CN106654509B - Glass antenna for vehicle and rear window glass provided with same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a glass antenna for a vehicle, which can be used in the world and can receive broadband radio waves. The glass antenna is a glass antenna 1 for a vehicle, which is provided in the vicinity of an upper edge portion 61u of a window glass 60 for a vehicle and receives 2 kinds of frequency bands, and includes a feeding portion 5, a 1 st antenna conductor 10, and a 2 nd antenna conductor 20. In the glass antenna 1 for a vehicle, a 1 st antenna conductor includes a feed connection longitudinal element 11, a 1 st transverse element 12, and a 2 nd transverse element 13, a 2 nd antenna conductor 20 includes a feed connection transverse element 21, a connection longitudinal element 22, a 3 rd transverse element 23, a 4 th transverse element 24, an upper longitudinal element 25, and an upper transverse element 26, the 1 st transverse element 12 and the 3 rd transverse element 23 constitute a 1 st capacitive coupling part in the vicinity of each other, the 2 nd transverse element 13 and the 4 th transverse element 24 constitute a 2 nd capacitive coupling part in the vicinity of each other, and the upper transverse element 26 is located above the 1 st capacitive coupling part and the 2 nd capacitive coupling part.

Description

Glass antenna for vehicle and rear window glass provided with same

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a vehicle glass antenna provided in a window glass of a vehicle and a rear window glass provided with the vehicle glass antenna.

Background

Since the vehicle glass antenna mounted on a vehicle has different conditions (frequency band, polarization, coexistence medium, and the like) depending on countries, the antenna performance is adjusted depending on each region. In order to receive both FM broadcast and AM broadcast, a glass antenna as shown in fig. 1 has been proposed (patent document 1).

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese patent No. 5,024,026

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved by the invention

Patent document 1 proposes a glass antenna in which a defogger is provided on a rear window glass 60 and a clear region of the rear window glass located above the defogger 40, and which can receive both a frequency band corresponding to AM and a frequency band corresponding to FM. In this example, antenna element 51a and antenna element 52a are capacitively coupled, and antenna element 51b and antenna element 52b are capacitively coupled.

In the above-described structure, the design such as the adjustment of the antenna length is performed exclusively for sales in various countries and regions such as japan and europe, and the design workload and the quality management workload may be increased in any case.

In order to reduce these efforts, antenna patterns constituting glass antennas used in various countries need to be generalized.

In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a glass antenna for a vehicle, which can receive a radio wave in a wide frequency band, and which is universal in the world.

Technical scheme for solving technical problem

In order to solve the above problem, a vehicle glass antenna according to one aspect of the present invention is provided in the vicinity of an upper edge portion of a vehicle window glass, receives 2 frequency bands, and includes a power supply portion, a 1 st antenna conductor, and a 2 nd antenna conductor. The 1 st antenna conductor includes a feeding connection longitudinal element having one end connected to the feeding portion and extending upward from the feeding portion; a 1 st cross member having one end connected to the power supply portion or the power supply connection longitudinal member and extending substantially horizontally in a direction away from the power supply portion; and a 2 nd transverse element located above the 1 st transverse element, having one end connected to the power supply connection longitudinal element, and extending in the same direction as the 1 st transverse element. The 2 nd antenna conductor includes a feed connection cross member having one end connected to the feed portion or the feed connection longitudinal member and extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the 1 st cross member; a connecting longitudinal member having one end connected to the other end of the power supply connecting transverse member and extending upward; a 3 rd transverse element having one end connected to the longitudinal connecting element and extending substantially horizontally in a direction approaching the power supply portion; a 4 th transverse element located above the 3 rd transverse element, connected at one end to the connecting longitudinal element and extending in the same direction as the 3 rd transverse element; an upper longitudinal member having one end connected to the other end of the connecting longitudinal member or the 4 th transverse member and extending upward; and an upper transverse element connected at one end to said upper longitudinal element and extending in the same direction as the direction of extension of said 3 rd transverse element. The 1 st and 3 rd cross elements are adjacent to and capacitively coupled to form a 1 st capacitive coupling, the 2 nd and 4 th cross elements are adjacent to and capacitively coupled to form a 2 nd capacitive coupling, and the upper cross element is located above the 2 nd capacitive coupling.

Effects of the invention

With one aspect of the present invention, the glass antenna for a vehicle can be used worldwide and can receive a wide band of radio waves.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the entire rear window provided with a conventional glass antenna.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the entire rear window glass provided with the glass antenna according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the glass antenna according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the glass antenna according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the glass antenna according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the glass antenna according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the glass antenna according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the glass antenna according to embodiment 6 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the glass antenna according to embodiment 7 of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a plan view of a glass antenna according to embodiment 8 of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a plan view of the glass antenna according to embodiment 9 of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a plan view of the glass antenna according to embodiment 10 of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the direction shown in fig. 10 in the configuration of fig. 3 having the upper element.

Fig. 14 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the direction shown in fig. 10 in the configuration of fig. 3 having the upper element.

Fig. 15 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the direction shown in fig. 11 in the configuration of fig. 3 having the upper element.

Fig. 16 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the direction shown in fig. 11 in the configuration of fig. 3 having the upper element.

Fig. 17 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the configuration of fig. 12 in which the starting point of the upper element is different.

Fig. 18 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the configuration of fig. 12 in which the starting point of the upper element is different.

Fig. 19 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the lower element is changed in the configuration of fig. 4.

Fig. 20 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the lower element is changed in the configuration of fig. 4.

Fig. 21 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the configuration of fig. 5 having the upper element and the lower element.

Fig. 22 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the configuration of fig. 5 having the upper element and the lower element.

Fig. 23 is a graph showing antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element shown in fig. 3 with the comparative example.

Fig. 24 is a graph showing antenna gains of vertically polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element shown in fig. 3 with the comparative example.

Fig. 25 is a graph showing antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the lower element shown in fig. 4 with the comparative example.

Fig. 26 is a graph showing antenna gains of vertically polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the lower element shown in fig. 4 with the comparative example.

Fig. 27 is a graph showing antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element and the lower element shown in fig. 5 with the configuration having the lower element shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 28 is a graph showing antenna gains for vertically polarized waves in frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element and the lower element shown in fig. 5 with the configuration having the lower element shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 29 is a graph showing antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the lower element and the loop forming element shown in fig. 7 with the configuration having the lower element shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 30 is a graph showing antenna gains for vertically polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the lower element and the loop forming element shown in fig. 7 with the configuration having the lower element shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 31 is a graph showing antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element, the lower element, and the loop forming element shown in fig. 8 with the comparative example.

Fig. 32 is a graph showing antenna gains of vertically polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element, the lower element, and the loop forming element shown in fig. 8 with the comparative example.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings for describing the embodiments, directions are not particularly described, and the directions may be in accordance with the drawings. In addition, these drawings are views when viewed from the surface of the window glass, or when viewed from the inside of the vehicle (or from the outside of the vehicle) in a state where the window glass is attached to the vehicle, and the left-right direction (lateral direction) in the drawings corresponds to the horizontal direction, and the up-down direction corresponds to the vertical direction. However, the reference may be made to a figure as viewed from the outside of the vehicle.

For example, when the window glass is a rear window glass mounted to a rear portion of a vehicle, a left-right direction in the drawing corresponds to a vehicle width direction. The window glass of the present invention is mainly a rear window (rear window) attached to a rear portion of a vehicle. Further, the directions of parallel, right angle, and the like may be shifted within a range not to impair the effects of the present invention.

In the present invention, the window glass is an example of a window glass covering an opening portion of a vehicle body. The window glass is a plate-like member, and the material is not limited to glass, and may be resin, film, or the like. The rear window glass 60 (also referred to as a vehicle window glass or a rear window glass) is attached to a frame opening (also referred to as an opening) formed by a vehicle frame flange.

The vehicle body opening edge of the window is a peripheral edge of an opening of a vehicle body into which a window glass (plate) serving as a vehicle body grounding point (japanese vehicle アース) is fitted, and is made of a conductive material such as metal, for example.

< integral construction of Window >

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the entire rear window glass including a glass antenna (also referred to as a vehicle glass antenna or a vehicle antenna) 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The rear window (rear window) 60 is a window having an outer peripheral edge 61 attached to a flange (or a resin panel) of a vehicle body formed on the outside. The vehicle body opening edge (flange) of the vehicle body is a peripheral edge of an opening portion of the vehicle body into which a rear window glass serving as a ground point of the vehicle body is fitted. The flange is made of a conductive material such as metal.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the outer peripheral edge of the rear window glass 60 and the inner peripheral edge (opening edge) of the vehicle body side flange are provided at the same position and are denoted by reference numeral 61. However, the flange on the vehicle body side may overlap with the vicinity of the outer periphery of the rear window glass 60.

In fig. 2, a glass antenna (an antenna integrated into a window glass by printing, embedding, attaching, or the like) is configured by including a power feeding portion and antenna conductors 10,20 provided as a planar conductor pattern on a rear window glass 60 for a vehicle.

An electrically heated defogger 40 having a plurality of heater wires 42 and a plurality of bus bars 41a and 41b for supplying power to the heater wires 42 is provided in a rear window glass 60 according to embodiments 1 to 10.

Specifically, in the example of the defogger 40 shown in fig. 2, at least one strip-shaped bus bar 41a and 41b is provided in each of the left and right regions (both right and left end sides) of the rear window glass 60. In addition, the bus bars 41a,41b are elongated (extended, elongated) in the longitudinal direction or substantially the longitudinal direction of the rear window glass 60.

As an example, the bus bar 41a is connected to a vehicle body ground point, and the bus bar 41b is connected to the anode of the dc power supply 30 via the switch 31.

The plurality of heating wires 42 extend in a horizontal direction or a substantially horizontal direction, in a broad sense, in a lateral direction or a substantially lateral direction. As an example, in a typical automobile, from the viewpoint of ensuring a visual field, the lateral width of the defogger 40, that is, the interval (Dw) between the bus bars 41a and 41b is preferably 900mm to 1200 mm.

In the present invention, the shape of the demister is not limited. That is, the bus bars are not limited to 2. However, the number of bus bars is not limited to this, and 2 or 3 or more bus bars may be used. The bus bar may not extend in the longitudinal direction or substantially the longitudinal direction of the rear window glass 60, but may extend in, for example, the lateral direction or substantially the lateral direction.

Here, the portions of the plurality of heating wires 42 other than the bus bars 41a,41 may be short-circuited by the short- circuit lines 43, 44. Specifically, in the example shown in fig. 2, two short-circuit lines, i.e., the 1 st short-circuit line 43 and the 2 nd short-circuit line 44, are provided as short-circuit lines, and extend in the longitudinal direction or substantially the longitudinal direction of the rear window glass 60.

The 1 st short-circuit line 43 is disposed on the left side of the left-right intermediate boundary of the rear window 60, and the 2 nd short-circuit line 44 is disposed on the right side of the left-right intermediate boundary of the rear window 60. Further, the 1 st short-circuit line 43 and the 2 nd short-circuit line 44 are respectively disposed in the regions of 40mm to 300mm leftward or rightward from the left and right middle lines.

As shown in fig. 2, the glass antenna of the present invention is provided around the upper edge of the rear window glass 60, which is a blank area of the rear window glass 60 located above the defogger 40. Here, in order to increase the antenna gain in the frequency bands H and L, the shortest interval between the glass antennas 1 of the defogger 40, that is, the distance between the heating line 42u positioned at the uppermost portion and the later-described lateral element 21 for feeding connection is preferably 20mm to 100 mm. The distance between the defogger 40 and the glass antenna 1 may be 30mm or more.

The glass antenna of the present invention satisfactorily receives both the frequency band L and the frequency band H higher than the frequency band L. The frequency band L (low frequency band) may be, for example, an AM broadcast frequency band (530kHz to 1605kHz), and the frequency band H (high frequency band) may be, for example, an FM broadcast frequency band (76MHz to 95MHz) in japan and an FM broadcast frequency band (88MHz to 108MHz) in europe. In the present invention, a wide-band FM broadcast band (76MHz to 108MHz) corresponding to both the japanese FM broadcast band (76MHz to 95MHz) and the european FM broadcast band 88MHz to 108MHz is referred to as a band H.

Embodiments 1 to 6 and embodiments 8 to 10 of the present invention include one power feeding unit (power feeding point) 5 that feeds power to frequency band L and frequency band H. In embodiment 7, the first power supply unit 6 for the frequency band H and the second power supply unit 7 for the frequency band H and the frequency band L are provided.

In the following description, the antenna element is simply referred to as an element for the sake of simplifying the description. In addition, the glass antenna for a vehicle is simply referred to as a glass antenna.

< embodiment 1 >

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the glass antenna 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

The glass antenna 1 includes a 1 st antenna conductor 10, a 2 nd antenna conductor, and a feeding portion 5. The feeding portion 5 is connected to the 1 st antenna conductor 10 and the 2 nd antenna conductor 20.

The 1 st antenna conductor 10 includes a longitudinal element 11 for feed connection, a 1 st transverse element 12, and a 2 nd transverse element 13. The 1 st antenna conductor 10 functions as an antenna conductor for the frequency band H as a whole, and the feed connection longitudinal element 11, the 1 st transverse element 12, and the 2 nd transverse element 13 function as an antenna element for the H.

The 2 nd antenna conductor 20 includes a feed connection cross element 21, a connection longitudinal element 22, a 3 rd cross element 23, a 4 th cross element 24, an upper longitudinal element 25, an upper cross element 26, and an adjustment element 29. The 2 nd antenna conductor 20 functions as both an antenna conductor for L and an antenna conductor for H.

Specifically, the feeding connection cross member 21, the 3 rd cross member 23, and the 4 th cross member 24 function as antenna elements for L. The upper transverse element 26 functions as an antenna element for H. The adjustment element 29 functions as an element for adjusting the antenna element for H. The connecting longitudinal member 22 and the upper longitudinal member 25 function as members for adjusting the directivity.

In the 1 st antenna conductor 10, the feeding connection longitudinal element 11 extends from the feeding portion 5 in the longitudinal direction or substantially the longitudinal direction, particularly in the vertical direction or substantially the vertical direction.

The longitudinal element 11 for power supply connection is connected to the 1 st 12 and the 2 nd 13 transverse element. In the present embodiment, one end of the 2 nd transverse element 13 located above the 1 st transverse element 12 is connected to the terminal of the power supply connection longitudinal element 11. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and the upper end of the power supply connection longitudinal element 11 may protrude from one end of the 2 nd transverse element 13 in the substantially vertical direction.

The 1 st cross member 12 and the 2 nd cross member 13 connected to the power supply connection longitudinal member 11 each extend in a direction away from the power supply portion side. In addition, the configuration is not limited to this, and the end portions of the 1 st cross member 12 and the 2 nd cross member 13 may also be projected more than the power supply connection longitudinal member 11 in the horizontal direction.

In the 2 nd antenna conductor 20, the feed connection cross member 21 extends from the feed portion 5 in the lateral direction or substantially the lateral direction, in particular, in the horizontal direction or substantially the horizontal direction. The feed connection cross member 21 functions as an antenna element for L, and this configuration can increase the antenna gain in the frequency band H.

In the example shown in fig. 2, one power supply portion 5 is provided in the left side region of the blank region of the rear window glass 60 when viewed from the vehicle interior side or from the vehicle exterior side, and the power supply portion 5 is directly connected to the power supply connection cross member 21. However, the connection relationship is not limited to this, and as shown in the enlarged view (plan view) of fig. 3, the feed connection transverse element 21 may be connected to the feed portion 5 through (the connection portion 19 of) the feed connection longitudinal element 11 of the 1 st antenna conductor 10. That is, the power feeding connecting cross member 21 may be electrically connected to the power feeding portion 5 directly or indirectly.

The terminal end (right side in fig. 3) of the power supply connection cross member 21 is connected to the connection longitudinal member 22. The longitudinal connecting element 22 is an element for adjusting directivity, and affects the directivity of the frequency band H by a change in the position thereof.

In the configuration shown in fig. 3, the end (the other end) of the power supply connection cross member 21 is connected to the connection longitudinal member 22. However, the connection is not limited to this, and any position of the power supply connection cross member 21 may be connected to the connection longitudinal member 22.

Similarly, the end (lower end) of the longitudinal connecting member 22 is connected to the adjusting member 29. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any portion of the longitudinal connecting member 22 may be connected to the adjusting member 29.

In the present embodiment, the connecting longitudinal member 22 is connected to the 3 rd transverse member 23, the 4 th member 24, the upper longitudinal member 25, and the adjusting member 29.

The 3 rd cross member 23, the 4 th cross member 24 connected to the longitudinal connecting member 22, and the upper cross member 26 connected to the upper longitudinal member 25 extend in a direction substantially horizontal and close to the power supply portion 5 from the longitudinal connecting member 22.

The 1 st transverse element 12 of the 1 st antenna conductor 10 and the 3 rd transverse element 23 of the 2 nd antenna conductor 20 are brought close to each other and capacitively coupled. The 2 nd transverse element 13 of the 1 st antenna conductor 10 and the 4 th transverse element 24 of the 2 nd antenna conductor 20 are brought close to each other to be capacitively coupled.

As described above, by providing two capacitive coupling portions, the antenna gain in the reception frequency band H is significantly improved as compared with the case where one capacitive coupling portion is provided.

In addition, in the 2 nd antenna conductor 20 according to the present embodiment, the upper transverse element 26 is provided above the 4 th transverse element 24, and thus, in addition to the element for forming capacitive coupling, another line element is provided. The upper transverse element 26 serves to increase the gain of the high frequency band H and to extend the frequency band that can be received.

The upper longitudinal member 25 is connected to the connecting longitudinal member 22 in fig. 2 so as to be integrated and extended. As such, the upper longitudinal member 25 is connected to the upper end of the connecting longitudinal member 22 in the present configuration, but the configuration of the upper member is not limited thereto.

For example, the following may be the case: the upper longitudinal member 25 is not connected to the connecting longitudinal member 22, and the upper longitudinal member 25 is connected to any portion of the 4 th transverse member 24 and extends upward. In this case, the upper transverse element 26 connected to the upper longitudinal element 25 extends in the same direction as the 4 th transverse element 24 toward the power supply portion 5 side with a position different in the horizontal direction from the position of the connecting longitudinal element 22 as a starting point.

In the 1 st capacitive coupling, the 3 rd transverse element 23 and the 1 st transverse element 12 each extend in a horizontal direction or substantially horizontal direction, broadly in a transverse direction or substantially transverse direction, the 3 rd transverse element 23 and the 1 st transverse element 12 being parallel or substantially parallel to each other. In the present embodiment, the 1 st transverse element 12 is arranged above the 3 rd transverse element 23.

Likewise, in the 2 nd capacitive coupling portion, the 4 th transverse element 24 and the 2 nd transverse element 13 each extend in a horizontal direction or a substantially horizontal direction, parallel or substantially parallel to each other. In the present embodiment, the 4 th transverse element 24 is arranged above the 2 nd transverse element 13.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the upper cross member 26 is further provided in the 2 nd capacitive coupling portion. By disposing the capacitive coupling portions as described above, the line elements are alternately disposed from the feeding portion 5 side toward the upper transverse element 26 side, and the antenna gain is improved.

At this time, the unconnected ends of the 3 rd transverse element 23, the 1 st transverse element 12, the 2 nd transverse element 13, and the 4 th transverse element 24, which form the capacitive coupling, are open ends.

Here, as the frequency band H, the length of the 1 st capacitive coupling portion located on the lower side is preferably 200mm to 800mm, particularly preferably 300mm to 732mm so as to correspond to all frequency bands (76MHz to 108MHz) included in the FM broadcast band in japan, the FM broadcast band in usa and europe, and the low frequency band in the VHF band of television. The length of the 2 nd capacitive coupling part located on the upper side is preferably 230 to 430mm, particularly preferably 264 to 344 mm.

In addition, in the 1 st capacitive coupling portion and the 2 nd capacitive coupling portion, the distance between the elements forming the capacitive coupling is preferably 5mm to 30mm, particularly preferably 10mm to 20 mm.

In the example shown in fig. 2 to 7 and 10 to 12 of the embodiment of the present invention, the 1 st capacitive coupling portion, the 2 nd capacitive coupling portion, the power feed connection cross member 21, and the upper cross member 26 are disposed on the left side of the connection longitudinal member 22 as viewed from the vehicle interior side or the vehicle exterior side.

Accordingly, the longitudinal connecting element 22 for adjusting the directivity is defined as a boundary, and the adjusting element 29 is disposed on the opposite side of the 1 st capacitive coupling portion and the 2 nd capacitive coupling portion. In this manner, by disposing the capacitive coupling and adjusting elements 29 separately, the length of the two capacitive coupling portions, the length of the power supply connection cross member 21, and the length of the upper cross member 26 can be secured to a necessary extent. By ensuring the lengths of the transverse elements 21, 23, 24, 26 extending substantially horizontally, the antenna gain of the frequency band L can be ensured and the antenna gain of the frequency band H can be improved.

Here, the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of the band H is represented as λ, the glass wavelength shortening ratio is represented as k, k is 0.64, and λ g is λ · k.

Specifically, the position of the longitudinal connecting element 22 is preferably set in a range of 0.13 λ g or less from the center of the rear window 60 in the right and left directions, because it is not directional when receiving the frequency band H. A more preferable range than this is a range of 0.04 λ g to 0.1 λ g from the left and right centers of the rear window glass 60.

Here, in the 2 nd antenna conductor 20, the connecting longitudinal element 22 for directivity adjustment extends in the longitudinal direction or substantially the longitudinal direction of the rear window glass 60. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be used as an antenna element for direction adjustment if at least 50% or more of the total conductor length (total length) of the connecting longitudinal element 22 and the upper longitudinal element 25 extends in the longitudinal direction or substantially the longitudinal direction of the rear window glass 60.

The conductor length of the portion of the longitudinal connecting element 22 extending in the longitudinal direction or substantially the longitudinal direction is preferably (λ g/53) to 600 mm. When the conductor length of this portion is equal to or longer than (λ g/53), the antenna gain for the frequency band H is preferably improved as compared with the case of being lower than (λ g/53).

Specifically, in order to correspond to the frequency band (76MHz to 108MHz) of the frequency band H of the present invention, the conductor length of the portion in which the total length of the connecting longitudinal element 22 and the upper longitudinal element 25 extends in the longitudinal direction or substantially the longitudinal direction is preferably 40mm to 600 mm. The conductor length of this portion is more preferably in the range of 50mm to 500mm, and particularly preferably in the range of 60mm to 400 mm.

In addition, when the total length of the connecting longitudinal member 22 and the upper longitudinal member 25 is 600mm or less, it is preferable because the size can be reduced as compared with the case where the total length exceeds 600 mm. A more preferable range of the conductor length in this portion is (λ g/41.7) to 500mm, and a particularly preferable range is (λ g/34.8) to 400 mm.

In the present invention, the spacing between the 1 st group of capacitive couplings and the 2 nd group of capacitive couplings, i.e. the average spacing between the 1 st transverse element 12 and the 4 th transverse element 24, is preferably between 10mm and 30mm, particularly preferably between 15mm and 20 mm.

Specifically, when the average interval is 10mm or more, the antenna gain is preferably improved as compared with the case of less than 10 mm. When the average interval is 30mm or less, the directivity is closer to nondirectional than the case of exceeding 30mm, and therefore, the average interval is preferable.

When the upper element (25+26) is provided at a predetermined length, the antenna gain is improved. Therefore, the upper elements are respectively provided with appropriate conductor lengths in consideration of the following path lengths (total lengths).

For example, when the length of the power supply section is not included, the path length from the power supply section to the tip of the upper transverse element 26 through the connection section 19, the power supply connection transverse element 21, the connection longitudinal element 22, the upper longitudinal element 25, and the connection transverse element 19 in this order is preferably in the range of (0.15+0.5n) λ g to (0.45+0.5n) λ g when n is an integer. The details and examples are described later.

The front end of the upper cross member 26 is not limited to the open end configuration, and may be bent or folded. For example, as shown in fig. 6, the front end of the upper transverse element 26 may also be folded back, that is, the upper transverse element 26 is folded back by the upper folding longitudinal element 261 and the upper folding transverse element 262 after extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the 3 rd transverse element 23, and extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the 1 st transverse element 12.

In this case, it is preferable to set the total length so that the above-mentioned elements (connecting portions)

The length of the upper folded longitudinal member 261 and the length of the upper folded transverse member 262 (the element length) in addition to the path length(s) is in the range of (0.15+0.5n) λ g to (0.45+0.5n) λ g.

< embodiment 2 >

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1A according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 shown in fig. 3 in the following points: the 2 nd antenna conductor 20A is not provided with the upper elements 25,26, but is instead provided with the lower elements 27, 28.

Specifically, in the present embodiment, a lower longitudinal member 27 and a lower transverse member 28 are provided as lower members on the lower side of the power supply connection cross member 21.

Here, the lower longitudinal member 27 is provided in the right region with the left and right center of the rear window 60 as a boundary when viewed from the vehicle interior side or the vehicle exterior side. The lower longitudinal element 27 extends in a longitudinal direction or substantially in a longitudinal direction. The end of the lower longitudinal element (1 st lower longitudinal element) 27 is connected to the lower transverse element 28.

In fig. 4, the lower cross member 28 disposed below the power feeding connection cross member 21 is described as an example in which one member is disposed, but a case in which a plurality of lower cross members are disposed may be used as a modification of the present embodiment depending on the size of the blank portion of the window glass.

In this case, in order to improve the antenna gain in the frequency band (76MHz to 108MHz) of the frequency band H, it is preferable that the antenna gain in the frequency band H can be improved when the interval between the plurality of lower elements arranged is 5mm to 25mm, particularly 10mm to 20 mm.

Further, as shown in fig. 5, as a constituent element of the lower element, a 2 nd lower vertical element 281 for forming a circuit by connecting to the power supply connection cross element 21 may be provided. Specifically, a 2 nd lower longitudinal element 281 is provided, one end of which is connected to the other end of the lower transverse element 28 and the other end of which is connected to the transverse element 21 for power supply connection. In this configuration, the power supply connection cross member 21, the lower vertical member 27, the lower cross member 28, and the lower vertical member 281 form a lower circuit. By forming the lower loop, the antenna gain of the frequency band H is improved.

When the lower element (27+28) is provided at a predetermined length, the antenna gain is improved. Therefore, the lower elements are respectively provided with appropriate conductor lengths in consideration of the following path lengths.

For example, when the length of the power supply portion is not included, the path length of the path from the power supply portion to the tip of the lower transverse element 28 through the connecting portion 19, the power supply connection transverse element 21, the lower longitudinal element 27, and the lower longitudinal element in this order is preferably in the range of 0.57 λ g to 0.62 λ g. The details and examples are described later.

In addition, the front end of the lower transverse element 28 is not limited to the configuration of the open end, and in the case where the circuit is formed as described above, it is preferable to set the total length so that the elements are arranged in the above-described manner

The length up to this point plus the length (element length) of the 2 nd lower longitudinal element 281 is in the range of 0.57 λ g to 0.62 λ g described above.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4 or 7, the front end may be folded back, that is, the lower cross member 28 is folded back by the lower bending longitudinal member 281 and the lower folding cross member 282 after extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the 3 rd cross member 23, and extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the 1 st cross member 12.

In this case, it is preferable to set the total length so that the elements are arranged

The length of the path up to this point plus the length of the lower bending longitudinal element 281 and the lower turn-back transverse element 282, which are bending elements, is in the range of 0.57 λ g to 0.62 λ g described above.

< embodiment 3 >

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1B according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

This embodiment has the following differences from embodiment 1 shown in fig. 3 and embodiment 2 shown in fig. 4: the 2 nd antenna conductor 20B is provided with both the upper elements 25,26 and the lower elements 27, 28.

The present embodiment can enjoy the following two advantages: the advantages obtained by providing the upper members 25,26 in the 1 st embodiment and the advantages obtained by providing the lower members 27,28 in the 2 nd embodiment.

In addition, as described in the embodiment described later, the upper element and the lower element are respectively set to appropriate conductor lengths so as to improve the antenna gain which periodically changes by the mutual influence of the upper element (25+26) and the lower element (27+ 28).

For example, when the lower element (27+28) is fixed to 440mm, the path length of the path from the power supply portion to the tip of the upper transverse element 26, passing through the connecting portion 19, the power supply connection transverse element 21, the connection longitudinal element 22, the upper longitudinal element 25, and the connecting portion 19 in this order, is preferably in the range of (0.15+0.5n) λ g to (0.45+0.5n) λ g when n is an integer. The details and examples are described later.

In the present embodiment, the front end of the upper cross member 26 is not limited to the configuration of the open end, and may be folded back. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, when the tip is folded back, the total length is preferably set so that the lower element (27+28) is fixed to 440mm, and the above-mentioned elements

The path length of (c) plus the lengths of the upper folded longitudinal element 261 and the upper folded transverse element 262 are in the range of (0.15+0.5n) λ g to (0.45+0.5n) λ g.

< embodiment 4 >

Fig. 6 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1C according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.

This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 shown in fig. 3 in the following points: loop forming elements 8 and 9 connected (short-circuited) to the 1 st antenna conductor 10C and the 2 nd antenna conductor 20C are also provided.

That is, as shown in fig. 6, the glass antenna 1C of the present embodiment has the upper elements 25,26 and the loop forming elements 8, 9.

In addition, two loop forming elements 8,9 are arranged in fig. 6. However, the 1 st loop forming element 8 for short-circuiting the power supply connection cross member 21 and the 1 st cross member 12 and the 2 nd loop forming element 9 for short-circuiting the 1 st cross member 12 and the 2 nd cross member 13 may not be provided, and at least one of them may be provided.

Here, the loop forming elements 8,9 extend substantially vertically, so that the element length of the loop forming elements 8,9 corresponds to the spacing of the substantially horizontally extending transverse element 21 for power supply connection and the 1 st transverse element 12, and the spacing of the 1 st transverse element 12 and the 2 nd transverse element 13.

Therefore, in order to improve the directivity of the frequency band H (76MHz to 108MHz) as described above, the element length of the loop forming elements 8 and 9 is preferably 5mm to 60mm, and particularly preferably 10mm to 40 mm.

< embodiment 5 >

Fig. 7 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1D according to embodiment 5 of the present invention.

This embodiment is different from embodiment 2 shown in fig. 4 in the following points: loop forming elements 8 and 9 connected (short-circuited) to the 1 st antenna conductor 10D and the 2 nd antenna conductor 20D are also provided. The loop forming elements 8,9 are constructed in the same manner as in embodiment 4 shown in fig. 6.

That is, as shown in fig. 7, the glass antenna 1D of the present embodiment has the lower elements 27,28 and the loop forming elements 8, 9.

< embodiment 6 >

Fig. 8 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1E according to embodiment 6 of the present invention.

This embodiment is different from embodiment 3 shown in fig. 5 in the following points: loop forming elements 8 and 9 connected (short-circuited) to the 1 st antenna conductor 10E and the 2 nd antenna conductor 20E are also provided. The loop forming elements 8,9 are constructed in the same manner as in embodiment 4 shown in fig. 6.

That is, as shown in fig. 8, the glass antenna 1E of the present embodiment includes upper elements 25,26, lower elements 27,28, and loop forming elements 8, 9.

< 7 th embodiment >

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1F according to embodiment 7 of the present invention.

The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 shown in fig. 2 and 3 mainly in the following points: the feeding section is divided into a 1 st feeding section 6 for a frequency band H higher than the frequency band L and a 2 nd feeding section 7 mainly for the frequency band L.

Specifically, in the present embodiment, the feeding connection longitudinal element 11F of the 1 st antenna conductor 10F is connected to the 1 st feeding portion 6. The feed connection transverse element 21F of the 2 nd antenna conductor 20F is not connected to the feed connection longitudinal element 11F, but is directly connected to the 2 nd feed portion 7.

The shortest distance D67 between the 1 st feeding part 6 and the 2 nd feeding part 7 is preferably 0.1mm to 200 mm. When the shortest distance is 0.1mm or more, the production is easier than the case of less than 0.1mm, and therefore, the shortest distance is preferable. If the shortest distance is 200mm or less, the mounting is more convenient than the case of exceeding 200mm, and therefore, this is preferable. A more preferable range of the shortest interval is 1mm to 100mm, and a particularly preferable range is 2mm to 50 mm.

In the example shown in fig. 9, the power supply connection cross member 21F is directly connected to the 2 nd power supply unit 7. However, the feeding-connection cross member 21F is not limited to this, and may be connected to the 2 nd feeding portion 7 by an arbitrary connection member (for example, a member not in contact with the 1 st antenna conductor 10). That is, the power supply connection cross member 21F may be electrically connected to the 2 nd power supply portion 7.

In addition, although the end portion (lower end) of the longitudinal connecting element 22 is connected to the adjusting element 29 in the embodiments 1 to 6, the portion other than the end portion of the longitudinal connecting element 22F is connected to the adjusting element 29F in the present embodiment shown in fig. 9.

In embodiment 7, when the upper element (25+26) is provided at a predetermined length, the antenna gain is improved. Therefore, the upper elements are respectively provided with appropriate conductor lengths in consideration of the following path lengths.

For example, when the length of the power supply section is not included, the path length from the power supply section to the tip of the upper transverse element 26 through the connection section 19, the power supply connection transverse element 21F, the connection longitudinal element 22F, the upper longitudinal element 25, and the connection longitudinal element 22 in this order is preferably in the range of (0.15+0.5n) λ g to (0.45+0.5n) λ g when n is an integer.

In addition, when the fold back is formed at the front end of the upper transverse element 26, it is preferable to set the total length so that the total length including the folded back portion is within the above range, as in embodiment 1.

< embodiment 8 >

Fig. 10 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1G according to embodiment 8 of the present invention. This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 shown in fig. 2 and 3 in the following points: the front end of the upper transverse element 26G is not an open end, but is turned back to the lower side.

As shown in fig. 10, the front end of the upper transverse element 26G is folded back downward, that is, after the upper transverse element 26G extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the 3 rd transverse element 23, the upper lower folding longitudinal element 261 and the upper lower folding transverse element 262 are folded back downward and extend in the same direction as the extending direction of the 1 st transverse element 12.

In this case, it is preferable to set the total length so that the elements (connecting portions) are arranged in the same direction

The path length of (2) is in the range of (0.15+0.5n) λ g to (0.45+0.5n) λ g.

In order to improve the antenna gain in the frequency band (76MHz to 108MHz) of the frequency band H, it is preferable that the length of the upper and lower bending elements 261, which is the distance between the upper and lower folding cross elements 262 and 26G, is 5mm to 25mm, particularly 10mm to 20mm, because the antenna gain in the frequency band H can be improved.

Similarly, if the distance between the upper transverse element 26G and the 2 nd transverse element 13 of the 1 st antenna conductor 10 is 5mm to 25mm, particularly 10mm to 20mm, the antenna gain in the frequency band H can be improved, which is preferable.

In fig. 10, the upper cross member 26G may be bent within a short distance (japanese: hand で) as shown in fig. 6 by extending the upper and lower bending vertical members 261 downward after extending to a position above the power supply unit 5 and the power supply connection vertical member 11. In addition, the upper and lower folding cross member 262 may not be provided.

< embodiment 9 >

Fig. 11 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1H according to embodiment 9 of the present invention. This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 shown in fig. 2 and 3 in the following points: the front end of the upper transverse element 26H is not an open end, but is turned back to the upper side.

As shown in fig. 11, the front end of the upper cross member 26H is folded back upward, that is, after the upper cross member 26H extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the 3 rd cross member 23, the upper folded-back cross member 264 is folded back upward by the upper folded-up longitudinal member 263 and the upper folded-back cross member 264, and extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the 1 st cross member 12.

In this case, it is preferable to set the total length so that the elements (connecting portions) are arranged in the same direction

The path length of (2) is in the range of (0.15+0.5n) λ g to (0.45+0.5n) λ g.

In order to improve the antenna gain in the frequency band (76MHz to 108MHz) of the frequency band H, it is preferable that the length of the upper bent element 263, which is a distance between the upper transverse element 26H and the upper folded transverse element 264, is 5mm to 25mm, particularly 10mm to 20mm, since the antenna gain in the frequency band H can be improved.

Similarly, if the distance between the upper-folded transverse element 264 and the 2 nd transverse element 13 of the 1 st antenna conductor 10 is 5mm to 25mm, particularly 10mm to 20mm, the antenna gain of the frequency band H can be improved, which is preferable.

In fig. 11, the upper cross member 26H extends to a position above the power supply unit 5 and the power supply connection longitudinal member 11, and then extends upward by the upper bending longitudinal member 263, and may be bent within a short distance (japanese: hand で). In addition, the upper turn-up cross member 264 may not be provided.

< 10 th embodiment >

Fig. 12 is a plan view of a glass antenna 1I according to embodiment 10 of the present invention. This embodiment has the following differences from embodiment 8 shown in fig. 10: the lower end of the upper longitudinal member 25I is not connected to the other end of the connecting longitudinal member 22 but is connected to the 4 th transverse member 24.

As shown in fig. 12, the upper longitudinal member 25I is connected to the 4 th transverse member 24 and extends upward, and one end of the upper transverse member 26I is connected to the upper end of the upper longitudinal member 25I configured as above and is located halfway above the 4 th transverse member 24. Then, after the upper cross member 26I extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the 3 rd cross member 23 from the position, it is folded back downward by the upper lower folded longitudinal member 265 and the upper lower folded cross member 266 to extend in the same direction as the extending direction of the 1 st cross member 12.

In this case, the longest path length from the feeding portion of the antenna element further includes the length (distance D25) of the 4 th transverse element 24 from the upper end of the connecting longitudinal element 22 to the lower end of the upper longitudinal element 25I. In this case, it is preferable to set the total length so that the elements (connecting portions) are arranged in the same direction

The path length of (2) is in the range of (0.15+0.5n) λ g to (0.45+0.5n) λ g.

In order to improve the antenna gain in the frequency band (76MHz to 108MHz) of the frequency band H, it is preferable that the length of the upper bending element 265, which is the distance between the upper folding cross element 266 and the upper cross element 26I, is 5mm to 25mm, particularly 10mm to 20mm, since the antenna gain in the frequency band H can be improved.

Similarly, if the distance between the upper transverse element 26I and the 2 nd transverse element 13 of the 1 st antenna conductor 10 is 5mm to 25mm, particularly 10mm to 20mm, the antenna gain in the frequency band H can be improved, which is preferable.

In fig. 12, the upper cross member 26I may be bent within a short distance (japanese: hand で) as shown in fig. 6 by extending the upper vertical bending member 265 downward after extending to a position above the power feeding portion 5 and the vertical power feeding connecting member 11. In addition, the upper turn-up cross member 266 may not be provided.

In addition, the upper longitudinal member 25I differs in the starting point (lower end) from the upper end of the connecting longitudinal member 22, and the range in which the starting point of the upper longitudinal member 25I can move (the distance D25 to separate) is a range in which the upper longitudinal member 25I does not contact the 2 nd transverse member 13, and it is particularly preferable to dispose the upper longitudinal member 25I at a position separated from the end portion of the 2 nd transverse member 13 by 5mm or more.

< modification of the entirety >

The 1 st antenna conductor 10, the 2 nd antenna conductor 20, the feeding portion 5, the 1 st feeding portion 6, the 2 nd feeding portion 7, and the defogger 40 are generally formed by printing a paste containing a conductive metal such as a silver paste on the vehicle interior surface of the rear window glass 60 and sintering the paste. However, the method of forming the rear window 60 is not limited to this, and a linear body or a foil body containing a conductive material such as copper may be formed on the vehicle interior side surface or the vehicle exterior side surface of the rear window 60, or may be provided inside the rear window 60 itself. Further, a synthetic resin film having a conductor layer provided therein or on the surface thereof may be formed on the vehicle interior side surface or the vehicle exterior side surface of the rear window glass 60 as the 1 st antenna conductor 10, the 2 nd antenna conductor 20, and the like.

In the present invention, a shielding film may be formed on the surface of the rear window glass 60, and at least one selected from the group consisting of the L-antenna conductor, the feeding portion 5, the 1 st feeding portion 6, and the 2 nd feeding portion 7 may be provided on the shielding film. The shielding film may be a ceramic such as a black ceramic film.

Here, since the vehicle is a moving body, it is preferable to provide a plurality of antennas and to have a radio wave selection capability (diversity reception by cooperative operation) capable of switching to any one antenna having a good reception sensitivity depending on the location.

Therefore, in the present invention, the auxiliary antenna for the equivalent reception band L and the frequency band H can be provided on the window glass 60. As such, by providing the auxiliary antenna to the window glass 60, an effect of improving the reception performance by switching of the antenna can be obtained. In addition, the glass antenna and the auxiliary antenna may operate in cooperation to perform diversity reception. The auxiliary antenna may also receive at least one of a frequency band L and a frequency band H.

In addition, the glass antenna of the present invention and other portions (e.g., windshield glass, shark fin, spoiler) may be provided with auxiliary antennas so as to be switchable with each other.

In addition, a different antenna for receiving a different frequency, for example, a broadcast (DAB or the like) higher than the frequency band H may be provided on the rear window. In this case, when a different type of antenna is provided on the rear window glass, it is preferably provided above the adjusting element 29, that is, on the side (right side in fig. 2) away from the feeding section 5 with respect to the longitudinal connecting element 22.

The glass antenna of the present invention can be used to adjust the reception characteristics of high frequency broadcasting (DAB) in the case where different kinds of antennas are provided.

The glass antenna and the window glass have been described above by way of a plurality of embodiment examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment examples. Various modifications and improvements such as combinations and substitutions of a part or all of the other embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention.

< example >

[ example 1]

Using the rear window 60 of the automobile, automobile glass antennas having different lengths (L25+ L26(+ L261+ L262)) of the upper elements 25 and 26 in the 1 st embodiment of fig. 3 and the 8 th embodiment of fig. 10 were produced. Here, the frequency-antenna gain characteristics at different antenna lengths were measured, and the average characteristics were calculated. In this embodiment, unlike the later-described 5 th embodiment, the lower element is not provided.

From the observation of the automobile, the antenna gain was measured every 3 ° in an electric field of 60dB μ V/m of 0 to 360 ° in the horizontal direction. Although there are 11 heating wires 42 in the overall diagram of fig. 2, there are 14 heating wires 42 in the measurement.

In this embodiment, the average antenna gain of 0 to 360 ° is used. In the present example, these measurement conditions are also the same in fig. 13 to 32.

The dimensions of each part of the glass antenna 1 according to embodiment 1 (and embodiment 8) shown in fig. 3 (fig. 10) are as follows. L denotes a conductor length of each element.

The distance between the facing elements forming the 1 st capacitive coupling and the 2 nd capacitive coupling was 10mm, and the angle of the smaller one of the angles formed by the rear window glass 60 and the horizontal direction was 24.4 °.

The size of the feeding portion was 27mm in length, × mm in width, and 14mm in width, and the line width of each element was 0.8 mm.

Further, the glass antenna 1 of the rear window 60 is disposed as follows (see fig. 2 and 4). D1 is the distance between the side edge 61s of the vehicle body opening edge (edge of the rear window glass) 61 and the power supply connection longitudinal member 11, D2 is the distance between the upper edge 61u of the vehicle body opening edge 61 and the 2 nd cross member 13, and D4 is the distance between the heating wire 42u located at the uppermost portion and the lower cross member 28. Ww is the lateral width of the rear window glass 60, and Wh is the longitudinal width of the rear window glass 60.

In this embodiment, the length of the upper element of the glass antenna (L25+ L26(+ L261+ L262)) is changed in 16 cases of 0 (none), 145, 245, 345, 445, 545, 645, 745, 845, 945, 1045, 1145, 1245, 1345, 1445, and 1545.

Based on these lengths, when wavelength conversion is performed under the conditions that the shortening factor k is 0.64 and the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of 92MHz in the frequency band H is λ and λ g is λ · k, the antenna length from the power feeding unit 5 (the total length of the paths) corresponds to 0.40, 0.47, 0.52, 0.57, 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.04, 1.09, and 1.14 λ g.

Specifically, the antenna length is defined as the total length from the "feeding section" to the "element tip" (L19+ L21+ L22+ L25+ L26(+ L261+ L262)). The starting point of the graphs of FIGS. 13 and 14 was 835mm (L19: 5mm + L21: 770mm + L22: 60mm) and 0.40. lambda.g.

In the present example, as shown in fig. 10, the dimension when the length of the upper element (L25G + L26G + L261+ L262) was 1545mm in the longest case among the measurement results is as follows.

L25G：40mm

L26G：770mm

L261：10mm

L262：725mm。

Fig. 13 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the direction shown in fig. 10 in the configuration of fig. 3 having the upper element. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the upper element is bent downward when extended.

Fig. 14 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the direction shown in fig. 10 in the configuration of fig. 3 having the upper element.

As is clear from fig. 13 and 14, the range of 0.65 λ g to 0.95 λ g is more effective than the case without the upper element (left end of the graph).

Further, as is clear from the right side of the graph, the gain is also improved for a length of 1.05 λ g or more. Therefore, in the graphs of fig. 13 and 14, the gain is improved at least in the range of 0.65 λ g to 0.95 λ g and in the range of 1.05 λ g, and it is understood that the characteristic changes periodically (approximately every 0.5 λ g in one example) depending on the antenna length (the total length of the above paths).

Of the ranges having such an effect, the range of, for example, 0.70 λ g, that is, the range of 640mm (L25G: 40mm + L26G: 600mm, no fold back) in the length of the upper element is particularly preferable.

[ example 2]

Using the rear window 60 of the automobile, automobile glass antennas having different lengths (L25H + L26H (+ L263+ L264)) of the upper elements 25 and 26 in the 1 st embodiment of fig. 3 and the 9 th embodiment of fig. 11 were produced. Here, the frequency-antenna gain characteristics at different antenna lengths were measured, and the average characteristics were calculated.

In this embodiment, the length of the upper element of the glass antenna (L25H + L26H (+ L263+ L264)) is changed to 16 cases of 0 (none), 145, 245, 345, 445, 545, 645, 745, 845, 945, 1045, 1145, 1245, 1345, 1445, and 1545.

Based on these lengths, when wavelength conversion is performed under the conditions that the shortening factor k is 0.64 and the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of 92MHz in the frequency band H is λ and λ g is λ · k, the antenna length from the power feeding unit 5 (the total length of the paths) corresponds to 0.40, 0.47, 0.52, 0.57, 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.04, 1.09, and 1.14 λ g.

Specifically, the antenna length is defined as the total length from the "feeding section" to the "element tip" (L19+ L21+ L22+ L25H + L26H (+ L263+ L264)). The starting point of the graphs of FIGS. 15 and 16 was 835mm (L19: 5mm + L21: 770mm + L22: 60mm) and 0.40. lambda.g.

In the present example, as shown in fig. 11, the dimension when the length of the upper element (L25H + L26H + L265+ L266) is 1545mm in the longest case among the measurement results is as follows.

L25H：30mm

L26H：770mm

L263：10mm

L264：735mm。

Fig. 15 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed upward as shown in fig. 11 in the configuration of fig. 3 having the upper element. In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the upper element is bent upward when extended.

Fig. 16 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed upward as shown in fig. 11 in the configuration of fig. 3 having the upper element.

As is clear from fig. 15 and 16, the range of 0.65 λ g to 0.95 λ g is more effective than the case without the upper element (left end of the graph).

Further, as is clear from the right side of the graph, the gain is also improved for a length of 1.10 λ g or more. Therefore, in the graphs of fig. 15 and 16, gains are improved at least in the range of 0.65 λ g to 0.95 λ g and in the range of 1.10 λ g, and it is understood that the characteristics change periodically (approximately every 0.5 λ g in one example) depending on the antenna length (the total length of the above paths).

Of the ranges having such an effect, the range of, for example, 0.66 λ g, that is, the range of 540mm (L25H: 30mm + L26H: 510mm, no fold back) of the length of the upper element is particularly preferable.

[ example 3]

Using the rear window 60 of the automobile, automobile glass antennas having different lengths (L25I + L26I + L265+ L266) of the upper element of the 10 th embodiment of fig. 12 were produced. Here, the frequency-antenna gain characteristics at different antenna lengths were measured, and the average characteristics were calculated.

In this embodiment, the length of the upper element of the glass antenna (L25I + L26I + L265+ L266) is changed to 15 cases of 0 (none), 45, 145, 245, 345, 445, 545, 645, 745, 845, 945, 1045, 1145, 1245, and 1345 mm.

Based on these lengths, when wavelength conversion is performed under the conditions that the shortening factor k is 0.64 and the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of 92MHz in the frequency band H is λ and λ g is λ · k, the antenna length from the power feeding unit 5 (the total length of the paths) corresponds to 0.40, 0.47, 0.52, 0.57, 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.04, and 1.09 λ g.

Specifically, the antenna length is defined as the total length from the "feeding section" to the "element tip" (L19+ L21+ L22+ D25+ L25I +26I +265+266), and the starting point of both figures is 835mm (L19: 5mm + L21: 770mm + L22: 60mm) (-0.40 λ g). Further, the distance D25 is 100 mm. Therefore, when the antenna length exceeds 935mm (835mm +100mm), the distance D25 is also included in the antenna length. For example, in the case of 0.47 λ g, the length 835mm from the start point and the distance 100mm from D25 in the antenna length are subtracted, and the length of the upper element is 45 mm.

In the present example, as shown in fig. 12, the dimension when the length of the upper element (L25I + L26I + L265+ L266) is 1345mm in the longest measurement result obtained by bending the upper element downward when extending is as follows.

L25I：40mm

L26I：670mm

L265：10mm

L266：625mm。

Fig. 17 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the configuration of fig. 12 in which the starting point of the upper element is different. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 12, the upper element is bent downward when extended.

Fig. 18 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the upper element is changed in the configuration of fig. 12 in which the starting point of the upper element is different.

As is clear from fig. 17 and 18, the range of 0.4 λ g to 0.55 λ g and 0.70 λ g to 1.00 λ g is effective as compared with the case where the upper element is not provided (left end of the graph). Further, since the distance D25 and the position of the upper antenna element are shifted to the feeding unit side, the range of good gain differs from that of embodiment 1 shown in the figure.

Accordingly, in the graphs of fig. 17 and 18, the gain is improved at least in the range of 0.4 λ g to 0.55 λ g and in the range of 0.70 λ g to 1.00 λ g, and it is understood that the characteristic changes periodically (approximately every 0.4 λ g to 0.5 λ g in one example) according to the antenna length (the total length of the paths).

In this effective range, the length of the upper element is preferably 640mm (L25I: 40mm + L26I: 600mm, no fold back), that is, the total length of the upper element and the distance D25 is 740mm, which is in the vicinity of 0.71 λ g as shown in the graphs of fig. 17 and 18.

As can be seen from this, in examples 1 to 3, the gain is improved as compared with the structure of the comparative example by adding the upper element having an appropriate length.

[ example 4]

Glass antennas having different lengths (L27+ L28) of the lower elements 27 and 28 in the configuration of embodiment 2 of fig. 4 were produced using the rear window 60 of the automobile. Here, the frequency-antenna gain characteristics at different antenna lengths (total length of predetermined paths) were measured, and the average characteristics were calculated.

In the present embodiment, the length of the lower element of the glass antenna (L27+ L28) is changed in 8 cases of 0 (none), 30, 80, 130, 240, 440, 540, and 640 mm.

Further, based on these lengths, when calculating the conditions that the shortening factor k is 0.64 and the wavelengths λ and λ g in the air at the center frequency 92MHz of the band H of 76MHz to 108MHz are λ · k, the antenna lengths from the power feeding unit 5 (the total length of the above paths) are converted into wavelengths, which correspond to 0.36, 0.39, 0.41, 0.43, 0.49, 0.58, 0.63, and 0.68 λ g.

Specifically, the antenna length is defined as the length from the "feeding section" to the "element tip" (L19+ L21+ L27+ L28), and the starting point of the graphs in fig. 19 and 20 is 775mm (L19: 5mm + L21: 770mm), which is 0.36 λ g.

Fig. 19 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the lower element is changed in the configuration of embodiment 2 of fig. 4.

Fig. 20 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the length of the lower element is changed in the configuration of fig. 4.

As is clear from fig. 19 and 20, if the conductor length of the lower element is set to a total length of 0.57 λ g to 0.62 λ g, the gain is improved as compared with the case where the lower element is not provided (left end of the graph).

Since the graphs of fig. 19 and 20 show periodic changes such as trigonometric functions, it is assumed that the gain is again increased in the frequency band of 0.7 λ g or more.

In this effective range, the length of the lower element is particularly preferably in the vicinity of 0.59. lambda.g, i.e.in the vicinity of 460mm (L27: 40mm + L28: 420 mm).

As can be seen from this, in example 4, the lower element having an appropriate length is added, so that the gain is improved as compared with the structure of the comparative example.

[ example 5]

Using the rear window 60 of the automobile, the automobile glass antenna was manufactured in which the lengths (L27+ L28) of the lower elements 27,28 were fixed and the lengths (L25+ L26) of the upper elements 25,26 were different from each other in the length (L25+ L26) in embodiment 3 of fig. 5. Here, the frequency-antenna gain characteristics at different antenna lengths were measured, and the average characteristics were calculated.

In embodiment 3, the lower members 27,28 are fixed in size

L27：40mm

L28：420mm。

The dimensions of the other structures are the same as those described in embodiment 1 above.

In this example, the length (L25+ L26) of the upper element of the glass antenna was changed to 16 cases of 0 (none), 145, 245, 345, 445, 545, 645, 745, 845, 945, 1045, 1145, 1245, 1345, 1445, and 1545, as in example 1. In addition, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the upper element is bent when extended.

Based on these lengths, when wavelength conversion is performed under the conditions that the shortening factor k is 0.64 and the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of 92MHz in the frequency band H is λ and λ g is λ · k, the antenna length from the power feeding unit 5 (the total length of the paths) corresponds to 0.40, 0.47, 0.52, 0.57, 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.04, 1.09, and 1.14 λ g.

Specifically, the antenna length is defined as the total length from the "feeding section" to the "element tip" (L19+ L21+ L22+ L25+ L26). The starting point of the graphs of FIGS. 21 and 22 was 835mm (L19: 5mm + L21: 770mm + L22: 60mm) and 0.40. lambda.g.

Fig. 21 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of horizontally polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the lower element is fixed to an appropriate length and the length of the upper element is changed in embodiment 3.

Fig. 22 is a graph showing the average antenna gain of vertically polarized waves in the entire frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz when the lower element is fixed to an appropriate length and the length of the upper element is changed in embodiment 3.

As is clear from fig. 21 and 22, the range of 0.65 λ g to 0.95 λ g is more effective than the case without the upper element (left end of the graph).

Further, as is clear from the right side of the graph, the gain is also improved for a length of 1.15 λ g or more. Therefore, in the graphs of fig. 21 and 22, the gain is improved at least in the range of 0.65 λ g to 0.95 λ g and the range of 1.15 λ g, and it is understood that the characteristic changes periodically (every 0.5 λ g in one example) depending on the antenna length (the total length of the above paths).

Of the range having such an effect, particularly preferably in the vicinity of 0.70. lambda.g, i.e., in the vicinity of 640mm (L25: 40mm + L26: 600mm) in length of the upper element.

As is clear from example 5, the gain is improved by adding an appropriate upper element to the structure of embodiment 2 as compared with example 4.

Further, as is clear from comparison between example 5 and example 1, the gain change caused by the length of the added upper element is also the same in the case where the lower element is provided.

[ example 6]

Glass antennas having the configurations shown in embodiment 1 of fig. 3 and comparative example of fig. 1 were manufactured using a rear window glass 60 of an automobile, and the frequency-antenna gain characteristics of embodiment 1 and comparative example were measured.

The comparative example is substantially the same in size as embodiment 1, and only has a difference that the upper members (25,26) are not provided. The feeding portion 55 is located above the feeding-connection-purpose transverse element 21 shown in fig. 2, and the length of the element 51a corresponding to the feeding-connection-purpose longitudinal element 11 in the longitudinal direction is 60mm shorter than that in fig. 2.

Here, considering the results of embodiment 1, the upper members 25,26 of the present embodiment are sized to be

L25：40mm

L26：600mm。

Other dimensions were the same as in example 1.

Fig. 23 is a graph showing antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element shown in fig. 3 with the comparative example.

Fig. 24 is a graph showing antenna gains of vertically polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element shown in fig. 3 with the comparative example.

As is clear from the tendency of the graphs of fig. 23 and 24, the decrease in the antenna gain of embodiment 1 is eliminated and the gain is improved with respect to the antenna gain of the comparative example, particularly in the low gain band of 76MHz to 96MHz and the gain reduction band of 100MHz to 104 MHz.

This makes it possible to cover not only the FM broadcast band (88MHz to 108MHz) in usa and europe, but also the FM band (76MHz to 90MHz) in japan, and thus to cope with a wide band.

In the horizontally polarized wave shown in fig. 23, the average gain of the total band of the configuration of the comparative example was 53.1dB μ V, and the average gain of the total band of the configuration having the upper element was 54.1dB μ V.

With respect to the vertically polarized wave shown in fig. 24, the average gain of the total band of the configuration of the comparative example was 56.6dB μ V, and the average gain of the total band of the configuration having the upper element was 58.0dB μ V.

Therefore, by providing the upper element, the antenna characteristics of the total frequency band of embodiment 1 are improved compared to the comparative example.

[ example 7]

Glass antennas having the configurations shown in embodiment 2 of fig. 4 and comparative example of fig. 1 were manufactured using a rear window glass 60 of an automobile, and the frequency-antenna gain characteristics of embodiment 2 and comparative example were measured.

Here, considering the results of embodiment 1, the lower members 27,28 of the present embodiment are sized to

L27：40mm

L28：420mm。

Other dimensions were the same as in example 1.

Fig. 25 is a graph showing antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the lower element shown in fig. 4 with the comparative example.

Fig. 26 is a graph showing antenna gains of vertically polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the lower element with the comparative example.

As is clear from the tendency of the graphs of fig. 25 and 26, the gain is improved particularly in the low gain band of 76MHz to 96MHz and the band of 104MHz to 108 MHz. This makes it possible to cover not only the FM broadcast band (88MHz to 108MHz) in usa and europe, but also the FM band (76MHz to 90MHz) in japan, and thus to cope with a wide band.

In the horizontally polarized wave shown in fig. 25, the average gain of the total band of the configuration of the comparative example was 53.1dB μ V, and the average gain of the total band of the configuration having the lower element was 53.8dB μ V.

With respect to the vertically polarized wave shown in fig. 26, the average gain of the total band constituted by the comparative example was 56.6dB μ V, and the average gain of the total band constituted by the lower element was 57.6dB μ V.

Therefore, by providing the lower element, the antenna characteristics of the total frequency band of embodiment 2 are improved relative to the comparative example.

[ example 8]

Glass antennas having the configurations shown in embodiment 3 and embodiment 2 of fig. 5 were manufactured using a rear window glass 60 of an automobile, and the frequency-antenna gain characteristics of embodiment 3 and embodiment 2 were measured. In embodiment 3, the dimensions of the structure are the same as in embodiments 6 and 7 described above.

As described above, the glass antenna having the lower element and the glass antenna 50 of the comparative example shown in fig. 1 were compared, and it was confirmed that the addition of the upper element having a predetermined length has an effect of improving the gain.

Fig. 27 is a graph showing antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element and the lower element shown in fig. 5 with the configuration having the lower element shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 28 is a graph showing antenna gains for vertically polarized waves in frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element and the lower element shown in fig. 5 with the configuration having the lower element shown in fig. 4.

As can be seen from the graphs of fig. 27 and 28, particularly in the gain reduction band of 100MHz to 104MHz, the gain reduction is eliminated and improved. This makes it possible to cover not only the FM band (76MHz to 90MHz) in japan, but also the FM broadcast band (88MHz to 108MHz) in usa and europe, for example, and to cope with a wide band.

In the horizontally polarized wave shown in fig. 27, the average gain of the total band of the configuration of embodiment 2 in fig. 4 is 53.8dB μ V, and the average gain of the total band of the configuration of embodiment 3 in fig. 5 is 54.6dB μ V.

Regarding the vertically polarized wave shown in fig. 28, the average gain of the total band of the configuration of embodiment 2 in fig. 4 is 57.6dB μ V, and the average gain of the total band of the configuration of embodiment 3 in fig. 5 is 58.5dB μ V.

As is clear from the comparison, by providing both the lower element and the upper element having appropriate lengths, the antenna characteristics of the total frequency band are improved as compared with the configuration having only the lower element.

[ example 9]

Glass antennas having the configurations of embodiment 5 of fig. 7 and embodiment 2 of fig. 4 were manufactured using a rear window glass 60 of an automobile, and the frequency-antenna gain characteristics of embodiment 5 and embodiment 2 were measured.

In the 5 th embodiment, the loop forming elements 8,9 have the size

L8：40mm

L9：40mm。

The dimensions of the other structures are the same as those in embodiment 1, embodiment 6, and embodiment 7 described above.

Fig. 29 is a graph showing antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the lower element and the loop forming element shown in fig. 7 with the configuration having the lower element shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 30 is a graph showing antenna gains for vertically polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the lower element and the loop forming element shown in fig. 7 with the configuration having the lower element shown in fig. 4.

As is clear from the graphs of fig. 29 and 30, particularly in the gain reduction band of 100MHz to 104MHz and 104MHz to 108MHz, the gain reduction is cancelled and improved. This makes it possible to cover not only the FM band (76MHz to 90MHz) in japan, but also the FM broadcast band (88MHz to 108MHz) in usa and europe, for example, and to cope with a wide band.

Regarding the horizontally polarized waves shown in fig. 29, the average gain of the total band of the configuration of embodiment 2 of fig. 4 is 53.8dB μ V, and the average gain of the total band of the configuration of embodiment 5 of fig. 7 is 54.7dB μ V.

Regarding the vertically polarized wave shown in fig. 30, the average gain of the total band of the configuration of embodiment 2 of fig. 4 is 57.6dB μ V, and the average gain of the total band of the configuration of embodiment 5 of fig. 7 is 58.4dB μ V.

As is clear from the comparison, by providing both the loop forming element and the lower element, the antenna characteristics of the total frequency band are improved as compared with the configuration having only the lower element.

[ example 10]

Glass antennas having the configurations shown in embodiment 6 of fig. 8 and comparative example of fig. 1 were manufactured using a rear window glass 60 of an automobile, and the frequency-antenna gain characteristics of embodiment 6 and comparative example were measured.

The dimensions of the structure of embodiment 6 are the same as those of embodiments 1, 6, 7 and 9 described above.

Fig. 31 is a graph showing antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element, the lower element, and the loop forming element shown in fig. 8 with the comparative example.

Fig. 32 is a graph showing antenna gains of vertically polarized waves in respective frequency bands of 76MHz to 108MHz, comparing the configuration having the upper element, the lower element, and the loop forming element shown in fig. 8 with the comparative example.

As is clear from the graphs of fig. 31 and 32, particularly in the gain reduction band of 100MHz to 104MHz, the gain reduction is cancelled and improved, and the gain in the low gain band of 76MHz to 96MHz is improved. This makes it possible to sufficiently cover both the FM band (76MHz to 90MHz) in japan and the FM broadcast band (88MHz to 108MHz) in usa and europe, for example, and to cope with a wide frequency band.

Regarding the horizontally polarized wave shown in fig. 31, the average gain of the total band of the configuration of the comparative example in fig. 1 is 53.1dB μ V, and the average gain of the total band of the configuration of embodiment 6 in fig. 8 is 55.0dB μ V.

Regarding the horizontally polarized waves shown in fig. 32, the average gain of the total band of the configuration of the comparative example in fig. 1 is 56.6dB μ V, and the average gain of the total band of the configuration of embodiment 6 in fig. 8 is 58.8dB μ V.

It was found that by providing the upper element, the lower element, and the circuit forming element, the overall gain of both the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized wave is improved and the frequency characteristics are improved as compared with the configuration of the comparative example shown in fig. 1.

Table 1 shows a summary of comparison of antenna gains of horizontally polarized waves in examples 6 to 10. Table 2 shows a comparison of antenna gains of vertically polarized waves in examples 6 to 10.

[ Table 1]

◆ antenna gain list (horizontal polarized wave) [ dB [ mu ] V ]

[ Table 2]

◆ antenna gain list (vertically polarized wave) [ dB [ mu ] V ]

As shown in table 1, the average gain of the horizontally polarized waves of the frequency band H was 53.1dB μ V in the comparative example, 54.1dB μ V in embodiment 1, 53.8dB μ V in embodiment 2, 54.6dB μ V in embodiment 3, 54.7dB μ V in embodiment 5, and 55.0dB μ V in embodiment 6.

As shown in table 2, the average gain of the vertically polarized waves of the frequency band H was 56.6dB μ V in the comparative example, 58.0dB μ V in embodiment 1, 57.6dB μ V in embodiment 2, 58.5dB μ V in embodiment 3, 58.4dB μ V in embodiment 5, and 58.8dB μ V in embodiment 6.

Therefore, in the present invention, by providing the lower element, the upper element, the loop forming element, and a combination thereof, the gain is improved and a wide band can be covered, as compared with the comparative example.

Possibility of industrial utilization

The invention is mainly used for AM broadcast band (MW band) (520 kHz-1700 kHz) (520kHz in New Zealand), long wave broadcast band (LW band) (150 kHz-280 kHz), short wave broadcast band (SW band) (2.3 MHz-26.1 MHz), FM broadcast band (76 MHz-95 MHz) in Japan, and FM broadcast band (88 MHz-108 MHz) in America and Europe. Further, the present invention is also used for adjustment of terrestrial digital television broadcasting (473MHz to 767MHz), U.S. digital television broadcasting (698MHz to 806MHz), North America and Europe TV VHF bands (45MHz to 86MHz and 175MHz to 225MHz), digital radio broadcasting (DAB: 170MHz to 240MHz and 1450MHz to 1490MHz), 800MHz band (810MHz to 960MHz) for car phones, UHF band (300MHz to 3GHz), Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC: reduced Short Range Communication (915 MHz band), keyless entry system (300MHz to 450MHz) for automobiles, and the like.

Description of the symbols

1,1A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1F glass antenna (glass antenna for vehicle)

5 Power supply part

6 st power supply part

7 nd 2 nd power supply part

8 st loop forming element

9 nd 2 nd loop forming element

10,10C,10F 1 st antenna conductor

11 longitudinal element for power supply connection

12 st transverse element

13 nd 2 transverse element

20,20A,20B,20C,20D,20E,20F antenna conductor 2

21 cross member for power supply connection

Longitudinal element for 22,22F connection

23 rd 3 transverse element

24 th transverse element

25,25G,25H,25I Upper longitudinal element (Upper element)

26,26G,25H,26I Upper transverse element (Upper element)

261,265 longitudinal element with upper and lower bends

262,266 fold over and down the transverse element

263 upper bending longitudinal element

262 upward turn-back transverse element

27 lower longitudinal element (lower element, 1 st lower longitudinal element)

28 lower transverse element (lower element)

281 nd 2 lower longitudinal element (lower bending longitudinal element)

282 lower turn-back cross member

29,29F adjusting element

40 demister

41a,41b bus bar

42 heating wire

60 rear window glass (rear window glass)

61 open edge of vehicle body (outer peripheral edge of rear window glass)

61u vehicle body opening edge upper edge part (rear window glass upper edge part)

61s side edge of vehicle body opening edge (side edge of rear window glass)

k short shrinkage factor (0.64)

Wavelength in air at center frequency of λ received band (wavelength in air at 92 MHz)

λg λxk

Claims (14)

1. A glass antenna for a vehicle, which is provided in the vicinity of the upper edge of a window glass for a vehicle and receives 2 kinds of frequency bands,

the glass antenna comprises a feeding part, a 1 st antenna conductor and a 2 nd antenna conductor,

the 1 st antenna conductor is provided with

A power supply connection vertical element having one end connected to the power supply portion and extending upward from the power supply portion,

a 1 st transverse element having one end connected to the power supply part or the longitudinal element for power supply connection and extending substantially horizontally from the power supply part in a direction away from the power supply part, an

A 2 nd transverse element located above the 1 st transverse element, having one end connected to the power supply connection longitudinal element and extending in the same direction as the 1 st transverse element,

the 2 nd antenna conductor is provided with

A power supply connection cross member having one end connected to the power supply portion or the power supply connection longitudinal member and extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the 1 st cross member,

a longitudinal connecting member having one end connected to the other end of the transverse power supply connecting member and extending upward,

a 3 rd transverse element having one end connected to the longitudinal connecting element and extending substantially horizontally in a direction approaching the power supply portion,

a 4 th transverse element located above the 3 rd transverse element, connected at one end to the connecting longitudinal element and extending in the same direction as the 3 rd transverse element,

an upper longitudinal member having one end connected to the other end of the connecting longitudinal member or the 4 th transverse member and extending upward,

an upper transverse element connected at one end to said upper longitudinal element and extending in the same direction as the direction of extension of said 3 rd transverse element,

a 1 st lower longitudinal member having one end connected to the power supply connection cross member and extending downward, and

a lower transverse element connected to the other end of said 1 st lower longitudinal element and extending in the same direction as the direction of extension of said 3 rd transverse element,

said 1 st transverse element and said 3 rd transverse element being adjacent to each other and capacitively coupled, thereby constituting a 1 st capacitive coupling portion,

said 2 nd transverse element and said 4 th transverse element being adjacent to each other and capacitively coupled, thereby constituting a 2 nd capacitive coupling portion,

the upper transverse element is located above the 2 nd capacitive coupling,

when the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of one of the 2 types of frequency bands is λ, and the glass-wavelength reduction ratio is k, λ g ═ λ · k, and n is an integer, and when the length of the power supply section is not included, the total length of the path from the power supply section to the tip of the power supply connection transverse element, the connection longitudinal element, the upper longitudinal element, and the upper transverse element, or the sum of the path length and the element length up to the terminal of the turn back of the upper transverse element, is in the range of (0.15+0.5n) λ g to (0.45+0.5n) λ g.

2. The glass antenna for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the other end of the feeding portion apart from the 1 st cross member constituting the 1 st capacitive coupling portion is an open end, and the other end located on the feeding portion side of the 3 rd cross member is an open end,

the other end of the feeding portion of the 2 nd transverse element, which is distant from the 2 nd capacitive coupling portion, is an open end, and the other end located on the feeding portion side of the 4 th transverse element is an open end.

3. The glass antenna for a vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper cross member is folded back after extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the 3 rd cross member, and extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the 1 st cross member.

4. The glass antenna for a vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower cross member is folded back after extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the 3 rd cross member, and extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the 1 st cross member.

5. The glass antenna for a vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the 2 nd antenna conductor includes a 2 nd lower longitudinal element having one end connected to the other end of the lower transverse element and the other end connected to the transverse element for feeding connection,

a lower loop is formed by the power supply connection cross member, the 1 st lower longitudinal member, the lower cross member, and the 2 nd lower longitudinal member.

6. The glass antenna for a vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the wavelength in the air is λ and the glass wavelength reduction ratio is k, λ g is λ · k at the center frequency of one of the 2 frequency bands, a path length from the feeding portion to a tip of the feeding connecting cross member, the 1 st lower longitudinal member, and the lower cross member in this order, or a total length of the path length plus a folded back member length of the lower cross member or an element length to a terminal of the lower loop is in a range of 0.57 λ g to 0.62 λ g, when a length of the feeding portion is not included.

7. The glass antenna for a vehicle as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the glass antenna has at least one of a 1 st loop forming element and a 2 nd loop forming element,

the 1 st loop forming element is connected to the power supply connection transverse element and the 1 st transverse element,

the 2 nd loop forming element is connected to the 1 st transverse element and the 2 nd transverse element.

8. The glass antenna for a vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the 2 nd antenna conductor includes an adjusting element having one end connected to the connecting longitudinal element and extending in the same direction as the extending direction of the 1 st transverse element.

9. The glass antenna for a vehicle as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the glass antenna for a vehicle receives a low frequency band of 530kHz to 1605kHz and a high frequency band of 76MHz to 108 MHz.

10. The glass antenna for a vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the feeding portion includes a 1 st feeding portion and a 2 nd feeding portion,

one end of the longitudinal element for power supply connection is connected to the 1 st power supply part and extends upward from the 1 st power supply part,

one end of the transverse element for power supply connection is connected with the 2 nd power supply part and extends from the 2 nd power supply part to a direction far away from the 2 nd power supply part in a substantially horizontal manner,

one end of the 1 st transverse element is connected with the 1 st power supply part and extends approximately horizontally from the 1 st power supply part to a direction far away from the 1 st power supply part.

11. A rear window glass comprising the glass antenna for a vehicle as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The rear window glass according to claim 11, wherein the glass antenna for a vehicle receives a low frequency band of 530kHz to 1605kHz and a high frequency band of 76MHz to 108MHz,

different kinds of antennas for receiving a frequency band higher than the high frequency band are provided,

the glass antenna for a vehicle adjusts the reception characteristics of the different types of antennas.

13. A rear window according to claim 11 or 12, provided with an auxiliary antenna for receiving a frequency band identical to that of at least one of the 2 frequency bands,

the glass antenna operates in conjunction with the auxiliary antenna for diversity reception.

14. A rear window glass according to claim 11 or 12, wherein an electrically heated defogger is provided to the rear window glass,

the defogger includes a plurality of heater wires extending in a horizontal direction of the rear window glass, a plurality of bus bars extending in a vertical direction at both left and right end sides of the rear window glass and supplying power to the plurality of heater wires,

the glass antenna for a vehicle is provided at an upper portion of the defogger and is spaced apart from the defogger by 30mm or more.

Images