JP2017085538A - Glass antenna for vehicle and rear window glass with glass antenna for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a glass antenna for a vehicle capable of receiving two kinds of frequency bands at a broadband radio wave which can be used in common in the world.SOLUTION: A glass antenna 1 for a vehicle is provided in the vicinity of an upper edge portion 61u of a vehicle window glass 60 (rear glass) and receives two kinds of frequency bands. The glass antenna 1 for a vehicle comprises a feeding section 5, a first antenna conductor 10, and a second antenna conductor 20. In the glass antenna 1 for a vehicle, the first antenna conductor 10 comprises a longitudinal feeding connection element 11, a first transverse element 12, and a second transverse element 13. The second antenna conductor 20 comprises a feeding connection transverse element 21, a connecting longitudinal element 22, a third transverse element 23, a fourth transverse element 24, an upper longitudinal element 25, and an upper transverse element 26. The first transverse element 12 and the third transverse element 23 are close to each other to constitute a first capacitive coupling part. The second transverse element 13 and the fourth transverse element 24 are close to each other to form a second capacitive coupling portion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle glass antenna provided on a vehicle window glass and a rear window glass including the vehicle glass antenna.

  Since vehicle glass antennas mounted on vehicles have different conditions depending on the country (frequency band, polarization, coexistence media, etc.), the antenna performance is adjusted according to each region. In order to receive both FM radio and AM radio, a glass antenna as shown in FIG. 1 has been proposed (Patent Document 1).

Patent No. 5,024,026

  In the above Patent Document 1, the defogger is provided on the rear window glass 60, and both the frequency band corresponding to AM and the frequency band corresponding to FM are received in the blank area of the rear window glass above the defogger 40. Possible glass antennas have been proposed. In this example, the antenna element 51a and the antenna element 52a are capacitively coupled, and the antenna element 51b and the antenna element 52b are capacitively coupled.

  In the above configuration, for example, the design for adjusting the antenna length was specially made for each country or region such as for Japan and Europe, so there is a risk that design man-hours and part number management man-hours will inevitably increase. there were.

  In order to reduce these man-hours, it is necessary to share the antenna pattern that is the configuration of the glass antenna used in each country.

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a glass antenna for a vehicle that can be used with a wide-band radio wave that can be used in the world.

  In order to solve the above problems, a glass antenna for a vehicle according to one aspect of the present invention is provided in the vicinity of an upper edge portion of a window glass for a vehicle, receives two types of frequency bands, a feeding portion, and a first antenna conductor And a second antenna conductor. One end of the first antenna conductor is connected to the power supply unit and extends upward from the power supply unit; one end is connected to the power supply unit or the power supply connection vertical element, and the power supply A first lateral element extending substantially horizontally in a direction away from the section; and located above the first lateral element, one end of which is connected to the feed connection longitudinal element, and the first lateral element A second transverse element extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the element. One end of the second antenna conductor is connected to the feeding portion or the longitudinal element for feeding connection, and extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the first lateral element; A connecting vertical element connected to the other end of the power supply connecting horizontal element and extending upward; one end connected to the connecting vertical element and extending substantially horizontally toward the power feeding portion A third lateral element; a fourth lateral element located above the third lateral element, one end connected to the connecting longitudinal element and extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the third transverse element, A horizontal element; one end connected to the other end of the connecting vertical element or the fourth horizontal element and extending upward; an upper vertical element; and one end connected to the upper vertical element; Extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the transverse element, the upper horizontal element; and a. The first lateral element and the third lateral element are capacitively coupled in proximity to each other to form a first capacitive coupling portion, and the second lateral element, the fourth lateral element, Are capacitively coupled to each other to form a second capacitive coupling portion, and the upper lateral element is located above the second capacitive coupling portion.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, a glass antenna for a vehicle can receive a broadband radio wave that can be used in common throughout the world.

The whole top view of the rear glass in which the conventional glass antenna was installed. The whole top view of the rear glass in which the glass antenna which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention was installed. The top view of the glass antenna which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the glass antenna which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the glass antenna which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the glass antenna which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the glass antenna which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the glass antenna which concerns on 6th Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the glass antenna which concerns on 7th Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the glass antenna which concerns on 8th Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the glass antenna which concerns on 9th Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the glass antenna which concerns on 10th Embodiment of this invention. The graph which shows the average antenna gain of the horizontal polarization in all the frequency bands of 76 MHz-108 MHz when the length of an upper element is changed to the direction shown in FIG. 10 by the structure of FIG. 3 which has an upper element. FIG. 11 is a graph showing an average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in all frequency bands of 76 MHz to 108 MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the direction shown in FIG. 10 in the configuration of FIG. 3 having the upper element. The graph which shows the average antenna gain of the horizontal polarization in all the frequency bands of 76 MHz-108 MHz when the length of an upper element is changed to the direction shown in FIG. 11 by the structure of FIG. 3 which has an upper element. The graph which shows the average antenna gain of the vertically polarized wave in all the frequency bands of 76 MHz-108 MHz when the length of an upper element is changed in the direction shown in FIG. 11 by the structure of FIG. 3 which has an upper element. The graph which shows the average antenna gain of the horizontal polarization in all the frequency bands of 76 MHz-108 MHz when the length of an upper element is changed by the structure of FIG. 12 from which the origin of an upper element differs. The graph which shows the average antenna gain of the vertically polarized wave in all the frequency bands of 76 MHz-108 MHz when the length of an upper element is changed by the structure of FIG. 12 from which the origin of an upper element differs. The graph which shows the average antenna gain of the horizontal polarization in all the frequency bands of 76 MHz-108 MHz when changing the length of a lower element with the structure of FIG. The graph which shows the average antenna gain of the vertically polarized wave in the whole frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz when changing the length of a lower element with the structure of FIG. The graph which shows the average antenna gain of a horizontal polarization in the whole frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz when the length of an upper element is changed by the structure of FIG. 5 which has an upper element and a lower element. The graph which shows the average antenna gain of a vertically polarized wave in the whole frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz when the length of an upper element is changed by the structure of FIG. 5 which has an upper element and a lower element. The graph which shows the antenna gain of the horizontally polarized wave in each frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz comparing the structure which has an upper element shown in FIG. 3, and a comparative example. The graph which shows the antenna gain of the vertically polarized wave in each frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz comparing the structure which has an upper element shown in FIG. 3, and a comparative example. The graph which shows the antenna gain of the horizontally polarized wave in each frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz comparing the structure which has a lower element shown in FIG. 4, and a comparative example. The graph which shows the antenna gain of the vertically polarized wave in each frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz comparing the structure which has a lower element shown in FIG. 4, and a comparative example. The graph which shows the antenna gain of the horizontal polarization in each frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz comparing the structure which has the upper element and lower element shown in FIG. 5, and the structure which has the lower element shown in FIG. The graph which shows the antenna gain of the vertically polarized wave in each frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz comparing the structure which has an upper element and a lower element shown in FIG. 5, and the structure which has a lower element shown in FIG. The graph which shows the antenna gain of the horizontal polarization in each frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz compared with the structure which has the lower element and loop formation element shown in FIG. 7, and the structure which has the lower element shown in FIG. The graph which shows the antenna gain of the vertically polarized wave in each frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz comparing the structure which has the lower element and loop formation element shown in FIG. 7, and the structure which has the lower element shown in FIG. The graph which shows the antenna gain of the horizontally polarized wave in each frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz comparing the structure which has an upper element shown in FIG. 8, a lower element, and a loop formation element with a comparative example. The graph which shows the antenna gain of the vertically polarized wave in each frequency band of 76 MHz-108 MHz comparing the structure which has an upper element shown in FIG. 8, a lower element, and a loop formation element with a comparative example.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that in the drawings for describing the modes, the directions on the drawings are used unless the directions are particularly described. In addition, these drawings are views when the surfaces of the window glass are viewed to face each other, and are views of the interior of the vehicle (or the exterior of the vehicle) with the window glass attached to the vehicle. The left / right direction (lateral direction) in FIG. 1 corresponds to the horizontal direction, and the up / down direction corresponds to the vertical direction. However, it may be referred to as a vehicle external view.

  For example, when the window glass is a rear glass attached to the rear portion of the vehicle, the left-right direction on the drawing corresponds to the vehicle width direction. The window glass according to the present invention is mainly a rear glass (rear window glass) attached to the rear part of the vehicle. Further, the directions such as parallel and right angles allow a deviation that does not impair the effects of the present invention.

  Moreover, in this invention, a window glass is an example which covers the opening part of a vehicle body. The window glass is a plate-like member, and the material is not limited to glass, and may be a resin, a film, or the like. The rear window glass 60 (also referred to as a vehicle window glass or a rear glass) is attached to a housing opening (also referred to as an opening) formed by a flange of the vehicle housing.

  Note that the vehicle body opening edge of the window is a peripheral edge of the opening of the vehicle body into which the window glass (plate) is fitted, and should be a vehicle body ground, and is made of a conductive material such as metal, for example.

<Overall window structure>
FIG. 2 is an overall plan view of a rear window glass including a glass antenna (also referred to as a vehicle glass antenna or a vehicle antenna) 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  The rear window glass (rear glass) 60 is a window glass having an outer peripheral edge 61 attached to a flange (or a resin panel) formed on the outer body body. The vehicle body opening edge (flange) of the vehicle body is the periphery of the vehicle body opening into which the rear window glass is fitted, and serves as vehicle body grounding. The flange is made of a conductive material such as metal.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, reference numeral 61 indicates that the outer peripheral edge of the rear window glass 60 and the inner peripheral edge (opening edge) of the flange on the vehicle body side are provided at the same position. However, the flange on the vehicle body side and the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge of the rear window glass 60 may overlap.

  In FIG. 2, a glass antenna (an antenna incorporated in a window glass by printing, embedding, pasting, etc.) includes a power feeding portion and antenna conductors 10 and 20 provided as a planar conductor pattern on a rear window glass 60 for a vehicle. Consists of including.

  The rear window glass 60 to which the first to tenth embodiments are applied includes an electrically heated defogger 40 having a plurality of heater wires 42 and a plurality of bus bars 41 a and 41 b for supplying power to the heater wires 42. Is provided.

  Specifically, in the example of the defogger 40 shown in FIG. 2, at least one strip-shaped bus bars 41 a and 41 b are provided in the left region and the right region of the rear window glass 60 (on the left and right ends). Moreover, the bus bars 41a and 41b are extended in the longitudinal direction or substantially longitudinal direction of the rear window glass 60 (stretched or extended).

  As an example, the bus bar 41 a is connected to the vehicle body ground, and the bus bar 41 b is connected to the anode of the DC power supply 30 via the switch 31.

  The plurality of heater wires 42 extend in a horizontal direction or a substantially horizontal direction, broadly in a horizontal direction or a substantially horizontal direction. As an example, in a general automobile, it is preferable that the width (Dw) of the defogger 40, that is, between the bus bars 41a and 41b, is 900 mm to 1200 mm from the viewpoint of securing a visual field.

  In the present invention, the shape of the defogger is not limited. That is, the bus bar is not limited to two. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the number of bus bars may be two or three or more. The bus bar may not extend in the vertical direction or the substantially vertical direction of the rear window glass 60, and may extend in the horizontal direction or the substantially horizontal direction, for example.

  Here, portions other than the bus bars 41 a and 41 of the plurality of heater wires 42 may be short-circuited by the short-circuit wires 43 and 44. Specifically, in the example shown in FIG. 2, two short-circuit lines of the first short-circuit line 43 and the second short-circuit line 44 are provided as the short-circuit lines, respectively, in the vertical direction or the substantially vertical direction of the rear window glass 60. It is extended.

  The first short-circuit line 43 is arranged on the left side with the left and right center of the rear window glass 60 as a boundary, and the second short-circuit line 44 is arranged on the right side with the right and left center of the rear window glass 60 as a boundary. Furthermore, the 1st short circuit line 43 and the 2nd short circuit line 44 are each provided in the area | region of 40 mm-300 mm on either side from this left-right center.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the glass antenna of the present invention is provided in the blank area of the rear window glass 60 above the defogger 40 and around the upper edge of the rear window glass 60. Here, in order to improve the antenna gain in the frequency bands H and L, the shortest distance between the defogger 40 and the glass antenna 1, that is, the distance between the heater wire 42u at the top and the lateral element 21 for power supply connection described later. However, it is preferable that it is 20-100 mm.

  The glass antenna of the present invention satisfactorily receives two frequency bands, frequency band L and frequency band H higher than frequency band L. Examples of the frequency band L (low frequency band) include an AM broadcast band (530 kHz to 1605 kHz), and examples of the frequency band H (high frequency band) include a Japanese FM broadcast band (76 MHz to 95 MHz) and Europe. FM radio of 88 MHz to 108 MHz. In the present invention, the frequency band H is a broadband FM broadcast band (76 MHz to 108 MHz) corresponding to both Japanese FM broadcast band (76 MHz to 95 MHz) and European FM radio 88 MHz to 108 MHz.

  In the first embodiment to the sixth embodiment and the eighth embodiment to the tenth embodiment of the present invention, there is one power feeding unit (feeding point) 5 that shares power feeding between the frequency band L and the frequency band H. . In the seventh embodiment, the first power feeding unit 6 for the frequency band H and the second power feeding unit 7 for the frequency band H and the frequency band L are provided.

  In the following description, the antenna element is simply referred to as an element in order to simplify the sentence. Moreover, the glass antenna for vehicles is simply called a glass antenna.

<First Embodiment>
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the glass antenna 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

  The glass antenna 1 includes a first antenna conductor 10, a second antenna conductor, and a power feeding unit 5. The power feeding unit 5 is connected to the first antenna conductor 10 and the second antenna conductor 20.

  The first antenna conductor 10 includes a feed connection vertical element 11, a first horizontal element 12, and a second horizontal element 13. The first antenna conductor 10 as a whole functions as an antenna conductor for the frequency band H, and the feed connecting vertical element 11, the first horizontal element 12, and the second horizontal element 13 function as H antenna elements. To do.

  The second antenna conductor 20 includes a feed connection transverse element 21, a connection longitudinal element 22, a third transverse element 23, a fourth transverse element 24, an upper longitudinal element 25, an upper transverse element 26, and an adjustment element 29. It has. The second antenna conductor 20 functions as both an L antenna conductor and an H antenna conductor.

  Specifically, the feed connection lateral element 21, the third lateral element 23, and the fourth lateral element 24 function as an L antenna element. The upper horizontal element 26 functions as an antenna element for H. The adjustment element 29 functions as an element for adjusting the H antenna element. The connecting vertical element 22 and the upper vertical element 25 function as elements for adjusting directivity.

  In the first antenna conductor 10, the feed connection vertical element 11 extends from the feed portion 5 in the vertical direction or substantially vertical direction, particularly in the vertical direction or substantially vertical direction.

  A first horizontal element 12 and a second horizontal element 13 are connected to the feed connection vertical element 11. In the present embodiment, one end of the second horizontal element 13 positioned above the first horizontal element 12 is connected to the terminal end of the feed connection vertical element 11. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and the upper end of the feed connection vertical element 11 may protrude from one end of the second horizontal element 13 in a substantially vertical direction.

  Both the first horizontal element 12 and the second horizontal element 13 connected to the vertical connection element 11 for power supply connection extend in a direction away from the power supply unit side. Note that the configuration is not limited to this, and in the horizontal direction, the end portions of the first lateral element 12 and the second lateral element 13 may protrude from the longitudinal element 11 for power supply connection.

  In the second antenna conductor 20, the feed connection lateral element 21 extends from the feed portion 5 in the lateral direction or substantially lateral direction, particularly in the horizontal direction or substantially horizontal direction. The feed connection lateral element 21 functions as an antenna element for L, but this configuration can also improve the antenna gain of the frequency band H.

  In the example shown in FIG. 2, when viewed from the inside of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle, one power feeding unit 5 is provided in the left region of the blank area of the rear window glass 60, and the power feeding connection lateral element 21 is provided in the power feeding unit 5. Are directly connected. However, the connection relationship is not limited to this, and as shown in the enlarged view (plan view) of FIG. 3, the feed connection lateral element 21 is connected to the feed connection longitudinal element 11 of the first antenna conductor 10. 19) may be connected to the power feeding unit 5 via In other words, the feed connection lateral element 21 may be electrically connected to the feed unit 5 directly or indirectly.

  A connecting vertical element 22 is connected to the terminal end (right side in FIG. 3) of the power supply connecting horizontal element 21. The connecting vertical element 22 is an element for adjusting directivity, and the directivity of the frequency band H is affected by the change of the position.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 3, the connection vertical element 22 is connected to the end portion (the other end) of the power supply connection horizontal element 21. However, the connection is not limited to this, and the connection vertical element 22 may be connected to any position of the power supply connection horizontal element 21.

  Similarly, an adjustment element 29 is connected to the end (lower end) of the connection vertical element 22. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the adjustment element 29 may be connected to any part of the connection vertical element 22.

  In the present embodiment, a third horizontal element 23, a fourth element 24, an upper vertical element 25, and an adjustment element 29 are connected to the connection vertical element 22.

  The third horizontal element 23, the fourth element 24, and the upper horizontal element 26 connected to the upper vertical element 25, which are connected to the connecting vertical element 22, are substantially in the horizontal direction and are both connected vertical elements. 22 extends in a direction approaching the power feeding unit 5.

  The first lateral element 12 of the first antenna conductor 10 and the third lateral element 23 of the second antenna conductor 20 are capacitively coupled close to each other. The second lateral element 13 of the first antenna conductor 10 and the fourth lateral element 24 of the second antenna conductor 20 are capacitively coupled close to each other.

  As described above, by providing two capacitive coupling units, the antenna gain when receiving the frequency band H is dramatically improved as compared with the case of providing one capacitive coupling unit.

  In the present embodiment, the second antenna conductor 20 is provided with the upper lateral element 26 above the fourth lateral element 24, so that in addition to the element forming capacitive coupling, A wire element will be provided. The upper lateral element 26 is used for improving the gain of the high frequency band H and extending the receivable band.

  In FIG. 2, the upper vertical element 25 is connected to the connecting vertical element 22 and extends integrally. Thus, in this configuration, the upper vertical element 25 is connected to the upper end of the connecting vertical element 22, but the configuration of the upper element is not limited to this.

  For example, the upper vertical element 25 and the connecting vertical element 22 may not be connected, and the upper vertical element 25 may be connected to any part of the fourth horizontal element 24 and extend upward. In this case, the upper horizontal element 26 connected to the upper vertical element 25 starts from a position different from the position of the connecting vertical element 22 in the horizontal direction, and starts from the fourth horizontal element 24 toward the power feeding unit 5. Extending in the same direction.

  In the first capacitive coupling section, the third lateral element 23 and the first lateral element 12 both extend in the horizontal direction or substantially horizontal direction, broadly in the lateral direction or substantially lateral direction, and the third lateral element 23 The element 23 and the first lateral element 12 are parallel or substantially parallel to each other. In the present embodiment, the first lateral element 12 is disposed above the third lateral element 23.

  Similarly, in the second capacitive coupling portion, the fourth lateral element 24 and the second lateral element 13 both extend in the horizontal direction or substantially horizontal direction, and are parallel or substantially parallel to each other. In the present embodiment, the fourth lateral element 24 is disposed above the second lateral element 13.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the upper lateral element 26 is further provided on the second capacitive coupling portion. Therefore, by arranging the capacitive coupling portions as described above, the linear elements are alternately arranged alternately from the feeding portion 5 side to the upper lateral element 26 side, and the antenna gain is improved.

  Here, the third lateral element 23, the first lateral element 12, the second lateral element 13, and the fourth lateral element 24, which form capacitive coupling, each have an open end at which no connection is made. It is.

  Here, the frequency band H is located on the lower side in order to correspond to all bands (76 MHz to 108 MHz) included in the FM broadcast band of Japan, the FM broadcast band of the US / Europe, and the Low band of the television VHF band. The length of one capacitive coupling portion is preferably 200 mm to 800 mm, particularly 300 mm to 732 mm. The length of the second capacitive coupling portion located on the upper side is preferably 230 mm to 430 mm, particularly 264 mm to 344 mm.

  Further, in the first capacitive coupling portion and the second capacitive coupling portion, it is preferable that the distance between the elements forming the capacitive coupling is 5 mm to 30 mm, particularly 10 mm to 20 mm.

  In the examples shown in FIGS. 2 to 7 and FIGS. 10 to 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first capacitive coupling portion and the second The capacitive coupling portion, the feeding connection lateral element 21 and the upper lateral element 26 are arranged.

  Therefore, the adjustment element 29 is arranged on the opposite side of the first capacitive coupling portion and the second capacitive coupling portion with the connection vertical element 22 for directivity adjustment as a boundary. As described above, the capacitive coupling and the adjustment element 29 are arranged apart from each other, so that the length of the two capacitive coupling portions, the length of the lateral element 21 for feeding connection, and the upper lateral element 26 are ensured to a necessary extent. be able to. By securing the length of the lateral elements 21, 23, 24, and 26 extending substantially horizontally, the antenna gain of the frequency band L can be secured, and the antenna gain of the frequency band H can be improved.

  Here, the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of the frequency band H is λ, the glass wavelength shortening rate is k, k = 0.64, and λg = λ · k.

  Specifically, the position of the connecting vertical element 22 is omnidirectional when receiving the frequency band H by being arranged within a range of 0.13 λg or less from the left and right center of the rear window glass 60. preferable. A more preferable range of this position is a range of 0.04 λg to 0.1 λg or less from the left and right center of the rear window glass 60.

  Here, in the second antenna conductor 20, the connecting vertical element 22 for adjusting directivity extends in the vertical direction or the substantially vertical direction of the rear window glass 60. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and at least 50% or more of the total conductor length (total length) of the connecting vertical element 22 and the upper vertical element 25 extends in the vertical direction or substantially vertical direction of the rear window glass 60. If so, it can be used as an antenna element for directivity adjustment.

  It is preferable that the conductor length of the portion extending in the vertical direction or the substantially vertical direction of the connecting vertical element 22 is (λg / 53) to 600 mm. When the conductor length of this portion is equal to or longer than (λg / 53), the antenna gain for the frequency band H is preferably improved as compared with the case where the length is less than (λg / 53).

  Specifically, in order to correspond to the frequency band H (76 MHz to 108 MHz) in the present invention, the total length of the connecting vertical element 22 and the upper vertical element 25 of the portion extending in the vertical or substantially vertical direction. The conductor length is preferably 40 mm to 600 mm. A more preferable range of the conductor length of this portion is 50 mm to 500 mm, and a particularly preferable range is 60 mm to 400 mm.

  In addition, when the total length of the connecting vertical element 22 and the upper vertical element 25 is 600 mm or less, it is preferable that compactness can be achieved as compared with the case where it exceeds 600 mm. A more preferable range of the conductor length of this portion is (λg / 41.7) to 500 mm, and a particularly preferable range is (λg / 34.8) to 400 mm.

  In the present invention, the distance between the first capacitive coupling portion set and the second capacitive coupling portion set, that is, the average spacing between the first lateral element 12 and the fourth lateral element 24 is 10 mm to 30 mm, particularly 15 mm to 20 mm is preferable.

  Specifically, when the average distance is 10 mm or more, the antenna gain can be improved as compared with the case where the average distance is less than 10 mm. When this average interval is 30 mm or less, it is preferable to approach omnidirectionality as compared with the case where it is more than 30 mm.

  The upper element (25 + 26) has an effect of improving the antenna gain when it is provided with a predetermined length. Therefore, considering the following route length (total length), an appropriate conductor length for each upper element is provided.

  For example, assuming that the power supply unit is not included, the route length of the route from the power supply unit to the connection unit 19, the power supply connection horizontal element 21, the connection vertical element 22, the upper vertical element 25, and the upper horizontal element 26 is n Is an integer in the range of (0.15 + 0.5n) λg to (0.45 + 0.5n) λg. Details will be described later together with examples.

  Note that the tip of the upper lateral element 26 is not limited to the open end, and may be bent or folded. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the tip of the upper horizontal element 26 is folded back, that is, the upper horizontal element 26 extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the third horizontal element 23, and then the upper bent vertical element. The first lateral element 12 may be folded back and extended in the same direction as the extending direction of the first lateral element 12 by the 261 and the upward folded lateral element 262.

  In this case, in addition to the route lengths of the elements (connection portions) 19⇒21⇒22⇒25⇒26, the lengths (element lengths) of the upward folded vertical element 261 and the upward folded lateral element 262 are also added. .15 + 0.5n) λg to (0.45 + 0.5n) λg, it is preferable to set the total length.

Second Embodiment
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
In this embodiment, compared with the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the upper elements 25 and 26 are not provided in the second antenna conductor 20A, and lower elements 27 and 28 are provided instead. Is different.

  Specifically, in the present embodiment, a lower vertical element 27 and a lower horizontal element 28 are provided as lower elements on the lower side of the power supply connecting horizontal element 21.

  Here, when viewed from the inside of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle, the lower vertical element 27 is provided in the right region with the right and left center of the rear window glass 60 as a boundary. The lower vertical element 27 extends in the vertical direction or substantially in the vertical direction. A lower horizontal element 28 is connected to an end portion of the lower vertical element (first lower vertical element) 27.

  In addition, although FIG. 4 demonstrates the example in which the one lower horizontal element 28 arrange | positioned under the horizontal element 21 for electric power feeding connection is arrange | positioned, according to the magnitude | size of the margin part of a window glass, according to this embodiment. As a modification, a plurality of lower horizontal elements may be arranged.

  In this case, in order to improve the antenna gain in the above-described frequency band H band (76 MHz to 108 MHz), the interval between the lower elements arranged in a plurality of directions is 5 mm to 25 mm, particularly 10 mm to 20 mm. The antenna gain of H can be improved, which is preferable.

  Furthermore, as indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 4, a second lower vertical element 281 that is connected to the feeding connection horizontal element 21 to create a loop may be further provided as a component of the lower element. Specifically, a second lower vertical element 281 is provided, one end of which is connected to the other end of the lower horizontal element 28 and the other end is connected to the feed connection horizontal element 21. In this configuration, the feed loop connecting horizontal element 21, the lower vertical element 27, the lower horizontal element 28, and the second lower vertical element 281 form a lower loop. By forming the lower loop, the antenna gain in the frequency band H is improved.

  The lower element (27 + 28) has an effect of improving the antenna gain when it is provided with a predetermined length. Therefore, an appropriate conductor length for each lower element is provided in consideration of the following route length.

  For example, assuming that the power feeding unit is not included, the route length of the route from the power feeding unit to the connection unit 19, the power feeding connecting horizontal element 21, the lower vertical element 27, and the lower horizontal element 28 is 0.57λg to. A range of 62λg is preferred. Details will be described later together with examples.

  Note that the tip of the lower lateral element 28 is not limited to the open end, and when the loop is formed as described above, in addition to the route length from the element 19⇒21⇒27⇒28, It is preferable to set the total length so that the lower vertical element 281 (element length) is in the range of 0.57λg to 0.62λg.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, the tip is folded back, that is, the lower lateral element 28 extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the third lateral element 23, and then the downward folded vertical element 281 and the downward folded horizontal The element 282 may be folded back and extend in the same direction as the extending direction of the first lateral element 12.

  In this case, in addition to the route length from the element 19⇒21⇒27⇒28, the length of the downward folding vertical element 281 and the downward folding lateral element 282, which are folding elements, is added, and the above-mentioned 0.57λg to 0.62λg. It is preferable to set the total length so as to be in the range.

<Third Embodiment>
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1B according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
Compared with the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4, this embodiment has both the upper elements 25 and 26 and the lower elements 27 and 28 on the second antenna conductor 20B. Is different.

  In this embodiment, both of the advantages obtained by providing the upper elements 25 and 26 in the first embodiment and the advantages obtained by providing the lower elements 27 and 28 in the second embodiment can be enjoyed.

  As will be described later in the embodiments, the upper element and the lower element are respectively arranged so that the antenna gain that periodically changes is improved by the influence of the upper element (25 + 26) and the lower element (27 + 28). Provide an appropriate conductor length.

  For example, when the lower element (27 + 28) is fixed at 440 mm, the power supply part is not included, and the connection part 19, the power supply connection horizontal element 21, the connection vertical element 22, the upper vertical element 25, and the upper part are sequentially arranged from the power supply part. The route length of the route to the lateral element 26 is preferably in the range of (0.15 + 0.5n) λg to (0.45 + 0.5n) λg, where n is an integer. Details will be described later together with examples.

  Also in this embodiment, the tip of the upper horizontal element 26 is not limited to the configuration that is an open end, and may be folded. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, when the tip is folded, the lower element (27 + 28) is fixed at 440 mm, and in addition to the route length of the above elements 19⇒21⇒22⇒25⇒26, It is preferable to set the total length so as to be in the range of (0.15 + 0.5n) λg to (0.45 + 0.5n) λg in addition to the lengths of H.261 and the upper folded horizontal element 262.

<Fourth embodiment>
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1C according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
This embodiment is further provided with loop forming elements 8 and 9 connected (short-circuited) to the first antenna conductor 10C and the second antenna conductor 20C with respect to the first embodiment shown in FIG. Is different.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the glass antenna 1 </ b> C according to the present embodiment includes upper elements 25 and 26 and loop forming elements 8 and 9.

  In FIG. 6, two loop forming elements 8 and 9 are arranged. However, the first loop forming element 8 that short-circuits the feeding connection lateral element 21 and the first lateral element 23 and the second loop forming element that short-circuits the first lateral element 23 and the second lateral element 24. 9 may not be provided, and at least one of them may be provided.

  Here, since the loop forming elements 8 and 9 extend substantially vertically, the element lengths of the loop forming elements 8 and 9 are substantially horizontal and the horizontal elements 21 for feeding connection and the first horizontal element 12 extend. And the distance between the first lateral element 12 and the second lateral element 13.

  Accordingly, in order to improve the directivity of the frequency band H (76 MHz to 108 MHz) as described above, the element length of the loop forming elements 8 and 9 is preferably 5 mm to 60 mm, and particularly preferably 10 mm to 40 mm. .

<Fifth Embodiment>
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1D according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Compared with the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the present embodiment further includes loop forming elements 8 and 9 connected (short-circuited) to the first antenna conductor 10D and the second antenna conductor 20D. Is different. The configuration of the loop forming elements 8 and 9 is the same as that of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the glass antenna 1 </ b> D according to the present embodiment includes lower elements 27 and 28 and loop forming elements 8 and 9.

<Sixth Embodiment>
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1E according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
Compared with the third embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the present embodiment further includes loop forming elements 8 and 9 connected (short-circuited) to the first antenna conductor 10E and the second antenna conductor 20E. Is different. The configuration of the loop forming elements 8 and 9 is the same as that of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the glass antenna 1E according to this embodiment includes upper elements 25 and 26, lower elements 27 and 28, and loop forming elements 8 and 9.

<Seventh embodiment>
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1F according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
Compared with the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the present embodiment is mainly used for the first power supply unit 6 for the frequency band H higher than the frequency band L and for the frequency band L. The main difference is that the second power feeding unit 7 is used.

  Specifically, in the present embodiment, the feed connection vertical element 11 </ b> F of the first antenna conductor 10 </ b> F is connected to the first feed unit 6. Further, the feed connection lateral element 21F of the second antenna conductor 20F is not connected to the feed connection longitudinal element 11F but directly connected to the second feed section 7.

  The shortest distance D67 between the first power supply unit 6 and the second power supply unit 7 is preferably 0.1 mm to 200 mm. When the shortest distance is 0.1 mm or more, it is preferable because the manufacturing is easy as compared with the case where the shortest distance is less than 0.1 mm. When the shortest distance is 200 mm or less, it is preferable for the convenience of mounting as compared with the case where it is more than 200 mm. A more preferable range of the shortest interval is 1 mm to 100 mm, and a particularly preferable range is 2 mm to 50 mm.

  In the example shown in FIG. 9, the feeding connection lateral element 21 </ b> F is directly connected to the second feeding unit 7. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the feed connection lateral element 21F may be connected to the second feed unit 7 via some connection element (for example, an element that does not contact the first antenna conductor 10). . That is, it is only necessary that the lateral element for power supply connection 21 </ b> F is electrically connected to the second power feeder 7.

  In the first to sixth embodiments, the adjustment element 29 is connected to the end (lower end) of the connection vertical element 22. However, in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the end of the connection vertical element 22 </ b> F is used. The adjustment element 29F is connected to a portion other than the portion.

  In the seventh embodiment, the upper element (25 + 26) has an effect of improving the antenna gain when it is provided with a predetermined length. For this reason, an appropriate conductor length of each upper element is provided in consideration of the following route length.

  For example, assuming that the power supply unit is not included, the route length of the route from the power supply unit to the connection unit 19, the power supply connection horizontal element 21F, the connection vertical element 22F, the upper vertical element 25, and the upper horizontal element 26 is n Is an integer in the range of (0.15 + 0.5n) λg to (0.45 + 0.5n) λg.

  Note that the total length in the case of forming the fold at the tip of the upper horizontal element 26 is preferably set to be in the above range including the fold-back portion, as in the first embodiment.

<Eighth Embodiment>
FIG. 10 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1G according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 in that the tip of the upper lateral element 26G is not an open end but is folded downward.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the tip of the upper horizontal element 26G is folded upward, that is, the upper horizontal element 26G extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the third horizontal element 23, and then is The element 261 and the upper upper folded lateral element 262 are folded upward and extend in the same direction as the extending direction of the first lateral element 12.

  In this case, the route length of the element (connection portion) 19⇒21⇒22⇒25⇒26G⇒261⇒262 is in the range of (0.15 + 0.5n) λg to (0.45 + 0.5n) λg. It is preferable to set the total length.

  In order to improve the antenna gain in the frequency band H (76 MHz to 108 MHz), the distance between the upper upper folded horizontal element 262 and the upper horizontal element 26G, and the length of the upper upper folded element 261 is as follows. The antenna gain in the frequency band H is preferably 5 mm to 25 mm, particularly 10 mm to 20 mm, which is preferable.

  Similarly, when the distance between the upper lateral element 26G and the second lateral element 13 of the first antenna conductor 10 is 5 mm to 25 mm, particularly 10 mm to 20 mm, the antenna gain in the frequency band H can be improved. ,preferable.

  In FIG. 10, the upper horizontal element 26 </ b> G extends to the position above the power supply unit 5 and the power supply connection vertical element 11, and then extends downward by the upper upper bending vertical element 261. As shown, it may be folded forward. Further, the upper upper folding lateral element 262 may not be provided.

<Ninth Embodiment>
FIG. 11 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1H according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 in that the tip of the upper lateral element 26H is not an open end but is folded upward.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the tip of the upper horizontal element 26H is folded downward, that is, the upper horizontal element 26H extends in the same direction as the extension direction of the third horizontal element 23, and then is bent upward and downward. The element 263 and the upper lower folded lateral element 264 are folded downward and extend in the same direction as the extending direction of the first lateral element 12.

  In this case, the route length of the element (connection part) 19⇒21⇒22⇒25H⇒26H⇒263⇒264 is in the range of (0.15 + 0.5n) λg to (0.45 + 0.5n) λg. It is preferable to set the total length.

  In order to improve the antenna gain in the frequency band H (76 MHz to 108 MHz), the distance between the upper horizontal element 26H and the upper lower folded horizontal element 264, and the length of the upper lower folded element 263 is as follows. The antenna gain in the frequency band H is preferably 5 mm to 25 mm, particularly 10 mm to 20 mm, which is preferable.

  Similarly, the distance between the upper and lower folded horizontal element 264 and the second horizontal element 13 of the first antenna conductor 10 is 5 mm to 25 mm, particularly 10 mm to 20 mm, so that the antenna gain in the frequency band H is improved. Preferred.

  In FIG. 11, the upper horizontal element 26 </ b> H extends up to the position above the power feeding unit 5 and the power feeding connecting vertical element 11, and then extends upward by the upper lower folding vertical element 263. May be. Further, the upper and lower folded lateral element 264 may not be provided.

<Tenth Embodiment>
FIG. 12 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1I according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 10, this embodiment is characterized in that the lower end of the upper vertical element 25I is connected to the fourth horizontal element 24 instead of the other end of the connecting vertical element 22. Different.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the upper vertical element 25I is connected to the fourth horizontal element 24 and extends upward, and one end of the upper horizontal element 26I is connected to the upper end of the upper vertical element 25I thus configured. It is connected and located above the middle of the fourth lateral element 24. Then, the upper horizontal element 26I extends from the position in the same direction as the extending direction of the third horizontal element 23, and is then folded upward by the upper upper folded vertical element 265 and the upper upper folded horizontal element 266. The first transverse element 12 extends in the same direction as the extending direction.

  In this case, the longest route length from the feeding portion of the antenna element includes the length (distance D25) on the fourth horizontal element 24 from the upper end of the connecting vertical element 22 to the lower end of the upper vertical element 25I. It is. Here, the route length of the element (connection part) 19⇒21⇒22⇒D25⇒25I⇒26I⇒265⇒266 is in the range of (0.15 + 0.5n) λg to (0.45 + 0.5n) λg. Thus, it is preferable to set the total length.

  Further, in order to improve the antenna gain in the frequency band H band (76 MHz to 108 MHz), the distance between the upper upper folding lateral element 266 and the upper lateral element 26I, and the length of the upper upper folding element 265 is as follows. The antenna gain in the frequency band H is preferably 5 mm to 25 mm, particularly 10 mm to 20 mm, which is preferable.

  Similarly, when the distance between the upper lateral element 26I and the second lateral element 13 of the first antenna conductor 10 is 5 mm to 25 mm, particularly 10 mm to 20 mm, the antenna gain in the frequency band H can be improved. ,preferable.

  In FIG. 12, the upper horizontal element 26 </ b> G extends to the position above the power supply unit 5 and the power supply connection vertical element 11, and then is extended downward by the upper upper bending vertical element 261. As shown, it may be folded forward. Further, the upper upper folding lateral element 266 may not be provided.

  The upper vertical element 25I has a starting point (lower end) that is different from the upper end of the connecting vertical element 22. However, the upper vertical element 25I has a range in which the starting point of the upper vertical element 25I can move (distance D25) It is preferable that the upper vertical element 25I is provided in a position that is not in contact with the second horizontal element 13 and that is separated from the end of the second horizontal element 13 by 5 mm or more.

<Overall modification>
The first antenna conductor 10, the second antenna conductor 20, the power feeding unit 5, the first power feeding unit 6, the second power feeding unit 7, and the defogger 40 are usually pastes containing a conductive metal such as silver paste. Is printed on the inner surface of the rear window glass 60 and baked. However, the present invention is not limited to this method, and a linear body or a foil-like body made of a conductive material such as copper may be formed on the vehicle inner surface or the vehicle outer surface of the rear window glass 60. 60 may be provided inside itself. Further, a synthetic resin film provided with a conductor layer on the inside or on the surface thereof is formed on the vehicle inner surface or vehicle outer surface of the rear window glass 60, and the first antenna conductor 10 and the second antenna conductor 20 are formed. Also good.

  In the present invention, a concealing film is formed on the surface of the rear window glass 60, and at least selected from the L antenna conductor, the feeding unit 5, the first feeding unit 6 and the second feeding unit 7 on the shielding film. One may be provided. Examples of the masking film include ceramics such as a black ceramic film.

  Here, since the vehicle is a moving body, it is preferable to provide a plurality of antennas and to have a radio wave selection ability that can be switched to any one of the antennas having good reception sensitivity depending on the location (cooperating for diversity reception).

  Therefore, in the present invention, an auxiliary antenna for receiving the same frequency band L and frequency band H can be provided on the window glass 60. As described above, by installing the auxiliary antenna on the window glass 60, it is possible to obtain the effect of improving the reception performance by switching the antenna.

  Alternatively, the auxiliary antenna may be provided in another part (for example, windshield, shark fin, spoiler) and the glass antenna of the present invention so that they can be switched to each other.

  Moreover, you may provide the different type | mold antenna for another use for receiving the broadcast wave (DAB etc.) higher than a different frequency, for example, the frequency band H, in a rear glass. In this case, when the heterogeneous antenna is provided on the rear window glass, it is preferably provided above the adjustment element 29 and on the side (right side in FIG. 2) away from the power feeding unit 5 with respect to the connection vertical element 22. .

  When a heterogeneous antenna is provided, the glass antenna of the present invention can be used to adjust reception characteristics of high broadcast waves (DAB).

  As mentioned above, although the glass antenna and the window glass were demonstrated by the some example of embodiment, this invention is not limited to the said example of embodiment. Various modifications and improvements, such as combinations and substitutions with part or all of other example embodiments, are possible within the scope of the present invention.

  <Example>

  An automotive glass antenna is shown which uses a rear window glass 60 of an automobile and has different lengths (L25 + L26 (+ L261 + L262)) of the upper elements 25, 26 in the first embodiment of FIG. 3 and the eighth embodiment of FIG. Produced. Here, the frequency-antenna gain characteristic was measured for each different antenna length, and the average characteristic was calculated. Unlike the fifth embodiment described later, the lower element is not provided in this embodiment.

  When viewed from the automobile, the antenna gain in a 60 dB μV / m electric field of 0 to 360 ° in the horizontal direction was measured every 3 °. In the overall view of FIG. 2, 11 heater wires 42 are described, but 14 heater wires 42 are used in the measurement.

  In this example, this average antenna gain of 0 to 360 ° was adopted. About these measurement conditions in a present Example, it is the same also in FIGS.

  The dimension of each part of the glass antenna 1 of 1st Embodiment (and 8th Embodiment) shown in FIG. 3 (FIG. 10) is as follows. L represents the conductor length of each element.

L11 80mm
L12 550mm
L13 390mm
L19 5mm
L21 770mm
L22 60mm
L23 585mm
L24 650mm
L29 335mm
It should be noted that the distance between the facing elements forming the first capacitive coupling and the second capacitive coupling is 10 mm, and the smaller one of the angles formed by the rear window glass 60 and the horizontal direction is 24.4. °.

  The size of the power feeding unit was 27 mm long × 14 mm wide, and the line width of each element was 0.8 mm.

  Furthermore, arrangement | positioning of the glass antenna 1 in the rear window glass 60 was as follows (refer FIG. 2, FIG. 4). D1 is the distance between the side edge 61s of the vehicle body opening edge (edge of the rear window glass) 61 and the side edge 61s of the feed connection vertical element 11, and D2 is the upper edge 61u of the vehicle body opening edge 61 and the second horizontal element. 13, D4 indicates the distance between the uppermost heater wire 42u and the lower lateral element 28. Ww indicates the horizontal width of the rear window glass 60, and Wh indicates the vertical width of the rear window glass 60.

D1 20mm
D2 45mm
D4 40mm
Ww60 1320mm
Wh60 700mm.

  In this embodiment, the length (L25 + L26 (+ L261 + L262)) of the upper element in the glass antenna is 0 (none), 145, 245, 345, 445, 545, 645, 745, 845, 945, 1045, 1145, 1245, 1345, 1345. , 1445, 1545 and 16 ways.

  Based on these lengths, the antenna length from the power feeding unit 5 (the total length of the route) is set to a shortening rate k = 0.64, and the wavelength in the air at 92 MHz which is the center frequency of the frequency band H is λ , Λg = λ · k, and converted to wavelengths, 0.40, 0.47, 0.52, 0.57, 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81,. It corresponds to 85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.04, 1.09, 1.14λg.

  Specifically, the antenna length is defined by the total length (L19 + L21 + L22 + L25 + L26 (+ L261 + L262)) from the “feeding portion” to the “element tip”. The starting point of the graphs of FIGS. 13 and 14 is 835 mm (L19: 5 mm + L21: 770 mm + L22: 60 mm), and is 0.40λg.

  In this example, as shown in FIG. 10, when the upper element is extended, it is bent downward and measured, and the dimension when the length of the upper element in the longest (L25I + L26I + L265 + L266) is 1545 mm, It was as follows.

L25G: 40mm
L26G: 770mm
L261: 10mm
L262: 725 mm.

FIG. 13 shows the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the direction shown in FIG. 10 in the configuration of FIG. 3 having the upper element. It is a graph. In this example, as shown in FIG. 10, when the upper element was extended, it was bent upward.
It was.

  FIG. 14 shows the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the direction shown in FIG. 10 in the configuration of FIG. 3 having the upper element. It is a graph.

  From the graphs shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, it can be seen that there is an effect in the range of 0.65λg to 0.95λg as compared with the case where the upper element is not attached (left end of the graph).

  Further, it can be seen from the right side of the graph that the gain is improved even when the length is 1.05λg or more. Therefore, from the graphs of FIGS. 13 and 14, the gain is improved at least in the range of 0.65λg to 0.95λg and in the range of 1.05λg, so that the antenna length (the total length of the route) is increased. Accordingly, the characteristics changed periodically (as an example, about 0.5λg).

  Among these effective ranges, for example, the vicinity of 0.70λg, that is, the vicinity of the length of the upper element of 640 mm (L25G: 40 mm + L26G: 600 mm, no folding) is particularly preferable.

  3 shows a glass antenna for an automobile which uses a rear window glass 60 of an automobile and has different lengths (L25H + L26H (+ L263 + L264)) of upper elements 25 and 26 in the first embodiment of FIG. 3 and the ninth embodiment of FIG. Produced. Here, the frequency-antenna gain characteristic was measured for each different antenna length, and the average characteristic was calculated.

  In this embodiment, the length (L25H + L26H (+ L263 + L264)) of the upper element in the glass antenna is 0 (none), 145, 245, 345, 445, 545, 645, 745, 845, 945, 1045, 1145, 1245, 1345. , 1445, 1545 and 16 ways.

  Based on these lengths, the antenna length from the power feeding unit 5 (the total length of the route) is set to a shortening rate k = 0.64, and the wavelength in air at 92 MHz, which is the center frequency of the frequency band H, is λ. , Λg = λ · k, and converted to wavelengths, 0.40, 0.47, 0.52, 0.57, 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81,. It corresponds to 85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.04, 1.09, 1.14λg.

  Specifically, the antenna length is defined by the total length (L19 + L21 + L22 + L25H + L26H (+ L263 + L264)) from the “feeding portion” to the “element tip”. The starting point of the graphs of FIGS. 15 and 16 is 835 mm (L19: 5 mm + L21: 770 mm + L22: 60 mm), and is 0.40λg.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, when the upper element is extended, the upper element is bent upward and measured. The length of the upper element in the longest case (L25I + L26I + L265 + L266) is 1545 mm. It was as follows.

L25H: 30mm
L26H: 770mm
L263: 10 mm
L264: 735 mm.

  FIG. 15 shows the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the upward direction shown in FIG. 11 in the configuration of FIG. 3 having the upper element. It is a graph to show. In this example, as shown in FIG. 11, when the upper element was extended, it was bent downward.

  16 shows the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the upward direction shown in FIG. 11 in the configuration of FIG. 3 having the upper element. It is a graph to show.

  From the graphs shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, it can be seen that there is an effect in the range of 0.65λg to 0.95λg as compared with the case where the upper element is not attached (the left end of the graph).

  Further, it can be seen from the right side of the graph that the gain is improved even when the length is 1.05λg or more. Therefore, from the graphs of FIGS. 15 and 16, since the gain is improved at least in the range of 0.65λg to 0.95λg and in the range of 1.05λg, the antenna length (total length of the route) is increased. Accordingly, the characteristics changed periodically (as an example, about 0.5λg).

  Among these effective ranges, for example, the vicinity of 0.66λg, that is, the vicinity of the length of the upper element of 540 mm (L25H: 30 mm + L26H: 510 mm, no folding) is particularly preferable.

  Using the rear window glass 60 of the automobile, in the tenth embodiment of FIG. 12, the automotive glass antenna shown was manufactured with different upper element lengths (L25I + L26I + L265 + L266). Here, the frequency-antenna gain characteristic was measured for each different antenna length, and the average characteristic was calculated.

  In this embodiment, the length (L25I + L26I + L265 + L266) of the upper element in the glass antenna is combined with the distance D25 to 0 (none), 145, 245, 345, 445, 545, 645, 745, 845, 945, 1045, 1145, It was changed to 1245, 1345, 1445 mm.

  Based on these lengths, the antenna length from the power feeding unit 5 (the total length of the route) is set to a shortening rate k = 0.64, and the wavelength in the air at 92 MHz which is the center frequency of the frequency band H is λ , Λg = λ · k, and converted to wavelengths, 0.40, 0.47, 0.52, 0.57, 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81,. It corresponds to 85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.04, 1.09λg.

  Specifically, the antenna length is defined by the length from the “feeding portion” to the “element tip” (L19 + L21 + L22 + D25 + L25I + 26I + 265 + 266), and the starting point of the two graphs is 935 mm (L19: 5 mm + L21: 770 mm + L22: 60 mm + D25: 100 mm) And Therefore, for example, at 145 mm corresponding to 0.47λg, 100 mm is subtracted at a distance of D25, so the length of the upper antenna is 45 mm.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, when the upper element is extended, it is bent downward and measured, and the length when the length of the upper element in the longest (L25I + L26I + L265 + L266) is 1445 mm, It was as follows.

L25G: 40mm
L261: 770mm
L261: 10mm
L262: 625 mm.

  FIG. 17 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the configuration of FIG. 12 where the starting point of the upper element is different. In this example, as shown in FIG. 10, when the upper element was extended, it was bent downward.

  FIG. 18 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the configuration of FIG. 12 in which the starting point of the upper element is different.

  From the graphs shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, there is an effect in the range of 0.4 λg to 0.55 λg and 0.70 λg to 1.00 λg as compared with the case where the upper element is not attached (the left end of the graph). Recognize. In addition, since the position of the upper antenna element moves toward the power feeding unit by the distance D25, the graph shifts from the first embodiment and the range in which the gain is good is different.

  Accordingly, from the graphs of FIGS. 17 and 18, the gain is improved at least in the range of 0.4λg to 0.55λg and in the range of 0.70λg to 1.00λg. Depending on the length, the characteristics changed periodically (as an example, about 0.4λg to 0.5λg).

  Even within this effective range, the length of the upper element is 640 mm (L25G: 40 mm + L26G: 600 mm, not folded), that is, the total length of the upper element and the distance D25 is 740 mm. The vicinity of 0.71λg shown in the graph is particularly preferable.

  In this way, in Examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that adding the upper element of an appropriate length has the effect of improving the gain from the configuration of the comparative example.

  Using the rear window glass 60 of the automobile, glass antennas having different lengths (L27 + L28) of the lower elements 27, 28 were manufactured for the configuration of the second embodiment of FIG. Here, frequency-antenna gain characteristics were measured for each different antenna length (total length of a predetermined route), and average characteristics were calculated.

  In the present example, the length (L27 + L28) of the lower element in the glass antenna was changed to 8 (no), 30, 80, 130, 240, 440, 540, and 640 mm.

  Based on these lengths, the wavelength in the air at the center frequency where the shortening rate k = 0.64, the center frequency of 76 MHz to 108 MHZ of the frequency band H is 92 MHz is λ, and λg = λ · k. When calculated, the antenna length from the power feeding unit 5 (total length of the route) is converted into wavelength, and 0.36, 0.39, 0.41, 0.43, 0.49, 0.58, 0.63 This corresponds to 0.68λg.

  Specifically, the antenna length is defined by the length (L19 + L21 + L27 + L28) from the “feeding portion” to the “element tip”, and the starting point of the graphs of FIGS. 19 and 20 is 775 mm (L19: 5 mm + L21: 770 mm). And 0.36λg.

  FIG. 19 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz when the length of the lower element is changed in the configuration of the second embodiment of FIG.

  FIG. 20 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz when the length of the lower element is changed in the configuration of FIG.

  From the graphs shown in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, when the conductor length of the lower element is set to be a total length of 0.57λg to 0.62λg, compared to the case where the lower element is not provided (the left end of the graph). It can be seen that there is an effect of gain improvement.

  Further, according to the graphs of FIGS. 19 and 20, since the transition is periodically performed like a trigonometric function, it can be assumed that the gain is improved again in a band of 0.7λg or more.

  Among these effective ranges, the lower element length is particularly preferably around 0.59λg, that is, around 460 mm (L27: 40 mm + L28: 420 mm).

  As described above, in Example 4, it can be seen that by adding a lower element having an appropriate length, the gain is improved from the configuration of the comparative example.

  FIG. 5 shows that the rear window glass 60 of an automobile is used, in the third embodiment of FIG. 5, the lengths of the lower elements 27, 28 (L27 + L28) are fixed, and the lengths of the upper elements 25, 26 (L25 + L26) are different. A glass antenna for automobiles was produced. Here, the frequency-antenna gain characteristic was measured for each different antenna length, and the average characteristic was calculated.

In the third embodiment, the dimensions of the lower elements 27 and 28 are:
L27: 40mm
L28: 420mm
And constant. Other dimensions are the same as the dimensions shown in the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the length (L25 + L26) of the upper element in the glass antenna is changed to 0 (none), 145, 245, 345, 445, 545, 645, 745, 845, 945, 1045, 1145, 1245, 1345, 1445, and 1545 were changed.

  Based on these lengths, the antenna length from the power feeding unit 5 (the total length of the route) is set to a shortening rate k = 0.64, and the wavelength in the air at 92 MHz which is the center frequency of the frequency band H is λ , Λg = λ · k, and converted to wavelengths, 0.40, 0.47, 0.52, 0.57, 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81,. It corresponds to 85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.04, 1.09, 1.14λg.

  Specifically, the antenna length is defined by the total length (L19 + L21 + L22 + L25 + L26) from the “feeding portion” to the “element tip”. The starting point of the graphs of FIGS. 21 and 22 is 835 mm (L19: 5 mm + L21: 770 mm + L22: 60 mm), and is 0.40λg.

  FIG. 21 shows an average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz when the lower element is fixed at an appropriate length and the length of the upper element is changed in the third embodiment. It is a graph which shows.

  FIG. 22 is an average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in all frequency bands of 76 MHz to 108 MHz when the lower element is fixed at an appropriate length and the length of the upper element is changed in the third embodiment. It is a graph which shows.

  From the graphs shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, it can be seen that there is an effect in the range of 0.65λg to 0.95λg as compared with the case where the upper element is not attached (the left end of the graph).

  Further, it can be seen from the right side of the graph that the gain is improved even when the length is 1.15λg or more. Therefore, from the graphs of FIGS. 15 and 16, since the gain is improved at least in the range of 0.65λg to 0.95λg and in the range of 1.15λg, the antenna length (total length of the route) is increased. Accordingly, the characteristics changed periodically (as an example, every 0.5λg).

  Among these effective ranges, the vicinity of 0.70λg, that is, the length of the upper element is particularly preferably around 640 mm (L25: 40 mm + L26: 600 mm).

  It can be seen from Example 5 that, compared with Example 4, the addition of an appropriate upper element to the configuration of the second embodiment has the effect of improving the gain.

  Further, comparing Example 5 and Example 1, it can be seen that even when the lower element is attached, the change in gain is the same depending on the length of the added upper element.

  A glass antenna shown in the configuration of the first embodiment of FIG. 3 and the comparative example of FIG. 1 was manufactured using the rear window glass 60 of the automobile, and the frequency-antenna gain characteristics in the first embodiment and the comparative example were measured.

  The dimensions of the comparative example are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, except that the upper elements (25, 26) are not provided. Further, the feeding portion 55 is above the feeding connection lateral element 21 shown in FIG. 2, and the longitudinal length of the element 51a corresponding to the feeding connection longitudinal element 11 is 60 mm shorter than that in FIG. The point is also different.

Here, the dimensions of the upper elements 25 and 26 in the present embodiment are based on the results of the first embodiment.
L25: 40mm
L26: 600mm
It was. Other dimensions are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  FIG. 23 is a graph showing the antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in each frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz by comparing the configuration having the upper element shown in FIG. 3 with a comparative example.

  FIG. 24 is a graph showing the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in each frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz by comparing the configuration having the upper element shown in FIG. 4 with a comparative example.

  From the tendency of the graphs of FIGS. 23 and 24, the antenna gain of the first embodiment is a band in which the gain of 76 MHz to 96 MHz is low and the band in which the gain drops from 100 MHz to 104 MHz with respect to the antenna gain of the comparative example. It can be seen that the decline has been eliminated and the gain has increased.

  As a result, for example, not only FM broadcast bands in the United States and Europe (88 MHz to 108 MHz) but also FM bands in Japan (76 MHz to 90 MHz) can be covered, and it becomes possible to deal with a wide band.

  For the horizontal polarization shown in FIG. 23, the average gain of the entire band in the configuration of the comparative example is 53.1 dBμV, whereas the average gain of the entire band of the configuration with the upper element is 54.1 dBμV. is there.

  For the vertical polarization shown in FIG. 24, the average gain of the entire band in the configuration of the comparative example is 56.6 dBμV, whereas the average gain of the entire band of the configuration with the upper element is 58.0 dBμV.

  Therefore, by providing the upper element, the first embodiment improves the characteristics of the antenna of the entire band as compared with the comparative example.

A glass antenna shown in the configuration of the second embodiment of FIG. 4 and the comparative example of FIG. 1 was manufactured using the rear window glass 60 of the automobile, and the frequency-antenna gain characteristics in the second embodiment and the comparative example were measured.
Here, in the present embodiment, the dimensions of the lower elements 27 and 28 are based on the results of the first embodiment.
L27: 40mm
L28: 420mm
It was. Other dimensions are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  FIG. 25 is a graph showing the antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in each frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz, comparing the configuration having the lower element shown in FIG. 4 with the comparative example.

  FIG. 26 is a graph showing vertically polarized antenna gain in each frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz in the configuration having the lower element and the comparative example.

  From the trends in the graphs of FIGS. 25 and 26, it can be seen that the gain is improved particularly in the band where the gain of 76 MHz to 96 MHz is low and in the band of 104 MHz to 108 MHz. As a result, for example, not only FM broadcast bands in the United States and Europe (88 MHz to 108 MHz) but also FM bands in Japan (76 MHz to 90 MHz) can be covered, and it becomes possible to deal with a wide band.

  For the horizontal polarization shown in FIG. 25, the average gain of the entire band in the configuration of the comparative example is 53.1 dBμV, whereas the average gain of the entire band of the configuration with the lower element is 53.8 dBμV. is there.

  For the horizontally polarized wave shown in FIG. 26, the average gain of the entire band in the configuration of the comparative example is 56.6 dBμV, whereas the average gain of the entire band of the configuration with the lower element is 57.6 dBμV.

  Therefore, by providing the lower element, the second embodiment improves the characteristics of the antenna of the entire band as compared with the comparative example.

  The glass antenna shown in the configuration of the third embodiment and the second embodiment of FIG. 5 was manufactured using the rear window glass 60 of the automobile, and the frequency-antenna gain characteristics in the third and second embodiments were measured. . The dimensions of the configuration in the third embodiment are the same as those in the sixth and seventh embodiments.

  The above was compared between the glass antenna provided with the lower element and the glass antenna 50 of the comparative example shown in FIG. 1, and the effect of improving the gain was confirmed by adding the upper element of a predetermined length. .

  27 is a graph showing the antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in each frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element and the lower element shown in FIG. 5 with the configuration having the lower element shown in FIG. .

  28 is a graph showing the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in each frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element and the lower element shown in FIG. 5 with the configuration having the lower element shown in FIG. .

  From the graphs of FIGS. 27 and 28, it can be seen that, particularly in the band where the gain drops at 100 MHz to 104 MHz, the drop is eliminated and the gain is increased. As a result, for example, not only the Japanese FM band (76 MHz to 90 MHz) but also the FM broadcast band of the United States and Europe (88 MHz to 108 MHz) can be covered, and a wide band can be handled.

  27, the average gain of the entire band of the configuration of the second embodiment in FIG. 4 is 53.8 dBμV, whereas the average gain of the configuration of the third embodiment of FIG. The average gain is 54.6 dBμV.

  28, the average gain of the entire band in the configuration of the second embodiment of FIG. 4 is 57.6 dBμV, whereas the average gain of the entire band of the configuration of the third embodiment in FIG. Is 58.5 dBμV.

  From the above comparison, it can be seen that the characteristics of the antenna of the entire band are improved by providing both the lower element and the upper element having appropriate lengths as compared with the configuration of only the lower element.

  The glass antenna shown in the configuration of the fifth embodiment of FIG. 7 and the second embodiment of FIG. 4 is manufactured using the rear window glass 60 of the automobile, and the frequency-antenna gain characteristics in the fifth and second embodiments are manufactured. Was measured.

In the fifth embodiment, the dimensions of the loop forming elements 8 and 9 are L8: 40 mm
L9: 40mm
It was. The dimensions of the other configurations are the same as those in the first, sixth, and seventh embodiments.

  29 is a graph showing the antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in each frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz, comparing the configuration having the lower element and the loop forming element shown in FIG. 7 with the configuration having the lower element shown in FIG. is there.

  30 is a graph showing the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in each frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz, comparing the configuration having the lower element and the loop forming element shown in FIG. 7 with the configuration having the lower element shown in FIG. is there.

  From the graphs of FIG. 29 and FIG. 30, it can be seen that, particularly in the band where the gain drops at 100 MHz to 104 MHz, and at 104 MHz to 108 MHz, the drop is eliminated and the gain is increased. As a result, for example, not only the Japanese FM band (76 MHz to 90 MHz) but also the FM broadcast band of the United States and Europe (88 MHz to 108 MHz) can be covered, and a wide band can be handled.

  29, the average gain of the entire band of the configuration of the second embodiment of FIG. 4 is 53.8 dBμV, whereas the average gain of the entire band of the configuration of the fifth embodiment of FIG. Is 54.7 dBμV.

  For the vertical polarization shown in FIG. 30, the average gain of the entire band in the configuration of the second embodiment of FIG. 4 is 56.6 dBμV, whereas the average gain of the entire band of the configuration of the fifth embodiment in FIG. Is 58.4 dBμV.

  From the above comparison, it is understood that the characteristics of the antenna of the entire band are improved by providing both the loop forming element and the lower element as compared with the configuration of only the lower element.

  A glass antenna shown in the configuration of the sixth embodiment of FIG. 8 and the comparative example of FIG. 1 was manufactured using the rear window glass 60 of the automobile, and the frequency-antenna gain characteristics in the sixth embodiment and the comparative example were measured.

  The dimensions of the configuration of the sixth embodiment are the same with reference to Example 1, Example 6, Example 7, and Example 9 described above.

  FIG. 31 is a graph showing the antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in each frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element, the lower element, and the loop forming element shown in FIG. 8 with the comparative example.

  FIG. 32 is a graph showing the antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in each frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz, comparing the configuration with the upper element, the lower element, and the loop forming element shown in FIG. 8 with the comparative example.

  From the graphs of FIG. 31 and FIG. 32, the gain is improved by eliminating the drop particularly in the band where the gain drops from 100 MHz to 104 MHz, and the gain is improved in the band where the gain from 76 MHz to 96 MHz is low. I understand that. As a result, for example, both the FM band in Japan (76 MHz to 90 MHz) and the FM broadcast band in the United States / Europe (88 MHz to 108 MHz) can be sufficiently covered, and a wide band can be handled.

  For the horizontal polarization shown in FIG. 31, the average gain of the entire band in the configuration of the comparative example of FIG. 1 is 53.1 dBμV, whereas the average gain of the entire band of the configuration of the sixth embodiment in FIG. 55.0 dBμV.

  32, the average gain of the entire band in the configuration of the comparative example of FIG. 1 is 56.6 dBμV, whereas the average gain of the entire band of the configuration of the sixth embodiment in FIG. 58.8 BμV.

  By providing the upper element, the lower element, and the loop forming element, the overall gain is improved and the frequency characteristics are improved in both the horizontal polarization and the vertical polarization as compared with the configuration of the comparative example shown in FIG. Is seen.

  Table 1 summarizes the comparison of horizontal polarized antenna gains of Examples 6 to 10. Table 2 summarizes comparison of antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in Examples 6 to 10.

表１に示すように、周波数帯Ｈにおける水平偏波の平均利得は、比較例では５３．１ｄＢμＶ、第１実施形態では、５４．１ｄＢμＶ、第２実施形態では５３．８ｄＢμＶ、第３実施形態では５４．６ｄＢμＶ、第５実施形態では５４．７ｄＢμＶ、第６実施形態では５５．０ｄＢμＶであった。

As shown in Table 1, the average gain of horizontal polarization in the frequency band H is 53.1 dBμV in the comparative example, 54.1 dBμV in the first embodiment, 53.8 dBμV in the second embodiment, and in the third embodiment. It was 54.6 dBμV, 54.7 dBμV in the fifth embodiment, and 55.0 dBμV in the sixth embodiment.

  As shown in Table 2, the average gain of vertically polarized waves in the frequency band H is 56.6 dBμV in the comparative example, 58.0 dBμV in the first embodiment, 57.6 dBμV in the second embodiment, and in the third embodiment. It was 58.5 dBμV, 58.4 dBμV in the fifth embodiment, and 58.8 dBμV in the sixth embodiment.

  Therefore, compared with the comparative example, in the present invention, by providing the lower element, providing the upper element, providing the loop forming element, and combining them, the gain is improved and a wide band can be covered.

  The present invention includes AM broadcast band (MW band) (520 kHz to 1700 kHz) (520 kHz is New Zealand), long wave broadcast band (LW band) (150 kHz to 280 kHz), short wave broadcast band (SW band) (2.3 MHz to 26.1 MHz). ), The FM broadcast band in Japan (76 MHz to 95 MHz), and the FM broadcast band in the US and Europe (88 MHz to 108 MHz). Furthermore, terrestrial digital television broadcasting (473 MHz to 767 MHz), US digital television broadcasting (698 MHz to 806 MHz), North American and European television VHF bands (45 MHz to 86 MHz, 175 MHz to 225 MHz), digital radio broadcasting (DAB: 170 MHz to 240 MHz) , 1450 MHz to 1490 MHz), 800 MHz band (810 MHz to 960 MHz) for automobile telephones, UHF band (300 MHz to 3 GHz), dedicated short range communication (DSRC: Dedicated Short Range Communication, 915 MHz band), and keyless entry system for automobiles (300 MHz) (-450 MHz) and the like.

1,1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F Glass antenna (glass antenna for vehicles)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 Feed part 6 1st feed part 7 2nd feed part 8 1st loop formation element 9 2nd loop formation element 10, 10C, 10F 1st antenna conductor 11 Feeding connection vertical element 12 1st horizontal Element 13 Second horizontal element 20, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, 20E, 20F Second antenna conductor 21 Horizontal element for feeding connection 22, 22F Vertical element for connection 23 Third horizontal element 24 Fourth horizontal element 25, 25G, 25H, 25I Upper vertical element (upper element)
26, 26G, 25H, 26I Upper horizontal element (upper element)
261, 265 Upper lower folded vertical element 262, 266 Upper lower folded horizontal element 263 Upper upper folded vertical element 262 Upper upper folded horizontal element 27 Lower vertical element (lower element, first lower vertical element)
28 Lower horizontal element (lower element)
281 Second lower vertical element (lower bent vertical element)
282 Lower folded lateral element 29, 29F Adjustment element 40 Defogger 41a, 41b Bus bar 42 Heater wire 60 Rear window glass (rear glass)
61 Car body opening edge (outer edge of rear window glass)
61u Upper edge of car body opening edge (upper edge of rear window glass)
61s Side edge of car body opening edge (side edge of rear window glass)
k Shortening rate (= 0.64)
λ Wavelength in air at the center frequency of the receiving frequency band (wavelength in air at 92 MHz)
λg λxk

Claims (16)

A glass antenna for a vehicle that is provided near the upper edge of a vehicle window glass and receives two types of frequency bands,
The glass antenna includes a feeding portion, a first antenna conductor, and a second antenna conductor,
The first antenna conductor is:
One end of the vertical element for power supply connection connected to the power supply unit and extending upward from the power supply unit,
One end is connected to the power supply unit or the vertical element for power supply connection, and extends substantially horizontally in a direction away from the power supply unit, and is positioned above the first horizontal element. A second lateral element having one end connected to the feed connecting vertical element and extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the first lateral element;
The second antenna conductor is
One end is connected to the power supply unit or the vertical element for power supply connection, and extends in the same direction as the extension direction of the first horizontal element,
A connecting vertical element having one end connected to the other end of the lateral element for power supply connection and extending upward;
A third lateral element, one end of which is connected to the connecting longitudinal element and extends substantially horizontally toward the power feeding portion;
A fourth horizontal element located above the third horizontal element, one end connected to the connecting vertical element and extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the third horizontal element;
One end is connected to the other end of the connecting vertical element or the fourth horizontal element, and extends upward, and one upper end is connected to the upper vertical element, and the third horizontal element extends. An upper transverse element extending in the same direction as the current direction,
The first lateral element and the third lateral element are capacitively coupled close to each other to form a first capacitive coupling unit,
The second lateral element and the fourth lateral element are capacitively coupled close to each other to form a second capacitive coupling unit,
The upper lateral element is located above the second capacitive coupling portion;
Glass antenna for vehicles. The other end of the first lateral element, which is away from the power feeding unit, constituting the first capacitive coupling unit is an open end, and the other end on the power feeding unit side of the third lateral element is open. End,
The other end of the second lateral element, which forms the second capacitive coupling portion, away from the power feeding unit is an open end, and the other end on the power feeding unit side of the fourth horizontal element is open. The end,
The glass antenna for vehicles according to claim 1. The upper lateral element extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the third lateral element, and then turns back and extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the first lateral element.
The glass antenna for vehicles according to claim 1 or 2. When the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of one of the two types of frequency bands is λ, the glass wavelength shortening rate is k, λg = λ · k, and n is an integer, in order from the feeding unit, The feed horizontal element for connection, the vertical element for connection, the upper vertical element, and the route length to the tip of the upper horizontal element, or the element length to the end of folding of the upper horizontal element is added to the route length The total length is in the range of (0.15 + 0.5n) λg to (0.45 + 0.5n) λg.
The glass antenna for vehicles as described in any one of Claim 1 to 3. The second antenna conductor is
A first lower longitudinal element having one end connected to the lateral element for power supply connection and extending downward;
A lower horizontal element connected to the other end of the first lower vertical element and extending in the same direction as the direction of extension of the third horizontal element.
The glass antenna for vehicles as described in any one of Claim 1 to 4. The lower lateral element extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the third lateral element, and then turns back and extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the first lateral element.
The glass antenna for vehicles according to claim 5. The second antenna conductor includes a second lower vertical element having one end connected to the other end of the lower horizontal element and the other end connected to the feeding connection horizontal element.
A lower loop is formed by the horizontal element for feeding connection, the first lower vertical element, the lower horizontal element, and the second lower vertical element.
The glass antenna for vehicles according to claim 5 or 6. When the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of one of the two types of frequency bands is λ, the glass wavelength shortening rate is k, and λg = λ · k, in order from the power supply unit, the power supply connection The horizontal element, the first lower vertical element, and the root length to the tip of the lower horizontal element, or the root length, the element length of the lower horizontal element folded back or the element length to the end of the lower loop The total length added is in the range of 0.57λg to 0.62λg.
The glass antenna for vehicles as described in any one of Claim 5 to 7. The glass antenna
A first loop forming element connected to the feeding connection lateral element and the first lateral element; and a second loop connected to the first lateral element and the second lateral element; Having at least one of loop forming elements,
The glass antenna for vehicles as described in any one of Claim 1 to 8. The second antenna conductor includes an adjustment element having one end connected to the connecting vertical element and extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the first horizontal element.
The glass antenna for vehicles as described in any one of Claim 1 to 9. The vehicle glass antenna receives a low frequency band of 530 kHz to 1605 kHz and a high frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz.
The glass antenna for vehicles as described in any one of Claim 1 to 10. The power feeding unit includes a first power feeding unit and a second power feeding unit,
The feed connection vertical element is connected to the first feed unit,
The lateral element for feeding connection is connected to the second feeding section;
The glass antenna for vehicles as described in any one of Claim 1 to 11.   The rear window glass provided with the glass antenna for vehicles as described in any one of Claim 1 to 12. The vehicle glass antenna receives a low frequency band of 530 kHz to 1605 kHz and a high frequency band of 76 MHz to 108 MHz,
A heterogeneous antenna for receiving a higher frequency band than the high frequency band is provided,
The vehicle glass antenna adjusts the reception characteristics of the heterogeneous antenna;
The rear window glass according to claim 13. The rear window glass is provided with an auxiliary antenna that receives the same band as at least one of the two types of frequency bands,
Diversity reception is performed in cooperation with the glass antenna and the auxiliary antenna.
The rear window glass according to claim 13 or 14. An electrically heated defogger is provided on the rear window glass,
The defogger includes a plurality of heater wires extending along the horizontal direction of the rear window glass, and a plurality of heater wires extending in the vertical direction on the left and right end portions of the rear window glass, and supplying power to the plurality of heater wires. Having a bus bar,
The glass antenna for a vehicle is provided above the defogger at a distance of 30 mm or more.
The rear window glass as described in any one of Claim 13 to 15.

Images