JP2017023009A - Cultivation apparatus and cultivation method of low potassium-containing plants using sewage-treated water - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydroponic cultivation apparatus and a hydroponic cultivation method of low potassium-containing plants.SOLUTION: A hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 for low potassium-containing plants comprises: a sewage-treated water-supplying means 5 for supplying sewage-treated water 3 to a root region of a plant body 2 supported by a porous body 4; and a hydroponic-cultivating means 6. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus applies sewage-treated water to the root area of the plant body by the sewage-treated water-supplying means. In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus for low potassium-containing plants, the porous body is a hydrogel ball or gravel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus and hydroponic cultivation method for a low potassium-containing plant using, for example, sewage treated water.

  In Japan, there are about 13 million kidney disease patients with chronic kidney disease, and about 300,000 patients need dialysis. Patients with kidney disease need a diet that restricts oral intake of potassium, as normal kidneys cannot drain excess potassium that is excreted from the body. However, potassium is found in many foods, especially in vegetables and fruits. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a cooking method that reduces potassium in the food, such as exposing it to water after it has been cut, or boiling it. This imposes a heavy burden on the patient and family and may lead to a reduction in the quality of the diet.

Thus, conventionally, methods for cultivating low potassium-containing vegetables have been studied.
Patent Document 1 contains water for cultivating a low potassium-containing vegetable that is substantially free of potassium and sodium, contains calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and nitrogen as main components, and has a pH value of 5 to 9 in these aqueous solutions. The hydroponics method of low potassium content vegetables using the fertilizer for cultivation and the said fertilizer is disclosed.

In Patent Literature 2, in the hydroponics, the first period of the cultivation period is cultivated by adding potassium (KNO ₃ ) without reducing the potassium content in the hydroponic liquid, and then 7-10 days until harvesting. Disclosed is a method for cultivating leafy vegetables with a low potassium content, including replacing the hydroponic solution with NaNO ₃ at the same concentration instead of KNO ₃ which is a potassium element in the hydroponic solution.

In Patent Literature 3, in the hydroponics, among the five weeks of the cultivation period, the first 2-3 weeks are cultivated by adding KNO ₃ without reducing the potassium content in the hydroponics, and then in the hydroponics. Disclosed is a method for cultivating spinach with a low potassium content, comprising adding the same concentration of HNO ₃ or NaNO ₃ instead of KNO ₃ which is a potassium element.

  Patent Document 4 discloses a method for cultivating leafy vegetables with a potassium-containing hydroponic liquid for a certain period, and then cultivating low-potassium-containing leafy vegetables that are grown in place of a potassium-free hydroponic liquid.

  Thus, in the past, attempts have been made to cultivate low potassium-containing vegetables by devising hydroponics fertilizers and hydroponic solutions.

  By the way, sewage treated water is water purified by the activated sludge method performed when purifying urban sewage, domestic wastewater, and organic factory wastewater and releasing it into the environment. The activated sludge method is a method in which sewage is decomposed by microorganisms and separated into sludge and sewage treated water (purified water), has a long history, is being improved, and has a high removal rate of organic substances in sewage. Widely used. The treated sewage water purified by this method has a low concentration to the extent that contained organic matter, inorganic matter, etc. can be discharged into rivers and the sea.

  Conventionally, a method for cultivating low potassium-containing vegetables using such sewage treated water has not been known.

JP 2012-183062 JP JP 2011-36226 JP 2008-61587 International Publication No. 2014/054821

As mentioned above, it is important to provide low potassium-containing vegetables and the like to kidney disease patients.
Therefore, in view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a low potassium-containing plant cultivation apparatus and cultivation method capable of supplying fresh low-potassium-containing vegetables and the like that can be used as foods to kidney disease patients. Objective.

  As a result of diligent research to solve the above problems, sewage treated water (purified water) immediately before being released into rivers and seas contains nutrients necessary for plant growth such as low concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It is possible to cultivate low-potassium-containing plants by reusing the sewage treated water as a nutrient solution for hydroponics of plants such as vegetables (a solution in which fertilizers necessary for plant growth are dissolved). The headline and the present invention were completed.

That is, the present invention includes the following.
(1) A sewage treated water supply means for supplying sewage treated water to the root region of the plant body supported by the porous body, and a hydroponic cultivation means, and the sewage treated water supply means supplies the sewage treated water to the plant. An apparatus for hydroponic cultivation of a low-potassium-containing plant, characterized by being poured over the root area of the body.
(2) The device according to (1), wherein the porous body is a hydroball or gravel.
(3) A method for hydroponically cultivating a low-potassium-containing plant, comprising pouring sewage-treated water over the root region of the plant supported by the porous body.
(4) The method according to (3), wherein the porous body is a hydroball or gravel.

  According to the present invention, low potassium-containing plants such as low potassium-containing vegetables can be cultivated. Such a low potassium content vegetable can be used as a food material for kidney disease patients whose oral intake of potassium is restricted.

It is a schematic block diagram of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the low potassium containing plant body which concerns on this invention. It is a photograph which shows the mode of the komatsuna cultivated in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the low potassium containing plant body concerning the present invention. It is a photograph which shows the mode of the komatsuna cultivated in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the low potassium containing plant body concerning the present invention. It is a photograph which shows the mode of the eggplant grown in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the low potassium containing plant body which concerns on this invention. It is a photograph which shows the mode of the cucumber (front row | line | column) and the tomato (back row | line | column) cultivated in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the low potassium content plant body which concerns on this invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a hydroponic cultivation apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “hydroponic cultivation apparatus”) 1 of a low potassium-containing plant according to the present invention is porous to sewage treated water 3 relative to a plant 2. Sewage-treated water supply means 5 for supplying the root region of the plant body 2 supported by the body 4 and hydroponic cultivation means 6 are provided.

  Here, the plant body may be any plant body as long as it can be cultivated by hydroponics, for example, honey bee, silkworm radish, komatsuna, cucumber, eggplant, okra, mizuna, chingensai, Examples include vegetables such as tomatoes.

  Sewage treated water is purified by the activated sludge method, which is performed when city sewage, domestic wastewater, and organic factory wastewater are purified and released into the environment. ). For example, in the sewage treated water derived from the final mixing pond (chlorine mixing pond) at the southern treatment plant in Kagoshima City, as shown in Table 1 below, nutrients necessary for the growth of plants such as low concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium Contains ingredients. Table 1 shows the ionic components (ppm) of the sewage treatment area during storage, and Table 2 shows the multi-element components (ppm) of the nutrient solution (fertilizer aqueous solution) used in normal hydroponics.

  Examples of the porous body that supports the root area of the plant body in a container such as a pot (or is spread on the root area of the plant body) include hydroballs and gravel (pumice). As shown in Table 3 below, the hydroball (foamed brick) supplies various nutrient elements to the plant body.

  In Table 3, the abbreviations are as follows: “unused / ultra pure water”: extracted with unused hydroballs / ultra pure water, “unused / acetic acid”: unused hydroballs / 1M ammonium acetate Extraction, "un-hydrochloric acid": extracted with unused hydroballs and 0.1M hydrochloric acid, "finished and ultrapure water": extracted with used hydroballs and ultrapure water, "spent and vinegar": used Extracted with Hydroball and 1M Ammonium Acetate, “Stained Hydrochloric Acid”: Extracted with used Hydroball and 0.1M Hydrochloric Acid.

  The treated sewage water supply means means (for example, a supply port) for supplying sewage treated water as a nutrient solution to the root area of the plant body. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus which concerns on this invention can be equipped with the drainage means 7 (for example, drain outlet) which drains the sewage treated water supplied from the sewage treated water supply means (FIG. 1). 1, the black arrow direction is the direction in which the sewage treated water flows).

  Hydroponics means means for hydroponically cultivating a plant body. For example, hydroponics means include hydroponics beds.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention may include a light shielding cover 8 for the root area of the plant body.

  Examples of normal vegetables cultivated by hydroponics include honey beets and silkworm radish. Compared to these nutrient solutions used in hydroponics, sewage treated water is about 1/5 for nitrogen, which is the most important nutrient, and about 1/20 for potassium, as shown in Tables 1 and 2. The concentration of the other nutrients is low. In addition, chloride ions and sodium ions that are considered to be derived from sewage are included, and when the sewage treated water is used as it is as a nutrient solution for normal hydroponics, the plant body becomes malnourished, There is a risk of growth failure, and cultivation is difficult.

  Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the sewage treated water supply means always sews the sewage treated water through the root area of the plant body to compensate for the lack of nutrition and to restore the plant body such as vegetables to normal It can be grown to a level close to the cultivation state. Examples of the flow rate for pouring include 1 to 50 L / min, preferably 10 to 20 L / min.

  Moreover, good growth comes to be obtained by supporting the root region of a plant body with a porous hydroball or gravel. As shown in Table 3, from the hydroballs, etc., in which the plant is planted, the sewage treated water is hardly contained, but the trace elements necessary for the growth of the plant are gradually eluted and supplied to the root zone. Is done. This works effectively for the growth of the plant body and can reduce the deficiency of nutritional components. The cultivation state of the plant body can be improved by combining with a material such as a gravel of a porous body planted with the plant body, instead of cultivating only with the treated sewage water.

  According to the hydroponic cultivation method using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention described above, by pouring sewage treated water having a low potassium content into the root region of the plant supported by the porous body. Moreover, low potassium containing plants, such as vegetables with low potassium concentration, can be obtained. Specifically, according to the present invention, the potassium concentration in the obtained plant body such as vegetables can be about half the potassium concentration in the plant body cultivated by a normal method.

  In addition, according to the present invention, water purified to such an extent that it can be discharged into a river is used, so there is no need to consider environmental pollution when discarding nutrient solution, which is a problem in normal hydroponics, The plant body can absorb components of sewage treated water that may cause eutrophication of the sea, which causes red tides, and helps to prevent environmental pollution of rivers and seas.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail using an Example, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to these Examples.

[Cultivation of a low potassium-containing plant in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention]
1. Manufacture of hydroponic cultivation equipment The main body of the equipment is a thin box with a depth of about 30cm made of foamed polystyrene, and the sewage treatment water is injected into one side of the short side and the other side is injected with sewage treated water. A hole was made in the bottom of the apparatus, and a drain pipe was pierced so that sewage treated water was discharged.

The side into which the sewage treatment water was injected was the upstream, the side where the drainage pipe was pierced was the downstream, and the apparatus was tilted and installed in the vinyl house so that the height on the downstream side was slightly lower.
The height at which the drainage pipe protrudes from the bottom of the device is the depth of the sewage treatment water accumulated in the box.

  By the above measures, the sewage treated water is allowed to flow in a state where a certain depth of water is maintained in the apparatus main body. In addition, the depth of the sewage treatment water to be submerged can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the pipe protruding from the bottom of the device (water depth of about 3 cm to 10 cm). Sewage treated water was pumped from the final mixing basin (chlorine mixing pond) of the sewage treatment facility, and the wastewater was returned to the final mixing pond.

2. Hydroponic cultivation materials and methods Place foamed bricks such as hydroballs or pumice in a basket-like container with a fine mesh on the side, and place it in a hydroponic cultivation device. Soaking in sewage water.

Foam stones or pumice stones are common ones that can be purchased at home centers and the like.
Seeds were placed in hydroballs or pumice in containers or seedlings were planted.

The planted vegetables were leafy vegetables such as Komatsuna, Mizuna, Chingensai, eggplant, cucumber, and tomato. In addition to vegetables, the same cultivation experiment was conducted on ornamental horticultural crops (chrysanthemum, celosia, mini rose, hibiscus), and the potassium content in the leaves was investigated.
Sewage treated water was poured at a flow rate of 10 L / min.

3. Results and Discussion As shown in Table 4, all three types of leafy vegetables decreased potassium absorption. The rate of decrease was less than one-half compared to that cultivated with a culture medium for normal hydroponics.

  Moreover, as shown to the photograph of FIGS. 2-5, the vegetable grown with the sewage treated water grew like the vegetable grown by normal hydroponics.

  Table 5 shows the potassium content in leaves (per gram of dry weight (d.w.)) when horticultural plants (flower plants) are cultivated with sewage treated water, although they are not vegetables. Compared with what was cultivated with the culture solution used by normal hydroponics, what was cultivated in the sewage treatment water section had about half to one third of the potassium content. From this, the plant body cultivated with the sewage treated water is considered to have a high possibility that the potassium content is reduced as compared with the normal cultivation regardless of the kind.

1. 1. Hydroponic cultivation equipment for low potassium content plants 2. plant body; 3. Sewage treated water; 4. porous body; 5. Sewage treated water supply means, Hydroponic cultivation means, 7. Sewage treatment water drainage means, 8. Shading cover

Claims (4)

Sewage treatment water supply means for supplying sewage treatment water to the root region of the plant body supported by the porous body;
Hydroponic cultivation means,
A low-potassium-containing plant body for hydroponics, characterized in that the sewage-treated water supply means causes the sewage-treated water to flow through the root area of the plant body.   The device according to claim 1, wherein the porous body is a hydroball or gravel.   A method for hydroponics cultivation of a low potassium-containing plant body, comprising pouring sewage-treated water over the root region of the plant body supported by a porous body.   The method according to claim 3, wherein the porous body is a hydroball or gravel.

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