JP2016526304A - 太陽電池構造及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池構造及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
材料の層の上に第1構造を準備するステップであって、前記第1構造は前記ナノワイヤのアレイ及びポリマー剤を備え、前記ナノワイヤのアレイは前記ポリマー剤に完全に埋め込まれている、ステップと、
前記埋め込まれたナノワイヤを有する前記ポリマー剤を前記材料の層から分離するステップと、
各ナノワイヤの少なくとも第1先端が前記ポリマー剤から突出するように前記ポリマー材料の一部を除去するステップと、
各ナノワイヤの前記突出する先端を覆う導電層を準備するステップと、
前記導電層の下に接着層を準備するステップと、
溶剤を用いて前記ポリマー剤を完全に除去するステップと、
電気的絶縁層を堆積するステップと、
各ナノワイヤの第2先端を露出させるステップと、
光透過性導電層を堆積するステップと、
を有することを特徴とする方法に関する。
Claims (33)
- 太陽電池構造であって、
直接バンドギャップを有する半導体材料で作られた伸長ナノワイヤのアレイであって、各ナノワイヤが少なくとも第1セクション及び第2セクションを有する、アレイと、
各ナノワイヤの底端で各第1セクションの少なくとも一部とのオーミックコンタクトを実現する第1電極層と、
各ナノワイヤの上端で各第2セクションの少なくとも一部とのコンタクトを実現する光透過性の第2電極層と、を備え、
各ナノワイヤは、前記第2電極層との前記コンタクトにおける少数キャリアの再結合を最小化するための少数キャリア保護要素を備えることを特徴とする太陽電池構造。 - 前記第1電極層の上面は複数の凹部を有し、前記ナノワイヤはこれらの凹部に配置されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記第1電極層の下面も複数の凹部を有し、前記第1電極層の前記上面及び前記下面に関連する前記凹部は、均一且つ交互に分散されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記凹部は少なくとも100nmの深さであることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記少数キャリア保護要素は、各ナノワイヤの上面に隣接し、少なくとも前記ナノワイヤの長手方向に延びる空乏領域を備え、前記ナノワイヤの前記上面と前記空乏領域の上側境界との間の距離は180nmを下回ることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記少数キャリア保護要素は、前記第2電極層との前記コンタクトにおける高い方のドーパントレベルから前記第1セクションへ向かう低い方のドーパントレベルへの、前記第2セクションの段階的なドーパントプロファイルを備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記少数キャリア保護要素は、多数キャリアが通ることを可能にしつつ少数キャリアを反射するヘテロ接合障壁を備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記ヘテロ接合障壁は、半導体障壁を備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記ヘテロ接合障壁は、誘電体障壁を備えることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記少数キャリア保護要素は、前記第2電極層とのコンタクトを形成するショットキー接合を備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記第2電極層と各第2セクションの前記少なくとも一部との間の前記コンタクトはオーミックコンタクトであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至10の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 各ナノワイヤは前記第1セクションと前記第2セクションとの間に配された第3セクションを有し、前記第1セクションと前記第2セクションとは相補的な極性を有し、前記第1セクション及び前記第2セクションのドーピングレベルは1×1018/cm3を上回り、前記第3セクションのドーピングレベルは前記第1セクション及び前記第2セクションのドーピングレベルよりも低いことを特徴とする請求項1乃至11の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記第1電極層と前記第2電極層とを電気的に分離する絶縁層を備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至12の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記ナノワイヤは、実質的に軸方向のみに延びることを特徴とする請求項1乃至13の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記ナノワイヤは、実質的に軸方向と放射方向との両方に延びることを特徴とする請求項1乃至13の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記第2セクションの長さは180nm未満であり、前記第1セクションの長さは前記第2セクションの長さを上回ることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記ナノワイヤは放射状パッシベーション層によって囲まれることを特徴とする請求項1乃至16の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記第1セクションと前記第2セクションとの少なくとも一方は、ヘテロ接合を作製する2つの異なる半導体材料を備えることを特徴とする請求項1乃至17の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記第1電極層は透明であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至18の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記第1電極層は、前記第1セクションと前記第1電極層との界面で反射性を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至18の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記絶縁層は前記ナノワイヤを少なくとも放射状に囲み、前記ナノワイヤの少なくとも1つの上端は前記絶縁層に対して凹んでいることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記ナノワイヤは実質的に垂直に配置され相互に平行であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至21の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記第1電極層の下に配置された接着層を備え、当該接着層は支持基板に結合されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至22の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記第2電極層の上に配置された接着層を備え、当該接着層は支持基板に結合されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至22の何れか1項に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 直接バンドギャップを有する半導体材料において伸長ナノワイヤのアレイを備える太陽電池構造を製造するための方法であって、
材料の層の上に第1構造を準備するステップであって、前記第1構造は前記ナノワイヤのアレイ及びポリマー剤を備え、前記ナノワイヤのアレイは前記ポリマー剤に完全に埋め込まれている、ステップと、
前記埋め込まれたナノワイヤを有する前記ポリマー剤を前記材料の層から分離するステップと、
各ナノワイヤの少なくとも第1先端が前記ポリマー剤から突出するように前記ポリマー材料の一部を除去するステップと、
各ナノワイヤの前記突出する先端を覆う導電層を準備するステップと、
前記導電層の下に接着層を準備するステップと、
溶剤を用いて前記ポリマー剤を完全に除去するステップと、
電気的絶縁層を堆積するステップと、
各ナノワイヤの第2先端を露出させるステップと、
光透過性導電層を堆積するステップと、
を有することを特徴とする方法。 - 各ナノワイヤの第2先端を露出させる前記ステップは、各ナノワイヤの前記第2先端の上面だけが露出されるように前記電気的絶縁層の一部を除去することを含むことを特徴とする請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記材料の層は基板であり、前記方法は、
実質的に1次元のナノワイヤのアレイを成長させるステップをさらに有し、
各ナノワイヤについて、
第1サブステップにおいて、1×1018/cm3を上回るドーピングレベルと第1極性とを有する前記ナノワイヤの第1セクションが前記基板から成長させられ、
第2サブステップにおいて、1×1018/cm3を下回るドーピングレベルを有する前記ナノワイヤの更なるセクションが前記第1セクション上に成長させられる、
ことを特徴とする請求項25又は26に記載の方法。 - 第3サブステップにおいて、1×1018/cm3を上回り、前記第1極性とは相補的な第2極性を有する前記ナノワイヤの第2セクションが前記更なるセクションの上にさらに成長させられ、前記第2セクションの長さは180nm未満であり、当該長さは前記第1セクションの長さを下回ることを特徴とする請求項27に記載の方法。
- 第4サブステップにおいて、前記第2セクションの上に前記ナノワイヤの別のセクションを成長させるステップをさらに有し、前記別のセクションは前記光透過性導電層の堆積の前に除去されることを特徴とする請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノワイヤを外側から放射状にパッシベーションするステップをさらに有することを特徴とする請求項27乃至29の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 太陽電池構造であって、
直接バンドギャップを有する半導体材料で作られた伸長ナノワイヤのアレイと、
各ナノワイヤの底端で第1セクションの少なくとも一部とのオーミックコンタクトを実現する第1電極層と、
各ナノワイヤの上端で第2セクションの少なくとも一部とのコンタクトを実現する光透過性の第2電極層と、を備え、
前記ナノワイヤに対向する前記第1電極層の上面は複数の凹部を有し、前記ナノワイヤの前記底端はこれらの凹部に配置されることを特徴とする太陽電池構造。 - 前記第1電極層の下面も複数の凹部を有し、前記第1電極層の前記上面及び前記下面に関連する前記凹部は、均一且つ交互に分散されることを特徴とする請求項31に記載の太陽電池構造。
- 前記複数の凹部は少なくとも100nmの深さであることを特徴とする請求項31又は32に記載の太陽電池。
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US10565015B2 (en) | 2017-09-18 | 2020-02-18 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Spiroketal-based C2-symmetric scaffold for asymmetric catalysis |
CN109616553B (zh) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-06-30 | 中南大学 | 一种新型纤锌矿GaAs核壳纳米线光电探测器的制备方法 |
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US20160155870A1 (en) | 2016-06-02 |
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