows the relationship between the attack angle 38, the relative angle 8 or the pitch angle 39, the blade rotation angle 13, the circumferential speed ratio, and the wind speed 16. In the representation, the horizontal axis represents the blade rotation angle 13, the vertical axis represents the relative angle 8, the angle of attack 38 or the pitch angle 39, and a plurality of pieces of information for each peripheral speed ratio and / or wind speed were converted into mapping data. It shows data information such as graphs and tables.

Pitch angle 39 (relative angle 8) at which the rotational energy conversion efficiency (Cp) is maximized when the rotational speed ratio is relatively low at 0.5 and the rotational speed ratio is 3 when the rotational speed is relatively high. The value of must be changed greatly. Thus, the relative angle 8, the angle of attack 38 and the pitch angle 39 that maximize Cp vary greatly depending on the peripheral speed ratio, and the angle is smaller when the peripheral speed ratio is smaller than when the peripheral speed ratio is large. The amount of change increases.
The wind speed is assumed to be in the range of 0 m / s to a maximum of 100 m / s, and the relative angle 8 is set to ± 180 degrees with an adjustment range of 90 degrees.

Here, especially in the vicinity of 270 degrees when the peripheral speed ratio is 0.5, the pitch angle 39 at which Cp is maximum varies greatly from +80 degrees to −80 degrees, but defines an energy conversion efficiency change amount (ΔCp). Then, considering the energy improvement effect by ΔCp and the energy required for rotation, if there is a merit, the pitch angle 39 may be adjusted, and if the improvement effect of ΔCp is low, the change of the pitch angle 39 A rotation angle table 14 that reduces the amount may be used.
Here, the power P (output W) of the vertical blade 1 is a product of the rotational torque Q (N−m) and the rotational angular velocity ω (rad / sec), and there is a relationship P = Qω.

  The rotation angle table 14 is calculated by calculating the wind speed 16 of the wind flowing into the vertical blade 1 in the plane coordinate system 11, the blade diameter 26 of the vertical blade 1, the wind speed or Reynolds number of the airfoil, and the lift characteristics and drag force against the angle of attack 38. Calculated from the airfoil characteristics (see FIG. 5 (6)), the rotation speed or peripheral speed ratio of the vertical blade 1, the chord length 29 as the length of the chord 25, the number of blades of the straight blade 2, and the blade diameter 26 Solidity (the ratio of the circumference of the blade diameter 26 to the chord length 29 × the number of blades), the blade length 34 which is the total length of the straight blade 2, and the vertical blade 1 or straight blade 2 from the reference angle 12 Is calculated from all the numerical values of the blade rotational angle 13 or any one or more numerical values.

At this time, if all of the above information is provided, a precise rotation angle table 14 can be created. However, if the blade length 34 is substituted (calculated) with a reference length, the rotation angle table 14 can be calculated, and the entire blade is calculated. However, since the relative value can be calculated, the blade length 34 is not essential for the calculation of the rotation angle table 14.
Moreover, it is possible to calculate a rough shape of the rotation angle table 14 by substituting average values for the wind speed 16 and the peripheral speed ratio.

  The rotation angle table 14 may be calculated in advance or may be configured to calculate in real time. In the case of calculating in advance, at least the relationship between the angle of attack 38, the relative angle 8 or the pitch angle 39, the blade rotation angle 13, the peripheral speed ratio and the wind speed 16 is provided in the form of a data set, and the wind speed detecting means 17 is provided. The attack angle 38, the relative angle 8 or the pitch angle 39 corresponding to the blade rotation angle 13 can be read with reference to the detection results by the rotation speed detection means 18 and the wind direction detection means 19. Specifically, the rotation angle table 14 is stored in the storage means of the computer, and reading is realized by inputting the detection results of the detection means 17, 18, 19 to the computer.

  On the other hand, in the configuration for calculating in real time, the blade diameter 26, the solidity value, and the like are provided in advance, and the detection results obtained by the wind speed detection means 17, the rotation speed detection means 18, and the wind direction detection means 19 are calculated by computer calculation means. The angle of attack 38, the relative angle 8 or the pitch angle 39 according to the blade rotation angle 13 can be calculated.

  9A to 9C show the relative angle 8 or the pitch angle in the peripheral speed ratio 0.5 (FIG. 9A), the peripheral speed ratio 1.5 (FIG. 9B), and the peripheral speed ratio 3 (FIG. 9C) in FIG. This is an example illustrating 39 rotation angle tables 14. At this time, the wind direction 28 is parallel to the x axis, and specific values are used for the wind speed 16, blade diameter 26, solidity, airfoil shape, and blade characteristics, but detailed numerical values are not presented.

  The calculation of the rotation angle table 14 is a so-called multiflow tube model that calculates the blade element momentum theory in a number of divided regions in the calculation of Cp, and a multiflow tube that performs calculations upstream and downstream of the wind flow, respectively. This was performed by the double actuator method.

The outline will be described below with reference to the drawings and mathematical expressions.
The outline of the wind turbine characteristic calculation by the double actuator multi-flow pipe model is explained. In the double actuator multiflow tube model, a plurality of flow tubes as shown in FIG. 23 are set. Then, as shown in FIG. 24, an actuator surface is virtually assumed at each of the upstream and downstream positions where the blade rotation circle and each flow tube intersect, and the blade element momentum theory is applied to each flow tube.
In FIG. 24, p _∞ : uniform flow upstream and downstream of the vertical wind turbine and the pressure in the wind turbine (atmospheric pressure)
R: Arm length (blade turning radius)
A _∞ : Flow tube s inlet area V _∞ : Wind velocity at the inlet of flow tube s (uniform flow velocity)
A _u : sectional area on the upstream actuator surface of the flow tube s V _u : wind speed p ⁺ _u on the upstream actuator surface of the flow tube s: pressure p ⁻ _u on the upstream actuator surface upstream of the flow tube s: flow tube s Pressure A _a : cross-sectional area V _a in the wind turbine of the flow pipe s: wind speed A _d in the wind turbine of the flow pipe s: cross-sectional area V _d : flow in the downstream actuator surface of the flow pipe s Wind velocity p ⁺ _d on the downstream actuator surface of the pipe s: pressure p ⁻ _d on the downstream actuator surface upstream of the flow pipe s: pressure A _W on the downstream actuator surface downstream of the flow pipe s _W : outlet area V of the flow pipe s _W : Flow velocity at the exit of the flow tube s.

となる。流管sを上流側でよぎるブレードが受ける力Fu は、流管sを通る風が失う運動量に等しく

となり、数１から

となる。
一方、力F_uは上流側アクチュエータ面の風上側の圧力p⁺ _uと風下側の圧力p⁻ _uによる力の差として

と表される。
ベルヌーイの定理を図２４の流管s入口と上流側アクチュエータ面の風上側に適用した

と、ベルヌーイの定理を図２４の流管sの風車内と上流側アクチュエータ面の風下側に適用した

から算出されたp⁺ _uとp⁻ _uを数４に代入すれば

となる。数３と数７を等値して得られる関係

を数３に代入すれば、

となり、上流側減速率a_uを

と定義すれば、F_uは未知の上流側減速率a_uの関数として

と表される。
上流側アクチュエータにおける風速V_uは、数１０より

となる。 From the law of conservation of mass, the mass flow rate of air in each cross section of the flow tube s in FIG. 24 is equal.

It becomes. The force Fu received by the blade crossing the flow tube s upstream is equal to the momentum lost by the wind passing through the flow tube s.

From the number 1

It becomes.
On the other hand, the force _Fu is the difference between the force p ⁺ _u on the upstream actuator surface and the pressure p ⁻ _u on the leeward side.

It is expressed.
Bernoulli's theorem was applied to the flow pipe s inlet and upstream side of the upstream actuator surface in Fig. 24

And Bernoulli's theorem was applied to the windmill of the flow tube s and the leeward side of the upstream actuator surface in FIG.

Substituting p ⁺ _u and p ⁻ _u calculated from Eq.

It becomes. Relationship obtained by equalizing equations 3 and 7

Substituting into Equation 3,

And the upstream deceleration rate a _u

If defined, F _u as a function of the unknown upstream deceleration rate a _u

It is expressed.
Wind speed V _u in the upstream actuator

It becomes.

As shown in FIG. 25, the blade crossing the upstream actuator is subjected to a flow of the combined relative speed W of the circumferential speed V _r due to the blade rotation and the wind speed V _u of the upstream actuator of Formula 12.

In the double actuator multi-flow pipe model, it is considered that the force acting on the blade placed in the uniform flow having the relative velocity W acts on the blade at the upstream actuator position. The force F _B acting on the blade at the upstream actuator position is determined by the angle of attack at the Reynolds number, lift L and angle of attack when an airfoil having a blade cross-sectional shape is placed in a uniform flow of the relative velocity. It is calculated from data prepared in advance for the relationship of drag D.

の解から前記ブレード作用力F_Bが求められる。そして、このブレード作用力F_Bの回転円接線方向成分がブレード回転駆動力となる。 It said blade acting force F _B is a function of the wind speed V _u in the upstream-side actuator. Here, since the wind velocity V _u is a function of upstream deceleration rate a _u of the equation 12, the blade acting force F _B is a function F _B of a _u (a _u). Equation for a _u obtained by equalizing the x-direction component F _Bx (a _u ) and Equation 12

The blade acting force F _B is obtained from the solution of The rotary circular tangential component of the blade acting force F _B is the blade rotational driving force.

The downstream actuator is processed in the same manner as the upstream actuator by setting the flow tube inlet condition as the wind speed V _a in the wind turbine and the flow tube cross-sectional area A _a, and the blade rotational driving force on the downstream side is calculated. . If the above processing is performed on each flow tube, the blade rotation driving force and torque for each flow tube are obtained, and the output (P) of the entire wind turbine is calculated from the sum.

Using the output P thus calculated, Cp is derived as follows.
Cp = P / (1 / 2ρAV ³ )

  9A to 9C show an example of the rotation angle control of the relative angle 8 or the pitch angle 39 of only the straight blades 2 arranged on the same circumference. This rotation angle control is performed by a plurality of concentric circles shown in FIGS. The vertical wind power generation system 15 or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system having further excellent power generation efficiency, rotational energy conversion efficiency, and start-up characteristics can be obtained by performing the vertical blades 1 arranged in the shape of the straight blades 2 on the concentric circles. realizable.

  Further, from the relationship between the blade rotation angle 13, the pitch angle 39, and the circumferential speed ratio in FIG. 8B, it can be seen that the rotation angle adjustment of the pitch angle 13 needs to be increased when the circumferential speed ratio is smaller. In other words, when the peripheral speed ratio is large, the range of rotation angle adjustment is narrow, and as the peripheral speed ratio is small, the range of rotation angle adjustment is large. As the peripheral speed ratio decreases, the power generation efficiency by adjusting the relative angle 8 is reduced. It turns out that the effect of improvement becomes large.

FIG. 10 shows a process of deriving the relative angle 8 that maximizes Cp.
FIG. 10 (a) shows the process of calculating the relative angle 8 (or angle of attack 38, pitch angle 39) at which Cp is maximum for each zone. The relative angle 8 at which Cp is maximum in each zone is shown. It is an example which showed energy conversion efficiency improvement amount ((DELTA) Cp) at the time of calculating and changing.

  Thus, by clarifying the relationship between Cp and ΔCp and the relative angle 8 with the previous zone, the effect of adjusting the relative angle 8 and the relative to each zone or blade rotation angle 13 change. The energy required for the rotation adjustment at the angle 8 can be grasped.

For example, the rotation angle table 14 has a calculated value of ΔCp of the rotational energy conversion efficiency (Cp) by the relative angle 8 and minimizes the amount of change of the relative angle 8 during one rotation of the vertical blade 1. For this reason, the relative angle 8 is not adjusted in the relative angle 8 and the rotation angle table zone 14 or the blade rotation angle 13 where ΔCp is lower than a predetermined value, or the amount of change between ΔCp and the relative angle 8 is compared, When there is no effect commensurate with the improvement amount of ΔCp, it is possible to provide a rotation angle table 14 that reduces the change amount of the relative angle 8.
At this time, the rotation angle table 14 may be created with the degree of effect based on ΔCp and the amount of change in the relative angle 8.

  Further, in order to minimize the amount of change of the relative angle 8 during one rotation of the vertical blade, the relative angle 8 of ΔCp is set so as to minimize the relative angle 8 of the previous zone. A rotation angle table giving priority to the amount of change (priority mode with the smallest amount of change of the relative angle 8) may be used.

  FIG. 10B is an example showing the calculation result of the peripheral speed ratio and Cp. When the relative angle 8 is fixed at 90 degrees or 93 degrees, the peripheral speed ratio is 0.5 (low speed rotation range). The curves of Cp in the rotation angle table 14 at which Cp is maximized at the peripheral speed ratio 1.5 (medium speed rotation region) and the peripheral speed ratio 3 (high speed rotation region) are shown. The circumferential speed ratio 0.5, the circumferential speed ratio 1.5 and the circumferential speed ratio 3 show the improvement effect (ΔCp) of each Cp, and the maximum relative angle 8 at each circumferential speed ratio and wind speed is shown. The rotational angle table 14 is covered, and the rotational speed control of the vertical blade 1 is performed under the condition of the maximum Cp in each condition, so that the so-called power curve of the vertical wind power generation system 15 has the highest rotational energy conversion efficiency. Can be realized in the state.

  At this time, by adding or subtracting the angle of the wind direction 28 in the plane coordinate system 11 detected by the wind direction detecting means 19 to or from the relative angle 8 of the rotation angle table 14, the rotational energy conversion efficiency corresponding to any wind direction 28 is excellent. The vertical wind power generation system 15 can be realized.

  FIG. 11 is a simple operation diagram showing operations of rotation angle control of the straight blade 2 and rotation speed control of the vertical blade 1. Reference numeral 20 denotes a rotational torque, reference numeral 21 denotes a rotation suppression torque varying means, reference numeral 22 denotes a generator controller (rotational speed control means), and reference numeral 23 denotes a power controller.

  For the rotation angle control of the straight blade 2, the information on the relative angle 8 enters the rotation angle control device 10 by the rotation angle table 14, and an output signal necessary for setting the relative angle 8 is output to the drive source 30 of the rotation means 9. Then, the straight blade 2 is set to a relative angle 8 corresponding to the blade rotation angle 13.

  On the other hand, regarding the rotational speed control of the vertical blade 1, the vertical blade is obtained by balancing the rotational torque 20 caused by the rotational energy of the vertical blade 1 generated according to the wind speed 16 and the rotational inhibition torque caused by the load of the generator 5. Rotational speed control means 22 for controlling the rotational speed of 1 to a constant rotational speed is provided.

  The information on the rotational torque 20 and the information on the rotational speed detection means 18 enter the rotational speed control means 22, and the rotational speed control means 22 generates power for the rotational torque 20 generated according to the rotational speed detection means 18 of the generator 5. The rotation torque of the vertical blade 1 and the rotation suppression of the generator 5 are controlled by the rotation suppression torque variable means 21 that changes the electric power, voltage, current generated according to the rotation speed detection means 18 of the machine 5 or the resistance value added to the generator. By balancing the torque, the rotational speed can be controlled to be constant.

  At this time, in the peripheral speed ratio-Cp curve of FIG. 10B, it is essential to balance with the rotation speed on the right side (high rotation speed side) of the peak in the power curve. On the right side of the peak, increasing the rotation suppression torque decreases the rotational speed and increases the rotational torque 20 of the vertical blade 1. Therefore, the vertical blade 1 rotates again in the direction in which the rotational speed increases, and the rotational speed can be controlled. Become. On the other hand, on the left side of the peak, if the rotation suppression torque of the generator 5 is increased, the rotation torque of the vertical blade 1 decreases and the rotation speed rapidly decreases. Therefore, the rotation speed of the vertical blade 1 does not increase (the rotation speed). Stalls) For this reason, in the case of the control region on the left side of the peak, it is necessary to temporarily reduce the rotation suppression torque and return to the state of the rotational speed of the control region on the right side of the peak. The output of the generator 5 enters the power controller 23 via the rotation speed control means 22 and is output to the outside.

  Therefore, in order to perform stable rotational speed control with a high Cp, when the rotational angle table 14 corresponding to the peripheral speed ratio is used and the relative angle 8 is always controlled so that Cp is maximized, the peripheral speed ratio ( As for the control point of the rotation speed), the peripheral speed ratio must be set to the right side of the peak in the Cp-peripheral speed ratio curve.

  From the above results, when the rotation angle adjustment of the relative angle 8 of the straight blade 2 in FIGS. 5A to 5C is performed, the peripheral speed is compared with the effect of the rotation angle adjustment of the relative angle 8 in the region where the peripheral speed ratio is relatively high. The effect of improving the rotational energy conversion efficiency by adjusting the rotational angle of the relative angle 8 in the region where the ratio is relatively low is several times to several tens times larger.

  For this reason, in consideration of the balance between the cost of the equipment and the power generation efficiency, the straight blades 2 arranged on the outermost concentric circles have a fixed relative angle of 8 and the inner portions other than the straight blades 2 positioned on the outermost concentric circles. It is desirable to adjust the rotational angle of the relative angle 8 of the straight blade 2 located on the concentric circle on the circumferential side or the straight blade 2 located on the innermost concentric circle.

  Further, in the plurality of concentric vertical blades 1, the rotation angles of all the straight blades 2 may be adjusted, or the straight blades positioned on the inner concentric circle on the inner peripheral side which always has a small peripheral speed ratio. Relative angle adjustment may be performed for only two, or the rotation angle of the straight blades 2 on other concentric circles excluding the straight blades 2 located on the outermost circumference may be adjusted. Moreover, you may perform only the relative angle adjustment of the linear blade 2 located on the innermost circumference.

  As described above, the vertical blades 1 arranged concentrically with the straight blades 2 on the respective concentric circles adjust the rotation angle at the optimum relative angle 8 to further increase the power generation efficiency, the rotational energy conversion efficiency, and the startup characteristics. It is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system 15 or a vertical hydroelectric power generation system excellent in the above.

  5A to 5C, the configuration of the vertical blade 1 in which the solidity of the straight blade 2 located on the inner concentric circle is equal to or less than that of the straight blade 2 located on the outer concentric circle. It is good. The circumferential speed ratio of the straight blade 2 positioned on the inner concentric circle is always smaller than that of the straight blade 2 positioned on the outer concentric circle. At this time, if the solidity of the straight wings 2 on the inner peripheral side and the outer peripheral side is the same, the peripheral speed ratio at which the rotational energy conversion efficiency becomes maximum gradually goes to the lower peripheral speed ratio side as it goes on the inner concentric circle. Will shift.

  Therefore, when increasing the solidity as it goes to the inner circumference side, it greatly contributes to the improvement of the starting characteristics and the power generation efficiency at the time of light wind and low wind speed. However, the starting characteristics and the power generation efficiency at the time of light wind and low wind speed are not relatively considered, and in order to further improve the maximum value of the power generation efficiency, each straight blade 2 positioned on a concentric circle from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side. It is essential to gradually reduce the solidity of the engine and bring the peripheral speed ratio, which is the maximum output, as close as possible.

  As described above, in order to greatly improve the maximum output with respect to the single vertical blade 1 by the vertical blade 1 having the double or triple concentric straight blades 2, for each concentric circle, The solidity setting is an important component, and the power generation efficiency of the conventional vertical vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydropower generation system can be improved by matching the rotation speed or peripheral speed ratio that produces the maximum output as much as possible. It becomes possible to greatly improve.

On the other hand, it has a relative angle adjustment mode, and adjusts the rotation angle of the relative angle 8 for each of the straight blades 2 according to the wind speed or flow velocity, the rotation speed or peripheral speed ratio of the vertical blade 1, and the most rotational energy It is good also as a structure which adjusts the relative angle 8 used as the optimal fixed angle from which conversion efficiency or power generation efficiency becomes high.
Furthermore, the rotation angle table 14 having the relative angle 8 that maximizes the power generation efficiency may be updated by adjusting the rotation angle of the relative angle 8 of the straight blade 2 according to the rotation angle table 14 and the blade rotation angle 13.

  Thus, by automatically learning and adjusting the relative angle 8, a highly accurate and simple vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydroelectric power generation system with higher rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency and excellent start-up characteristics can be obtained. It can be realized in the adjustment process.

  Further, the vertical wind power generation system 15 has an output inspection mode and periodically compares the stored output characteristics such as the previous power generation efficiency or power generation amount or the newly measured results with the rotation angle table 14. Alternatively, the power generation state of the vertical hydroelectric power generation system is verified and grasped, and the relative angle adjustment mode is performed when the change amount of the preset output characteristic is exceeded. By periodically performing this output inspection mode and performing maintenance at a relative angle of 8, it is possible to greatly improve the reliability of the vertical wind power generation system or the vertical hydropower generation system with an inexpensive configuration.

  In the first embodiment, in FIGS. 5A to 5C, the straight blades 2 are arranged in a plurality of concentric circles and the relative angle 8 of any or all of the straight blades 2 is adjusted. It is good also as a structure which adjusts the angle of the relative angle 8 so that the linear wing | blade 2 on all the concentric circles may reduce rotational torque. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce the load on the generator and reduce the increase in centrifugal force due to the increase in the number of rotations of the vertical blade 1, and the vertical wind power generation system or the vertical type excellent in reliability and power generation efficiency. A hydroelectric power generation system can be realized.

(Embodiment 2)
A vertical wind power generation system according to Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13.
FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram of a top view of the vertical wind power generation system 15 or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15, and FIG. 12B is a schematic side view of the vertical wind power generation system 15 or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15. FIG. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the vertical wind power generation system 15 or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15, and shows the rotation directions of the straight blades 2 and the vertical blades 1.

  As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the vertical wind power generation system 15 or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15 includes a vertical blade 1 composed of a plurality of straight blades 2 and a vertical blade 1 (straight blade 2). A holding arm 3, a shaft unit 4 fixed to the arm 3 and supporting the rotation of the arm 3, a generator 5 that works in conjunction with the shaft unit 4 to convert the rotational energy of the vertical blade 1 into electrical energy, and a vertical blade 1, a frame 50 that holds the arm 3 and the shaft unit 4, a shaft unit holding portion 7 that is composed of bearings and pivotally supports the shaft unit 4 on the frame 50, and air or water that flows into the vertical blade 1 A configuration including a flow velocity distribution adding device 52 for adding a flow velocity distribution and a fixing portion 53 for fixing the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 to the frame 50. It is.

  Two vertical blades 1 are mounted and rotate in opposite directions. By setting the rotation directions in the opposite directions, the radial forces generated in the X direction and the Y direction can be canceled each other, and the vibration generated in the frame 50 can be greatly reduced.

  The flow velocity distribution adding device 52 is composed of a plurality of flow velocity control plates 57 which are flow velocity control means, and assigns a flow velocity distribution to the air or water flowing into the vertical blade 1 so that it is most at the blade rotation angle 13 of the vertical blade 1. It is possible to concentrate the flow velocity on the blade rotation angle 13 where the power generation efficiency is high, the blade rotation angle 13 where the rotation force in the tangential direction due to lift and effectiveness is high, or the zone within the preset angle range, and the rotational energy conversion efficiency In addition, it is possible to realize the vertical wind power generation system 15 or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15 that is excellent in power generation efficiency and has a large amount of power generation.

Further, by reducing the flow velocity at the blade rotation angle 13 that generates the negative rotational torque or by reducing the flow velocity to zero, the negative rotational torque is reduced, the rotational torque in the tangential direction is greatly increased, and the rotational energy conversion efficiency and The power generation efficiency can be greatly improved.
At this time, since the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 collects the flow velocity in a region larger than the projected area of the vertical blade 1, the power generation efficiency can be further improved.

  The frame 50 includes a top surface 54, a bottom surface 55, and a partition portion 51. The top surface 54 and the bottom surface 55 constitute the shaft unit holding portion 7, respectively, and hold the shaft unit 4 in a rotational state with high accuracy. Yes.

  By the partition portion 51 of the frame 50, the interference of the flow generated by the rotation of the two vertical blades 1 can be greatly reduced, and the reduction in power generation efficiency can be prevented.

  Reference numeral 56 denotes a flow velocity acceleration mechanism, which is configured to increase the flow velocity of the vertical blade 1 by narrowing the width of the flow path. At this time, the flow velocity acceleration mechanism 56 is configured on the downstream side of the center line of the vertical blade 1 so as to reduce the size of the frame 50 in the width direction and realize efficient acceleration. Reference numeral 12 denotes a reference angle, reference numeral 13 denotes a blade rotation angle, reference numeral 8 denotes a relative angle, and reference numeral 16 denotes a wind speed or a flow velocity.

  The vertical blade 1 is composed of a plurality of straight blades 2 arranged concentrically, and is held rotatably by an arm 3. The shaft unit 4 fixes and holds the arm 3 and supports the rotation of the arm. The shaft unit 4 is coupled (or integrated) with the rotating portion (rotor, shaft, etc.) of the generator 5 that converts the rotational energy of the vertical blade 1 into electric energy, and interlocks with it. Convert to energy.

At this time, the shaft unit 4 and the rotating portion of the generator 5 may be coupled via a coupling portion 24 (not shown in detail). The coupling portion 24 is a coupling, a gear, a speed increaser, a speed reducer, or the like. It is composed of either. At this time, the rotational speed-output characteristic of the vertical blade 1 and the rotational speed-output characteristic of the generator 5 can be matched by the speed increasing ratio or the speed reducing ratio of the coupling portion 24.
Further, the straight blade 2 is rotatably held on the arm 3 by a rotating means 9 (not shown). The details of the rotating means 9 are the same as those shown in FIG. 2 (a) or (b).

  Further, the reference angle 12 (0 degree) in the plane coordinate system 11 (X axis, Y axis, Z axis, origin O), the blade rotation angle 13 (θ) of the vertical blade 1 or the straight blade 2, and the vertical blade 1 A blade diameter 26 as a diameter, a mounting portion 27 of the arm 3 and the straight blade 2, a relative angle 8, and a wind speed 16 are shown. The straight blade 2 is held in a rotatable state at an attachment angle of a relative angle of 8 at the position of the attachment portion 27 with respect to the arm 3.

  With the configuration described above, water or air flows near the rotation angle of the blade rotation angle 13 at which the tangential rotational force generated by the vertical blade 1 is highest in the flow velocity energy of air or water flowing into the vertical blade 1. By concentrating the flow velocity energy, the blade rotation angle 13 with the highest power generation efficiency at the blade rotation angle 13 of the vertical blade 1 or the rotation angle of the blade rotation angle 13 with a high rotational force in the tangential direction due to lift and effectiveness. It is possible to concentrate the flow velocity in the vicinity, and it is possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydropower generation system that is excellent in rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency and has a large amount of power generation. Further, by reducing the flow velocity at the blade rotation angle 13 that generates the negative rotational torque or by reducing the flow velocity to zero, the negative rotational torque is reduced, the rotational torque in the tangential direction is greatly increased, and the rotational energy conversion efficiency and The power generation efficiency can be greatly improved.

  14 to 18 show the Cp improvement when the flow velocity distribution is added and the pitch angle 39 is controlled by the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 according to the second embodiment, and the flow velocity distribution is added and the pitch angle 39 is controlled. It is the figure which showed the effect with the case where it performs simultaneously.

  A search is made for the pitch angle 39 at which Cp (rotational energy conversion efficiency) is maximized at each wind speed and peripheral speed ratio (rotation speed), and an example of the relationship between the analysis results of the relationship between the wind speed, the peripheral speed ratio, and Cp is shown. It shows a significant improvement effect of Cp.

  In FIG. 14A, the result of searching for the optimum pitch angle 39 distribution when the wind receiving area on the upstream side of the vertical blade 1 is equally divided into three in the direction perpendicular to the wind direction and the three-stage wind speed distribution is set. It is. The wind speed distribution is set to coincide with the case where the kinetic energy flow rate passing through the wind receiving surface is a uniform flow. At this time, the setting of the wind speed distribution with a constant kinetic energy flow rate is set based on the following idea.

As shown in FIG. 14 (b), a high speed range (the reference wind velocity 12m / s) in the reference flow velocity speed _{V M} during ones of a three-stage wind velocity _V M = 12m / s, high-speed VH and _V H = 14m / s If it is a, low-speed VL into kinetic energy constant flow rate conditions (number 14), respectively by substituting the _{V H} and _{V M,} obtain a _V L = _8.93m / s shown in Formula 15.

Further, in the medium speed region (reference wind velocity 6 m / s), when the reference velocity the velocity _{V M} during ones of a three-stage wind velocity _V M = 6 m / s, the high-speed _{V H} and a _V H = 7m / s, slow V _L is the kinetic energy constant flow rate conditions (number 14), respectively by substituting the _{V H} and _{V M,} obtain a _V L = _4.46m / s shown in Formula 16.

Similarly, in the low speed range (reference wind speed 3m / s), when the reference velocity the velocity _{V M} during ones of a three-stage wind velocity _V M = 3m / s, the high-speed _{V H} and a _V H = 3.5 m / s, a low speed For V _L , V _H and V _M are substituted for the constant kinetic energy flow rate (Expression 14), respectively, and V _L = 2.23 m / s shown in Expression 17 is obtained.

  On the other hand, Cp is calculated by the so-called multi-flow tube double actuator method shown in the above equations 1 to 13, and the calculation conditions of the vertical blade 1 are the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of a specific target blade as the airfoil data. Using the angle-of-attack relationship, the wind speed is set to the above data, the blade diameter is 4m, the chord length 29 is 30cm, the length of the straight blade 2 is 4m, the number of the straight blades 2 is 3, and the concentric circle is single. It is said.

  The search for the optimum pitch angle 39 that maximizes Cp is performed in 36 zones with 360 degrees per rotation, with the blade rotation angle 13 (θ) shown in FIG. It is equally divided into 1 to 36 zones in order. An example of the search for the optimum pitch angle 39 is shown in FIGS. The horizontal axis indicates the pitch angle 39 (PITCH ANGLE) in the zone 19 (blade rotation angle 13 is 180 degrees to 190 degrees), and the vertical axis indicates Cp (represented as CP).

  15A shows the result of the condition of the peripheral speed ratio 3 in the high speed range (reference wind speed 12 m / s), and FIG. 15B shows the result of the peripheral speed ratio 0.5 in the high speed range (reference wind speed 12 m / s). The results are shown respectively.

  16A shows the result of the condition of the peripheral speed ratio 3 in the medium speed range (reference wind speed 6 m / s), and FIG. 16B shows the result of the peripheral speed ratio 0 in the medium speed range (reference wind speed 6 m / s). Each result of the condition of .5 is shown.

  Further, FIG. 17A shows the result of the condition of the peripheral speed ratio 3 in the low speed region (reference wind speed 3 m / s), and FIG. 17B shows the peripheral speed ratio 0.5 in the low speed region (reference wind speed 3 m / s). The result of each condition is shown.

  15 to 17 show the results of CP under four conditions of condition 1 to condition 4. The effect of adding the wind speed distribution (flow velocity distribution) to the fixed pitch / no wind speed distribution in condition 1 and the pitch angle 39 of FIG. The adjustment effect and the effect of adding the wind speed distribution and further adjusting the pitch angle 39 are shown.

  In the high speed region shown in FIG. 15, when the peripheral speed ratio is 3, as a result of adding the wind speed distribution to no fixed pitch / wind speed distribution, about 20% CP rises, while as a result of adjusting the pitch angle 39, about 10% CP. As a result of adding the wind speed distribution and adjusting the pitch angle 39, the CP increases by about 30%.

  On the other hand, when the peripheral speed ratio is 0.5, the CP increases significantly from about 0 to about 0.1 as a result of adding the wind speed distribution to the fixed pitch / no wind speed distribution, and the effect of adjusting the pitch angle 39 is achieved. It turns out that there is not much.

  Similarly, in the medium speed range shown in FIG. 16, under the condition of the peripheral speed ratio 3, as a result of adding the wind speed distribution to the fixed pitch / no wind speed distribution, about 15% CP increases, while the pitch angle 39 is adjusted. As a result, about 10% CP is increased. As a result of adding the wind speed distribution and adjusting the pitch angle 39, about 25% CP is increased.

  On the other hand, when the peripheral speed ratio is 0.5, the CP increases significantly from about 0 to about 0.1 as a result of adding the wind speed distribution to the fixed pitch / no wind speed distribution, and the effect of adjusting the pitch angle 39 is achieved. You can see that there is no.

  Similarly, in the low speed region shown in FIG. 17, under the condition of the peripheral speed ratio 3, as a result of adding the wind speed distribution to the fixed pitch / no wind speed distribution, about 5% CP rises, while the result of adjusting the pitch angle 39 About 20% CP is increased. As a result of adding the wind speed distribution and adjusting the pitch angle 39, about 30% CP is increased.

  On the other hand, when the peripheral speed ratio is 0.5, the CP is significantly increased from about 0 to about 0.08 as a result of adding the wind speed distribution to the fixed pitch / no wind speed distribution, and the effect of adjusting the pitch angle 39 is achieved. Is small.

As described above, when the peripheral speed ratio is large, the adjustment of the pitch angle 39 and the addition of the flow velocity distribution are large in the high speed region and the medium speed region, and the adjustment effect of the pitch angle 39 is large in the low speed region.
Further, when the peripheral speed ratio is small, the effect of adjusting the pitch angle 39 is large in the high speed range, the medium speed range, and the low speed range.

  Thus, although there is a difference in the CP improvement effect in each wind speed and circumferential speed ratio, the addition of the flow velocity distribution, the angle adjustment of the pitch angle 39, the addition of the flow velocity distribution and the adjustment of the pitch angle 39 are all significant effects. I know that there is.

  In this calculation, the above calculation method is used to calculate the effect of adding the flow velocity distribution and adjusting the pitch angle. However, the flow velocity distribution in the actual vertical wind power generation system 15 or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15 and Since there is a difference from the pressure distribution, the CP improvement effect includes an error.

  This flow velocity distribution is calculated by calculation using a constant kinetic energy flow rate on the assumption that the pressure is constant. Therefore, in reality, it is difficult to accurately realize the same flow velocity distribution from a uniform flow having a wind receiving area equivalent to that of the vertical blade 1.

However, there is no problem with the directionality of creating the flow velocity distribution as described above and obtaining the Cp improvement effect as described above. Further, in order to accurately verify the relationship between the uniform flow and the flow velocity distribution in consideration of the pressure distribution, the rotation of the windmill, and the efficiency, it is necessary to separately perform a thermal fluid analysis such as CFD.
18 (a) and 18 (b) are diagrams showing in more detail the amount of generated rotational torque in the high speed region of FIG. 14 (b).

  FIG. 18 (a) shows the relationship between the peripheral speed ratio and Cp for condition 1 (no wind speed distribution) and condition 2 (with wind speed distribution), and FIG. 18 (b) shows the most CP in FIG. 18 (a). It is the figure which showed the blade rotation angle 13 and the torque coefficient (torque coefficient) while the vertical type | mold blade 1 in the peripheral speed ratio 3.5 in the large peripheral speed ratio 3.5 makes one rotation. Under this condition, it can be seen that the generated torque is greatest when the blade rotation angle 13 is around 180 degrees.

  Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the vertical blade 1 is maximized by concentrating the flow velocity energy of water or air in a specific region of the blade rotation angle 13 where the tangential rotational force generated by the vertical blade 1 is the highest. The wind speed can be concentrated in the vicinity of the blade rotation angle 13 or the blade rotation angle 13 where the rotational force in the tangential direction is high due to lift and effectiveness, and the vertical wind power that has excellent rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency and a large amount of power generation A power generation system or a vertical hydroelectric power generation system can be realized.

From the output characteristic of the rotational torque per one rotation of the vertical blade 1 in FIG. 18B, it is between 90 degrees and 270 degrees, and 180 degrees is a peak. Therefore, with respect to the blade diameter 26 of the vertical blade 1, the flow velocity in the region of the substantially central portion that is 30% to 85% of the diameter of the vertical blade 1 in the plane perpendicular to the flux (or flow velocity) or Cp can be greatly improved by increasing the flow velocity in the region of 110 to 250 degrees at the blade rotation angle 13 and decreasing the flow velocity in the other divided regions.
FIGS. 19A and 19B are diagrams showing the generated torque characteristics in the low speed region of FIG. 14B in more detail.

  FIG. 19 (a) shows the relationship between the peripheral speed ratio and Cp (CP) for condition 1 (no wind speed distribution) and condition 2 (with wind speed distribution), and FIG. 19 (b) is the graph in FIG. 19 (a). It is the figure which showed the blade rotation angle 13 and the torque coefficient while the vertical type blade 1 in the peripheral speed ratio which becomes the area | region of a low peripheral speed ratio makes one rotation. Under this condition, it can be seen that the generated torque is a negative rotational torque when the blade rotational angle 13 is around 90 degrees, and this negative rotational torque is greatly reduced by adding the wind speed distribution.

  Therefore, particularly under the condition of the low peripheral speed ratio in the low speed region, the negative rotational torque that suppresses the rotational torque generated by the vertical blade 1 is concentrated, and the flow velocity energy of water or air is concentrated in a specific region of the blade rotational angle 13. By doing so, it becomes possible to significantly reduce, and it becomes possible to realize a vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydroelectric power generation system excellent in starting characteristics.

  In the second embodiment, the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 has a substantially central portion in a rectangular cross section assuming three or more divided regions in the horizontal direction (Y direction) on the air or water inflow surface to the vertical blade 1. The flow velocity distribution in the blade rotation angle 13 may be configured in the vicinity of the zone of the blade rotation angle 13 where the generated torque is the highest.

  In the second embodiment, the vertical blade 1 has a double concentric configuration, but it may be single or triple. Further, the rotation adjustment of the relative angle 8 may be performed only for the straight wing 2 on a specific concentric circle, or the angle adjustment of the relative angle 8 may not be performed for all the straight wings 2.

  Further, although the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 collects the flow velocity in a region larger than the projected area of the vertical blade 1, it may be configured to collect the flow velocity in a region having a projection area similar to that of the vertical blade 1. Thus, a configuration in which the region for collecting the flow velocity can be adjusted or a configuration in which the mounting angle of the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 is variable may be employed.

In the second embodiment, the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 is fixed so as to be rotatable or slidable with respect to the frame 50, and the flow velocity distribution pattern may be variable according to the flow velocity and the flow rate. It is good also as a structure which can adjust the projection area of the upstream fluid which flows in into the type | mold blade 1. FIG.
In addition to being able to form various flow velocity distributions with a relatively simple structure, this configuration makes it possible to form high-precision flow velocity distributions in a short time. It is possible to realize the apparatus 52, to reduce the equipment cost, and to realize the vertical wind power generation system 15 or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15 that is excellent in rotational energy conversion efficiency and power generation efficiency, and has a large amount of power generation and high investment recovery efficiency. Is possible.
In addition, although the partition part 51 was provided in Embodiment 2, the structure which lose | eliminates the partition part 51 may be sufficient in consideration that power generation efficiency falls by interference of a flux.

Further, the surface of the frame 50 such as the top surface 54, the bottom surface 55, and the partition portion 51 may be a plate as shown in FIG. The central portion such as the portion 7 may be partially left, and the other portions may be hollowed out, or the side wall may be hollowed out only at the central portion. In this case, since the flux flows inside the frame, the resistance of the flux (flow velocity) is greatly reduced, and the weight can be significantly reduced.
Further, the flow velocity acceleration mechanism 56 may be eliminated from the viewpoint of size and cost.

In the second embodiment, the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 is fixed to the frame 50 via the fixing portion 53. However, the vertical blade 1 and the frame 50 are configured separately from the vertical blade 1 or the vertical blade. It is good also as a structure arrange | positioned upstream of a wind power generation system or a vertical-type hydroelectric power generation system.
In the second embodiment, two vertical blades 1 are mounted. However, although the vibration suppressing function is lowered, there is no problem even if only one vertical blade 1 is mounted.

  Furthermore, the plate-like flow rate control plate 57 which is a constituent element of the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 may have a non-plate-like shape as long as it has a function of adding a flow velocity distribution. Good.

  Further, the plate-like flow rate control plate 57 or the flow rate control unit 57 that is a component of the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 is not an oblique component, but may be an open gate configuration as shown in FIGS.

  12C and 12D are diagrams in which a flow velocity distribution adding device 52 and a vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15 are configured in a river and a water channel. The vertical blade 1 and the frame 50 and the flow velocity distribution adding device of the vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15 are illustrated. 52 and a separate body.

  In FIG. 12C, the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 is fixed to the upstream side of the vertical blade 1 by bolts or foundation work, and the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 is configured with a flow velocity control unit 57 via a fixing portion 53. The opening size 58 of the flow velocity control unit 57 is set to an arbitrary value of 30% to 85% of the diameter φD (straight diameter 26) of the vertical blade 1 or 120 to 250 degrees of the blade rotation angle 13, and is orthogonal to the inflow direction. The opening position 59 in the direction is not limited to the rotation center of the vertical blade 1, and the deviation of the center position of the opening position 59 from the rotation center of the vertical blade 1 is in the range of 0% to ± 30% of the blade diameter 26. The set value is arbitrary according to the blade diameter 26, the peripheral speed ratio, the flow velocity, the solidity, and the pitch angle 39.

  At this time, the range of the opening size 58 is determined by setting the range of the maximum value of the torque coefficient or generated torque in one rotation of the blade rotation angle 13 to a value larger than a predetermined value (threshold). The opening position 59 is defined as the distance in the Y direction between the center of rotation of the vertical blade 1 and the center of the opening size 58.

  Further, the opening size 58 and the opening position 59 of the opening have a maximum Cp due to the relationship of the generated torque with respect to the blade rotation angle 13 of the vertical blade 1 under the conditions of the configuration of the vertical blade 1, the flow velocity, and the peripheral speed ratio. The opening size 58 and the opening position 59 are calculated and determined.

  At this time, the flow rate control unit 57 may be configured to adjust the opening size 58 and the opening position 59 in real time according to the flow rate and the peripheral speed ratio, or the flow rate control unit 57 is completely connected to the flow rate distribution adding device 52 by the fixing unit 53. May be fixed.

  The flow velocity distribution of the fluid (water) flowing into the vertical blade 1 is determined by the opening size 58 and the opening position 59 of the opening. However, the flow velocity at the Y-direction position outside the opening may be greatly reduced. A configuration in which the flow velocity difference is relatively relaxed may be used.

When the flow velocity control unit 57 is short and the distance between the opening and the vertical blade 1 in the flow direction is close, the flow velocity is at the Y direction position in the region of the opening flowing into the vertical blade 1 and the region other than the opening. Although the difference in distribution is relatively large, when the flow rate control unit 57 is relatively long and the distance between the opening and the vertical blade 1 in the flow direction is large, the region of the opening flowing into the vertical blade 1 and the opening The difference in flow velocity distribution at the Y-direction position in the region other than the portion is relatively small. In addition, since the flow velocity control unit 57 is disposed obliquely with respect to the flow direction, the flow turbulence (turbulence degree) is reduced and vortices are less likely to be generated. Flows into the vertical blade 1, the configuration of the flow velocity control unit 57 having an oblique configuration is a large component for maintaining the power generation efficiency.
It should be noted that the flow velocity distribution adding device 52, the frame 50 and the vertical blade 1 in the second embodiment may be integrated or separate.

  In addition, the flow rate control unit 57 may be configured obliquely to the flow rate direction, or may be parallel, and the power generation efficiency is reduced. However, since it has a cost reduction effect, the flow rate control unit 57 may be a simple opening.

  Note that the vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15 in FIG. 12C may be fixed to a water channel or a river by bolts to concrete or the like, or by a foundation work or the like and fixed by metal parts or the like.

  FIG. 12D is a diagram in which a flow velocity distribution adding device 52 and a vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15 are configured in a river and a water channel. The difference from FIG. 12C is that the flow rate control unit 57 is not a guide plate having an oblique angle, but the flow rate control unit 57 configured on a surface substantially orthogonal to the flow rate is moved up and down to form an opening. It is said. At this time, the movement of the flow velocity control unit 57 in the vertical direction may be configured to adjust the opening size 58 and the opening position 59 in real time according to the flow velocity and the peripheral speed ratio, or may be a fixed type. As a fixing method, it may be moved by a screw type, or may be fixed by a fastener such as a bolt or a pin.

Further, if the opening size 58 and the opening position 59 of the opening are fixed, the flow rate control unit 57 may be omitted, and the flow rate distribution adding device 52 may simply have an opening (hole).
In FIG. 12D, the openings are continuously formed, but the openings may be formed at a certain distance.

(Embodiment 3)
A vertical wind power generation system according to Embodiment 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 20 (a) and 20 (b). The difference from the first and second embodiments is that the wind direction detecting means 19 is used to detect the wind direction 28 (angle) with respect to the reference angle 12 around the rotation center O of the plane coordinate system 11 of the wind flowing into the vertical blade 19. The configuration. In addition, the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 is disposed at the four corners of the vertical blade 1, and the rotating means 9 is installed at the lower portion of the fixed portion 53 to hold the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 in a rotatable state. Accordingly, the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 is rotated to always make Cp maximum in accordance with any wind direction (or flow direction).

  With this configuration, it is possible to always maintain the maximum CP according to any wind direction, flow direction, and tide flow direction, and the vertical wind power generation system 15, the vertical hydropower generation system 15, which has excellent power generation efficiency, Alternatively, the vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15 disposed in the sea in offshore wind power generation can be realized.

  In the third embodiment, the flow velocity distribution adding device 52 uses the flow velocity detecting means 17 for detecting the flow velocity of air or water to the vertical blade 1, the wind direction detecting means 19 for detecting the inflow angle, and the rotating means 9. It is good also as a structure arrange | positioned by multiple and making the pattern of flow velocity distribution variable according to the flow direction of air or water, and the wind direction 28 (inflow angle) to the vertical type | mold blade 1. FIG.

  In the first to third embodiments, the vertical wind power generation system is mainly applied to the scope of the present invention. However, even if the vertical wind power generation system is applied to the hydroelectric power generation system, there is no problem or the offshore wind power generation system or the tidal power generation system is applied. Also good. In this case, in the calculation of the rotation angle table 14 using the blade element momentum theory, the information of the density ρ, the viscosity coefficient, and the airfoil characteristics (lift force, drag force) is changed by changing the fluid from air to water.

(Embodiment 4)
The vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15 according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 21A, 21B, 21C, 21D, and 22.
The difference from the first to third embodiments is that when the angle control of the pitch angle 39 is performed, the opening position 59 at the medium peripheral speed ratio and the high peripheral speed ratio is greatly different from the opening position 59 at the low peripheral speed ratio. It is.

  FIG. 21A shows a state where the flow velocity distribution is divided into three rectangular cross sections in a cross section orthogonal to the flow velocity direction. The flow velocity distribution calculated from the constant kinetic energy flow rate of Equation 14 is shown. CASE 2 has a maximum flow velocity of 3.5 m / s at the center, and flow velocity distributions of 3 m / s and 2.23 m / s on both sides, respectively. Forming. In this case, the center in the Y-axis direction (rotation center of the vertical blade 1) and the center in the Y-axis direction of the maximum value of the flow velocity distribution are substantially the same.

  On the other hand, in CASE3, the flow velocity in the lower area of the figure (blade rotation angle 13 near 200 to 340 degrees) is set as the maximum flow velocity, the area near the center is 3 m / s, and the upper area is 2.23 m. / S respectively.

  21B and FIG. 21C are diagrams showing the relationship between Cp and the peripheral speed ratio using the flow velocity distribution of FIG. 21A. Conditions 3, 4 and 5 have the effect of improving Cp over conditions 1 and 2. large. This can be said that the effect of adjusting the pitch angle 39 is great.

  Moreover, there is no significant difference in the Cp improvement effect of the conditions 3, 4 and 5. The results show that there is not much difference in the Cp improvement effect between Condition 4 (CASE 2) and Condition 5 (CASE 3).

  As shown in FIG. 21D, when the torque coefficient (generated torque) is taken on the vertical axis and the blade rotation angle 13 is taken on the horizontal axis, in condition 3, the torque coefficient increases from about 150 degrees to 240 degrees. To increase. Therefore, if the flow velocity in the angular region is increased, it can be easily inferred that the torque coefficient increases more than condition 4 and condition 5.

  Conditions 4 and 5 are less effective because the maximum flow velocity is switched around 200 degrees. However, by increasing the wind speed from around 150 degrees to around 240 degrees, the flow velocity distribution is further increased with respect to condition 3. The added effect can be exhibited and Cp increases.

  At this time, the blade rotation angle 13 that generates the maximum torque under condition 3 is about 200 degrees, and the blade rotation angle that generates the maximum torque deviates greatly from 180 degrees. Accordingly, the opening position 59 varies greatly depending on the peripheral speed ratio, and in the region where the peripheral speed ratio is 1 or less, it is important to increase the flow velocity from around 150 degrees to around 240 degrees.

FIG. 22 shows a configuration example of the hydroelectric power generation system 15 in the fourth embodiment. The opening position 59 in FIG. 12C is largely shifted to the negative side of the Y axis, and the opening size 58 is about 200 degrees around the blade rotation angle 13. The center is arranged to increase the flow velocity around 150 to 240 degrees of the blade rotation angle 13.
With this configuration, the power generation efficiency of the vertical hydroelectric power generation system 15 can be significantly improved under conditions of a low peripheral speed ratio and a low flow rate.

From the above description, many modifications and other embodiments of the present invention are obvious to one skilled in the art.
Accordingly, the foregoing description should be construed as illustrative only and is provided for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the best mode of carrying out the invention. The details of the structure and / or function may be substantially changed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

  The present invention realizes a vertical wind power generation system or a hydroelectric power generation system that is superior in power generation efficiency and reliability by performing the rotation angle control of the relative angle of the vertical blades that is optimal and precise as compared with the prior art. Therefore, this invention can be utilized for a vertical wind power generation system and a vertical hydroelectric power generation system, for example.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical type blade 2 Straight blade 3 Arm 4 Shaft unit 5 Generator 6 Pole 7 Shaft unit holding part 8 Relative angle 9 Rotating means 10 Rotation angle control device 11 Planar coordinate system 12 Reference angle 13 Blade rotation angle 14 Rotation angle table 15 Vertical wind power generation system (hydropower generation system)
16 wind speed 17 wind speed detection means 18 rotation speed detection means 19 wind direction detection means 20 rotation torque 21 rotation suppression torque variable means 22 generator controller (rotation speed control means)
23 Power controller 24 Coupling portion 25 Blade chord 26 Blade diameter 27 Mounting portion 28 Wind direction 29 Blade chord length 30 Drive source 31 Power transmission portion 32 Shaft support portion 33 Rotating shaft portion 34 Blade length 35 Peripheral speed 36 Directional speed 37 Relative wind speed 38 Angle of attack 39 Pitch angle 40 Lift 41 Drag 42 Rotational torque due to lift 43 Rotational torque due to drag 50 Frame 51 Partition 52 Flow velocity distribution adding device 53 Fixed portion 54 Top surface 55 Bottom surface 56 Flow rate acceleration mechanism 57 Flux control unit (flow rate control plate )
58 Aperture size 59 Aperture position 60 Power source

Claims (23)

A vertical blade composed of a plurality of straight blades arranged concentrically on at least two rows of the inner and outer circumferences, an arm for holding the straight blade, and the arm fixed to the arm A shaft unit that supports the rotation of the arm, a generator that operates in conjunction with the shaft unit and converts the rotational energy of the vertical blade into electrical energy, and a pole or frame that holds the vertical blade, the arm, and the shaft unit And the pole or the frame has a shaft unit holding portion for rotatably holding the shaft unit,
In the rotation speed or circumferential speed ratio when generating the maximum output of the vertical blade, the rotation speed or circumferential speed ratio of the vertical blade disposed on the outer peripheral side is set on the inner peripheral side. A vertical wind power generation system or a vertical hydroelectric power generation system characterized in that the rotation speed or peripheral speed ratio of the vertical blade is reduced stepwise.   The vertical blade has a circumference on the outer circumference side relative to the solidity of the straight wing arranged on the circumference on the inner circumference side (ratio of the circumference length to the chord length x the number of blades in the blade diameter). The vertical wind power generation system or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the solidity of the straight wing disposed above is increased stepwise. Relative flow velocity, which is a combination of the flow velocity of wind or water, and the flow velocity toward the circumferential speed, which is the rotational speed of the vertical blade, and the chord that forms the line segment connecting the leading edge and trailing edge of the straight blade The angle of attack is an angle between the chord and the arm, or the chord for the purpose of changing the relative angle in order to make the angle of attack such that the rotational force in the tangential direction increases. And the angle between the tangential direction at the holding position of the straight blade and
Rotating means for independently rotating the relative angles of the straight blades in the plane of rotation of the vertical blade;
A rotation angle control device for controlling the relative angle by the rotation means;
A blade rotation angle of the vertical blade or each of the straight blades from a reference angle in a plane coordinate system based on the rotation center of the vertical blade, and a flow velocity detection means for detecting the flow velocity;
A rotational speed detection means for detecting the rotational speed of the vertical blade;
A rotation angle table of the relative angle calculated from the flow velocity, the rotation speed or the peripheral speed ratio, and the blade rotation angle;
Using the rotation angle control device for the straight blade based on the rotation angle table, in the plurality of straight blades arranged concentrically on at least two circumferences of the inner circumferential side and the outer circumferential side, The vertical wind power generation system or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system is characterized in that the relative angle of the straight blades is controlled according to the blade rotation angle of all the straight blades or only the straight blades on a specific concentric circle.   In the vertical blade having a plurality of straight blades arranged on double or triple concentric circles, only the straight blades other than the innermost or outermost periphery of the straight blades according to the blade rotation angle. The vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydropower generation system according to claim 3, wherein the relative angle is controlled.   A vertical blade composed of a plurality of straight blades, an arm holding the vertical blade or the straight blade, a shaft unit fixed to the arm and supporting the rotation of the arm, and interlocking with the shaft unit, A generator that converts rotational energy of a vertical blade into electrical energy, a pole or frame that holds the vertical blade, the arm, and the shaft unit, and the pole or the frame rotatably holds the shaft unit. A shaft unit holding portion for fixing the vertical unit, and a flow rate fixed to the pole or the frame or separately installed on the inflow surface side of the vertical blade to generate a desired flow velocity distribution in the wind or water flowing into the vertical blade A vertical wind power generation system, Vertical-type hydroelectric power system.   The flow velocity distribution is a flow velocity in a region of a substantially central portion that is 30% to 85% of the diameter of the vertical blade or a straight blade of the vertical blade in a rectangular cross section orthogonal to the wind or water inflow surface to the vertical blade. Increase the flow velocity in the region of 120 to 250 degrees at the blade rotation angle, decrease the flow velocity in the other divided regions, and increase the flux, and the inflow of the center position of the region and the rotation center of the vertical blade 6. The vertical wind power generation system or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 5, wherein a deviation in a direction perpendicular to the plane is in a range of 0% ± 30% of a diameter of the vertical blade.   A flow rate detecting means for detecting a flow rate of wind or water to the vertical blade and / or an inflow angle detecting device for detecting an inflow angle, and the flow rate distribution adding device comprises a plurality of flow rate control means, The vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydraulic power according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a pattern of the flow velocity distribution is variable in accordance with a flow velocity of wind or water and the inflow angle into the vertical blade. Power generation system.   The flow velocity distribution is a rectangular cross section orthogonal to the inflow surface of wind or water to the vertical blade, and the flow velocity, the flow velocity, the rotational speed or peripheral speed ratio of the vertical blade, and the inflow angle are at least one of the following conditions: Accordingly, the flow velocity in an arbitrary cross-sectional area that is 30% to 85% of the diameter of the vertical blade and is not limited to the substantially central portion is increased, and the flow velocity in other regions is decreased. Item 8. The vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydropower generation system according to any one of Items 5 to 7.   9. The vertical flow rate according to claim 7, wherein the flow velocity control means makes the flow velocity distribution variable by a flux distribution control section that rotates or slides with respect to the flow velocity control means. Wind power generation system or vertical hydropower generation system.   The relative angle of the straight blade and the flow velocity distribution are variable according to any one or more of the flow velocity, the inflow angle, and the peripheral speed ratio. 10. The vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydroelectric power generation system according to any one of 9 above.   6. The inflow area of wind or water flowing into the vertical blade is made larger than the projected area of the vertical blade in the wind or water flow direction by the flow velocity distribution adding device. And the vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydroelectric power generation system in any one of Claims 1-10.   12. The vertical type according to claim 11, wherein the inflow area for allowing wind or water to flow into the vertical blade is variable according to the flow rate of wind or water or the flow rate of water by the flow velocity distribution adding device. Wind power generation system or vertical hydropower generation system.   In the vertical blade having the plurality of straight blades arranged on double or triple concentric circles, the straight blades may be arranged on all or a specific concentric circle, depending on the rotation angle of the vertical blade. The vertical wind power generation system or the vertical hydropower generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the relative angle is controlled to an angle at which rotational torque is reduced.   A relative angle adjustment mode, and adjusts the relative angle of the straight blade according to the flow velocity, the rotation speed or the peripheral speed ratio, and the blade rotation angle, so that the power generation efficiency is maximized. The vertical wind power generation system or the vertical hydropower generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a predetermined fixed angle or the rotation angle table is created.   Using the flow velocity detection means of wind or water and the rotation speed detection means of the vertical blade, in the relative angle adjustment mode, the straight blades are adjusted relative to each other, and the flow velocity and the rotation are adjusted. 15. The vertical type according to claim 14, wherein a relationship between the number or the peripheral speed ratio, the power generation efficiency, or the output characteristic is acquired, and each of the straight blades is automatically adjusted to the relative angle at which the maximum output is obtained. Wind power generation system or vertical hydropower generation system.   It has an output inspection mode and periodically compares the stored output characteristics such as power generation efficiency or power generation amount to grasp the power generation state, and if the change amount of the preset output characteristics is exceeded, the relative 16. The vertical wind power generation system or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 14, wherein maintenance of the relative angle is periodically performed by performing an angle adjustment mode.   The vertical wind power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the frame includes a flow velocity acceleration mechanism that increases the flow velocity of the wind or water flowing into the vertical blade. Vertical hydroelectric power generation system.   18. The vertical wind power generation system or the vertical hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 17, wherein the flow velocity acceleration mechanism narrows a flow path width through which wind or water passes.   Two vertical blades are mounted in each independent space of the frame, and the direction of the leading edge and the trailing edge of the straight blades constituting the vertical blade so that the respective rotating directions are reversed. The vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydropower generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the relative angle is set.   The generated force in the X direction and the generated force in the Y direction in the XY plane in the horizontal plane generated by the lift force and drag force generated by the rotation of the vertical blade are canceled and minimized so as to be minimized. The vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydropower generation system according to claim 19, wherein the straight blades are arranged.   When the flow velocity or flow rate of wind or water flowing into the vertical blade is larger than necessary, the relative angle is controlled to reduce power generation efficiency, or the flow velocity distribution adding device flows into the vertical blade. The vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydropower generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the flow velocity or the flow rate is reduced. Relative flow velocity, which is a combination of the flow velocity of wind or water, and the flow velocity toward the circumferential speed, which is the rotational speed of the vertical blade, and the chord that forms the line segment connecting the leading edge and trailing edge of the straight blade The angle of attack is an angle between the chord and the arm, or the chord for the purpose of changing the relative angle in order to make the angle of attack such that the rotational force in the tangential direction increases. And the angle between the tangent direction at the holding position of the straight blade and the relative angle of the straight blade can be independently rotated in the plane of rotation of the vertical blade,
Rotation angle control device for controlling the relative angle, blade rotation angle of the vertical blade or individual straight blades from a reference angle in a plane coordinate system based on the rotation center of the vertical blade, and the flow velocity are detected. A flow rate detection means for detecting the rotation speed of the vertical blade, and a rotation angle table of the relative angle calculated from the flow speed, the rotation speed or the peripheral speed ratio, and the blade rotation angle. ,
Using the rotation angle control device for the straight blade based on the rotation angle table, in the plurality of straight blades arranged concentrically on at least two circumferences of the inner circumferential side and the outer circumferential side, Control in the vertical wind power generation system or the vertical hydropower generation system is characterized in that the relative angle of the straight blades is controlled according to the blade rotation angle of all the straight blades or only the straight blades on a specific concentric circle. Method. The rotation angle control device in the vertical wind power generation system or vertical hydropower generation system according to claim 3.

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