JP2017019700A - Composite and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composite which can exhibit sufficiently CNT-derived functions and a manufacturing method thereof.SOLUTION: A composite 10 consists of a basic material 12 and carbon nanotubes 15 formed on the basic material 12. The carbon nanotubes 15 is directly fixed to either of a surface 12a of the basic material or an inside 16a of a pore 16 without intervening of a dispersing agent, a surfactant and a binding material. The carbon nanotubes 15 are directly connected with each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a composite and a method for producing the same.

  Carbon nanotubes (hereinafter referred to as CNT) have excellent properties such as conductivity and thermal conductivity, and are expected to be applied to functional materials. As a functional material using such CNTs, various composites in which CNTs are attached to the surface of a base material and methods for producing the same have been proposed. In the composite, it is desirable that the CNTs are uniformly fixed on the surface of the base material in order to exhibit functions such as conductivity.

  The composite as described above is, for example, by introducing a base material into a dispersion liquid in which CNTs are dispersed at a nano level, and after the CNT adheres to the base material, the base material is taken out from the dispersion liquid and dried. Can be produced. In order to uniformly adhere CNTs to the surface of the base material, the CNTs need to be dispersed in the dispersion, but the CNTs self-aggregate in the dispersion by van der Waals force. In order to prevent such agglomeration, a method using a dispersion liquid to which a surfactant as a dispersant is added is known (for example, see Patent Document 1). Further, in addition to the dispersant, additives such as an adhesive are generally added in order to adhere the CNT to the surface of the base material.

JP 2010-059561 A

  By the way, in the composite produced using the dispersion liquid to which additives such as a dispersant and an adhesive as described above are added, the conductivity derived from the CNT is obtained even though the CNT is attached to the base material. There are problems such as insufficient heat conductivity and mechanical strength. This is because the additive covers the surface of the CNT, and the additive is interposed between the CNT and the base material, between the CNTs, or between other members joined to the composite via the CNT. This is because the electrical resistance and thermal resistance increase.

  An object of this invention is to provide the composite_body | complex which can fully exhibit the function derived from CNT, and its manufacturing method.

  The composite of the present invention has a base material and a plurality of carbon nanotubes fixed to the surface of the base material, and the carbon nanotubes are directly fixed to the surface of the base material.

  The method for producing a composite according to the present invention involves immersing a base material in a dispersion composed of a plurality of carbon nanotubes and a dispersion medium, and applying mechanical energy such as ultrasonic irradiation and shearing force to the dispersion. It has an adhesion step for adhering the carbon nanotubes in the liquid to the surface of the base material, and a drying step for removing the dispersion medium by taking out the base material from the dispersion and drying it.

  In the composite of the present invention, since a plurality of carbon nanotubes formed on the surface of the base material are directly fixed to the surface of the base material, the function derived from the carbon nanotubes can be exhibited.

  Moreover, according to the method for producing a composite of the present invention, since the carbon nanotube is directly fixed to the surface of the base material, a composite that can exhibit a function derived from the carbon nanotube can be produced.

It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the composite_body | complex which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the apparatus for attaching a carbon nanotube to a base material. It is sectional drawing which shows the example of the pore connected inside the base material. It is sectional drawing which shows the example of the pore of the shape where the bottom part sharpened. It is sectional drawing which shows the example from which the surface of the base material became a rough surface in uneven | corrugated shape. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the composite_body | complex in which the polymer film which concerns on 2nd Embodiment was formed.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 shows a composite 10 to which carbon nanotubes (hereinafter referred to as CNT) according to the first embodiment are attached. The composite 10 includes a base material 12 and a plurality of CNTs 15 provided on the surface of the base material 12.

  The base material 12 has a surface that is a rough surface due to the original unevenness of the base material. In the case of this embodiment, the surface of the base material 12 has innumerable pores 16 in addition to the above irregularities. As the material of the base material 12, for example, a polymer compound such as rubber or plastic, metal, glass, ceramics, or the like can be used. Further, the shape of the base material 12 may be anything.

  The surface of the base material 12 preferably has an arithmetic average height (Sa) defined by ISO 25178 of 1 μm or less. When the arithmetic average height (Sa) exceeds 1 μm, it is difficult for the CNT 15 to enter and adhere to the irregularities on the surface of the base material 12 or the back of the pores 16, so that the functions derived from CNT can be sufficiently exerted. It becomes difficult.

  In the case of the present embodiment, the base material 12 may have pores 16 formed in part or in whole. As for the base material 12, the opening part of the unevenness | corrugation and the pore 16 is formed in the surface. The CNT 15 is fixed along the surface of the base material 12, that is, the surface of the irregularities and the pores 16, and one end protrudes from the surface of the base material 12. For this reason, as will be described later, when joining other members having rough surfaces, the protruding CNT 15 can be brought into direct contact with the other members, so that the conductivity and thermal conductivity with the other members are increased. This is advantageous. Even if a polymer film such as plastic is formed on the surface of the base material 12, the CNTs 15 can be partially exposed on the surface of the polymer film. Thus, the form in which the CNT 15 can be partially exposed on the surface of the coating is because the CNT 15 can also be brought into direct contact with the other member when the other member is joined to the surface of the base material 12. This is advantageous in increasing the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity between the members. Further, another part of the CNT 15 may be fixed inside the base material 12.

  The surface of the base material 12 is a rough surface and can take the advantageous forms as described above. In this example, the base material surface 12a and the inner surface 16a of the pore 16 are the surfaces of the base material 12 to which the CNTs 15 are fixed. In the following description, when it is not necessary to distinguish between the base material surface 12a and the inner surface 16a when attaching and fixing the CNTs 15, these are collectively referred to as an attachment surface for convenience.

The plurality of pores 16 may be formed regularly or irregularly. The size and internal shape of each pore 16 are not particularly limited. The shape and size of each pore 16 may be different from each other. The diameter of the pores 16 of the base material 12 is preferably 1 μm or less and the ratio of depth to diameter (= depth / diameter) is preferably 1 or more. This is because the characteristics of the CNT 15 that is a nanomaterial having a high aspect ratio are sufficiently exhibited. If the opening of the pore 16 is not circular, the diameter of the circle (the equivalent circle diameter) equal to the area of the opening may be used as the diameter of the pore. Therefore, including the case where the opening of the pore 16 is circular, the opening area of the pore 16 is preferably about 0.8 μm ² or less.

  It is preferable to form an affinity layer (not shown) for increasing the affinity with the CNT 15 on the adhesion surface of the base material 12 that fixes the CNT 15. For example, if the base material 12 is a metal, the affinity layer can be an oxide film formed by oxidation treatment. Other treatments for forming the oxide film include phosphate treatment and fermite treatment. Thus, by forming an affinity layer on the adhesion surface of the base material 12, it is possible to increase the fixing force of the adhesion surface of the base material 12 and the CNT 15 and at the time of manufacture, the CNT 15 Can be made to adhere easily.

  The CNT 15 is not covered with a dispersant, a surfactant, an adhesive, or the like, the surface thereof is exposed, and the CNT 15 is directly fixed to either the base material surface 12 a or the inner surface 16 a of the pore 16. That is, the CNT 15 is directly fixed to the adhesion surface of the base material 12 without a dispersing agent such as a surfactant or an adhesive interposed between the CNT 15 and the adhesion surface of the base material 12. The term “fixed” as used herein means coupling by van der Waals force.

  The CNTs 15 fixed to the base material surface 12a are arranged along the base material surface 12a. A part or all of the CNT 15 fixed to the inner surface 16a enters the pores 16, and at least a part of the inserted portion is directly fixed to the inner surface 16a. The remaining part of the CNT 15 that has entered into the pores 16 exits from the pores 16, and the portion that exits from the pores 16 is bent and fixed to the base material surface 12a. It may extend so as to protrude from 12a or take various forms.

  As illustrated, some or all of the plurality of CNTs 15 may form a structure 14 having a network structure that is directly connected to each other. That is, the CNTs 15 are not covered with a dispersant or the like, and are directly connected in a state where they are intertwined with each other. The connection here includes a physical connection (simple contact) and a chemical connection. Thereby, the structure 14 provides the CNT-derived characteristics such as electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity in the surface of the base material 12. The shape of the surface of the base material 12 is not particularly limited, and may be a flat surface or a curved surface. Further, the CNTs 15 may be fixed to two or more surfaces of the base material 12.

  The CNT 15 preferably has a diameter of 50 nm or less, and more preferably has a diameter of 30 nm or less. Since the rigidity of the CNT 15 increases as the diameter thereof increases, it becomes difficult to deform along the surface of the base material 12 having a rough surface, making it difficult to attach and fix the CNT 15 to the base material 12. Further, when the diameter of the CNT 15 increases, it becomes difficult for the CNT 15 to enter the pores 16. If the CNT 15 has a diameter of 30 nm or less, it is rich in flexibility, can be deformed along the surface of the base material 12, and easily enters the pores 16 having a diameter of 100 nm or less. In addition, let the diameter of CNT15 be the average diameter measured using the transmission electron microscope (TEM: Transmission Electron Microscope) image.

  As the CNT 15, single-wall CNT and multi-wall CNT can be used. In addition, the length of the CNT 15 is preferably 0.2 μm or more from the viewpoint of forming a network structure in which the CNTs 15 are entangled and connected. From the viewpoint of CNT15 exhibiting CNT-derived characteristics such as conductivity and thermal conductivity, the length of CNT15 is preferably 1 μm or more. Furthermore, the length of the CNT 15 is preferably 15 μm or less, more preferably 10 μm or less, from the viewpoint of facilitating uniform dispersion. When the length of the CNT 15 is less than 0.2 μm, the CNTs 15 are not easily entangled with each other. When the length is more than 50 μm, the CNT 15 is easily aggregated or aggregated in a bundle shape. Such an assembly of CNTs 15 has poor adhesion to the base material 12 and easily falls off the base material 12 even if attached.

  Next, a method for producing the composite 10 will be described. The composite 10 is manufactured by a preparation step for preparing a dispersion, an attachment step for attaching the CNT 15 to the surface (attachment surface) of the base material 12, and a drying step for drying the base material 12 and the CNT 15. When the base material 12 on which the affinity layer is formed is used, the affinity layer forming step is performed before the attachment step, and the affinity layer is formed on the adhesion surface of the base material 12.

  In the preparation step, a dispersion liquid 22 (see FIG. 2) is generated from the dispersion medium and the CNTs 15 prepared in advance. The dispersion liquid 22 is a liquid in which the CNT 15 is nano-dispersed in a dispersion medium. In this specification, “nano-dispersion” means a state in which CNTs 15 are physically separated and dispersed in a state where they are not entangled one by one, and is an aggregate of two or more CNTs 34 gathered in a bundle. It means a state where the ratio is 10% or less.

  The CNT 15 charged into the dispersion medium can be produced using, for example, a thermal CVD method as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-126311. That is, a catalyst film made of an alloy of aluminum and iron is formed on a silicon substrate, and then catalyst particles are formed. By bringing hydrocarbon gas into contact with the catalyst particles in a heated atmosphere, the CNTs 15 are grown using the catalyst particles as nuclei. It is preferable to use a material containing as little impurities as possible other than CNT15. For this reason, about CNT15 produced by the thermal CVD method, for example, the CNT15 obtained in a mixed acid of nitric acid: sulfuric acid = 1: 3 (volume ratio) is immersed (for example, immersed for 1 hour), and then neutralized. It is preferable to use the CNT 15 from which the remaining catalytic metal has been removed by performing a washing treatment, a filtration treatment, and a drying treatment.

  In addition, it is also possible to use CNT15 obtained by other methods, such as an arc discharge method and a laser evaporation method. For CNTs produced by such a method, impurities may be removed by high-temperature annealing in an inert gas.

  The dispersion 22 adds the CNTs 15 produced as described above to a dispersion medium and imparts mechanical energy to the nano level and disperses them. For this dispersion treatment, a dispersion device such as a general bead mill, roll mill, ball mill, jet mill, or ultrasonic homogenizer can be used. In order to improve adhesion to the base material 12, a chemical treatment method (acid treatment, functional group modification) may be used in combination.

  In this example, methyl ethyl ketone is used as the dispersion medium. In addition, alcohols such as ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), hexane, normal hexane, ethyl ether, xylene are used. Liquid organic compounds such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate can be used. Further, as the dispersion medium, water can be used in addition to the liquid organic compound. These can be used in combination as a dispersion medium.

  In the attaching step, the CNTs 15 in the dispersion 22 generated in the preparation step are attached to the attaching surface of the base material 12. In this adhesion step, as shown in FIG. 2, in order to give mechanical energy to the dispersion liquid 22 stored in the tank 25, ultrasonic waves (for example, 40 kHz) are applied to the dispersion liquid 22 from the ultrasonic vibrator 26, The base material 12 is immersed in the dispersion 22. When the dispersion liquid 22 is irradiated with ultrasonic waves, a reversible reaction state in which the state in which the CNTs 15 are dispersed and the state in which the CNTs 15 are aggregated is generated in the dispersion liquid 22. The CNT 15 adheres to the adhesion surface of the material 12. In addition, the CNTs 15 easily enter the pores 16 by ultrasonic vibration. Thereby, some CNTs 15 adhere to the base material surface 12a, and some other CNTs 15 enter the pores 16 and adhere to the inner surface 16a. When the CNTs 15 aggregate, van der Waals force acts between the base material 12 and the CNT 15, and the CNT 15 adheres to the attachment surface of the base material 12 by this van der Waals force. Note that the frequency of ultrasonic waves applied to the dispersion 22 can be determined as appropriate. Further, instead of ultrasonic irradiation, mechanical energy such as shearing may be applied to the dispersion liquid 22.

  The base material 12 on which the CNTs 15 are adhered to the adhesion surface in the adhesion step is drawn out from the dispersion liquid 22 and subjected to a drying process in the subsequent drying step. By drying the base material 12 by this drying process, the CNTs 15 are directly fixed to the adhesion surface of the base material 12. In this embodiment using methyl ethyl ketone as the dispersion medium, the drying medium is removed at a drying temperature of 60 ° C. and a drying time of 20 minutes. However, the drying temperature and the drying time depend on the type of the dispersion medium, etc. It can be determined accordingly. In this way, the composite 10 in which the CNTs 15 are directly fixed to the adhesion surface of the base material 12 can be obtained.

  In addition, it is good also as fixing many CNT15 directly to the adhesion surface of the base material 12 by repeating the step which forms the said structure 14. FIG. By doing so, it is possible to obtain the composite 10 in which the structures 14 having the network structure directly connected to each other are formed on the surface of the base material 12. In this case, the dispersion liquid 22 used in the second and subsequent times adds a predetermined amount of CNT 15 to adjust the concentration of the CNT 15 and imparts mechanical energy to disperse the CNT 15.

  As described above, the dispersion liquid 22 is prepared from the CNT 15 and the dispersion medium and does not contain an additive. Therefore, each CNT 15 is in a state where the surface of the CNT 15 is exposed without any additives remaining on the surface. Since no additive or the like remains on the adhesion surface of the base material 12, the CNT 15 is directly fixed to the adhesion surface of the base material 12.

  Since the composite 10 is in a state in which the CNT 15 is directly fixed to the adhesion surface of the base material 12 as described above, the function derived from the CNT can be sufficiently exhibited. For example, since each CNT 15 is directly fixed to the adhesion surface of the base material 12, the CNT 15 is difficult to peel from the adhesion surface of the base material 12 in the composite 10. Further, the composite 10 can directly transfer heat from the base material 12 to the CNT 15. For this reason, it is possible to effectively diffuse heat through the CNT 15, dissipate heat, or transmit heat to other members.

  In addition, when the structure 14 is formed of the CNTs 15, the structure 14 forms a network structure in which the CNTs 15 are directly connected to each other without an additive, and therefore, the thermal conductivity in the structure 14 is It becomes favorable according to the thermal conductivity of CNT15. Therefore, in this example, the heat from the base material 12 is further effectively diffused in the structure 14, and for example, temperature unevenness of the base material 12 is less likely to occur, heat is radiated over a wide area, or heat is applied to other members. Can be communicated.

  The same applies to the conductivity. For example, in the case where the base material 12 is an insulator, the composite 10 has high conductivity provided by the CNT 15 on the surface of the base material 12 and high heat. Conductivity is also imparted. Further, even when the base material 12 is a conductor, the conductivity of the surface of the base material 12 is improved due to the high conductivity and thermal conductivity of the CNT 15.

  Furthermore, for example, when the members are joined to each other and the joining surface of one member is a rough surface with some unevenness, the electrical resistance increases due to a decrease in the contact area between the joining surfaces. However, when other members are joined so as to sandwich the CNT 15 in the composite 10, even if the joined surface of the other member is rough, a large number of CNTs 15 come into contact with the joined surface of the other member, so that the electrical resistance Does not grow. The same applies to heat conduction. In relation to the other members to be joined in this way, one end protrudes from the surface of the base material 12 by using the base material 12 whose surface of the base material 12 is rough or the base material 12 in which the pores 16 are formed. The composite 10 having the CNTs 15 so fixed is advantageous.

  As described above, the size and internal shape of the pores 16 are not particularly limited. 3 shows an example in which the pores 31 are connected to each other inside the base material 12, and FIG. 4 shows an example in which the bottom of the inside of the pore 32 is pointed. In addition, the pores may be formed so that the inner diameter is larger than the surface of the base material 12.

  In the case of the above embodiment, the base material 12 has been described with respect to the case where pores are formed, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, a base material 12 having a rough surface with a base material surface 12a may be used. In this case, the CNT 15 is attached and fixed to the inclined surface 35 so as to follow the fine inclined surface 35 constituting the surface of the base material 12. Such CNTs 15 are fixed in various directions on the inclined surface 35, but some CNTs 15 are fixed in a state of protruding from the surface of the base material 12 (tips of convex portions). Even if the shape of the pores or the shape of the surface of the base material 12 is obtained, the same effect as the above embodiment can be obtained.

[Second Embodiment]
A second embodiment in which a polymer film is formed on the composite will be described. The composite according to the second embodiment is the same as the composite according to the first embodiment except that a polymer film is formed, and the same members as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. Detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  In FIG. 6, the composite 40 includes a base material 12, a CNT 15, and a polymer film 41. The polymer film 41 is formed on the surface of the base material 12, covers the base material surface 12 a, and enters the pores 16. The polymer film 41 may be thin enough to protrude the CNT 15 or thick so as to cover the CNT 15. In this example, the polymer film 41 is formed thin enough to protrude the CNT 15 on the surface of the base material 12. .

  The polymer film 41 is formed of an arbitrary elastic body. As an arbitrary elastic body, it is good also as forming with resin, rubber | gum, etc., for example. Examples of the thermoplastic elastomer include olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer (TPO), styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, ester-based thermoplastic elastomer (TPC), urethane-based thermoplastic elastomer (TPU), polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomer (TPAE), and vinyl chloride. Examples of resins include AS resin, ABS resin, epoxy resin, tetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer (ETFE), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), and the like. ), Hexafluoropropylene / ethylene copolymer (EFEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer (EC) FE), polycaproamide (nylon 6), polyhexamethylene adipamide (nylon 66), polytetramethylene adipamide (nylon 46), polyhexamethylene sebacamide (nylon 610), polyhexamethylene deca Mido (nylon 612), polydodecanamide (nylon 12), polyundecanamide (nylon 11), polyhexamethylene terephthalamide (nylon 6T), polyxylylene adipamide (nylon XD6), polynonamethylene terephthalamide (nylon) 9T), polyundecane methylene terephthalamide (nylon 11T), polydecane methylene decanamide (nylon 1010), polydecane methylenedodecanamide (nylon 1012) amide elastomer (TPA), polybutylene terephthalate PBT), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) polycarbonate (PC), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ultra low density polyethylene, low density polyethylene (LDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE) , High density polyethylene (HDPE), cross-linked polyethylene, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), butenediol / vinyl alcohol copolymer (BVOH), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) , Polybutene (PB), urethane elastomer (TPU), ester elastomer (TPC), olefin elastomer (TPO), styrene elastomer (TPS), modified polyphenylene ether (modified PPE), liquid crystal polymer (LCP) , Cycloolefin copolymer (COC), polyetherketone (PEK), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polyarylate (PAR), polymethylpentene (PMP), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethersulfone (PES) , Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), phenol resin (PF), tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), polyimide (PI), polyetherimide (PEI), acrylic resin (PMMA), polyacetal (POM) , Polypropylene (PP), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polystyrene (PS), polysulfone (PSU), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and the like. For example, natural rubber (NR), ethylene / propylene rubber (EPM, EPDM), chloroprene rubber (CR), butyl rubber (IIR), polyurethane rubber (U), silicone rubber (VMQ, FVMQ), acrylic rubber (ACM), epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), fluorine rubber (FKM, FEPM, FFKM), nitrile rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (H-NBR), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), butadiene rubber (BR) ) And styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).

  In the case of producing the composite 40, by performing a polymer film forming step after the attaching step and the drying step, for example, a liquid polymer compound is caused to flow on the surface of the base material 12, and thereafter, the polymer compound is flown. Is cured to form a polymer film 41.

  The polymer film 41 may use an elastic material-containing solution (varnish) obtained by dissolving a material that becomes the elastic body in a solvent other than the arbitrary elastic body itself. Also in this case, the elastic material-containing solution is applied on the base material surface 12, for example, and then dried to volatilize the solvent. As the solvent, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) or the like used as a dispersant can be used, but is not limited thereto, and a solvent corresponding to the elastic material to be dissolved may be used.

  In this complex 40, a part of the CNT 15 protrudes from the film surface of the polymer film 41, so that when the other member is joined to the complex 40 so as to sandwich the polymer film 41, the film of the polymer film 41 The CNT 15 protruding from the surface is brought into contact with the joint surface of the other member, and high conductivity and thermal conductivity derived from the CNT 15 are obtained between the base material 12 and the other member. Further, regardless of whether a part of the CNT 15 protrudes from the film surface of the polymer film 41, the presence of the CNT 15 in the vicinity of the interface between the base material 12 and the polymer film 41 allows the interface of the polymer film 41 to be The peel strength at can be improved.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10,40 Composite 12 Base material 12a Base material surface 14 Structure 15 Carbon nanotube 16, 31, 32 Pore 16a Inner surface 22 Dispersion liquid 35 Slope 41 Polymer film

Claims (8)

With the base material,
A plurality of carbon nanotubes fixed to the surface of the base material;
The carbon nanotube is directly fixed to the surface of the base material.   2. The composite according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the base material is a rough surface.   The composite according to claim 2, wherein the surface of the base material has a surface roughness with an arithmetic average height (Sa) of 1 μm or less.   The composite according to claim 1, wherein the base material has a plurality of pores.   The composite according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an affinity layer for increasing affinity with the carbon nanotube is formed on a surface of the base material.   The composite according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a polymer film formed on a surface of the base material. Adhering the carbon nanotubes in the dispersion to the surface of the base material by immersing the base material in a dispersion composed of a plurality of carbon nanotubes and a dispersion medium and applying mechanical energy to the dispersion Steps,
And a drying step of removing the dispersion medium by taking out the base material from the dispersion and drying it.   The method for producing a composite according to claim 7, further comprising a polymer film forming step of forming a polymer film on a surface of the base material.

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