JP2017104023A - Hydroponic members and hydroponic methods - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide hydroponic members and hydroponic methods capable of cultivating leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables and the like with stable quality and also capable of increasing yield.SOLUTION: A hydroponic member 1 has a cultivating bed vessel 2, a planting panel plate 3, a convex member 4, a waterproof and a hydrophilic sheet 6. A seedling root pot 7 is placed on the convex member 4 through a planting hole 3a of the planting panel plate 3, and a culture liquid is allowed to flow on a bottom surface 2b of the cultivating bed 2 to grow the plant. Air (oxygen) is supplied to the roots from a ventilation space 8 between a drain groove 2e and the convex member 4.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant for hydroponics of a plant and a method for hydroponics of a plant using the same, and more particularly, a hydroponic component that provides a good supply of oxygen to the roots even in the cultivation of plants with dense roots. And a hydroponics method.

  Conventional cultivation of leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables is centered on outdoor cultivation and house cultivation. However, these cultivation methods can not produce stable vegetables due to unseasonable weather or continuous cropping problems, the cultivation place is limited by the weather and agricultural water conditions, the fertilizer outflow has a burden on the natural environment, etc. Have problems.

  Therefore, in recent years, attempts have been made to cultivate leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables by hydroponics using a nutrient solution or the like. Hydroponics has the merit that it is possible to produce stable vegetables regardless of the weather, the cultivation place is not limited, and cultivation with less fertilizer outflow is possible. For example, Patent Literature 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-136311) discloses a hydroponics technique using a nutrient solution, and supplies the nutrient solution so as to wet a water retaining sheet laid on the bottom of the cultivation bed. A cultivation method capable of growing a stable crop by performing is disclosed.

  In the hydroponics method, it is important to appropriately supply the nutrient solution and oxygen to the roots, but the root growth space becomes dense due to the growth of the roots of the plant, and oxygen is sufficiently supplied. It may disappear. As a method for improving these, for example, Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-50754) discloses a method that allows adjustment between the hydroponics bed body and the lid according to the growth of the roots. Yes.

  However, in the method of Patent Document 2, it is necessary to frequently adjust the height of the lid in accordance with the growth of the root, and not only specialized knowledge on the growth of the root of the plant to be cultivated is necessary, but also the height adjustment. There is a problem that it takes time and effort. In addition, in the case of a plant such as cucumber that has a mat-like shape due to its roots growing and dense, there is a problem that the growth of the plant becomes slow. This is because the place where root growth is active (hereinafter also referred to as “root group development layer”) is mainly where the nutrient solution is supplied, that is, the lower area of the root in the form of a mat. Therefore, it is surmised that in the method of Patent Document 2, oxygen is not sufficiently supplied to the mat-like lower region (root group development layer).

JP 2006-136411 A JP 2000-50754 A

  As described above, in hydroponics using nutrient solution, it is important to supply oxygen appropriately to the root group development layer, but root growth is vigorous like cucumbers, and the root is the cultivation bed. When cultivating a plant that becomes dense and mat-like in the tank, it is difficult to supply an appropriate amount of oxygen to the root group development layer region. In particular, cultivation of fruit vegetables and the like has a long cultivation period and the roots are extremely dense, so it is difficult to supply an appropriate amount of oxygen.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a nutrient solution cultivation member and a nutrient solution cultivation method capable of cultivating leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables and the like with stable quality and capable of increasing the yield. .

  As a result of intensive studies in view of the above problems, the present inventors have developed roots that are densely formed into a mat shape (hereinafter also referred to as “root groups”), and are lower layers in contact with the nutrient solution in the root groups. The roots develop significantly so that the whole root group is pushed up, and oxygen is effectively supplied to the root group where the root growth is remarkable. The present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved, and have completed the present invention.

  The member for hydroponics of the present invention comprises a cultivation bed tank having a gradient on the bottom surface, and a fixed planting panel plate provided on the cultivation bed tank and having a plurality of planting holes drilled therein, In the nutrient solution cultivation member in which the drainage groove is provided on the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank, a hydrophilic sheet is disposed so as to cover the drainage groove, and a ventilation space is provided between the hydrophilic sheet and the bottom surface of the drainage groove. Is formed.

  The hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is characterized in that a seedling pot is arranged through the planting hole of the hydroponic cultivation member of the present invention, and a plant is grown by flowing a culture solution to the bottom of the cultivation bed tank. Is.

  In one aspect of the present invention, a convex member for seedling pot placement is disposed on the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank below the planting hole, and the hydrophilic sheet overlaps the upper surface of the convex member. ing. This convex member may be integral with the cultivation bed tank or may be a separate body.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the convex member is disposed across the drainage groove, and the lower side of the convex member is the ventilation space.

  In 1 aspect of this invention, the communication part which can pass water and gas exists in the contact part of the bottom face of the said cultivation bed tank, and the said convex-shaped member.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, an opening is provided in the convex member.

  In one aspect of the present invention, a waterproof sheet is provided on the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank, and the hydrophilic sheet is disposed on the upper side of the waterproof sheet.

  The member for hydroponics of the present invention has a planting panel plate having a number of planting holes formed on a cultivation bed tank having a gradient on the bottom surface, and has a drainage groove on the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank. In addition, a hydrophilic sheet is disposed on the upper surface of the drainage groove, and a ventilation space is provided between the hydrophilic sheet and the bottom surface of the drainage groove. Through this ventilation space, a dense root group development layer is formed. However, the nutrient solution and oxygen can be supplied efficiently. Therefore, by using the member for hydroponics of the present invention, it is possible to sufficiently cultivate even a plant that grows quickly and easily becomes a root group.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to cultivate leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables and the like having stable quality, and to provide a hydroponic cultivation member and a hydroponic cultivation method capable of increasing the yield. .

  In addition, it is preferable that the member for hydroponics of this invention equips the bottom face of a cultivation bed tank with a waterproof sheet. By providing the waterproof sheet on the bottom of the cultivation bed tank, it is possible to prevent the nutrient solution from leaking from the cultivation bed tank. Moreover, even when cultivating by connecting a plurality of cultivation bed tanks, it is possible to prevent the nutrient solution from leaking from the connection portion.

It is a section perspective view of the member for hydroponics concerning an embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the member for nutrient solution cultivation concerning embodiment. It is a perspective view of a cultivation bed. It is a perspective view of a convex member. It is a top view of the cultivation system concerning an embodiment.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing a hydroponic cultivation member according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view thereof. FIG. 2 also shows roots that are concentrated from the seedling root pot. 3 and 4 are perspective views of the cultivation bed and the convex member.

  This member 1 for hydroponics has a cultivation bed 2 and a fixed plant panel board 3, a convex member 4, a waterproof sheet 5, and a hydrophilic sheet 6 made of foamed plastic such as polystyrene foam.

  As clearly shown in FIG. 3, the cultivation bed tank 2 has a long box shape extending in one direction with the upper surface open, and has an upward U-shaped cross-sectional shape having a pair of long side walls 2 a and 2 a and a bottom plate portion 2 b. have.

  The crossing edge of the long side walls 2a, 2a between the upper end surface and the inner surface is a notch-shaped step 2d, and the side edge of the planting panel 3 is engaged with the step 2d.

  A drainage groove 2e extends in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed tank 2 on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2b (the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank 2).

  In addition, the cultivation bed tank 2 of this embodiment is set as the form which does not provide the gradient in the upper surface (bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank 2) of the baseplate part 2b, and provides the cultivation bed tank 2 main body with the gradient. However, it is good also as a form which gives the inclination to the upper surface (bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank 2) of the baseplate part 2b, and installs the cultivation bed tank 2 horizontally.

In this embodiment, only one drainage groove 2e is provided at the center in the width direction of the bottom plate portion 2b. However, the number of drainage grooves 2e may be two or more, depending on the required supply amount of nutrient solution and oxygen. Can be set. Preferably one to 100~700mm in the width _{W 2} direction of Cultivation bet tank 2, more preferably from one to 200～600Mm, more preferably from one to 300 to 500 mm.

The depth H ₃ of the culvert. 2e, it can be appropriately set by the slope of the amount and cultivation bed vessel nutrient solution supplied, sufficient to supply the oxygen in depth and moisture flowing nutrient solution L It is only necessary to secure a sufficient space. Considering the cost of productivity and member, the depth _{H 3} of the drainage grooves 2e is preferably 10 to 50 mm, more preferably 15 to 40 mm, 15 to 35 mm is more preferable.

The width W ₁ of the drainage grooves 2e, which can be appropriately set by the slope of the amount and cultivation bed vessel nutrient solution supplied, sufficient to supply the oxygen in depth and moisture flowing nutrient solution L The width may be a width that secures the space. Considering the cost of productivity and member, the width _{W 1} of the drainage grooves 2e is preferably 30 to 200 mm, more preferably 40～180Mm, 50 to 150 mm is more preferable.

  Although the length of the cultivation bed tank 2 and the fixed planting panel board 3 shall be about 1000-3000 mm, for example, it is not limited to this.

  The planting panel 3 is provided with a plurality of planting holes 3a at intervals in the longitudinal direction. The planting hole 3 a is located above the convex member 4. In the illustrated embodiment, only one drainage groove 2e is provided and the rows of planting holes 3a are also one row. However, a plurality of drainage grooves 2e may be provided, and a plurality of rows of planting holes 3a may be provided. Furthermore, the positions of the drainage groove 2e and the planting hole 3a are not necessarily on the same line.

  The waterproof sheet 5 is provided so as to cover the upper end surface and inner side surface of the long side walls 2a, 2a of the cultivation bed 2, the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2b, the bottom surface and both side surfaces of the drainage groove 2e.

  A convex member 4 is provided so as to straddle the drainage groove 2e. In this embodiment, the convex member 4 has a substantially semi-cylindrical body portion 4c, and flange portions 4a project outwardly from both sides in the longitudinal direction of the body portion 4c. In the main body 4c, a plurality of openings 4b are provided in the vicinity of the flange 4a at intervals in the longitudinal direction.

  The main body 4c is not limited to a semi-cylindrical shape, and may have a cross-sectional shape such as a semi-elliptical shape or a downward U-shape. The shape of the opening 4b is not particularly limited as long as it allows the nutrient solution and air to pass therethrough, and may be, for example, a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or a slit shape.

  Moreover, the position of the opening 4b is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the opening 4b is installed between a height of 5 to 50 mm, particularly 5 to 40 mm, particularly 5 to 30 mm from the flange portion 4a.

  After the waterproof sheet 5 is laid, the convex member 4 is disposed so that the main body portion 4c straddles the drainage groove 2e and the flange portions 4a, 4a extend along the edge of the drainage groove 2e. A communication portion 4d through which liquid and air pass is formed between the flange portion 4a and the waterproof sheet 5 below the flange portion 4a due to the bending of the convex member 4 or the wrinkles of the waterproof sheet 5. In order to increase the height of the communication portion 4d, a spacer may be arranged, or a protrusion may be provided on the lower surface of the flange portion 4a. A space surrounded by the convex member 4 and the drainage groove 2e is a ventilation space 8.

The height of the convex member 4 is not particularly limited, and can be set as appropriate depending on the height of the space S between the cultivation bed tank 2 and the planting panel board 3 and the plant to be cultivated. The height H ₁ from the top of the member 4 to the lower surface of the planting panel 3 is preferably 20 to 100 mm, particularly preferably 20 to 80 mm.

The height H ₂ of between the bottom plate portion 2b and the planting panel plate 3 Cultivation bet tank 2, type of the plant to be cultivated, can be appropriately set by the duration of cultivation, the cost of the productivity and material In view of the above, it is preferable that the thickness is about 50 mm to 150 mm.

  A hydrophilic sheet 6 is provided so as to cover the upper end surface and inner side surface of the long side wall 2 a of the cultivation bed 2, the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 2 b other than the drainage groove 2 e, and the upper surface of the convex member 4. The hydrophilic sheet 6 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that allows air to permeate and pump up the liquid by capillary action and does not allow the root to pass therethrough. For example, a nonwoven fabric, paper, cloth, etc. are mentioned. As this hydrophilic sheet, a commercially available “root cutting sheet” or the like can be used.

  A plurality of nutrient solution cultivation members 1 configured as described above are abutted to form a cultivation bed tank row 10 (FIG. 5) having a length of 10 to 100 m. The waterproof sheet 5 is continuously laid across the cultivation bed tanks 2. Thereby, the water leak from the butt | matching surface of cultivation bed tanks 2 is prevented.

  The seedling pot 7 is placed on the convex member 4 through the planting hole 3a of the fixed planting panel 3 placed on each cultivation bed tank 2, and the plant is grown by flowing the culture solution on the bottom surface 2b of the cultivation bed tank 2. . Thereby, the root 7r (FIG. 2) extends from the seedling pot 7 to the growth space S surrounded by the long side edges 2a, 2a, the bottom plate portion 2b, and the fixed planting panel 3.

  By using the convex member 4, the growth space S between the cultivation bed tank 2 and the planting panel board 3 can be made moderate, and the seedling pot 7 is not washed by the flow of the nutrient solution. Therefore, the culture medium of the seedling root pot 7 is prevented from collapsing or flowing out of the culture medium.

  By arranging the convex member 4, the drainage groove 2 e and the hydrophilic sheet 6, the flow of the nutrient solution flowing through the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank 2 is hindered by the growth of the root of the plant to be cultivated or the nutrient solution is retained. Can be suppressed. That is, the retention of the nutrient solution can be suppressed by flowing the retained nutrient solution into the drainage groove 2e, the root of the plant to be cultivated is submerged in the nutrient solution, and oxygen deficiency is suppressed, and An appropriate amount of nutrient solution can be supplied to the roots of the plant.

  Further, the root group development of the roots in which the oxygen (air) in the drainage groove 2e and the ventilation space 8 is grown in the root growth space S through the communication portion 4d, the opening 4b, and the hydrophilic sheet 6 from the ventilation space 8 and is concentrated. It becomes possible to supply the layer efficiently.

  According to the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to generate roots having two different forms and functions: an aquatic root grown in water and a wet root maintained in moisture and having a number of root hairs. Underwater roots mainly absorb fertilizer and water in the nutrient solution, and wet roots mainly absorb oxygen directly from the moisture.

  The root group of the plant grown by the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is a root group having three regions: a region occupied by a lot of underwater roots, a region occupied by a lot of roots in moisture, and a region where a mixture of roots in water and moisture is mixed. It can be. Furthermore, by supplying oxygen efficiently to the area where aquatic roots and wet roots coexist and to the area occupied by a lot of underwater roots, it is possible to suppress the shortage of dissolved oxygen even when the roots are densely grown. The amount can be increased.

  The member for hydroponics of the present invention is particularly suitable for thin-film hydroponics (hereinafter also referred to as “NFT”), which has a shallow water depth and can easily supply oxygen to the roots.

  Moreover, this invention is preferable for cultivation of the fruit vegetables which grow many roots, More preferably, it can be used for cultivation of a plant of a Cucurbitaceae, More preferably, it can be used suitably for cultivation of a cucumber.

  FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the hydroponic cultivation system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  In FIG. 5, a plurality of cultivation bed tanks 1 are connected in series in the house to form a cultivation bed tank row 10, and a plurality of cultivation bed tank rows 10 (four rows in the drawing) are arranged to form a cultivation bed tank group. 20 and a plurality of cultivation bed tank groups 20 are installed in parallel. In addition, in one cultivation bed tank row 10, a plurality of cultivation bed tanks 1 are arranged in series, and a waterproof sheet 5 is laid across each cultivation bed tank 1. Thereby, the water leak from the butt | matching surface of cultivation bed tanks 1 is prevented. The number of cultivation bed tanks 1 constituting one cultivation bed tank row 10 is about 5 to 100, but is not limited thereto.

  Each cultivation bed tank row 10 is installed with a gradient of about 1/80 to 1/200 so as to have a running water gradient from one end to the other end in the longitudinal direction. One child tank 33 is attached to one cultivation bed tank group 20.

  This nutrient solution cultivation system has a parent tank 26 for storing the nutrient solution. Liquid fertilizer and water are supplied to the parent tank 26 from the pipes 24, 25 with the supply control valves 24a, 25a, and a nutrient solution having a predetermined concentration is prepared. A nutrient solution having a predetermined concentration prepared in the parent tank 26 is distributed and supplied to each child tank 33 via a pump 27, a pipe 28, a three-way valve 29, a flow meter 30 and a ball tap 31. A water supply pipe 32 is connected to the three-way valve 29, and water from the pipe 32 can be supplied to the child tank 33 by switching the three-way valve 29.

  The liquid in the child tank 33 is supplied to each cultivation bed tank row 10 via the pump 34, the pipe 35 and the valve 36.

  By supplying and storing the nutrient solution prepared in the parent tank 26 to the child tank 33, the nutrient solution having a uniform concentration prepared in the parent tank 26 can be always supplied to each cultivation bed tank row 10. it can.

  In FIG. 5, the nutrient solution used in one cultivation bed tank group 20 is returned to the child tank 33 of the cultivation bed tank group 20 via the pipe 37 to circulate the nutrient solution. In the child tank 33, the nutrient solution or water from the pipe 32 is additionally supplied from the parent tank 26 by the ball tap 31, and the liquid level of the nutrient solution in the child tank 33 is kept constant.

  As shown in FIG. 5, by providing the child tank 33 for each cultivation bed tank group 20, it is possible to manage the nutrient solution cultivated in the child tank 33 in a relatively small amount. When the harvesting is completed, it is preferable that the nutrient solution used in one cultivation bed tank group 20 is discarded and cultivation is started with a new nutrient solution.

  As a result, the vegetables that are cultivated in the next period without being affected by secretions from the roots (organic acids, etc.) or detachment of the epidermis cells of the roots that flowed into the nutrient solution by the cultivation of the first crop, Stable cultivation becomes possible.

  In FIG. 5, each cultivation bed tank group 20 includes cleaning (cleaning after harvesting is finished) in other cultivation bed tank groups 20 while continuing cultivation in some cultivation bed tank groups 20. For each, the process can proceed separately.

  Moreover, also when a pathogenic microbe generate | occur | produces in one cultivation bed tank group 20, the infection of the pathogenic bacteria to the other cultivation bed tank group 20 can be suppressed. That is, since the nutrient solution is not returned to the parent tank 26, the contamination stops only in the closed circuit (cultivation bed tank group 20) that circulates the nutrient solution.

  The fertilizer concentration of the nutrient solution circulating through the child tank 33 and the cultivation bed tank row 10 by switching from the nutrient solution supply to the water supply in the later stage of cultivation of leaf vegetables and fruit vegetables grown in each cultivation bed tank group 20 Can be reduced. As a result, in the latter stage of cultivation, it becomes possible to gradually reduce the amount of nitric acid in the plant body, and leaf vegetables and fruit vegetables can be harvested while the amount of nitric acid is reduced.

  When nitric acid in a plant body is taken into the human body, it combines with amide nitrogen to produce nitrosamine. By lowering the fertilizer concentration of the nutrient solution in the later stage of cultivation, the nitric acid concentration in the plant body can be reduced. In addition, by reducing the concentration of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash in the nutrient solution used in the later stages of cultivation, the burden on the environment can be greatly reduced even when the nutrient solution is discarded after harvesting is completed. Can do.

[Example 1]
The cultivation bed tank group 20 was constituted by arranging five cultivation bed tanks 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 in series to form a cultivation bed tank row 10 having a length of 10 m, and arranging these four rows in parallel. One group of this cultivation bed tank group 20 was installed, and the cultivation system shown in FIG. 5 was comprised. Using this system, cucumbers were cultivated under the following conditions. As the nutrient solution, a nutrient solution concentration of EC 2.0 dS / m and a nutrient solution temperature of 20 ° C. were used. The results of the harvest are shown in Table 1.

・ Cultivation area: 60m ²
・ Number of shares: 80 (0.75 m ² / share)
・ Size of cultivation bed tank H ₁ : 50mm
H ₂ : 100 mm
H ₃ : 20 mm
W ₁ : 100 mm
W ₂ : 400 mm
・ Gradient of cultivation bed tank: 1/100
-Feeding amount of nutrient solution: 10 liters / min

  From the results shown in Table 1, by cultivating cucumber using the hydroponic cultivation member of the present invention, it was possible to harvest about 45 t as an equivalent yield per 10a per year. Compared with the average yield of 20 to 25 t / 10a by soil cultivation of cucumber, the cultivation using the member for hydroponics of the present invention was able to obtain a large amount of harvest.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Member for hydroponics 2 Cultivation bed 2b Bottom surface 2e Drainage groove 3 Fixed planting panel board 3a Planting hole 4 Convex member 4b Opening 4d Communication part 5 Waterproof sheet 6 Hydrophilic sheet 7 Seedling pot 8 Ventilation space 10 Cultivation bed tank row 20 Cultivation bed tank group 26 Parent tank 29 Three-way valve 30 Flow meter 31 Ball tap

Claims (8)

A cultivation bed tank with a gradient on the bottom,
A fixed planting panel with a plurality of planting holes disposed on the cultivation bed tank;
In the member for hydroponics where a drainage groove is provided on the bottom of the cultivation bed tank,
A hydrophilic sheet is disposed so as to cover the drainage groove,
A member for hydroponics, wherein a ventilation space is formed between the hydrophilic sheet and the bottom surface of the drainage groove.   A convex member for seedling root pot placement is disposed on the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank below the planting hole, and the hydrophilic sheet overlaps the upper surface of the convex member. The member for hydroponics according to claim 1. The convex member is disposed across the drainage groove,
The member for hydroponics according to claim 2, wherein the lower side of the convex member is the ventilation space.   The member for hydroponics according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a communicating portion capable of passing water and gas is present at a contact portion between the bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank and the convex member.   The member for hydroponics according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein an opening is provided in the convex member.   The hydroponic culture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a waterproof sheet is provided on a bottom surface of the cultivation bed tank, and the hydrophilic sheet is disposed on an upper side of the waterproof sheet. Materials.   It arrange | positions a seedling root pot through the said planting hole of the member for nutrient solution cultivation of any one of Claims 1-6, and flows a culture solution to the bottom face of the said cultivation bed tank, It is characterized by growing a plant, Hydroponics method to do.   The hydroponics method, wherein the plant is a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae.

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