JP2017003431A - Measuring method of vulcanized rubber - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000371 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005004 MAS NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000346 sulfur-33 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 4
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003244 diene elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001924 quadrupole Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill using magic-angle spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000523 multiple-quantum excitation in combination with magic angle spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010734 process oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001508 sulfur Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-OUBTZVSYSA-N sulfur-33 atom Chemical compound [33S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、固体高分解能ＮＭＲ法を用いた加硫ゴムの測定方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for measuring vulcanized rubber using a solid high-resolution NMR method.
硫黄で加硫された加硫ゴムは、タイヤや防振ゴムなどの様々なゴム製品に用いられている。これらのゴム製品の開発や性能評価等を行う上で、加硫ゴムの架橋構造を解析する技術が求められており、固体高分解能ＮＭＲ（核磁気共鳴分光）法を用いて加硫ゴムを測定する方法が提案されている。 Vulcanized rubber vulcanized with sulfur is used in various rubber products such as tires and vibration-proof rubbers. Technology for analyzing the cross-linked structure of vulcanized rubber is required for the development and performance evaluation of these rubber products, and measurement of vulcanized rubber using solid high-resolution NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). A method has been proposed.
例えば、特許文献１には、硫黄で加硫された天然ゴムを含むイソプレン系ゴムの耐熱劣化性能を予測する方法として、観測核を1ＨとするＭＡＳ（Magic Angle Spinning）を用いた固体ＮＭＲ（1Ｈ−ＮＭＲ）法により、加硫ゴムの架橋構造を解析する方法が開示されている。また、非特許文献１には、観測核を13Ｃとする固体高分解能ＮＭＲ（13Ｃ−ＮＭＲ）法により、加硫ゴムの架橋構造を解析する方法が開示されている。特許文献２には、かかる13Ｃ−固体ＮＭＲにおける解析の困難性を解消するために、加硫ゴムの微粒子を含む分散液を測定対象とする、溶液高分解能ＮＭＲ法による架橋構造の評価方法が開示されている。このように従来、加硫ゴムに対するＮＭＲ測定は、加硫ゴム中の1Ｈまたは13Ｃを観測核として観察することにより間接的に硫黄の架橋構造を推定しており、硫黄（33Ｓ）を直接観測した例は知られていない。 For example, in Patent Document 1, as a method for predicting the heat-resistant deterioration performance of isoprene-based rubber including natural rubber vulcanized with sulfur, solid-state NMR using MAS (Magic Angle Spinning) with an observation nucleus of 1 H ( A method for analyzing the crosslinked structure of vulcanized rubber by the 1 H-NMR method is disclosed. Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method for analyzing a crosslinked structure of a vulcanized rubber by a solid high-resolution NMR ( 13 C-NMR) method using 13 C as an observation nucleus. Patent Document 2 discloses a method for evaluating a crosslinked structure by a solution high-resolution NMR method using a dispersion containing fine particles of vulcanized rubber as a measurement object in order to eliminate the difficulty of analysis in 13 C-solid NMR. It is disclosed. Thus, conventionally, NMR measurement for vulcanized rubber has indirectly estimated the sulfur cross-linking structure by observing 1 H or 13 C in the vulcanized rubber as an observation nucleus, and sulfur ( 33 S) There are no known examples of direct observation.
観測核を33ＳとするＮＭＲ（33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ）法自体は、例えば非特許文献２に記載されているように、従来実施されているが、ポリマーではない硫黄化合物についての溶液ＮＭＲ法を開示したものであり、加硫ゴムなどのポリマーに対して固体ＮＭＲ法により実施した例は知られていない。 The NMR ( 33 S-NMR) method itself using 33 S as the observation nucleus has been conventionally performed as disclosed in, for example, Non-Patent Document 2, but discloses a solution NMR method for sulfur compounds that are not polymers. No examples have been known in which the solid NMR method was performed on polymers such as vulcanized rubber.
本発明は、上記の点に鑑み、固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ法により加硫ゴムの硫黄を直接観測することを可能にする加硫ゴムの測定方法を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above points, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring a vulcanized rubber that makes it possible to directly observe sulfur in the vulcanized rubber by a solid high-resolution 33 S-NMR method.
本発明に係る加硫ゴムの測定方法は、硫黄で加硫された加硫ゴムを固体高分解能ＮＭＲ法により測定する方法であって、ＱＣＰＭＧ（四極子カー・パーセル・メイブーム・ギル）法を用いた固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ法により33Ｓに由来するシグナルを持つ加硫ゴムのスペクトルを得ることを特徴するものである。 The method for measuring vulcanized rubber according to the present invention is a method for measuring vulcanized rubber vulcanized with sulfur by a solid high-resolution NMR method, and uses the QCPMG (quadrupole car, parcel, Mayboom, gill) method. It is characterized by obtaining a spectrum of a vulcanized rubber having a signal derived from 33 S by a solid high-resolution 33 S-NMR method.
本発明によれば、固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ法にＱＣＰＭＧ法を組み合わせることにより、加硫ゴムの硫黄を直接観測することができる。 According to the present invention, sulfur in the vulcanized rubber can be directly observed by combining the QCPMG method with the solid high-resolution 33 S-NMR method.
以下、本発明の実施に関連する事項について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, matters related to the implementation of the present invention will be described in detail.
本実施形態に係る加硫ゴムの測定方法は、硫黄で加硫された加硫ゴムについて、ＱＣＰＭＧ法を用いた固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ法により、当該加硫ゴム中の硫黄を測定する方法である。 The measurement method of the vulcanized rubber according to the present embodiment is a method of measuring sulfur in the vulcanized rubber by a solid high-resolution 33 S-NMR method using the QCPMG method for the vulcanized rubber vulcanized with sulfur. It is.
測定対象である加硫ゴムとしては、硫黄を用いて加硫されたゴムであればよく、硫黄及びゴム成分を含むゴム組成物を加硫してなるものであれば、その他の成分として充填剤などの各種添加剤を含む加硫ゴム組成物でもよい。 The vulcanized rubber to be measured may be a rubber vulcanized using sulfur, and if it is obtained by vulcanizing a rubber composition containing sulfur and a rubber component, a filler as another component. A vulcanized rubber composition containing various additives such as may be used.
ゴム成分としては、特に限定されず、例えば、天然ゴム（ＮＲ）、スチレンブタジエンゴム（ＳＢＲ）、ポリブタジエンゴム（ＢＲ）、ポリイソプレンゴム（ＩＲ）、ニトリルゴム（ＮＢＲ）、クロロプレンゴム（ＣＲ）、ブチルゴム（ＩＩＲ）などの各種ジエン系ゴムが挙げられ、これらのジエン系ゴムを単独又は２種類以上ブレンドしたものでもよい。 The rubber component is not particularly limited. For example, natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), polyisoprene rubber (IR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), Examples include various diene rubbers such as butyl rubber (IIR), and these diene rubbers may be used singly or as a blend of two or more.
加硫剤としての硫黄としては、特に限定されず、感度を高めるために、硫黄同位体濃縮した33Ｓ（即ち、33Ｓ標識した硫黄）を用いてもよく、そのような同位体濃縮をしていない硫黄を用いてもよい。33Ｓ同位体濃縮した硫黄としては、33Ｓの存在比が天然存在比である０．７５％よりも高いものであればよく、例えば５０％以上のものを用いてもよい。加硫ゴム中の硫黄の配合量は、特に限定されず、例えば、ゴム成分１００質量部に対して０．１〜１０質量部でもよく、１〜８質量部でもよい。 Sulfur as a vulcanizing agent is not particularly limited, and in order to increase sensitivity, sulfur isotope-enriched 33 S (that is, 33 S-labeled sulfur) may be used. Sulfur that is not used may be used. The sulfur enriched with 33 S isotopes may be any sulfur as long as the abundance ratio of 33 S is higher than the natural abundance ratio of 0.75%, for example, 50% or more. The compounding quantity of the sulfur in a vulcanized rubber is not specifically limited, For example, 0.1-10 mass parts may be sufficient with respect to 100 mass parts of rubber components, and 1-8 mass parts may be sufficient.
加硫ゴム組成物に配合可能な他の成分としては、特に限定されず、例えば、カーボンブラックやシリカなどの充填剤、シランカップリング剤、プロセスオイルなどの軟化剤、可塑剤、老化防止剤、亜鉛華、ステアリン酸、ワックス、加硫促進剤など、通常ゴム工業で使用される各種添加剤が挙げられる。これら各成分の配合量は特に限定されない。 Other components that can be blended in the vulcanized rubber composition are not particularly limited, for example, fillers such as carbon black and silica, silane coupling agents, softeners such as process oil, plasticizers, anti-aging agents, Various additives usually used in the rubber industry such as zinc white, stearic acid, wax, vulcanization accelerator and the like can be mentioned. The blending amount of each of these components is not particularly limited.
加硫ゴムは、バンバリーミキサーなどの混合機を用いて上記各成分を常法に従い混練して未加硫ゴム組成物を得て、該未加硫ゴム組成物を常法に従い加熱して加硫することにより調製することができる。 The vulcanized rubber is obtained by kneading the above components in accordance with a conventional method using a mixer such as a Banbury mixer to obtain an unvulcanized rubber composition, and heating the unvulcanized rubber composition according to a conventional method for vulcanization. Can be prepared.
本実施形態では、このようにして得られる硫黄加硫ゴムに対して、固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ測定する際に、ＱＣＰＭＧ法を組み合わせることを特徴とするものである。ＱＣＰＭＧ法を33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ測定に用いた例は従来知られておらず、ＱＣＰＭＧ法を硫黄加硫ゴムの固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ法に適用することにより、はじめて33Ｓに由来するシグナルを得ることに成功した。固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ測定は、通常はシングルパルス法を適用して実施されるが、加硫ゴムの測定にシングルパルス法を用いると図５（Ａ）に示すように感度が低く、ベースラインがひずむ。これに対し、π／２パルスを照射し、τ秒経過後にπパルスを照射し、それによって生じたエコー信号をフーリエ変換するスピンエコー法を用いると、図５（Ｂ）に示すようにベースラインのひずみは抑えられるものの、感度を向上させることはできず、33Ｓに由来するシグナルは検出されない。本実施形態であると、固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ法とＱＣＰＭＧ法を組み合わせることにより、1Ｈ共鳴周波数が４００ＭＨｚである比較的低磁場の普及ＮＭＲ装置でありながら、加硫ゴムの33Ｓ−ＮＭＲスペクトルを得ることができる。 In the present embodiment, the sulfur vulcanized rubber thus obtained is combined with the QCPMG method when performing solid high-resolution 33 S-NMR measurement. An example of using the QCPMG method for 33 S-NMR measurement has not been known so far. By applying the QCPMG method to a solid high-resolution 33 S-NMR method of sulfur vulcanized rubber, a signal derived from 33 S is not used for the first time. Succeeded in getting. The solid high-resolution 33 S-NMR measurement is usually carried out by applying the single pulse method. However, when the single pulse method is used for measurement of vulcanized rubber, the sensitivity is low as shown in FIG. The line is distorted. On the other hand, if a spin echo method is used in which a π / 2 pulse is irradiated, a π pulse is irradiated after elapse of τ seconds, and an echo signal generated thereby is Fourier transformed, a baseline is obtained as shown in FIG. However, the sensitivity cannot be improved and no signal derived from 33 S is detected. In this embodiment, by combining the solid high-resolution 33 S-NMR method and the QCPMG method, the 1 H resonance frequency of 400 MHz is a relatively low magnetic field popular NMR apparatus, but the vulcanized rubber 33 S- NMR spectra can be obtained.
ＱＣＰＭＧ（四極子カー・パーセル・メイブーム・ギル：Quadrupolar Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill）法については、F. H. Larsen他３名, “QCPMG-MAS NMR of Half-Integer Quadrupolar Nuclei”, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 131, pp.144-147, 1998（以下、非特許文献３という。）に開示されており、同文献に記載方法を適用することができる。 For the QCPMG (Quadrupolar Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) method, FH Larsen et al., “QCPMG-MAS NMR of Half-Integer Quadrupolar Nuclei”, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 131 , pp. 144-147, 1998 (hereinafter referred to as non-patent document 3), and the method described in the document can be applied.
詳細には、一実施形態として、試料をマジック角で高速回転させる固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＭＡＳ（Magic Angle Spinning）−ＮＭＲ測定において、半整数四極子核の感度増大法であるＱＣＰＭＧ法を適用すればよい。図１は、該ＱＣＰＭＧ法で用いるパルス系列を示したものである。試料をマジック角（静磁場に対してθ＝５４．７°）で高速回転させつつ、まず、工程Ａにおいて、π／２パルス（９０°パルス）を照射し（Ｘ軸から照射）、遅延時間τ1経過後に位相を９０°ずらしてπパルス（１８０°パルス）を照射し（Ｙ軸から照射）、遅延時間τ1経過後に、エコー信号の頂点から後半部分をτa／２の間取り込む。次いで、工程Ｂにおいて、πパルスの照射と現れるエコー信号の検出をＭ回繰り返す。詳細には、遅延時間τ2経過後にπパルスを照射し（Ｙ軸から照射）、遅延時間τ2経過後にエコー信号をτaの間取り込み、この工程を複数回（Ｍ回）繰り返す。次いで、工程Ｃにおいて、サンプリング期間をτdの間延長して、ＦＩＤ（自由誘導減衰：Free Induction Decay）を完全に減衰させる。ここで、τdはＦＩＤの完全な減衰を確保するための遅延時間である。このようにして取り込まれたエコー信号をフーリエ変換することにより、ＮＭＲスペクトルが得られる。 Specifically, as one embodiment, the QCPMG method, which is a method of increasing the sensitivity of half-integer quadrupole nuclei, is applied in solid high-resolution 33 S-MAS (Magic Angle Spinning) -NMR measurement in which a sample is rotated at a high magic angle. do it. FIG. 1 shows a pulse sequence used in the QCPMG method. While rotating the sample at a magic angle (θ = 54.7 ° with respect to the static magnetic field) at high speed, first, in step A, a π / 2 pulse (90 ° pulse) was irradiated (irradiated from the X axis), and the delay time After τ 1 elapses, the phase is shifted by 90 ° and irradiated with π pulse (180 ° pulse) (irradiation from the Y axis), and after the delay time τ 1 elapses, the latter half of the echo signal is captured for τ a / 2. Next, in step B, the detection of the echo signal that appears with the irradiation of the π pulse is repeated M times. Specifically, a π pulse is irradiated after the delay time τ 2 has elapsed (irradiation from the Y axis), and an echo signal is captured during τ a after the delay time τ 2 has elapsed, and this process is repeated a plurality of times (M times). Next, in step C, the sampling period is extended for τ d to completely attenuate FID (Free Induction Decay). Here, τ d is a delay time for ensuring complete attenuation of the FID. An NMR spectrum is obtained by Fourier-transforming the echo signal thus captured.
ここで、τ1＝τr−τπ/2であり、τ2及びτaは、２Ｎτr＝τa＋２τ2＋τπにより与えられる（但し、τr（＝２π／ωr）は回転の周期、τπ/2はπ／２パルスの持続時間、Ｎは整数、τπはπパルスの持続時間である。）。 Here, τ 1 = τ r −τ π / 2 , and τ 2 and τ a are given by 2Nτ r = τ a + 2τ 2 + τ π (where τ r (= 2π / ω r ) is the rotation Period, τ π / 2 is the duration of π / 2 pulse, N is an integer, and τ π is the duration of π pulse.)
本実施形態では、かかるＱＣＰＭＧ法において、πパルスの照射とエコー信号の検出を繰り返す工程Ｂでのエコー信号の検出時間τaを０．１〜３．０ｍｓの範囲内に設定することが好ましい。この検出時間τaが０．１〜３．０ｍｓであることにより、加硫ゴム中の硫黄（33Ｓ）の検出感度を向上することができる。検出時間τaは０．５〜３．０ｍｓであることがより好ましい。 In the present embodiment, in the QCPMG method, it is preferable to set the echo signal detection time τ a in the step B in which the irradiation of the π pulse and the detection of the echo signal are repeated within the range of 0.1 to 3.0 ms. When the detection time τ a is 0.1 to 3.0 ms, the detection sensitivity of sulfur ( 33 S) in the vulcanized rubber can be improved. The detection time τ a is more preferably 0.5 to 3.0 ms.
ＱＣＰＭＧ法の測定条件として、工程Ｂの繰り返し回数Ｍは、例えば３〜２００回でもよい。遅延時間τ1は、例えば０．１〜１０ｍｓでもよい。遅延時間τ2は、例えば０．１〜１０ｍｓでもよい。ＱＣＰＭＧ法について、その他の測定条件については、上記の非特許文献３に記載の方法に準じて設定することができる。 As measurement conditions of the QCPMG method, the number of repetitions M of the process B may be, for example, 3 to 200 times. The delay time τ 1 may be 0.1 to 10 ms, for example. The delay time τ 2 may be 0.1 to 10 ms, for example. About QCPMG method, about other measurement conditions, it can set according to the method of the above-mentioned nonpatent literature 3.
なお、本実施形態に係る固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ法においては、ＱＣＰＭＧ法にＤＦＳ法を組み合わせてもよく、また、ＱＣＰＭＧ法にＷＵＲＳＴ法を組み合わせてもよく、これらを組み合わせることで更に感度を向上させることができる。ここで、ＤＦＳ（Double Frequency Sweeps）法については、A. P. M. Kentgens他１名，“Advantages of double frequency sweeps in static, MAS and MQMAS NMR of spin I=3/2 nuclei”, Chemical Physics Letters 300, pp.435-443, 1999に開示されており、同文献に記載方法を適用することができる。また、ＷＵＲＳＴ（Wideband, Uniform Rate, and Smooth Truncation）法については、E. Kupce他１名，“Adiabatic Pulses for Wideband Inversion and Broadband Decoupling”, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series A 115, pp.273-276, 1995に開示されており、同文献に記載の方法を適用することができる。 In the solid high-resolution 33 S-NMR method according to the present embodiment, the DFS method may be combined with the QCPMG method, or the WURST method may be combined with the QCPMG method. Can be improved. Here, regarding DFS (Double Frequency Sweeps) method, APM Kentgens et al., “Advantages of double frequency sweeps in static, MAS and MQMAS NMR of spin I = 3/2 nuclei”, Chemical Physics Letters 300, pp.435 -443, 1999, and the method described therein can be applied. As for the WURST (Wideband, Uniform Rate, and Smooth Truncation) method, E. Kupce et al., “Adiabatic Pulses for Wideband Inversion and Broadband Decoupling”, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series A 115, pp.273-276, The method disclosed in 1995 and described in this document can be applied.
本実施形態に係る固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ法では、低周波核対応プローブを装着した固体高分解能ＮＭＲ装置を用いることが好ましい。より詳細には、1Ｈ共鳴周波数が４００ＭＨｚであるＮＭＲ装置では、33Ｓの共鳴周波数は３０．７ＭＨｚ付近であるため、３０．０ＭＨｚに対応したプローブを装着した固体高分解能ＮＭＲ装置を用いて測定すればよい。 In the solid high-resolution 33 S-NMR method according to this embodiment, it is preferable to use a solid high-resolution NMR apparatus equipped with a low-frequency nuclear probe. More specifically, in an NMR apparatus having a 1 H resonance frequency of 400 MHz, since the resonance frequency of 33 S is around 30.7 MHz, measurement is performed using a solid high-resolution NMR apparatus equipped with a probe corresponding to 30.0 MHz. do it.
本実施形態によれば、かかるＱＣＰＭＧ法を用いた固体高分解能33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ法により、例として図２に示すように、33Ｓに由来するシグナル（ピーク）を持つ加硫ゴムのスペクトルを得ることができ、加硫ゴム中の硫黄を直接測定することができる。そのため、加硫ゴムの架橋構造、たとえばモノスルフィド、ポリスルフィドなどのスルフィド構造のほか、加硫促進剤-酸化亜鉛反応物、ペンダント加硫促進剤残基、架橋前駆体、副生成物などについて、構造解析および定量解析などに利用することができる。 According to the present embodiment, the solid high-resolution 33 S-NMR method using the QCPMG method obtains a spectrum of a vulcanized rubber having a signal (peak) derived from 33 S as shown in FIG. 2 as an example. The sulfur in the vulcanized rubber can be measured directly. Therefore, in addition to the crosslinked structure of vulcanized rubber, such as sulfide structures such as monosulfide and polysulfide, the structure of vulcanization accelerator-zinc oxide reactant, pendant vulcanization accelerator residue, crosslinking precursor, by-product, etc. It can be used for analysis and quantitative analysis.
以下、本発明の実施例を示すが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。 Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
［第１実施例］
バンバリーミキサーを使用し、下記表１に示す配合（質量部）に従い、ジエン系ゴムに亜鉛華、ステアリン酸、硫黄及び加硫促進剤を添加し混練して、未加硫ゴム組成物を調製した。得られた未加硫ゴム組成物を１６０℃で３０分間加硫することにより加硫ゴムを得た。得られた加硫ゴムを測定試料として、下記測定方法の33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ測定により加硫ゴムの33Ｓ−ＮＭＲスペクトルを得た。測定には、ＮＭＲ装置としてＢｒｕｋｅｒ社製ＡＶＡＮＣＥ ＩＩＩ ＨＤ４００（１Ｈ共鳴周波数：４００ＭＨｚ）を用い、使用プローブをＢｒｕｋｅｒ社製４ｍｍＭＡＳ ＢＬ４ ＶＴＮ低周波対応プローブとし、33Ｓ共鳴周波数を３０．７０６ＭＨｚとし、測定温度を２５℃とし、標準物質を二硫化炭素（０ｐｐｍ）として実施した。加硫ゴムのスペクトルの測定は、ＱＣＰＭＧ法（実施例１〜３）については配合１〜３のすべてを測定対象とし、シングルパルス法（比較例１）とスピンエコー法（比較例２）については配合１を測定対象とした。
[First embodiment]
Using a Banbury mixer, according to the composition (parts by mass) shown in Table 1 below, zinc oxide, stearic acid, sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator were added to the diene rubber and kneaded to prepare an unvulcanized rubber composition. . The obtained unvulcanized rubber composition was vulcanized at 160 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a vulcanized rubber. Using the obtained vulcanized rubber as a measurement sample, a 33 S-NMR spectrum of the vulcanized rubber was obtained by 33 S-NMR measurement according to the following measurement method. For the measurement, Bruker's AVANCE III HD400 (1H resonance frequency: 400 MHz) was used as the NMR apparatus, the probe used was a Bruker 4 mm MAS BL4 VTN low frequency probe, the 33 S resonance frequency was 30.706 MHz, and the measurement temperature was The temperature was 25 ° C., and the standard substance was carbon disulfide (0 ppm). The spectrum of the vulcanized rubber is measured for all of the blends 1 to 3 for the QCPMG method (Examples 1 to 3), and for the single pulse method (Comparative Example 1) and the spin echo method (Comparative Example 2). Formulation 1 was used as a measurement target.
（実施例１〜３：ＱＣＰＭＧ法）
・パルス系列：ＱＣＰＭＧ
・ＭＡＳ速度：８０００Ｈｚ
・遅延時間τ1：０．８７ｍｓ
・π／２パルス持続時間τπ/2：４．０ｍｓ
・検出時間τa：１．００ｍｓ
・遅延時間τ2：０．８０ｍｓ
・πパルス持続時間τπ：８．０ｍｓ
・工程Ｂの繰り返し回数Ｍ：１４回
・遅延時間τd：０．５ｍｓ
(Examples 1-3: QCPMG method)
・ Pulse sequence: QCPMG
・ MAS speed: 8000Hz
Delay time τ 1 : 0.87 ms
・ Π / 2 pulse duration τ π / 2 : 4.0 ms
・ Detection time τ a : 1.00 ms
Delay time τ 2 : 0.80 ms
・ Π pulse duration τ π : 8.0 ms
-Number of repetitions of process B: 14 times-Delay time τ d : 0.5 ms
（比較例１：シングルパルス法）
・パルス系列：シングルパルス
・ＭＡＳ速度：８０００Ｈｚ
・π／２パルス持続時間τπ/2：４．０ｍｓ
(Comparative example 1: Single pulse method)
・ Pulse sequence: Single pulse ・ MAS speed: 8000 Hz
・ Π / 2 pulse duration τ π / 2 : 4.0 ms
（比較例２：スピンエコー法）
・パルス系列：スピンエコー
・ＭＡＳ速度：８０００Ｈｚ
・π／２パルス持続時間τπ/2：４．０ｍｓ
(Comparative Example 2: Spin echo method)
・ Pulse sequence: Spin echo ・ MAS speed: 8000 Hz
・ Π / 2 pulse duration τ π / 2 : 4.0 ms
実施例１〜３において得られたスペクトルを図２〜４に示し、比較例１，２において得られたスペクトルを図５に示す。図５（Ａ）に示すように、シングルパルス法を用いた比較例１では、感度が低く、ベースラインがひずんでおり、33Ｓのシグナルは観測されなかった。図５（Ｂ）に示すように、スピンエコー法を用いた比較例２では、ベースラインのひずみは抑えられたものの、感度が低く、33Ｓのシグナルは観測されなかった。これに対し、ＱＣＰＭＧ法を用いた実施例１〜３では、ベースラインのひずみが抑えられるとともに、−２００〜−４００ｐｐｍの間に33Ｓのシグナルが明確に観測されている。また、硫黄の配合量が５質量部である実施例１だけでなく、３質量部である実施例２でも、33Ｓのシグナルが明確に観測された。更に、実施例１，２に係る天然ゴムの場合だけでなく、実施例３に係るスチレンブタジエンゴムの場合にも、33Ｓのシグナルが観測されており、種々の硫黄加硫ゴムでの測定が可能であることが分かる。 The spectra obtained in Examples 1 to 3 are shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, and the spectra obtained in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5A, in Comparative Example 1 using the single pulse method, the sensitivity was low, the baseline was distorted, and no 33 S signal was observed. As shown in FIG. 5B, in Comparative Example 2 using the spin echo method, the baseline distortion was suppressed, but the sensitivity was low, and no 33 S signal was observed. On the other hand, in Examples 1 to 3 using the QCPMG method, the distortion of the baseline is suppressed, and a 33 S signal is clearly observed between −200 to −400 ppm. Further, not only Example 1 in which the amount of sulfur was 5 parts by mass but also Example 2 in which 3 parts by mass was 3 parts, a signal of 33 S was clearly observed. Further, not only in the case of the natural rubber according to Examples 1 and 2, but also in the case of the styrene butadiene rubber according to Example 3, a signal of 33 S is observed, and measurement with various sulfur vulcanized rubbers is possible. It turns out that it is possible.
［第２実施例］
実施例１において、ＱＣＰＭＧ法の測定条件におけるτaを０．０５ｍｓ、０．１ｍｓ、１．０ｍｓ、３．０ｍｓ、４．０ｍｓと変更し、その他は実施例１と同様にして、33Ｓ−ＮＭＲ測定を行った。各測定により得られた33Ｓ−ＮＭＲスペクトルを図６に示す。図６（Ａ）に示すτa＝０．０５ｍｓの場合、及び図６（Ｅ）に示すτa＝４．０ｍｓの場合、感度が低く、33Ｓのシグナルは観測されなかった。これに対し、図６（Ｂ）〜（Ｄ）に示すτa＝０．１ｍｓ，１．０ｍｓ，３．０ｍｓの場合、感度の向上が認められ、−２００〜−４００ｐｐｍの間に33Ｓのシグナルが観測された。特に、図６（Ｃ）に示すτa＝１．０ｍｓの場合と図６（Ｄ）に示すτa＝３．０ｍｓの場合に、より明確な33Ｓのシグナルが観測された。
[Second Embodiment]
In Example 1, changes the tau a in the measurement conditions QCPMG method 0.05 ms, 0.1 ms, 1.0 ms, 3.0 ms, and 4.0 ms, others in the same manner as in Example 1, 33 S- NMR measurement was performed. The 33 S-NMR spectrum obtained by each measurement is shown in FIG. For tau a = 0.05 ms shown in FIG. 6 (A), and the case of tau a = 4.0 ms shown in FIG. 6 (E), the sensitivity is low, signal 33 S was observed. On the other hand, in the case of τ a = 0.1 ms, 1.0 ms, and 3.0 ms shown in FIGS. 6B to 6D, an improvement in the sensitivity is recognized, and 33 S of −200 to −400 ppm A signal was observed. In particular, a clearer 33 S signal was observed when τ a = 1.0 ms shown in FIG. 6C and when τ a = 3.0 ms shown in FIG. 6D.
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