JP2016531928A - Active compound combinations - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention first comprises (A) propineb and (B1) one or more salts containing boron (B) and (B2) one or more salts containing manganese (Mn) ( To active compound combinations comprising B). More particularly, the active compound combinations according to the invention are useful for improving plant quality. The invention further relates to the corresponding methods and uses of the active compound combinations according to the invention.

Description

  The invention first comprises (A) propineb and (B1) one or more salts containing boron (B) and (B2) one or more salts containing manganese (Mn) ( To active compound combinations comprising B). More particularly, the active compound combinations according to the invention are useful for improving plant quality. The invention further relates to the corresponding methods and uses of the active compound combinations according to the invention.

Formula _{(C 5 H 8 N 2 S} 4 Zn) propineb of _x is propylene bis polymer (dithiocarbamate), zinc (CAS registered Nanba12071-83-9), the following formula (I)

Can be described by

  Propineb is known to have fungicidal properties and can be used to control a variety of plant diseases (see GB935,981 for examples).

  WO 2011/107443 A1 teaches the use of propineb for physiological prophylactic and therapeutic treatment under zinc deficiency. It has also been reported that propineb treatment resulted in higher yields in addition to physiological therapeutic effects. For the purpose of experiments in a greenhouse, in WO2011 / 107443A1, certain plants were sown and grown on rock wool fertilized with drip application. Then, after a certain time interval, propineb was applied to each plant via spray application.

  WO2012 / 089724A1 relates to a method for improving plant quality, which improves the plant quality of crop plants and / or where the crop plants are growing or intended for growth and / or plant vegetative propagations Treating with an amount of a micronutrient-containing active ingredient.

October 2011 of India, in the third session of the International Zinc Symposium in ^{Hyderabad (the 3 rd International Zinc Symposium} ), "Antracol (R) - A Fungicide Improving Zinc Nutrition in Plants" titled poster (http: // www .Zinccrops2011.org / presentations / 2011_zinccrops2011_goertz_abtract.pdf). Among them, Antracol (R) (active ingredient: propineb) applied in commercial quantities is not only for its broad spectrum fungicidal activity, but also for the growth, development and quality of crops grown under Zn deficiency. It was concluded that there was a clear positive impact. Application of Antracol® can avoid Zn deficiency in plants. This result demonstrates that Antracol (R) can also provide Zn nutrition to plants when farmers apply fungicides under disease conditions, reducing the need for Zn fertilization. is there.

  DE 2558385A1 relates to a composition providing crop yield improvement comprising (1) certain dithiocarbamidates and (2) manganese (Mn) salts of inorganic or organic acids.

  Furthermore, WO 2005/070204 reports the use of micronutrients in pesticide compositions to reduce phytotoxicity.

GB935, 981 WO2011 / 107443A1 WO2012 / 089724A1 DE2558385A1 WO2005 / 070204

"Antracol (R)-A Funcide Improving Zinc Nutrition in Plants", 3rd International Zinc Symposium, October 2011 (http://www.zinccrops2011.org/presentations/2011_zinccropstf

  The environmental and economic demands imposed on modern crop protection compositions are constantly increasing. This relates not only to, for example, action spectrum, toxicity, selectivity, application rate, etc., but also to improved plant quality, in particular yield increase and / or improved plant growth.

  Here, surprisingly, the active compound combinations according to the invention not only lead to an increase in the action spectrum for the plant pathogens to be controlled, but also an improvement in plant quality, in particular an increase in yield and / or an improvement in plant vigor. Has been found to be achieved. The active compound combinations according to the invention have synergistic properties such as improved plant properties, such as better growth, increased yield, better developed root system, larger leaf area, darker green leaves, stronger With shoots, especially darker green leaves.

Thus, the present invention provides:
(A) Propineb,
And (B1) one or more salts containing boron (B) and (B2) one or more salts containing manganese (Mn) (B)
To active compound combinations.

  In the active compound combinations according to the invention, preferably one, some or all of the constituents of component (B1) are selected from the group consisting of boron oxide and boric acid and salts thereof.

In the active compound combinations according to the invention, preferably one, some or all of the components of component (B1) are boron trioxide (B ₂ O ₃ ), H ₃ BO ₃ , H ₂ B ₄ O ₇ , Sodium borate (preferably borax, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate or disodium tetraborate, preferably anhydrous borax (Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ ), borax pentahydrate (Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ · 5H ₂ O) or borax decahydrate (Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ · 10H ₂ O)), potassium borate (preferably K ₂ B ₄ O ₇ and its hydrate, preferably its tetrahydrate _{K 2 B 4 O 7 · 4H} 2 O), calcium borate (preferably _{CaB 4 O 7, Ca 3 (} BO 3) 2 and hydrates thereof), magnesium borate (preferably MgB ₄ O ₇ , Mg ₃ (BO ₃ ) ₂ and their hydrates), potassium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium boron tartrate and nickel borate (II)] The

  In a preferred active compound combination according to the invention, one, some or all of the constituents of component (B2) are selected from the group consisting of manganese (II) salts, preferably manganese (II) acetate, manganese sulfate (II) ), Manganese (II) chloride, manganese (II) nitrate and manganese (II) phosphate.

In more preferred active compound combinations according to the invention,
Component (B1) comprises or consists of disodium tetraborate and / or disodium tetraborate hydrate,
And / or component (B2) comprises or consists of manganese (II) sulfate and / or manganese (II) chloride.

  The synergistic effect is particularly evident when the active constituents in the active compound combinations according to the invention are present in certain weight ratios.

  Therefore, in a preferred active compound combination according to the invention, the weight ratio of component (A) to the total weight of boron and manganese in component (B) is in each case based on the total weight of active compound combination 1250 : 1 to 25: 1, preferably 1000: 1 to 50: 1, more preferably 500: 1 to 75: 1, and most preferably 350: 1 to 100: 1. Is within.

  In a preferred active compound combination according to the invention, the weight ratio of the total amount of [component (B1)] boron to the total amount of [component (B2)] manganese is in each case based on the total weight of the active compound combination Within the range of 3: 1 to 1: 3, preferably within the range of 2: 1 to 1: 2, more preferably within the range of 3: 2 to 2: 3, and even more preferably 4: 3 to 3: 4. And most preferably in the range 5: 4 to 4: 5.

In a preferred embodiment, the active compound combination according to the invention further comprises -zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co) and One, some or all micronutrients selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni) and / or one, some or all selected from the group consisting of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) Contains all macronutrients.

Preferably, the active compound combinations according to the invention further comprise -nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)
And at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) Preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more micronutrients.

  The active compound combinations according to the invention are preferably zinc oxide, zinc acetate, zinc benzoate, zinc chloride, zinc citrate, zinc nitrate, zinc salicylate; copper acetate, copper butyrate, copper chlorate, copper chloride, copper citrate , Copper gluconate, copper glycinate, copper nitrate, copper salicylate, copper acetate, copper chloride; ferric chloride, ferric citrate, ferric fructose, ferric glycerophosphate, ferric nitrate, ferric oxide Ferric, sugar-containing ferric oxide, ferrous chloride, ferrous citrate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous succinate; molybdate, calcium molybdate, potassium molybdate, Sodium molybdate; sodium selenite, potassium selenite, sodium selenate, potassium selenate; aluminum phosphate, aluminum silicate; cobaltous acetate, cobalt acetate One or more additional components selected from the group consisting of: cobalt chloride, cobalt oxalate, potassium cobalt sulfate, cobalt sulfate; nickel chloride (II) and nickel sulfate (II) Including.

  According to the invention, the expression “combination” represents various combinations of components (A) and (B), for example in a single “ready-mix” form, separate formulations of a single active compound. Combination spray mixtures composed of, for example, “tank-mix” and the like, and combinations of single active ingredients when applied sequentially, ie in short periods, preferably in less than 2 hours in sequence Represents a combination in use.

  The present invention relates to a novel method for improving plant quality by applying the active compound combinations according to the invention to plants, plant parts and / or their habitats.

  The term “plant quality” (plant quality) is defined as the state of a crop plant and / or its product determined from several aspects either alone or in combination with each other, eg yield (eg biomass increase, valuable component) And / or improving the content or composition of certain ingredients) and plant growth (eg, improving plant growth and / or darker green leaves).

  One indicator of plant quality, especially plant condition, is its yield. “Yield” refers to any plant part or product of economic value produced by a plant, such as grains, leaves, roots, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, wood (eg forestry as an example) Case) or flowers (eg in the case of horticulture and ornamental plants). The plant product can additionally be further utilized and / or processed after harvesting.

According to the present invention, “yield increase” of a crop plant refers to the same product of a plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of a micronutrient-containing active ingredient. Meaning an increase in measurable amount compared to yield. Yield increase can be characterized, among other things, by the following improved properties of crop plants:
・ Increased plant weight,
・ Increased plant height,
・ Increased zinc content,
-Increased iron content,
・ Increase in calcium content,
An increase in biomass, such as higher fresh weight (FW) and / or dry weight (DW),
Higher grain yield,
・ Higher acidity,
More anthocyanin content,
・ More tillers,
Larger leaves,
・ Improvement of sprout growth,
・ Increase (for example soluble protein) ・ Increase in oil content,
-Increased starch content,
・ Increased pigment content,
-Increase in nutrient content,
Increase in protein content,
An increase in vitamin content (eg vitamin B ₁ , B ₂ , C and E content),
・ Increase in fatty acid content,
・ Increased metabolite content,
An increase in carotenoid content (eg vitamin A content),
・ Increased amount of essential amino acids,
・ Improvement of nutrient composition,
・ Improvement of protein composition,
・ Improvement of fatty acid composition,
・ Improvement of metabolite composition,
・ Improvement of carotenoid composition,
・ Improvement of sugar composition
・ Improvement of amino acid composition,
Improved or optimal fruit color,
・ Improved leaf color,
・ Higher storage capacity,
-Higher processability of harvested products.

  According to one embodiment of the invention, depending on the type of property to be improved, the yield is at least 5% or more, preferably 10 compared to each control plant not treated in each case. % Or more, more preferably 15% or more, even more preferably 20% or more and even more preferably 25% or more.

Another indicator of plant quality, especially crop plant status, is “plant viability”. Plant growth potential is manifested in several aspects, such as general appearance and growth. The increase in plant growth can be characterized, inter alia, by the following improved properties of the plant:
・ Improvement of plant vitality,
・ Improvement of plant growth,
・ Improvement of plant development,
・ Improved appearance,
-Improving plant standing (less plant plant / fall),
・ Improvement of budding,
-Increased root growth and / or more developed root system,
・ Enhanced nodulation, especially rhizobial nodulation,
・ Large blades,
・ Bigger size,
・ Increased plant weight,
・ Increase of fresh weight (FW),
-Increased dry weight (DW),
・ Increased plant height,
・ Increase in the number of tillers,
・ Improvement of sprout growth,
・ Improvement of root growth when growing on poor soils or in adverse climates (extensive root system), increased yield,
・ Enhancement of photosynthetic activity,
-Increased pigment content (for example, chlorophyll content),
・ Early flowering,
・ Early fruiting,
-Improved germination earlier,
-Early grain ripening,
・ Better size distribution,
・ Higher grain hardness,
・ Improvement of self-protection mechanism,
Improvement of plant stress tolerance and resistance to biological and abiotic stress factors such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, high temperature stress, low temperature stress, drought stress, UV stress and / or salt stress,
-Less invalid tillers,
Less dead rooted leaves,
Less input required (eg fertilizer or water),
・ Darker green leaves,
Complete aging under short growth periods,
Less fertilizer required,
-Less seed needed,
・ Easy harvesting,
-Faster, more uniform maturity,
-Longer shelf life,
・ Longer ears,
・ Delayed aging,
A stronger and / or more effective tiller,
-Better extractability of ingredients,
-Improvement of seed quality (for sowing next season for seed production),
Reducing ethylene production and / or inhibiting its acceptance by plants,
・ Higher brightness,
・ Darker color,
-Texture improvements,
・ Higher hardness,
・ Higher Brix values.

  According to one embodiment of the invention, depending on the type of property to be improved, the plant vigor is at least 5% or more, preferably in each case compared to each control plant that has not been treated. Increases by 10% or more, more preferably 15% or more, even more preferably 20% or more, and even more preferably 25% or more.

  Depending on the plant to be treated, more preferably, different quality parameters are improved over others. In the following, some quality parameters are mentioned depending on the crop plant to be treated.

  Preferably, the following plants and plant parts are treated with the active compound combinations according to the invention: cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale, sorghum / millet and oats, such as corn, cotton, soybean, rice, potato, sunflower , Beans, coffee, beets (eg sugar beet and feed beet), peanuts, rape, fruits (eg apples, pears and citrus), vegetables (eg tomatoes, cucumbers, onions and lettuce), turf and ornamental plants (see also below) I want to be)

  Particularly preferred is the treatment of cereals, preferably wheat, barley, rye, triticale and oats, corn and rice. Furthermore, plants and plant parts belonging to the solanaceous plant (Solanasae sp.) (For example tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, peppers, eggplants, tobacco) are preferably treated according to the invention.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the preferred quality parameters of potato are: increase in protein content (eg soluble protein content),
-Increased starch content,
An increase in biomass, such as higher fresh weight (FW) and / or dry weight (DW),
・ Increased zinc content,
-Better size distribution.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the preferred quality parameters of rice are: Increase in carotenoid content (eg vitamin A content),
・ Increased zinc content,
-Increased iron content,
An increase in protein content (eg soluble protein content),
・ Improvement of grain hardness (lower friability)
It is.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the preferred quality parameters of wheat are: Increase in carotenoid content (eg vitamin A content),
・ Increased zinc content,
-Increased iron content,
An increase in protein content (eg soluble protein content),
・ Improvement of grain hardness (lower friability)
It is.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the preferred quality parameters of corn / corn are: Increase in carotenoid content (eg vitamin A content),
・ Increased zinc content,
-Increased iron content,
An increase in protein content (eg soluble protein content),
-Increase in oil content,
-Increased starch content.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the preferred quality parameters for apples are: • increased zinc content,
・ Increase in calcium content,
・ Darker color,
-Texture improvements,
・ Higher hardness,
-Higher Brix value.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the preferred quality parameters of citrus plants are: • increased zinc content,
・ Increased vitamin C content,
・ Darker color,
-Texture improvements,
・ Higher hardness,
-Higher Brix value.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, preferred quality parameters for tomato, cucumber and pepper are: better size uniformity,
・ Darker color,
-Texture improvements,
・ Higher hardness,
・ Higher Brix value,
・ Enhancement of root growth,
・ Increased zinc content,
• Increase in calcium content.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the preferred quality parameters of the grape / vine are: a higher anthocyanin content,
・ Higher acidity,
More zinc content,
・ Higher Brix value,
・ Higher hardness,
・ Darker color,
-Texture improvements,
-Better flavor.

  The invention further relates to a composition comprising an active compound combination according to the invention in an amount which is effective and preferably non-phytotoxic. These compositions are also suitable for controlling unwanted microorganisms, particularly unwanted fungi and bacteria. Said preferably fungicidal composition comprises agriculturally suitable auxiliaries, solvents, carriers, surfactants and / or bulking agents.

  In the context of the present invention, “control of harmful microorganisms” means a reduction of infection by harmful microorganisms compared to untreated plants, preferably measured as fungicidal efficacy, preferably untreated plants 25-100% reduction compared to 40%, more preferably 40-79% reduction compared to untreated plants; even more preferably, infection by harmful microorganisms is almost completely or completely suppressed (80-100%). Control of harmful microorganisms may be therapeutic, i.e. for the treatment of already infected plants, or protective, i.e. for the protection of uninfected plants.

  An “effective but non-phytotoxic amount” is sufficient to satisfactorily control a fungal disease of a plant or to completely eradicate a fungal disease, while at the same time causing some significant phytotoxic symptoms. Means no amount. In general, this application rate can be varied within a relatively wide range. This depends on several factors, for example the fungus to be controlled, the plant, the climatic conditions and the components of the active compound combination according to the invention.

In another aspect, the invention provides:
(I) an active compound combination according to the invention, preferably a combination as defined in one of the preferred embodiments specified above,
(Ii) water and (iii) one or more adjuvants (auxiliaries), preferably one or more adjuvants selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, surfactants, inorganic carriers, organic carriers and other bulking agents It relates to the composition containing this.

Preferably, the composition according to the invention is in each case based on the total weight of the composition,
(I) Active compound combinations according to the invention in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.3% by weight, preferably the preferred embodiments specified above And / or (ii) a total amount of water in the range of 70 to 99.9% by weight, preferably in the range of 85 to 99.8% by weight.

More preferably, the composition according to the invention is in each case based on the total weight of the composition,
(I) an active compound combination according to the invention in the range of 0.1 to 0.3% by weight, preferably a combination as defined in one of the preferred embodiments specified above and (ii) 70 To 99.9% by weight, preferably 85 to 99.8% by weight.

The composition according to the invention can preferably be obtained by a method characterized by the following steps:
(I) a step of preparing (A) propineb, (B1) one or more compounds containing boron (B)) and (B2) one or more compounds containing manganese (Mn) or an active compound according to the invention Providing a combination, preferably a combination as defined in one of the preferred embodiments;
(Ii) Step of providing water (iii) One or more adjuvants, preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, surfactants, inorganic carriers, organic carriers and other bulking agents As well as mixing components (i) to (iii), thereby obtaining a composition according to the invention.

  Suitable organic solvents include all polar and nonpolar organic solvents commonly used for pharmaceutical purposes. Preferably, the solvent is a ketone, such as methyl-isobutyl-ketone and cyclohexanone, an amide, such as dimethylformamide and an alkanecarboxylic acid amide, such as N, N-dimethyldecanamide and N, N-dimethyloctaneamide, and Cyclic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone, N-octyl-pyrrolidone, N-dodecyl-pyrrolidone, N-octyl-caprolactam, N-dodecyl-caprolactam and butyrolactone, as well as strongly polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and aromatics Group hydrocarbons such as xylol, Solvesso ™, mineral oils such as white spirit, petroleum, alkylbenzene and spindle oils, and esters such as propyle Glycol-monomethyl ether acetate, adipic acid dibutyl ester, acetic acid hexyl ester, acetic acid heptyl ester, citric acid tri-n-butyl ester and phthalic acid di-n-butyl ester, and also alcohol, eg benzyl alcohol and 1 -Selected from methoxy-2-propanol.

  According to the invention, the carrier is a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance with which the active ingredients are mixed or combined for better applicability, in particular for application to plants or plant parts or seeds. . The carrier may be solid or liquid and is generally inert and should be suitable for use in agriculture.

  Useful solid or liquid carriers include: ammonium salts and ground natural rocks such as kaolin, clay, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic rocks such as fine silica, alumina And natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, especially butanol, organic solvents, mineral and vegetable oils, and derivatives thereof. Mixtures of such carriers can be used as well.

  Suitable solid excipients and carriers include inorganic particles having an average particle size between 0.005 and 20 μm, preferably between 0.02 and 10 μm, such as carbonates, silicates, sulfates And oxides, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, urea, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, so-called fine silica, silica gel, natural or synthetic silicates and alumo Examples include silicates and plant products such as cereal flour, wood powder / sawdust and cellulose powder.

  Useful solid carriers for granules include: natural rocks that have been crushed and sized, such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite, and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic coarse particles, and also organic materials Granules such as sawdust, coconut husk, corn cob and tobacco petiole are included.

  Useful liquefied gas extenders or carriers are liquids that are gaseous at standard temperatures and under standard pressures, such as aerosol propellants such as halogenated hydrocarbons, and also butane, propane, nitrogen and Carbon dioxide.

  In formulations, tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose, and natural and synthetic polymers in powder, granule or latex form such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, or natural phospholipids such as cephalin and lecithin As well as synthetic phospholipids. Further additives can be mineral and vegetable oils.

  An organic solvent can also be used as an auxiliary solvent. Useful liquid solvents are essentially: aromatic compounds such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalene, chlorinated aromatic compounds and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, chloroethylene or dichloromethane, For example, cyclohexane or paraffin, such as mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol, and ethers and esters thereof, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, and / or strong solvents For example, dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.

  The active compound combinations according to the invention can additionally comprise further components, such as surfactants. Useful surfactants are emulsifiers and / or foaming agents, dispersants or wetting agents having ionic or nonionic properties, or mixtures of these surfactants. Examples of these are polyacrylic acid salts, lignosulfonic acid salts, phenolsulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid salts, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols, with fatty acids, or with fatty amines, substituted phenols. (Preferably alkylphenol or arylphenol), salts of sulfosuccinates, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates), polyethoxylated alcohols or phosphates of phenol, fatty esters of polyols, and sulfates, sulfonates and phosphates Compound derivatives such as alkyl aryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfonates, protein hydrolysates, lignin sulfite waste liquors and A Le cellulose. The presence of a surfactant is necessary when one of the active ingredients and / or one of the inert carriers is insoluble in water and when the application is carried out in water. The proportion of surfactant is preferably between 5 and 40% by weight of the composition according to the invention.

  Suitable surfactants (adjuvants, emulsifiers, dispersants, protective colloids, wetting agents and adhesives) include all customary ionic and non-ionic substances, such as polyethoxylated ethoxylated nonylphenols, linear or branched alcohols. Alkylene glycol ethers, reaction products of alkylphenols with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, reaction products of fatty acid amines with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, as well as fatty acid esters, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyls Ether sulfates, alkyl ether phosphates, aryl sulfates, ethoxylated aryl alkyl phenols such as tristyryl-phenol-ethoxylates, and Sulfated or phosphated aryl alkylphenol - ethoxylates and - ethoxy - and - ethoxylated and propoxylated arylalkylphenols such propoxylates. Further examples are natural and synthetic water-soluble polymers such as lignosulfonates, gelatin, gum arabic, phospholipids, starches, hydrophobically modified starches and cellulose derivatives, especially cellulose esters and cellulose ethers, as well as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid and copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and (meth) acrylic acid esters, and also methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid neutralized with alkali metal hydroxides It is a copolymer of an acid ester, and also a condensate of an optionally substituted naphthalene sulfonate and formaldehyde.

  It is possible to use pigments such as inorganic pigments such as iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian blue, and organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes.

  Anti-foaming agents that may be present in the formulation include, by way of example, silicone emulsions, long chain alcohols, fatty acids and their salts, as well as fluorinated organic substances and mixtures thereof.

  Examples of thickeners are polysaccharides such as xanthan gum or veegum, silicates such as attapulgite, bentonite as well as fine silica.

  Where appropriate, it is also possible for other additional components, such as protective colloids, binders, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic substances, penetrants, stabilizers, scavengers, complexing agents to be present. . In general, the active ingredient can be combined with any solid or liquid additive customarily used for pharmaceutical purposes.

  The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention can be used as such or in accordance with their respective physical and / or chemical properties in the form of their formulations or the forms of use prepared therefrom. E.g. aerosols, capsule suspensions, cold-fogging concentrates, warm-fogging concentrates, encapsulated granules, fine granules, flowables for seed treatment, ready to use Solutions, powders, emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, macro granules, fine granules, oil dispersible powders, oil miscible flowables, oil miscible liquids, gas agents (under pressure), gas generation Agent, foam, paste, pesticide-coated seed, suspension formulation, suspoemulsion agent, liquid agent, suspension agent, Wettable powder, soluble powder, soluble powder and granule, water-soluble and water-dispersible granules or tablets, water-soluble and water-dispersible powder for seed treatment, wettable powder, natural impregnated with active ingredients And encapsulants in polymeric materials and in seed coating materials, and also in the form of ULV cold and hot fumes and the like.

  The active compound combinations according to the invention are not only formulations that are already ready for use and can be applied to plants or seeds using suitable equipment, but also commercial concentrates that must be diluted with water before use Is also included. Conventional applications are, for example, dilution in water and subsequent spraying of the resulting spray solution, application after dilution in oil, direct application without dilution, seed treatment or soil application of granules. .

  The formulations mentioned are prepared in a manner known per se, for example by adding the active ingredient to at least one conventional bulking agent, solvent or diluent, adjuvant, emulsifier, dispersant and / or binder or fixative, wetting agent, repellent. Solutions, if appropriate desiccants and UV stabilizers, and if appropriate dyes and pigments, antifoams, preservatives, inorganic and organic thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins, and also further processing aids, As well as by mixing with water. Depending on the formulation type to be prepared, further processing steps are required, eg wet grinding, dry grinding and granulation.

  The active compound combinations according to the invention can be used as such or in their (commercial) formulations and in the forms of use prepared from these formulations, other (known) active ingredients such as insecticides, attractants. It can be present as a mixture with agents, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, fertilizers, safeners and / or information chemicals and the like.

  The treatment of plants and plant parts according to the invention using active ingredients or compositions can be carried out directly or by action on the surroundings, habitat or storage space, by conventional treatment methods, for example immersion, spraying, atomization, Irrigation, transpiration, dusting, fogging, broadcasting, foaming, spreading, spreading-on, irrigation, drip irrigation, and in the case of breeding materials, especially in the case of seeds Is also performed by dry seed treatment, wet seed treatment, slurry treatment, shell formation, coating with one or more coatings, and the like. It is also possible to develop the active ingredient by a micro method, or to inject the active ingredient preparation or the active ingredient itself into the soil.

  The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention exhibit a strong microbicidal activity and can be used for controlling unwanted microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria in crop protection and material protection.

  The invention also relates to a method for controlling unwanted microorganisms, characterized in that the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention are applied to phytopathogenic fungi, phytopathogenic bacteria and / or their habitats.

  Fungicides can be used for the control of phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection. They are characterized by outstanding potency against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, which include soil-borne pathogens, in particular Plasmophorophycetes, Peronosporomycetes (synonyms Ovum fungi ( Omycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes )) Is a member. Some fungicides have osmotic activity and can be used as leaf, seed dressing or soil fungicides in plant protection. Furthermore, they are suitable for combating fungi, especially fungi that parasitize the roots of wood or plants.

  Bactericides are used in crop protection for Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobaceaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacterium and Streptomyceae Streptomyces. be able to.

Non-limiting examples of fungal pathogens that can be treated according to the present invention include:
Diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, for example, Blumeria species, such as Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera species, such as Podosphaera sp. Sphaerotheca species, for example, Sphaerotheca friginea; Uncinula species, for example, Uncinula necator;
Diseases caused by rust disease pathogens, such as Gimnosporangium species, such as Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileis species such as Hemirea spp. (Hemileia vastatrix); Phakopsora species (e.g. Phacosora pachiridi); Phacosora peciliae (Phocosora peciliae); e), P.I. P. triticina, P. P. graminis or P. graminis P. striformis; caused by Uromyces species, such as Uromyces appendiculatus;
Diseases caused by pathogens from the group of Omycetes, such as Albugo species, such as Algubo candida; Bremia species, such as Bremi lacte Peronospora species, such as Peronospora pisi or P .; P. brassicae; Phytophthora species; eg, Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara species; eg, Plasmopara pistula p. species, such as Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperosporum cubensis; Phythium species, Phythium sp. Due to timum);
Leaf blotch disease and leaf wilt disease, such as Alternaria species, such as Alternaria solani, cercospora sp, C For example, Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporium species, such as Cladiosporium cucumulinum; Living born forms: Drechslera, synonyms: Helminthsporium, Cochliobolus miyabeanus; Choletotricium species, Coletotrichum species, Coletotrichum species specifications, eg, Cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species, eg, Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe species, Elsinoe species For example, Elsinoe faucetti; Gloeosporium species, such as Gloeosporium laeticor; Glomerella sp. Guignardia species, such as Guinardia bidwelli; Leptosperia species, such as Leptospharia pelvis, Sphaeria nodorum); Magnaporthe spp (Magnaporthe species), for example, Magnaporthe grisea (Magnaporthe grisea); Microdochium species (Microdochium species), for example Microdochium nivale (Microdochium nivale); Mikosufaerera species (Mycosphaerella species), e.g. Mikosufaerera-Guraminikora (Mycosphaerella gramicola), M.M. Arachidicola and M. arachidicola M. fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria species, such as Phaeosphaeria nodrum; Pirenophora species, Pelenophora species, such as Pelenophora species Pyrenophora tritici repentiis; Ramularia species, such as Ramularia collo-cygni, Ramularia sp. (Rumularia sp.) For example, Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species, such as Septoria aphi, Septoria lycopersi, Tula; incarnat); due to Venturia species, such as Venturia inaequalis;
Root and stem diseases, such as Corticium species, such as Corticium graminearum; Fusarium species, such as Fusarium esporum sp. For example, caused by Gaumanomyces graminis; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani, etc .; Caused by (Sarocladium oryzae); caused by Sclerotim disease, eg, Sclerotium oryzae; Tapesia species, eg, Tapesia opiella; Thielabiopsis species), for example, caused by Thielabiopsis basicola;
Diseases of ear and panicles (including corn cobs) such as Alternaria spp., Eg Alternaria spp .; Aspergillus species, eg Aspergillus flavus ); Cladosporium species, such as Cladosporium cladosporoides; Claviceps species, such as Claviceps spurpure For example, Fusarium kurumorum (Fusa Gibberella species; for example, Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, for example, Monograferia sp., for example, Monograferia sp. nodorum);
Diseases caused by smut fungi, such as Sphacerotheca species, such as Sfaceloteca reliana; Tilletia species, such as Tileti caries Controversa; Urocystis species, such as Urocystis occulta; Ustylago species, such as Ustilago, Nuda, Ustila Due to N. trida (U. nuda tritici);
Spoilage of fruits, such as Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis species, such as Botrytis cinerea; Botrytis cinerea; Expansam (Penicillium expansum) and P. P. purpurogenum; Sclerotinia species, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Verticillium species, such as Verticillium sp.
Seed and soil mediated corrosion, mold, wilt, rot and blight (eg seed and soil, decay, wilt, rot and dumping-off disease), eg, Alternaria species, eg, Alternaria species Caused by Alternaria brassicicola; Aphanomyces species, eg, caused by Aphanomyces eutices; Aspergillus species (Aspergi) lus species, for example, Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, for example, Cladosporum herbarum sp. For example, from Cochliobolus sativus; (conidia form: Drechslera, Bipolaris, synonyms: Helminthosporium); for example, Colletotrichum sp. Kot Caused by Colletotrichum coccodes; Fusarium species, eg, caused by Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, eg, Giberella e. Macrophina species, such as those caused by Macrophomina phaseolina; Monographella species, such as those belonging to the genus Monographella nivaris; Pen Cillium species, for example, due to Penicillium expansum; Forma species, for example, due to Fora lingam; Phomopsis sp., for example, Phomopsis sp. -Due to Phynophysis species, eg due to Phytophthora species (eg, Phytophthora cactrum); Pyrenophora species, eg Pyrenophora species What to do; Physiological species such as Pyricularia oryzae; Phythium species, such as genus sp, genus sp For example, caused by Rhizoctonia solani; Rhizopus species, for example, Rhizopus olsium, Sclerotium sclerotium, Sclerotis Due to Septoria species, such as those caused by Septoria nodrum; Typhula species, such as those caused by Typhula incarnata; For example due to Verticillium dahliae;
Cancer disease, gallbladder and witches' room, such as those caused by Nectria species, such as Nectria galligena;
Wilt disease, for example, caused by Monilinia species, such as Monilinia laxa;
Caused by leaf blister disease or leaf curl disease, eg, Exobasidium species, eg, Exobasidium vexans;
Taphrina species, for example, Taphrina deformans;
Degenerative diseases of woody plants, such as Esca disease, for example, Phaemonella clamidospora, Phaeoacremonium aureophilia, and Fimeticia pneumonia Dyeback (e.g., due to Eutypa lata); Ganoderma disease (e.g., Ganoderma boninense); e.g., Rigidporice disease (R) Due to Doporusu-Rigunosasu (Rigidoporus lignosus);
Flower and seed diseases, such as those caused by Botrytis species, such as Botrytis cinerea;
Diseases of plant tubers, such as Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosporum species, such as Helminthorium suloni ;
Root nodules, such as those resulting from Plasmodiophora species, such as Plasmodifora brassicae;
Diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, such as Xanthomonas species, such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. Oryzae; Pseudomonas species, Pseudomonas species, Pseudomonas species pv. lacrymans); derived from Erwinia species, such as Erwinia amylovara.

The following diseases of soybean can be preferably controlled:
Fungal diseases of leaves, stems, pods and seeds, such as Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spp. Atlans tenuisima), anthrax (Colletotricum gloeosporides dematium varieties Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. Truncatum), brown spot (Septria glycines), Sercospora colek and cercospora lech (cercospora lech) Coreephora leaf blight (chonephora l af bright) (Chonaphora infundibulifria trispoor (synonyms)), dactriophora esophyllo esophylloty (s)・ Manshlica (Peronospora manshurica), drechslera blight (Drechslera glycini), frogeye leaf spot (s) Leptophaerulina leaf spot (Leptosphaerulina trifolii), phyllostica leaf pot (phyllostica leaf fot) blight (Phomopsis sojae), powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa), Pyrenochaeta leaf spot (pirenochat y) Dead and spider Rhizoctonia aerial, foliage, and web blight (Rhizoctonia solani), rust (Phakopsora pakirhih, Phakopsora pachirhip・ Glycines (Sphaphyllium leafbright) (Stemphylium botryosum), Target spot (Corynespora cori ss) What to do.

  Fungal diseases of the roots and stems, such as black root rot (Calonetria crotalariae), charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina, red rot of macrophomina phaseolina) Or Fusarium blight or rot, and pod and color rot (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthotherm) Fusarium semectum), Fusarium ek Seti (Fusarium equiseti), Mycoletodiscus root rot (Mycoletodiscus terrestris), Neocosmospora os (Necosmospora os) Pod and stem blight (Diaporte phaseolum), stem cancer (Diaporte phaseolum var. Var. Rot. Var. ophthora rot (Phytophthora megapatma), brown stem rot (Phialophora gregata), phytium phytium rot (Phythium rot moth) Phythium irregulare, Phythium debaryanum, Phythium myriotyrum, ro phytosis, rot, and zodiac , Stem decay, and damping-off) (Rhizoctonia solani), sclerotia stem decoction (Sclerotinia sclerotia) Due to Rolfushi (Sclerotinia rolfsii), Thielabiopsis root rot (Thieraviopsis basicola).

  The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention can be used for the therapeutic or protective / prophylactic control of phytopathogenic fungi. The present invention therefore also relates to therapeutic and protective methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi by use of the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention, wherein the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention comprise It is applied to the soil on which seeds, plants or plant parts, fruits or plants grow.

  The fact that the active ingredient is well tolerated by the plant at the concentrations required to control plant diseases allows for the treatment of above-ground parts of plants, breeding rootstocks and seeds, and soil.

  According to the present invention, all plants and plant parts can be treated. By plant is meant all plants and plant populations, such as desirable and undesired wild plants, cultivars and plant varieties, whether or not they can be protected by plant varieties or plant grower rights. Cultivars and plant varieties are produced by one or more biotechnology methods, such as doubled haploid, protoplast fusion, random and directed mutagenesis, use of molecular or genetic markers, or biotechnological methods and It can be a plant obtained by conventional breeding and breeding methods that can be aided or supplemented by genetic engineering methods. Plant parts mean all above-ground and underground parts and organs of the plant, such as shoots, leaves, flowers and roots, for example leaves, needles, stems, branches, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits and seeds. Similarly, roots, corms and rhizomes are listed. Crop and vegetative and reproductive propagation materials such as cuttings, corms, rhizomes, stems and seeds also belong to the plant part.

  The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention have favorable isothermal animal toxicity, are well tolerated by the environment, improve the quality of the harvest material to increase the yield to protect plants and plant organs Suitable for doing. These can preferably be used as crop protection compositions. They are usually active against sensitive and resistant species and against all or some developmental stages.

  The active compound combinations according to the invention are also suitable for protecting the seeds of any plant variety used in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in the forest or in horticulture and viticulture.

  Plants that can be treated according to the present invention include the following main crop plants: corn, soybean, alfalfa, cotton, sunflower, Brassica oil seeds such as Brassica napus (as an example) Canola, rapeseed), Brassica rapa, B.I. B. juncea (e.g. mustard (field mustard)) and brassica carinata (e.g., Alaceacee sp.) (E.g. oil palm, coconut), rice, wheat, sugar beet, Sugar cane, oats, rye, barley, millet and sorghum, triticale, flax, nuts, grapes and vines, and various fruits and vegetables from various botanical classifications, for example, Rosaceae sp. ( Examples include berries, such as apples and pears, as well as nuclear fruits, such as apricots, cherries, almonds, plums and peaches, and berries, such as strawberries, raspberries, red currants and blackcurrants. ), Ribesioidae sp., Walnut plant (Juglandaceae sp.), Birch plant (Betulaceae sp.), Urachaceae plant (Anacardiacee sp.), Beech family plant (Fegaceae) , Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp. (For example, olive), Matavidaceae (Actinidaceae sp.), Lauraceae sp. (For example, avocado, cinnamon, camphor) , Musaceae sp. (Example banana trees and plantations), Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae sp.) (Example coffee), Camellia Plants (Theaceae sp.) (For example, tea), Aegiriaceae (Sterculicae sp.), Rutaceae (Rutaceae sp.) (For example, lemon, orange, mandarin and grapefruit); Solanasae sp. Examples include tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, peppers, eggplants, tobacco), Liliaceae sp., Compositae sp. (Eg lettuce, artichoke and chicory-root chicory, endive or (Including common chicory), celery family plants (Umbelliferae sp.) ) (For example carrots, parsley, celery and celeriac), Cucurbitaceae sp. (For example including cucumber-gherkin, pumpkin, watermelon, gourd and melon), Alliumaceae (Alliaceae sp) .) (Example: leek and onion), cruciferae sp. (Example: white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, chinsai, kohlrabi, radish, horseradish, watercress and Chinese cabbage), legumes (Leguminosae sp.) (Examples are peanuts, peas, lentils and legumes—examples are kidney beans and broad beans), red crustaceae (Chenopodiace) e sp.) (for example, chard, feed beet, spinach, beetroot), flaxaceae (Linaceae sp.) (for example, Asa), cassaceae (Cannabeacea sp.) (for example, cannabis), mallow (for example) Malvaceae sp.) (Eg okra, cocoa), Papaveraceae (eg poppy), Asparagaceae (eg asparagus); lawn, lawn, grass and Stevia rebaudiana (Stevia rebaudiana) Useful plants and ornamental plants in gardens and forests; and in each case genetically modified forms of these plants.

  The active compound combinations according to the invention also exhibit a strong reinforcing effect in plants. They can therefore be used to mobilize plant defenses against attack by undesirable microorganisms.

  Plant strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances, in the context of the present invention, develop a high resistance against these microorganisms when the treated plant is subsequently inoculated with unwanted microorganisms, It is understood to mean a substance capable of stimulating the defense system of plants.

  The active compound combinations according to the invention are also suitable for increasing the yield of crops.

Furthermore, in the context of the present invention, plant physiological effects include:
Abiotic stress tolerance, which is temperature tolerance, drought tolerance and recovery after drought stress, water use efficiency (correlated with reduced water consumption), flooding tolerance, ozone stress and UV tolerance, heavy metals, salt, pesticides ( Tolerance to chemical substances such as safeners.

  Biological stress tolerance, including improved fungal resistance and improved resistance to nematodes, viruses and bacteria. In the context of the present invention, biological stress tolerance preferably includes improved fungal resistance and improved resistance to nematodes.

  Improved plant viability, including plant health / plant quality and seed viability, reduced stand failure, improved appearance, improved resilience, improved greening effect and improved photosynthetic efficiency.

  Effects on plant hormones and / or functional enzymes.

Effects on growth regulators (promoters), which are earlier germination, better germination, improved development of root system and / or root growth, improved tillering ability, more effective tiller, earlier Flowering, plant height and / or biomass increase, stem shortening, shoot growth, number of grains / ear, number of ears / m ² , improvement of the number of roots and / or flowers, increase of harvest index, Larger leaves, fewer dead roots, improved stratification, faster ripening / early fruiting termination, uniform maturation, increased ripening duration, better fruiting termination, larger fruit / plant size, Includes sprouting resistance and lodging reduction.

Yield increase, which refers to total biomass per hectare, yield per hectare, grain / fruit weight, seed size and / or hectoliter weight, as well as improved product quality:
Size distribution (grain, fruit, etc.), uniform maturity, grain moisture, better crushing, better winemaking, better brewing, increased juice yield, harvestability, digestibility, sedimentation value, falling number , Improved sheath length, storage stability, improved fiber length / strength / uniformity, improved silage-fed animal milk and / or meat quality, improved processability for adaptation to cooking and frying;
In addition, improved fruit / grain quality, size distribution (grains, fruits, etc.), improved shelf life / shelf life, firmness / softness, flavor (aroma, texture, etc.), grade (size, shape, number of berries) Etc.), including marketability improvements in terms of number of berries / fruits per bunch, crispness, freshness, wax coverage, frequency of physiological disturbances, color, etc .;
Furthermore, an increase in the desired ingredients, eg protein content, fatty acids, oil content, oil quality, amino acid composition, sugar content, acid content (pH), sugar / acid ratio (Brix), polyphenol, starch content, nutritional quality, gluten Including content / index, energy content, flavor, etc .;
As well as reduced unwanted components, such as less mycotoxins, less aflatoxins, geosmin levels, phenolic aromas, laccases, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases, nitrate content, and the like.

Sustainable agriculture, which improves nutrient use efficiency, especially nitrogen (N) use efficiency, phosphorus (P) use efficiency, water use efficiency, transpiration, respiration and / or CO ₂ assimilation rate, better Includes nodule formation and improved Ca metabolism.

  Delayed senescence, which is manifested in longer ripening periods, for example, leading to higher plant yields, longer green leaf coloration periods and hence plant physiology including color (greening), water content, dryness, etc. Includes functional improvements. Thus, in the context of the present invention, the application of certain active compound combinations of the present invention has been found to allow an extension of the green leaf area duration, which delays plant aging (aging). It was done. A major advantage for farmers is a longer ripening period that leads to higher yields. There is also an advantage for farmers based on the fact that the harvest time can be made larger and more flexible.

  As used herein, “sedimentation value” is a measure for the quality of a protein and describes the degree of sedimentation of flour suspended in a lactic acid solution during a standard time interval according to zeleni (zeleny value). Is. This is taken as a measure of bread making quality. The expansion of the gluten fraction of the flour in the lactic acid solution affects the sedimentation rate of the flour suspension. Both higher gluten content and better gluten quality slow down settling and increase the zereni test value. The settling value of wheat flour depends on the wheat protein composition and is most correlated with protein content, wheat firmness, and dish and oven loaf volume. Compared to SDS sedimentation volume, a stronger correlation between loaf volume and zeleni sedimentation volume may be due to protein content affecting both volume and zereni values (Czech J. Food Sci. Vol. 21). , No. 3: 91-96, 2000).

  Furthermore, the “falling number” referred to herein is a measure for the bread-making quality of cereals, especially wheat. The falling number test indicates that germination damage may have occurred. This means that changes to the physical properties of the starch portion of the wheat kernel have already occurred. In this specification, the falling number device analyzes the viscosity by measuring the resistance of the flour and water paste to the falling plunger. The time (in seconds) at which this occurs is known as the falling number. Falling number results are recorded as an indicator of enzyme activity in a wheat or flour sample and the results are expressed in time as seconds. A high falling number (eg, greater than 300 seconds) indicates a minimum enzyme activity and healthy quality wheat or flour. A low falling number (eg, less than 250 seconds) indicates substantial enzyme activity and germinated damaged wheat or flour.

  The term “more developed root system” / “root growth improvement” means longer root system, deeper root growth, faster root growth, higher root dry / fresh weight, greater root volume, greater root surface area, greater Refers to root diameter, higher root stability, more root branching, more root hairs, and / or more root tips and analyzes root structure using a suitable methodology and image analysis program (eg WinRhizo) Can be measured.

  The term “crop water use efficiency” refers technically to the amount of agricultural product per unit of water consumed, and economically to the value of the product (s) per unit of water consumed, By way of example, the yield per ha, the biomass of the plant, the mass of 1000 grains and the number of ears per m2 can be measured in units.

  The term “nitrogen efficiency” technically refers to the amount of agricultural product per unit nitrogen consumed, and economically the value of the product (s) per unit nitrogen consumed. , Reflecting uptake and utilization efficiency.

  Greening / color improvement and photosynthetic efficiency improvement as well as aging delay can be measured using well-known techniques such as the HandyPea system (Hanstech). Fv / Fm is a parameter that is widely used to indicate the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII). This parameter is widely considered to be a selective indicator of plant photosynthetic performance and typically achieves a maximum Fv / Fm value of about 0.85 in healthy samples. Lower values are observed when the sample is exposed to certain types of biological or abiotic stress factors that reduce the ability of photochemical quenching of energy within PSII. Fv / Fm is shown as the ratio of variable fluorescence (Fv) to maximum fluorescence value (Fm). The performance index is essentially an indicator of the vitality of the sample (see, for example, Advanced Technologies in Soul Microbiology, 2007, 11, 319-341; Applied Soul Ecology, 2000, 15, 169-1). Wanna)

  Greening improvement / color improvement and photosynthetic efficiency improvement, as well as aging delay, can also be measured by measuring net photosynthetic rate (Pn), eg chlorophyll content by Ziegler and Ehle dye extraction method, photochemical efficiency ) Measurement, shoot growth and determination of final root and / or canopy biomass, determination of tiller density, as well as determination of root mortality.

  In the context of the present invention, preference is given to improving plant physiological effects selected from the group comprising: enhanced root growth / more developed root system, improved greening, improved water use efficiency (water Correlation with reduced consumption), especially improved nutrient use efficiency, including improved nitrogen (N) use efficiency, delayed aging and increased yield.

  Among the increased yields, preference is given to improving the sedimentation number and falling number, as well as improving the protein and sugar content-especially for plants selected from the group of cereals (preferably wheat). .

  Preferably, the novel use of the fungicidal composition according to the invention comprises: a) preventative and / or therapeutic control of pathogenic fungi and / or nematodes with or without resistance management And b) use in combination with at least one of increased root growth, improved greening, improved water use efficiency, delayed aging and increased yield. From group b) an increase in root system, water use efficiency and N use efficiency is particularly preferred.

  The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention are also suitable for treating seed. Most of the damage to crop plants caused by pests is triggered by seed infection during storage or after sowing, and also during planting and after germination. This period is particularly critical since the roots and shoots of growing plants are particularly sensitive and even small damage can lead to plant death. Therefore, it is of great interest to protect seeds and germinating plants by using appropriate compositions.

  Control of phytopathogenic fungi by treating plant seeds has been known for a long time and is the subject of continuous improvement. However, seed treatment involves a series of problems that cannot always be solved satisfactorily. For example, it is desirable to develop a method for protecting seeds and germinating plants that eliminates, or at least significantly reduces, the further development of the crop protection composition after planting or emergence of the plants. Optimize the amount of active ingredient used to provide the best possible protection from attack by phytopathogenic fungi on seeds and germinating plants without damaging the plant itself by the active ingredient used Is also desirable. In particular, seed treatment methods should also take into account the inherent fungicidal properties of transgenic plants in order to achieve optimal protection of seeds and germinating plants while minimizing the consumption of crop protection compositions. It is.

  The invention therefore also relates to a method for the protection of seed and germinating plants from attack by phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seed with an active compound combination or composition according to the invention. The invention also relates to the use of the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention for the treatment of seeds for the protection of seeds and germinating plants from phytopathogenic fungi. The invention further relates to seed treated with an active compound combination or composition according to the invention for protection from phytopathogenic fungi.

  Control of phytopathogenic fungi that damage plants after emergence is performed primarily by treating soil and above-ground parts of plants with crop protection compositions. Due to concerns about the potential impact of crop protection compositions on the environment and human and animal health, there are attempts to reduce the amount of active ingredient deployed.

  One advantage of the present invention is that the unique osmotic transfer properties of the active compound combination or composition according to the present invention is that the treatment of the seed with said active ingredient and composition results not only in the seed itself but also in the resulting postemergence This means that the plant is also protected from phytopathogenic fungi. In this way, immediate treatment of the crop at or immediately after sowing can be eliminated.

  Likewise, the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention can also be used in particular with transgenic plants and / or seeds, in which case the plants or plants growing from these seeds are capable of expressing proteins acting against pests. It is considered advantageous to have By treating such seeds with the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention, it is possible to control certain pests only by the expression of proteins, for example insecticidal proteins. Surprisingly, in this case, a further synergistic effect can be observed, which further improves the effectiveness of protection against pest attack.

  Also as described below, the treatment of transgenic plants or seeds with an active compound combination or composition according to the invention is particularly significant. This relates to plant seeds containing at least one heterologous gene. Definitions and examples of suitable heterologous genes are given below.

  In the context of the present invention, the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention are applied to the seed either alone or in a suitable formulation. Preferably, the seed is treated in a sufficiently stable state so as not to cause damage during the course of treatment. In general, seeds can be treated at any time between harvest and sowing. It is customary to use seeds that have been separated from the plant and from which the cobs, shells, stalks, skins, hairs or flesh have been removed. For example, it is possible to use seeds that have been harvested, purified and dried to reduce the water content to less than 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seeds that have been dried, for example treated with water and then dried again.

  When treating seeds, in general, the amount of active compound combination or composition according to the invention applied to the seeds and / or the amount of further additives does not harm the germination of the seeds or damage the resulting plant. Note that you will be selected. This must be kept in mind, especially in the case of active ingredients that may have phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.

  The active compound combinations according to the invention can be applied directly, i.e. without containing any other constituents and without being diluted. In general, it is preferred to apply the composition to the seed in the form of a suitable formulation. Suitable formulations and methods for seed treatment are known to those skilled in the art, for example, the following materials: US 4,272,417, US 4,245,432, US 4,808,430, US 5,876,739, US 2003 / 0176428A1, WO2002 / 080675, and WO2002 / 028186.

  The active ingredients which can be used according to the invention are converted into customary seed dressing formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other seed coating compositions, and also ULV formulations etc. Can do.

  These formulations are prepared in a known manner with the active ingredient as conventional additives such as customary bulking agents and also solvents or diluents, dyes, wetting agents, dispersing agents, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, Prepared by mixing with next thickener, adhesive, gibberellin and also water.

  Useful pigments that may be present in seed dressing formulations that can be used according to the present invention are all pigments customary for such purposes. Either a pigment that is barely soluble in water or a water-soluble dye can be used. Examples include rhodamine B, C.I. I. Pigment Red 112 and C.I. I. A dye known by the name of Solvent Red 1 is mentioned.

  Useful wetting agents that may be present in seed dressing formulations that can be used in accordance with the present invention are all substances that promote wetting and are conventionally used for the formulation of active pesticide ingredients. Preference is given to using alkyl naphthalene sulfonates such as diisopropyl or diisobutyl naphthalene sulfonate.

  Useful dispersants and / or emulsifiers that may be present in seed dressing formulations that can be used in accordance with the present invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic that are conventionally used for the formulation of active pesticide ingredients. It is a dispersant. Preferably usable are nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants. Suitable nonionic dispersants include, among others, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristryrylphenol polyglycol ethers, and their phosphorylated or sulfated derivatives. Suitable anionic dispersants are in particular lignosulfonates, polyacrylates and aryl sulfonate / formaldehyde condensates.

  Antifoaming agents that may be present in seed dressing formulations that can be used according to the present invention are all suds suppressors that are conventionally used for the formulation of active pesticide ingredients. Silicone antifoaming agents and magnesium stearate can be preferably used.

  Preservatives that may be present in seed dressing formulations that can be used in accordance with the present invention are all substances that can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples include dichlorophen and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.

  Secondary thickeners that may be present in seed dressing formulations that can be used according to the present invention are all substances that can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Preferred examples include cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clay and fine silica.

  Adhesives that may be present in seed dressing formulations that can be used according to the present invention are all customary binders that can be used in seed dressing products. Preferred examples include polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tyrose.

  The gibberellins that may be present in the seed dressing formulation that can be used according to the invention can preferably be gibberellin A1, A3 (= gibberellic acid), A4 and A7; particularly preferred is the use of gibberellic acid.

  The seed dressing formulation that can be used according to the present invention can be used directly or after pre-dilution with water for the treatment of a wide range of different seeds including the seeds of transgenic plants. In this case, an additional synergistic effect may occur due to the interaction with the substance formed by the expression.

  For the treatment of seeds with a seed dressing formulation that can be used according to the invention or with a preparation prepared therefrom by adding water, all mixing units conventionally available for seed dressing are Useful. Specifically, the procedure in seed dressing involves placing seeds in a mixer, adding a specific desired amount of seed dressing formulation as it is or after pre-dilution with water, and the formulation is evenly dispersed on the seed. Until everything is mixed. If appropriate, this is followed by a drying process.

  The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention can also be used in the protection of materials to protect industrial materials from attack and destruction by unwanted microorganisms such as fungi and insects.

  In addition, the active compound combinations according to the invention can be used alone or in combination with other active ingredients as anti-fouling compositions.

  Industrial materials are understood in the context of the present invention to mean non-biological materials prepared for industrial use. For example, industrial materials that are to be protected from microbiological alteration or destruction by active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention include adhesives, adhesives, paper, wallpaper and board / cardboard, textiles, carpets, leather, It can be wood, fibers and thin fabrics, paints and plastic products, cooling lubricants and other materials that can be infected or destroyed by microorganisms. Production plants and parts of buildings that can be damaged by microbial growth, such as cooling water circuits, cooling and heating systems and ventilation and air conditioning units, can also be mentioned within the scope of the material to be protected. Industrial materials within the scope of the present invention preferably include adhesives, sizing agents, paper and cardboard, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat exchange fluids, more preferably wood.

  The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention can prevent detrimental effects such as decay, corrosion, discoloration, discoloration or mold formation.

  In the case of wood treatment, the active compound combinations according to the invention can also be used against fungal diseases liable to grow on or inside timber. The term “timber” means all types of wood species, and all types of workpieces of this wood intended for construction, such as solid wood, high density wood, laminated wood and plywood. The method of treating timber according to the invention mainly consists in contacting one or more compounds according to the invention or a composition according to the invention; this can be, for example, direct application, spraying, dipping, pouring or any Other suitable means are included.

  In addition, the active compound combinations according to the invention can be used to protect objects in contact with seawater or brackish water, in particular hulls, screens, nets, buildings, mooring equipment and communication systems from fouling.

  The method of the invention for controlling unwanted fungi can also be used for the protection of stored goods. Preserved products are understood to mean natural substances of plant or animal origin or processed products thereof that are of natural origin and for which long-term protection is desired. Preserved products of plant origin, such as plants or plant parts, such as stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, grains, etc., in freshly harvested or (pre) dry, moist, shredded, crushed, pressed or It can protect in the state after processing by roasting. Preserved products also include timber, both unprocessed, such as building timber, utility poles and fences, or in the form of finished products, such as furniture. Preserved items of animal origin are, for example, animal skin, leather, fur and hair. The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention can prevent detrimental effects such as decay, corrosion, discoloration, discoloration or mold formation.

  Microorganisms capable of degrading or altering industrial materials include, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and mucus organisms. The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention are preferably fungi, in particular molds, wood-discoloring and wood-destroying fungi (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes) and mating Acts on fungi (Zygomycetes)) and on mucus organisms and algae. Examples include microorganisms of the following genera: Alternaria, such as Alternaria tenuis; Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger; Cetium For example, Ketomium globosum; Coniophora, for example Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, for example, Lentinium; (Penicilli um glaucum); Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor; Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans, etc .; Pichiophylla (Sclerophoma pitophylla) and the like; Trichoderma, for example, Trichoderma viride, etc .; Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis sp. la spp.), Petriella spp., Trichurus spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Pleurotus sp. ), Polya spp., Serpula spp., Tyromyces spp., Cladosporium spp., Paecilomyces spp. Genus species (Mucor spp.), Escherichia, such as Escherichia coli; Scan genus (Pseudomonas), for example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the like; Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus), for example Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus), etc., Candida species (Candida spp. ) And Saccharomyces spp., Such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

  In addition, the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention also have very good antifungal activity. These are especially against dermatophytes and yeasts, molds and biphasic fungi (eg against Candida species, eg C. albicans, C. glabrata, etc.) ), And Epidermophyton floccosum, Aspergillus species such as A. A. niger and A. niger Trichophyton species, such as A. fumigatus, such as T. fumigatus. Microsporon species such as M. tagrophytes, such as M. globules. M. canis and M. canis It has a very broad spectrum of antifungal activity against M. audouinii and the like. These lists of fungi in no way constitute a limitation of the fungal spectrum covered, but are merely exemplary in nature.

  The active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention can therefore be used in both medical and non-medical applications.

  As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all plants and their parts according to the invention. In preferred embodiments, wild-type plant species and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and portions thereof are treated. In further preferred embodiments, transgenic plants and plant cultivars (genetically modified organisms) and parts thereof obtained by genetic engineering methods combined with conventional methods, if appropriate, are treated. The terms “parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” are explained above. More preferably, plants of plant cultivars that are commercially available or used are treated according to the present invention. Plant cultivars are understood to mean plants obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA technology, having a novel property (“trait”). They can be cultivars, varieties, biotypes or genotypes.

  The treatment method according to the invention can be used in the treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMO), for example plants or seeds. A genetically modified plant (or transgenic plant) is a plant in which a heterologous gene is stably integrated into the genome. The expression “heterologous gene” is essentially a gene supplied or constructed outside a plant that expresses the protein or polypeptide of interest when introduced into the nucleus, chloroplast or mitochondrial genome. Or down-regulate or silence other gene (s) present in the plant (eg, using antisense technology, co-suppression technology, RNA interference-RNAi-technology or microRNA-miRNA-technology) By singing is meant a gene that confers new or improved agronomic or other properties to the transformed plant. A heterologous gene located in the genome is also called a transgene. A transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant genome is called a transformation or gene transfer event.

  Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth conditions (soil, climate, growth period, nutrition), the treatment according to the invention can also lead to an additive (“synergistic”) effect. . Thus, for example, reducing the application rate of active compounds and compositions that can be used according to the invention and / or broadening the activity spectrum and / or improving the activity, better plant growth, improved resistance to high or low temperatures. , Improved tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, improved flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher yield, larger fruit, larger plant height, darker green leaf color, earlier Flowering, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested product, higher fruit sugar concentration, better storage stability and / or processability of the harvested product are possible and are actually expected It exceeds the effect.

  The active compound combinations according to the invention also have a strong reinforcing effect in plants. They are therefore also suitable for mobilizing plant defense systems against attack by unwanted microorganisms. This may be one of the reasons for the increased activity of the active compound combinations according to the invention, where appropriate. Plant strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances, in the context of the present invention, appear to exhibit a substantial degree of resistance to these microorganisms when the treated plant is subsequently inoculated with unwanted microorganisms. In addition, it is understood to mean a substance or a combination of substances capable of stimulating the defense system of plants. In the present case, unwanted microorganisms are understood to mean phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the substances according to the invention can be used to protect plants against attack by the above mentioned pathogens within a certain period of time after treatment. The period during which protection is effective generally ranges from 1 to 10 days, preferably from 1 to 7 days, after treatment of the plant with the active compound.

  Plants and plant cultivars that are preferably treated according to the present invention include all plants having genetic material that imparts particularly advantageous and useful traits to these plants (obtained by breeding and / or biotechnological means) Even).

  Plants and plant cultivars that are also preferably treated according to the invention are resistant to one or more biological stresses, i.e. the plants are resistant to harmful animals and harmful microorganisms, e.g. nematodes. Better protection against insects, ticks, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and / or viroids.

  Examples of nematodes or insect-resistant plants are those mentioned, for example, in WO2012 / 045798A1 and WO2012 / 088757A1.

  Plants and plant cultivars that can also be treated according to the present invention are plants that are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses. Abiotic stress conditions include, for example, drought, low temperature exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients , Limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, shade avoidance.

  Plants and plant cultivars that can also be treated according to the invention are plants characterized by increased yield characteristics. Yield increase in the plant is, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, nitrogen use improvement, enhanced carbon assimilation, photosynthesis improvement, germination efficiency and ripening acceleration Etc. can be the result. In addition, improved plant composition (under stress and non-stress conditions) can affect yield, including, but not limited to, early flowering, hybrid seed production. For flowering control, seedling growth, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear , Seed mass, increased seed ripening, reduced seed scattering, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance. Further yield traits include seed composition such as carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and oil composition, nutritional value, reduction of anti-nutrient compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.

  Plants that can be treated according to the present invention are hybrid plants that have already developed heterosis, i.e. hybrid stress characteristics, that generally result in higher yields, vigor, health and resistance to biological and abiotic stresses. Such plants are typically made by crossing an inbred male sterile parent line (female parent) with another inbred male fertile parent line (male parent). Hybrid seed is typically harvested from male sterile plants and sold to growers. Male sterile plants can sometimes be produced (eg, in corn) by ear removal, ie, mechanical removal of the male reproductive organs (ie, male flowers), but more typically, male steriles are The result of genetic determinants within the genome. In that case, and particularly when the seed is the desired product to be harvested from the hybrid plant, it is typically useful to ensure that male fertility is fully restored in the hybrid plant. This is achieved by ensuring that the male parent has an appropriate fertility-recovering gene capable of restoring male fertility in hybrid plants containing genetic determinants involved in male sterility. be able to. The genetic determinant of male sterility can be located in the cytoplasm. Examples of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) have been described, for example, in Brassica species (WO 92/05251, WO 95/09910, WO 98/27806, WO 2005/002324, WO 2006/021972 and US 6,229,072). ). However, male sterility genetic determinants can also be located in the nuclear genome. Male sterile plants can also be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic manipulation. A particularly useful means for obtaining male sterile plants is described in WO 89/10396, where, for example, ribonucleases such as barnase are selectively expressed in tapetum cells in the stamen. Fertility can then be restored by expression of a ribonuclease inhibitor, such as balster, in tapetum cells (eg WO91 / 02069).

  Plants or plant cultivars that can be treated according to the present invention (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) have been made resistant to herbicide-tolerant plants, ie one or more given herbicides It is a plant. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing mutations that confer such herbicide tolerance.

  Herbicide-resistant plants are, for example, glyphosate-tolerant plants, ie plants made tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate or a salt thereof. Plants can be made resistant to glyphosate through different means, such as those mentioned in WO2012 / 045798A1 and WO2012 / 088757A1.

  Other herbicide resistant plants are, for example, plants made tolerant to herbicides that inhibit the enzyme glutamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinotricin or glufosinate. Such plants can be obtained, for example, by the methods mentioned in WO2012 / 045798A1 and WO2012 / 088757A1.

  Additional herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants that have been rendered resistant to herbicides that inhibit the enzyme hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). HPPD is an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that converts para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) to homogentisate. Plants that are resistant to HPPD inhibitors encode genes encoding naturally occurring resistant HPPD enzymes, or mutant or chimeric HPPD enzymes, for example as mentioned in WO2012 / 045798A1 and WO2012 / 088757A1. Can be transformed with the gene.

  Still further herbicide resistant plants are plants that have been rendered tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Known ALS inhibitors include, for example, sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, triazolopyrimidines, priimidinoxy (thio) benzoates and / or sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides. Different mutations in the ALS enzyme (also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase, AHAS) are known to confer resistance to different herbicides and herbicide groups (referred to in WO2012 / 045798A1 and WO2012 / 0889757A1). See corresponding references).

  Plants or plant cultivars that can also be treated according to the present invention (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) are resistant to attack by insect-resistant transgenic plants, ie certain target insects. Plant. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing mutations that confer such insect resistance.

  As used herein, “insect resistance transgenic plants” relates to the insect resistance transgenic plants mentioned in WO2012 / 045798A1 and WO2012 / 0889757A1.

  Plants or plant cultivars that can also be treated according to the present invention (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) are resistant to abiotic stress. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selecting plants containing mutations that confer such stress resistance. Particularly useful stress-tolerant plants are those mentioned in WO2012 / 045798A1 and WO2012 / 088757A1.

  Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering, etc.) that can also be treated according to the present invention can be used to change the quantity, quality and / or storage stability of harvested products and / or harvested products. These are similar to those from the transgenic plants mentioned in WO2012 / 045798A1 and WO2012 / 0889757A1.

  Plants or plant cultivars that can also be treated according to the present invention (which can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) are plants with altered oil profile characteristics, such as Brassica or closely related Brassica. Such as plants. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by selection of plants containing mutations that confer such oil profile property changes, including the rape plants mentioned in WO2012 / 045798A1 and WO2012 / 0889757A1. Is mentioned.

  Particularly useful transgenic plants that can be treated by the present invention are transformation events or combinations of transformation events that are the subject of an application to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Quarantine Station (APHIS) for exemption in the United States. It does not matter whether the application has been approved or is still pending.

  Particularly useful transgenic plants that can be treated according to the present invention are plants that contain a transformation event or a combination of transformation events and are those mentioned in WO2012 / 045798A1 and WO2012 / 0889757A1.

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides the following effects:
-Control of phytopathogenic fungi in or on plants,
-Control of phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection,
-Improved plant vitality and / or improved plant development (especially improved plant growth, preferably increased plant growth rate),
-Increased pigment content and / or increased photosynthetic activity (preferably increased chlorophyll content, thereby obtaining darker green leaves ("greening") and / or larger leaves (especially larger leaf blades) about),
An increase in biomass, eg higher fresh weight (FW) and / or dry weight (DW), preferably increased plant weight (especially higher fruit weight (per fruit) or higher kernel weight (per kernel) ) And / or higher fruit total yield or higher grain total yield), and / or increased plant height, etc.
-Increased nutrient content, especially micronutrient content (especially macronutrient content (especially N, P and / or K)), protein content (especially water soluble protein increase), vitamin content (especially An increase in vitamin A, B ₁ , B ₂ , C and / or E) and / or an increase in the amount of essential amino acids,
A method for achieving one, some or all of the following: an active compound combination according to the invention or a composition according to the invention on seeds, plants, plant parts (preferably fruits and / or leaves) Alternatively, the present invention relates to a method characterized by applying to a soil where a plant grows or is supposed to grow.

  The effects observed in the context of the present invention are, inter alia, active compound combinations according to the invention (as defined above, preferably in one of the preferred embodiments), or (above, preferably preferred). Observed in the foliar treatment of plants or parts thereof with a composition according to the invention (defined in one of the embodiments).

  When using the active compound combinations or compositions according to the invention, the application rates can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the type of application.

  In a preferred method according to the invention, the active compound combination according to the invention or the composition according to the invention is applied to seeds or leaves, wherein the amount of active compound combination for the leaves in the application is in the range from 400 to 3000 g / ha (preferably In the range of 500 to 2500 g / ha, more preferably in the range of 600 to 2000 g / ha and even more preferably in the range of 700 to 1700 g / ha), and in seed treatment 2 to 200 g, preferably 100 kg, per 100 kg of seed. In the range of 5 to 150 g per seed, more preferably 10 to 100 g per 100 kg seed.

  The active compound combinations according to the invention or the compositions according to the invention can be used to protect plants against attack by the mentioned pathogens for a certain period after treatment. The period during which protection is provided is generally 1 to 28 days, preferably 1 to 14 days, more preferably 1 to 10 days, most preferably 1 to 7 days, or after seed treatment, after treatment of the plant with the active ingredient. , Spanning up to 200 days.

  The listed plants can be treated particularly advantageously with the active compound combinations according to the invention and the compositions according to the invention according to the invention. The active compound combinations according to the invention have an activity that exceeds the simple addition of activity. The improved activity of the active compound combinations according to the invention is evident from the examples below.

  A synergistic effect exists when the activity of the active compound combination exceeds the total activity when the active compounds are applied individually.

The expected activity for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated as follows (Colby, SR, “Calculating Synthetic Response and Antibiotic Responses of Herbide Combinations”, Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22):
X is the efficacy when active compound A is applied at an application rate of m ppm (or g / ha);
Y is the efficacy when active compound B is applied at an application rate of n ppm (or g / ha);
Where E is the efficacy when active compounds A and B are applied at application rates of m and n ppm (or g / ha) respectively;

It is.

  The degree of efficacy is expressed in%. 0% means an efficacy corresponding to that of the control.

  If the observed activity exceeds the calculated value, the combined activity exceeds the additive, ie there is a synergistic effect. In this case, the actually observed efficacy is necessarily greater than the expected efficacy (E) value calculated from the above equation.

In another aspect, the invention provides:
-Control of phytopathogenic fungi in or on plants,
-Control of phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection,
-Improved plant vitality and / or improved plant development (especially improved plant growth, preferably increased plant growth rate),
-Increased pigment content and / or increased photosynthetic activity (preferably increased chlorophyll content, thereby obtaining darker green leaves ("greening") and / or larger leaves (especially larger leaf blades) about),
An increase in biomass, eg higher fresh weight (FW) and / or dry weight (DW), preferably increased plant weight (especially higher fruit weight (per fruit) or higher kernel weight (per kernel) ) And / or higher fruit total yield or higher grain total yield), and / or increased plant height, etc.
-Increased nutrient content, especially micronutrient content (especially macronutrient content (especially N, P and / or K)), protein content (especially water soluble protein increase), vitamin content (especially The use of an active compound combination according to the invention or a composition according to the invention for increasing vitamin A, B ₁ , B ₂ , C and / or E) and / or increasing the amount of essential amino acids.

  In another aspect, the present invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of micronutrients (Mn, B, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mo, Se, Al, Co and Ni in or by plants) Of propineb for increasing or improving the uptake of 3 or more micronutrients) and / or macronutrients (preferably 1, 2 or all macronutrients selected from the group consisting of N, P and K) Regarding use.

  In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of an active compound combination according to the invention or a composition according to the invention for foliar treatment of a plant or part thereof, said plant being a transgenic plant.

  In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of an active compound combination according to the invention or a composition according to the invention for treating seeds, seeds of transgenic plants and transgenic plants.

  In a further aspect, the invention relates to seed treated with an active compound combination according to the invention or a composition according to the invention.

In another aspect, the invention provides:
(A) Propineb,
And (B1) one or more salts containing boron (B), and (B2) a component (B) comprising one or more salts containing manganese (Mn),
Furthermore, it relates to kit of parts, which may comprise instructions for applying components (A) and (B) in the method of obtaining the active compound combination according to the invention or the composition according to the invention.

[Example]
The effect of propineb in combination with Mn and B on growth characteristics and physiological changes was evaluated. In addition, the nutritional physiological changes by the treatment as well as the effects on disease management, crop product yield and quality were evaluated.

  In the following experiments, propineb used what was called Antracol 70WP, which is a wettable form with a propineb content of 70% by weight. Antracol 70WP is commercially available from Bayer CropScience.

  The experiment was conducted in a field in Tamil Nadu, Koyanbutur, India.

Crop: Tomato plot area: 50m ²
Iteration: 3
Interval: 45x30cm
Processing: 8
Number of sprays: 2 sprays: 35 DAP (Days After Planting) and 45 DAP
Processing details:
The following treatments were used in the experiment:
T1: Control T2: Antracol 70WP (1250 g / ha)
T3: Manganese (0.2%)
T4: Antracol 70WP (1250 g / ha) + manganese (0.2%)
T5: Boron (0.2%)
T6: Antracol 70WP (1250 g / ha) + boron (0.2%)
T7: Manganese (0.2%) + Boron (0.2%)
T8: Antracol 70WP (1250 g / ha) + Mn (0.2%) + B (0.2%)
Good quality water was used for foliar spraying (pH: 7.3).

  Morphological observations in terms of plant height, root length, leaf number and leaf area, as well as leaf chlorophyll index using a SPAD meter, were performed 20 days after the second spray. In addition, the yield at harvest and its components were recorded. In addition, disease scoring (Early blight and late blight) and plant nutrition status were also recorded. The results for the various parameters in the different treatments are given in each table.

  The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis by the complete randomized block method using ANOVA Package (AGRES version 7.01).

Used farm layout

Table 1: Initial soil parameters used in the experiment (before treatment)

Table 2: Effects of propineb, Mn and B on tomato growth surface

Growth parameters For growth parameters, plant height did not reach statistical significance (Table 2). Foliar spray of Antracol 70WP with Mn and B showed higher plants (81.20 cm) followed by Antracol 70WP + Mn (T4: 79.40 cm) and Antracol 70WP (T2: 79.00 cm). Relatively small plants were observed in foliar spray (T3) with manganese alone. In the case of root length, a significantly superior root length of 27.90 cm was recorded in treatment T4 that received Antracol 70WP + Mn, which was equivalent to treatment T8 (Antracol 70WP + Mn + B). The lowest value of 24.55 cm was recorded in the non-sprayed control treatment.

Table 3: Effects of propineb, Mn and B on tomato leaves

Leaf properties All leaf properties reached statistical significance (Table 3). In terms of leaf number, Antracol 70WP + Mn + B foliar spray showed a higher leaf number (36), which was significantly superior to the other treatments. With respect to leaf area and leaf area index (LAI), plants treated with Antracol 70WP + Mn + B recorded a larger leaf area corresponding to LAI (T8: 0.50), 673.50 cm ² plant- ¹ , followed by Antracol. 70WP (624.60 cm ² plant- ¹ and 0.46) followed. Smaller leaf areas, 530.39 cm ² plant- ¹ and LAI (0.39) were observed in the treatment with foliar spray of boron alone (T5).

Table 4: Effects of propineb, Mn and B on tomato biochemical parameters

Biochemical parameters With respect to biochemical parameters, all parameters reached statistical significance (Table 4). Significantly higher chlorophyll index values were recorded in the treatment Antracol 70WP + Mn + B (47.7) followed by Antracol 70WP + manganese (45.7), Antracol 70WP + boron (45.6) and Antracol 70WP (45.5). . With respect to soluble protein, plants sprayed with Antracol 70WP + Mn + B showed a higher soluble protein content of 11.3 mg g ⁻¹ followed by Antracol 70WP + B (10.5 mg g ⁻¹ ) and Antracol 70WP + Mn (10.2 mg g ^−1). ) Followed. When examining IAA oxidase activity in terms of unoxidized auxin content, the control recorded a higher unoxidized auxin content, 15.85 μg g ⁻¹ h ⁻¹ , which was treated with Antracol 70WP alone. It was close to T2 (15.73 μg g ⁻¹ h ⁻¹ ). Treatment with Mn showed higher IAA oxidase activity (low unoxidized auxin content), where Mn alone showed higher activity (12.32), followed by Mn + B (T7) and Antracol + Mn + B (T8) Followed.

Table 5: Effects of propineb, Mn and B on tomato plant nutrient content

  In the case of nutritional status, all nutrients reached statistical significance (Table 5). Regarding nitrogen content, T8 (Antracol 70WP + Mn + B) recorded a higher percentage of N (1.55%), followed by T6 (Antracol + B: 1.42%) and T7 (Mn + B: 1.40%). A higher P content percentage of 0.44 was recorded in process T8 (Antracol 70WP + Mn + B), followed by T6 (Antracol 70WP + B: 0.41), which was equivalent to T7 (Mn + B: 0.40). It was. In the case of K, the higher K percentage is also recorded in treatment T8 (Antracol 70WP + Mn + B: 1.28), followed by treatment T4 (Antracol 70WP + Mn: 1.18), which is T6 (Antracol 70WP + B: 1. 17) and T2 (Antracol 70WP: 1.14).

  Regarding manganese content, T8 (Antracol 70WP + Mn + B) recorded a higher percentage of Mn (0.033%), followed by T7 (Mn + B: 0.028%) and T4 (Antracol 70WP + Mn: 0.025%). . Regarding the boron (B) content, T8 (Antracol 70WP + Mn + B) records a higher percentage of B (0.058%), followed by T7 (Mn + B: 0.044%) and T6 (Antracol 70WP + B: 0.040%) Followed. Overall performance, significantly higher N (1.55%), P (0.44%), K (1.28%), Mn (0.033%) and B (0.058%) content is Recorded in treatment Antracol 70WP + Mn + B. Control treatments (T1) that were not nebulized were less N (1.20%), P (0.32%), K (0.93%), Mn (0.018%) and B (0.028). %) Content was recorded.

Table 6: propineb for crop growth rate of tomato ^{(CGR) (g m -2 d} -1), the effect of Mn and B

Crop growth rate (gm ^- 2d- ¹ )
Crop growth rates were calculated between two stages; days after planting (DAP) between 60-90 and 90-120 days and reached statistical significance at any crop growth stage (Table 6). Plants treated with foliar spray of Antracol 70WP + Mn + B (T8) recorded faster growth rates of 27.35 and 14.84 g m ⁻² d ⁻¹ between 60-90 and 90-120 DAP, respectively. T8 was equivalent to treated Antracol 70WP + boron (T6: 26.69 g m ⁻² d ⁻¹ ) and Antracol 70WP + manganese (T4: 26.69 g m ⁻² d ⁻¹ ) between 60-90 DAP. Untreated control plants recorded a lower growth rate of 24.29 g m ⁻² d ⁻¹ at 60-90 DAP.

Table 7: Effects of propineb, Mn and B on tomato yield parameters and fruit yield

Yield parameters When the yield parameters were examined, all yield parameters except fruit diameter reached statistical significance (Table 7). With respect to average fruit weight, fruit treated with Antracol 70WP + Mn + B (T8) reaches a higher average weight of 27.85 g, which is treated Antracol 70WP + B (T6: 27.46), Antracol 70WP + Mn (T4: 27.27). 32) and Antracol 70WP (T2: 27.15). However, the fruit weight was a 6.6 percent (T8) increase over the unsprayed control (T1: 26.13 g). With respect to fruit volume, the fruit volume was greater (28.96 cc) for the fruit sprayed with Antracol 70WP + Mn + B, an increase of 8.9 percent over the control (26.59 cc). A trend similar to that in the case of fruit weight continued. The fruit diameter did not reach statistical significance. Larger fruit diameters were recorded at treatment T8, and smaller fruit diameters were reached for the control (5.36).

Regarding the number of fruits, 29 more fruits per plant were recorded in the Antracol 70WP + Mn + B treatment, which was equivalent to Antracol 70WP + B (T6: 28). A lower fruit number was recorded in the unsprayed control (T1: 23). Compared to T3 and T1, T8 recorded a 26.1 percent increase in fruit number. Respect fruit yield, plot was sprayed Antracol 70WP + Mn + B (T8 ) is to produce 251kg plot ^-1 is higher fruit yield, which is a 245kg plot ^-1 is a fruit yield that received treatment T6 (Antracol 70WP + boron) It was equivalent. An unsprayed control plant (T1) recorded a lower fruit yield (224 kg plot- ¹ ). The percent yield increase was calculated and the treatments were compared. A greater percent increase relative to the unnebulized control, 12.1 percent, was recorded by Antracol 70WP + Mn + B, followed by Antracol 70WP + B (8.0) and Antracol 70WP + Mn (9.4). Again comparing Antracol treatment, Antracol 70WP + Mn + B recorded an 8.2% fruit yield increase over the unsprayed control, followed by Antracol 70WP + B (5.6) and Antracol 70WP + Mn (4.3). .

Table 8: Effects of propineb, Mn and B on tomato percent disease index

  For disease index values (Table 8), the lower percent disease index values are Antracol 70WP + Mn + B (T8: 13.22), Antracol 70WP + B (T6: 15.33), Antracol 70WP + Mn (T4: 13.42) and Antracol 70WP. (T2: 15.66) was observed in the foliar spray Antracol spray treatment. Higher percentage disease index values were observed in the non-nebulized control plot (87.64). A higher percent reduction over the non-nebulized control, 84.92 percent, is recorded by Antracol 70WP + Mn + B, followed by Antracol 70WP + Mn (84.69), Antracol 70WP + B (82.51) and Antracol 70WP (82.13). It was.

Table 9: Effects of propineb, Mn and B on tomato quality parameters

Quality parameters With respect to quality parameters, the total soluble solids (TSS) content reached statistical significance (Table 9). With respect to lycopene content, a higher content of 4.75 mg 100 g ⁻¹ fruit was recorded in treated manganese + boron, followed by treated boron alone (4.68). The lowest value was recorded in the unsprayed control (T1: 4.51). Examining the TSS value, plants sprayed with Antracol 70WP + Mn + B (T8) noted a higher Brix value of 4.3, which is equivalent to T7 (manganese + boron: 4.2), followed by T6 ( 4.1) followed. Percent weight loss of fruits was calculated from the first day of harvest to 5 days after storage at room temperature. The highest percentage was recorded in the control as well in T4 (Antracol 70WP + manganese). The lower percentage, 27.2, was noted in treatments T ₅ (boron alone), T7 (manganese + boron) and T8 (Antracol 70WP + Mn + B).

CONCLUSION Foliar spraying on tomato plants of the Antracol 70WP combination with Mn and B, which is well implemented in terms of growth and development with reduced pathogenesis, ultimately contributes to fruit yield.

-Foliar spray of Antracol 70 WP with Mn and B showed a 13.4 percent root length increase in tomato over the unsprayed control;
-A 23.6 percent increase in chlorophyll index (SPAD value) and an increase in soluble protein (24.2%) were observed by foliar spray of Antracol 70 WP with Mn and B;
-Antracol 70 WP with Mn and B, N (1.55%), P (0.44%), K (1.28%), Mn (0.033%) versus unsprayed controls And improved nutritional status of tomato plants with B content (0.058%);
-Antracol with Mn and B, a 12.6 percent increase in crop growth rate that produces a 26.1 percent increase in fruit number;
-Antracol 70 WP foliar spray with Mn and B noted a 12.1 percent fruit yield increase compared to the unsprayed control.

Claims (15)

(A) Propineb,
And (B1) one or more salts containing boron (B), and (B2) one or more salts containing manganese (Mn)
An active compound combination.   The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein one, some or all of the constituents of component (B1) are selected from the group consisting of boron oxide and boric acid and salts thereof. One, some or all of the constituents of component (B1) are boron trioxide (B ₂ O ₃ ), H ₃ BO ₃ , H ₂ B ₄ O ₇ , sodium borate (preferably sodium borate, tetra borax, also known as sodium borate or disodium tetraborate, preferably anhydrous borax _{(Na 2 B 4 O 7)} , borax pentahydrate _{(Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·} 5H 2 O) or boric Sand decahydrate (Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ · 10H ₂ O)), potassium borate (preferably K ₂ B ₄ O ₇ and its hydrate, preferably its tetrahydrate K ₂ B ₄ O ₇ 4H ₂ O), calcium borate (preferably CaB ₄ O ₇ , Ca ₃ (BO ₃ ) ₂ and hydrates thereof), magnesium borate (preferably MgB ₄ O ₇ , Mg ₃ (BO ₃ ) ₂ and Their hydrates) 3. An active compound combination according to claim 1 or claim 2 selected from the group consisting of: potassium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium boron tartrate and nickel (II) borate].   One, some or all of the constituents of component (B2) are selected from the group consisting of manganese (II) salts, preferably manganese (II) acetate, manganese (II) sulfate, manganese (II) chloride, nitric acid 4. The active compound combination according to any one of claims 1 to 3, selected from the group consisting of manganese (II) and manganese (II) phosphate. Component (B1) comprises or consists of disodium tetraborate and / or disodium tetraborate hydrate,
And / or component (B2) comprises or consists of manganese (II) sulfate and / or manganese (II) chloride,
An active compound combination according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   The weight ratio of component (A) to the total weight of boron and manganese in component (B) is in the range from 1250: 1 to 25: 1, in each case based on the total weight of the active compound combination, preferably 6. Any of claims 1-5, in the range of 1000: 1 to 50: 1, more preferably in the range of 500: 1 to 75: 1, and particularly preferably in the range of 350: 1 to 100: 1. An active compound combination according to claim 1.   The weight ratio of the total amount of [component (B1)] boron to the total amount of [component (B2)] manganese is 3: 1 to 1: 3, in each case based on the total weight of the active compound combination. Within the range, preferably within the range 2: 1 to 1: 2, more preferably within the range 3: 2 to 2: 3, even more preferably within the range 4: 3 to 3: 4, and most preferably 5 The active compound combination according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is in the range of 4: 4 to 4: 5. The combination is further selected from the group consisting of -zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni). Claim 1, comprising one or several micronutrients and / or one, several or all macronutrients selected from the group consisting of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) The active compound combination according to any one of 1 to 7. (I) an active compound combination according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
(Ii) water, and (iii) one or more adjuvants (auxiliaries), preferably one or more adjuvants selected from the group consisting of organic solvents, surfactants, inorganic carriers, organic carriers and other bulking agents A composition comprising Based on the total weight of the composition in each case,
(I) The total amount of active compound combinations according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.3% by weight. Yes,
And / or (ii) the total amount of water is in the range of 70 to 99.9% by weight, preferably in the range of 85 to 99.8% by weight;
The composition according to claim 9. The following effects:
-Control of phytopathogenic fungi in or on plants,
-Control of phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection,
-Improved plant vitality and / or improved plant development (especially improved plant growth, preferably increased plant growth rate),
-Increased pigment content and / or increased photosynthetic activity (preferably increased chlorophyll content, thereby obtaining darker green leaves ("greening") and / or larger leaves (especially larger leaf blades) about),
An increase in biomass, eg higher fresh weight (FW) and / or dry weight (DW), preferably increased plant weight (especially higher fruit weight (per fruit) or higher kernel weight (per kernel) ) And / or higher fruit total yield or higher grain total yield), and / or increased plant height, etc.
-Increased nutrient content, especially micronutrient content (especially macronutrient content (especially N, P and / or K)), protein content (especially water soluble protein increase), vitamin content (especially An increase in vitamin A, B ₁ , B ₂ , C and / or E) and / or an increase in the amount of essential amino acids,
A method for achieving one, some or all of the above, wherein the active compound combination according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the composition according to claim 9 or 10 is applied to seeds as plants. And applying to plant parts (preferably fruits and / or leaves) or to the soil on which the plant grows or is supposed to grow.   The active compound combination or composition is applied to the seeds or leaves, wherein the amount of active compound combination to the leaves in the application is in the range of 400 to 3000 g / ha (preferably 500 to 2500 g / ha, more preferably 600 to 2000 g. / Ha, and even more preferably in the range of 700 to 1700 g / ha), in seed treatment 2 to 200 g per 100 kg seed, preferably 5 to 150 g per 100 kg seed, more preferably 100 kg 12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that it is in the range of 10 to 100 g per seed. -Control of phytopathogenic fungi in or on plants,
-Control of phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection,
-Improved plant vitality and / or improved plant development (especially improved plant growth, preferably increased plant growth rate),
-Increased pigment content and / or increased photosynthetic activity (preferably increased chlorophyll content, thereby obtaining darker green leaves ("greening") and / or larger leaves (especially larger leaf blades) about),
An increase in biomass, eg higher fresh weight (FW) and / or dry weight (DW), preferably increased plant weight (especially higher fruit weight (per fruit) or higher kernel weight (per kernel) ) And / or higher fruit total yield or higher grain total yield), and / or increased plant height, etc.
-Increased nutrient content, especially micronutrient content (especially macronutrient content (especially N, P and / or K)), protein content (especially water soluble protein increase), vitamin content (especially 9. An active compound combination according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or an increase in vitamin A, B ₁ , B ₂ , C and / or E) and / or an increase in the amount of essential amino acids. Or use of the composition according to 10.   A seed treated with the active compound combination according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the composition according to claim 9 or 10. (A) Propineb,
And (B1) one or more salts containing boron (B), and (B2) a component (B) comprising one or more salts containing manganese (Mn),
Furthermore, instructions for applying the components (A) and (B) in the method of obtaining the active compound combination according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the composition according to claim 9 or 10 are provided. Kit of parts that you may include.