JP2016197013A - Building damage intensity estimating system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the cost of estimating the intensity of damage to buildings having suffered an earthquake.SOLUTION: A building damage intensity estimating system comprises a building damage intensity estimating device 1, an earthquake sensor 20 installed on the foundation ground surface of a building 2, and earthquake sensors 21-1 and 21-2 installed at representative points in the building 2. The building damage intensity estimating device 1 comprises a virtual building model deriving unit 10 that derives a virtual building model mathematically expressing earthquake-caused motions of the building 2 from known building information on the building 2; an earthquake response analyzer 11 that inputs ground motion acceleration measured by the earthquake sensor 20 during an earthquake into the virtual building model to analyze the responses of the virtual building model to the earthquake; an earthquake/motion information calculator 12 that calculates earthquake information and motion information indicating the motions of the building caused by the earthquake; and a damage intensity estimator 13 that estimates the intensity of the damage to the building by using the earthquake information and the motion information after the earthquake is over.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a building damage estimation system and method for estimating the damage level of a building after an earthquake occurs.

  As a system for estimating the degree of damage to a building after an earthquake, the displacement of each layer is obtained from the measurement data of an acceleration sensor that measures the acceleration of each layer of the building, and the microvibration of the top layer of the building or the layer near the top layer is measured. A system has been proposed in which the natural period of microtremors of a building is obtained from a microvibration sensor, and the soundness of the building is evaluated by the interlayer displacement of each layer and the natural period of microtremors of the building (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2014-134436 A

  In the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, acceleration sensors are required for all the layers of the building, and there is a problem that costs are increased. In particular, when there is no building structure data for evaluation at the time of building structure design, it is necessary to install acceleration sensors in all layers.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a building damage estimation system and method that can estimate the damage degree of a building after an earthquake at a lower cost than before.

  The building damage estimation system according to the present invention includes a first earthquake sensor installed on the foundation ground surface of a building to be estimated and a virtual motion obtained by formulating the movement of the building due to an earthquake based on the known building information of the building. A virtual building model deriving means for deriving a building model, and an earthquake response analysis for performing an earthquake response analysis of the virtual building model by inputting the ground motion acceleration measured by the first seismic sensor during the earthquake to the virtual building model. Means, earthquake / movement information calculating means for calculating earthquake information and movement information indicating movement of the building due to the earthquake, using the result of the earthquake response analysis during the occurrence of the earthquake; The present invention is characterized by comprising damage degree estimation means for estimating the damage degree of the building using the earthquake information and the movement information calculated by the movement information calculation means during the occurrence of the earthquake.

In addition, one configuration example of the building damage estimation system according to the present invention further includes a second earthquake sensor installed at a representative point in the building, and an acceleration measured by the second earthquake sensor during the occurrence of the earthquake. The acceleration of the representative point included in the earthquake response analysis result calculated by the earthquake response analysis means during the occurrence of the earthquake is collated, and the acceleration measured by the second earthquake sensor and the calculated acceleration When the error exceeds a certain value, the parameter correcting means for calculating the parameter correction value of the virtual building model so that the error is within the certain value, and the parameter correction value calculated by the parameter correcting means is the virtual correction value. Virtual building model updating means for updating the virtual building model by setting as a parameter used in the building model deriving means A.
Moreover, in one structural example of the building damage estimation system of this invention, the earthquake response analysis result obtained by the said earthquake response analysis means is the displacement of each floor of the said building, the speed of each floor, the acceleration of each floor, and said earthquake and motion The earthquake information obtained by the information calculation means is the measured seismic intensity of each floor and the long-period ground motion class of each floor, and the motion information obtained by the earthquake / motion information calculation means is the maximum acceleration of each floor, the maximum speed of each floor, Maximum displacement, maximum inter-layer deformation angle between each floor.

  Further, the building damage estimation method of the present invention includes a virtual building model derivation step for deriving a virtual building model obtained by formulating the movement of the building due to an earthquake based on known building information of the building to be estimated; An earthquake response analysis step for inputting the ground acceleration measured during the occurrence of the earthquake by the first seismic sensor installed on the foundation ground surface to the virtual building model and performing an earthquake response analysis of the virtual building model; The earthquake / motion information calculating step for calculating earthquake information and the motion information indicating the motion of the building due to the earthquake using the result of the earthquake response analysis, and the earthquake / motion information calculating step after the earthquake A damage degree estimation step of estimating the damage degree of the building using the earthquake information and the motion information calculated during the occurrence.

  According to the present invention, it is not necessary to provide acceleration sensors in all layers of the building, and it is only necessary to install seismic sensors on the foundation ground surface of the building and representative points in the building. It can be estimated at a lower cost than before. Further, according to the present invention, since earthquake information and movement information indicating the movement of the building due to the earthquake can be calculated during the occurrence of the earthquake, information related to evacuation guidance can be provided to the building manager.

  Further, in the present invention, every time an earthquake occurs, the model is updated so that it becomes a virtual building model that matches the actual situation of the building, so that the accuracy of estimating the damage level of the building can be improved, and the safety of the building can be improved. It can be confirmed quickly and with high accuracy. As a result, in the present invention, the damage degree of the building can be accurately estimated even in the case of a building of 60 m or less without detailed design data.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the building damage estimation system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart explaining operation | movement of the building damage estimation system which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a building damage estimation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The building damage estimation system according to the present embodiment includes a building damage estimation apparatus 1, an earthquake sensor 20 installed on the foundation ground surface of the estimation target building 2, and an earthquake sensor 21 installed at a representative point in the building 2. Consists of

  The building damage estimation apparatus 1 includes a virtual building model deriving unit 10 for deriving a virtual building model obtained by formulating the movement of the building 2 due to an earthquake based on the known building information of the building 2, and an earthquake sensor 20 during the occurrence of the earthquake. The measured ground motion acceleration is input to the virtual building model, and the earthquake response analysis unit 11 that performs the earthquake response analysis of the virtual building model, and the earthquake information and the earthquake of the building using the result of the earthquake response analysis during the earthquake occurrence The earthquake / motion information calculation unit 12 that calculates the motion information indicating the motion by the earthquake, and the earthquake information and the motion information calculated by the earthquake / motion information calculation unit 12 during the occurrence of the earthquake after the earthquake The degree of damage estimation unit 13 for estimating the degree of information; the display unit 14 for displaying information; the parameter correction unit 15 for calculating the correction value of the parameter of the virtual building model; By setting the parameters used in parts 10, and a virtual building model updating unit 16 for updating the virtual building model.

Hereinafter, operation | movement of the building damage estimation system of this Embodiment is demonstrated using the flowchart of FIG.
First, the virtual building model deriving unit 10 derives a virtual building model obtained by formulating the motion of the building 2 to be estimated due to the earthquake (step S1 in FIG. 2). In the present embodiment, a virtual building model is derived from building information such as floor height and the building structure design statistical database 3 so that the earthquake response analysis can be performed even in the building 2 without building structure design data used for the time history response analysis. Hereinafter, a method for deriving the virtual building model will be described in detail.

  In the present embodiment, a building 2 having a height of 60 m or less that does not correspond to a super high-rise building is assumed, and based on a publicly disclosed building structure design statistical database 3, known building information (building area, structure, etc.) of the building 2 is disclosed. The virtual building model is determined through the following procedure from the type (RC building, S building, SRC building, wooden building), number of floors, floor height, and building height). The architectural structure design statistical database 3 does not indicate a specific database, but means a set of knowledge obtained from past building structure design and actual building data.

In seismic design, it is said that the primary natural period of a building may be obtained by the following approximate formula based on the height of the building (Ministry of Construction Notification No. 1793 in 1980).
T = 0.03H (1)
T = 0.02H (2)

  Expression (1) is an expression when the building is an S structure (steel structure) or wooden structure, and expression (2) is an expression when the building is an RC structure (reinforced concrete structure) or SRC structure (steel reinforced concrete structure). . T is the primary natural period in seconds and H is the building height in m.

The Architectural Institute of Japan (1981) provides the following linear approximation formula.
T = 0.021H (3)
T = 0.014H (4)
T = 0.021H (5)
T = 0.015H (6)

Expression (3) is an expression when the building is an S-rise high-rise building, Expression (4) is an expression when the building is an SRC high-rise building, and Expression (5) is an expression when the building is an S-building medium-rise building. Formula (6) is a formula in the case where the building is a RC low-rise building or SRC low-rise building.
The virtual building model deriving unit 10 is one of the formulas (1) to (6) that corresponds to the structure type (RC structure, S structure, SRC structure, wooden structure) of the building 2 to be estimated and the building height H. The primary natural period T of the estimation target building 2 is obtained by the following equation.

  In the present embodiment, from the database of the Architectural Institute of Japan (2000), it is estimated that the rigidity of a real S building is about twice the formula of the Building Standard Law, and the value of this rigidity is derived from the virtual building model deriving unit 10. Set in advance. Other structural types, that is, the rigidity of the RC building, the SRC building, and the wooden building may be set in advance based on the data of the past statistical database. In the present embodiment, the virtual building model deriving unit 10 is set in advance with a damping constant of 2% with reference to data from the Architectural Institute of Japan (2000).

  The virtual building model deriving unit 10 regards each floor of the estimation target building 2 as a mass point, and estimates the mass of each mass point (each floor) from the building area and the structural type of the building 2. In order to estimate the mass of each floor, the relationship between the building area and structure type of the building and the mass of each floor is obtained from the past statistical database, and an estimation formula of the mass of each floor is set in the virtual building model deriving unit 10 in advance. Just keep it.

  Subsequently, the virtual building model deriving unit 10 evaluates the static seismic force determined by the distribution coefficient Ai of the seismic layer shear force defined by the Building Standard Law, and each floor of the building 2 is linearly deformed by this seismic force. Find the rigidity distribution of each floor. The distribution coefficient Ai can be obtained from the primary natural period T and the mass of each floor. Next, the virtual building model deriving unit 10 makes the natural period obtained from the stiffness distribution and the mass of each floor by eigenvalue analysis coincide with the primary natural period T obtained from the structural type of the building 2 and the building height H. The stiffness distribution is adjusted while keeping the stiffness ratio of each floor constant.

  Next, the virtual building model deriving unit 10 obtains the necessary horizontal strength Qun of each layer defined by the Building Standard Law. First, as the earthquake area coefficient Z, a value determined by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism for each area may be set in the virtual building model deriving unit 10 in advance. Further, a generally known value for the standard shear force coefficient C0 may be set in advance in the virtual building model deriving unit 10. The virtual building model deriving unit 10 calculates the vibration characteristic coefficient Rt from the primary natural period T of T = 0.02H using a well-known calculation formula set in advance.

For the reduction factor Ds due to toughness, the average Ds used in the design of S, RC, and SRC structures is assumed to be 0.4, and double this proof strength is expected. Here, a value of Ds = 0.8 is assumed. It is preset in the building model deriving unit 10. As for the shape characteristic coefficient Fes, an average building is assumed as the building 2 to be estimated, and a value of Fes = 1 with good rigidity balance is set in the virtual building model deriving unit 10 in advance. The virtual building model deriving unit 10 calculates the total weight Wi of the upper part supported by each floor from the mass of each floor, and calculates the Wi, the earthquake area coefficient Z, the standard shear force coefficient C0, the vibration characteristic coefficient Rt, and the reduction coefficient Ds. From the shape characteristic coefficient Fes and the distribution coefficient Ai, the required horizontal proof stress Qun is obtained by the following equation.
Qun = Ds × Fes × Z × Rt × Ai × C0 × Wi (7)

Finally, the virtual building model deriving unit 10 obtains a state equation of the virtual building model from the attenuation constant, the mass of each floor, the rigidity distribution of each floor, and the necessary horizontal strength.
dX / dt = A × X + B × U + D × z (8)

  Here, X is a state variable. The state variable X includes the displacement of each floor, the speed of each floor, the displacement of the damping device (when the building 2 has the damping device), and the like. U is a control input to a controller that controls the vibration damping device (U = 0 if there is no vibration damping device and no controller), and z is the ground motion acceleration. Above, the process of the virtual building model derivation | leading-out part 10 is complete | finished.

  Next, the seismic response analysis unit 11 determines that an earthquake has occurred when the ground motion acceleration z measured by the earthquake sensor 20 installed on the foundation ground surface of the estimation target building 2 is equal to or greater than a predetermined earthquake determination threshold (see FIG. (YES in 2 step S2), the ground motion acceleration z measured by the seismic sensor 20 and the control input U calculated by the control system of the vibration control device (U = 0 when there is no vibration control device and a controller) are virtually The building model is input, and the earthquake response analysis of the virtual building model is performed by numerical simulation (step S3 in FIG. 2). By this earthquake response analysis, the earthquake response analysis unit 11 can obtain the displacement of each floor and the speed of each floor. Moreover, the acceleration of each floor can be obtained by differentiating the speed of each floor.

Numerical simulation is performed using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method shown in the following equation (9).
X1 = X
b1 = dt × (A × X1 + B × U + D × z)
X2 = X + b1 / 2
b2 = dt × (A × X2 + B × U + D × z)
X3 = X + b2 / 2
b3 = dt × (A × X3 + B × U + D × z)
X4 = X + b3
b4 = dt × (A × X4 + B × U + D × z)
Y = X + (b1 + 2 × b2 + 2 × b3 + b4) / 6 (9)

  Here, dt represents the sampling time. Next, during the occurrence of the earthquake, the earthquake / motion information calculation unit 12 receives the earthquake response analysis result (displacement of each floor, speed of each floor, acceleration of each floor) from the earthquake response analysis unit 11 that is back by a certain time ΔT1 from the current time. Is used to calculate earthquake information and motion information indicating the motion of the building 2 to be estimated due to the earthquake (step S4 in FIG. 2).

  As earthquake information, there are measured seismic intensity of each floor and long-period ground motion class of each floor. The motion information includes the maximum acceleration of each floor, the maximum speed of each floor, the maximum displacement of each floor, and the maximum interlayer deformation angle between floors. The measured seismic intensity of each floor can be calculated from the acceleration of each floor. The long-period seismic motion class of each floor can be calculated based on the absolute speed response that can be obtained from the ground motion speed obtained by integrating the ground motion acceleration z and the speed of each floor. The maximum interlayer deformation angle between each floor can be calculated by dividing the maximum interlayer displacement between each floor by the floor height.

The display unit 14 displays the earthquake information and the motion information calculated by the earthquake / motion information calculation unit 12 at intervals of a predetermined time ΔT2 (step S5 in FIG. 2).
Next, the damage level estimation unit 13 determines that the earthquake has stopped when the ground motion acceleration z measured by the earthquake sensor 20 is less than the earthquake determination threshold value (YES in step S6 in FIG. 2). The damage level of the building 2 is estimated using all the data calculated by the motion information calculation unit 12 (step S7 in FIG. 2).

  Non-damage determination threshold for determining that there is no damage to the building for each seismic intensity of each floor, long-period ground motion class of each floor, maximum acceleration of each floor, maximum speed of each floor, maximum displacement of each floor, and maximum interlayer deformation angle between each floor In addition, a damage determination threshold value for determining that the building is damaged is set in advance. For example, if the measured seismic intensity of a certain floor of the building 2 is less than the no damage determination threshold set in advance for determining the measured seismic intensity, the damage level estimating unit 13 determines that the floor is not damaged, and the measured seismic intensity is determined as the measured seismic intensity. If it is greater than or equal to the damage determination threshold set in advance, it is determined that the floor is damaged.

  Similarly, if the maximum acceleration of a certain floor of the building 2 is less than the no damage determination threshold set in advance for determining the maximum acceleration, the damage level estimation unit 13 determines that the floor is not damaged and the maximum acceleration is the maximum. If it is equal to or greater than a damage determination threshold set in advance for acceleration determination, it is determined that the floor is damaged. The degree of damage estimation unit 13 makes the above determination based on the measured seismic intensity of each floor, the long-period seismic motion class of each floor, the maximum acceleration of each floor, the maximum speed of each floor, the maximum displacement of each floor, and the maximum interlayer deformation angle between each floor. About the floor. Note that a plurality of levels may be set for the damage determination threshold value so that the degree of damage (large damage, small damage, etc.) can be determined.

The display unit 14 displays the damage level of the building 2 estimated by the damage level estimation unit 13 (step S8 in FIG. 2).
Next, the parameter correction unit 15 includes the acceleration measured by the earthquake sensor 21 installed at the representative point (specific floor) in the building 2 at a specific time during the occurrence of the earthquake, and the earthquake response analysis unit 11 during the occurrence of the earthquake. Of the calculated earthquake response analysis results, the acceleration at the specific time of the floor corresponding to the representative point is collated (step S9 in FIG. 2). The parameter correction unit 15 performs such collation for each time during the occurrence of the earthquake.

  If the error between the acceleration measured by the earthquake sensor 21 and the acceleration calculated by the earthquake response analysis unit 11 is within a certain value (NO in step S10 in FIG. 2), the parameter correction unit 15 ends the process. Further, when the error between the acceleration measured by the earthquake sensor 21 and the acceleration calculated by the earthquake response analysis unit 11 exceeds a certain value (YES in step S10), the parameter correction unit 15 causes the error to be within the certain value. Correction values are added to the attenuation constant and stiffness distribution of the virtual building model, and correction values of the parameters A, B, and D of the state equation of the virtual building model shown in Expression (8) are calculated (step S11 in FIG. 2).

  The virtual building model update unit 16 updates the virtual building model by setting the parameter correction value calculated by the parameter correction unit 15 in the virtual building model deriving unit 10 (step S12 in FIG. 2).

  As described above, in this embodiment, it is not necessary to provide acceleration sensors in all layers of the building, and it is only necessary to install earthquake sensors on the foundation ground and representative points of the building. The degree can be estimated at a lower cost than in the past. In addition, for buildings damaged by an earthquake, it has been required to provide information on the degree of damage and whether to continue use or not, but in this embodiment, every time an earthquake occurs, the actual state of the building is required. Since the model is updated so as to become a virtual building model suitable for the building, it is possible to improve the estimation accuracy of the damage level of the building and to confirm the safety of the building quickly and with high accuracy.

Further, in the present embodiment, information related to evacuation guidance can be provided to the building manager by displaying the earthquake information and motion information calculated by the earthquake / motion information calculation unit 12 during the occurrence of the earthquake. .
Further, in the present embodiment, instead of the ground acceleration z measured by the earthquake sensor 20, the ground acceleration z based on the past earthquake waveform or the ground acceleration z based on the simulated earthquake motion is input to the virtual building model, as shown in FIG. If the processes in steps S3 to S5, S7, and S8 are performed, a damage estimation simulation can be realized.

  The building damage estimation apparatus 1 described in the present embodiment can be realized by a computer having a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a storage device, and an interface, and a program for controlling these hardware resources. The CPU executes the processing described in the present embodiment in accordance with a program stored in the storage device.

  The present invention can be applied to a technique for estimating the damage level of a building after an earthquake.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Building damage estimation apparatus, 2 ... Building, 3 ... Architectural structure design statistical database, 10 ... Virtual building model derivation part, 11 ... Earthquake response analysis part, 12 ... Earthquake / motion information calculation part, 13 ... Damage degree estimation part, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 14 ... Display part, 15 ... Parameter correction part, 16 ... Virtual building model update part, 20, 21 ... Earthquake sensor.

Claims (5)

A first seismic sensor installed on the foundation ground of the building to be estimated;
Virtual building model deriving means for deriving a virtual building model that formulates the movement of the building due to an earthquake based on the known building information of the building;
An earthquake response analyzing means for inputting ground motion acceleration measured by the first seismic sensor during an earthquake to the virtual building model and performing an earthquake response analysis of the virtual building model;
Using the result of the earthquake response analysis during the occurrence of an earthquake, earthquake / movement information calculating means for calculating earthquake information and movement information indicating movement due to the earthquake of the building;
A building damage characterized by comprising: a damage degree estimating means for estimating the damage degree of the building using the earthquake information and the movement information calculated by the earthquake / motion information calculating means during the occurrence of the earthquake after the end of the earthquake. Estimation system. In the building damage estimation system according to claim 1,
A second seismic sensor installed at a representative point in the building;
The acceleration measured by the second seismic sensor during the occurrence of an earthquake is compared with the acceleration of the representative point included in the earthquake response analysis result calculated by the earthquake response analysis means during the occurrence of the earthquake. Parameter correction means for calculating a correction value of the parameter of the virtual building model so that the error is within a certain value when the error between the acceleration measured by the earthquake sensor of 2 and the calculated acceleration exceeds a certain value When,
A building damage estimation comprising: a virtual building model updating unit configured to update the virtual building model by setting a correction value of the parameter calculated by the parameter correcting unit as a parameter used in the virtual building model deriving unit system. In the building damage estimation system according to claim 1 or 2,
The seismic response analysis result obtained by the seismic response analysis means is the displacement of each floor of the building, the speed of each floor, the acceleration of each floor,
The earthquake information obtained by the earthquake / motion information calculating means is the measured seismic intensity of each floor, the long-period earthquake motion class of each floor,
The building damage estimation system characterized in that the motion information obtained by the earthquake / motion information calculating means is a maximum acceleration of each floor, a maximum speed of each floor, a maximum displacement of each floor, and a maximum interlayer deformation angle between the floors. A virtual building model derivation step for deriving a virtual building model obtained by formulating the movement of the building due to the earthquake based on the known building information of the building to be estimated;
An earthquake response analysis step of inputting ground motion acceleration measured during an earthquake by a first earthquake sensor installed on the foundation ground surface of the building to the virtual building model and performing an earthquake response analysis of the virtual building model;
Using the result of the earthquake response analysis during the occurrence of an earthquake, an earthquake / movement information calculation step for calculating earthquake information and movement information indicating movement due to the earthquake of the building;
A building damage characterized by including a damage degree estimation step for estimating the damage degree of the building using the earthquake information and the movement information calculated during the occurrence of the earthquake in the earthquake / motion information calculation step after the end of the earthquake. Estimation method. In the building damage estimation method according to claim 4,
Further, the representative included in the acceleration measured during the occurrence of the earthquake by the second seismic sensor installed at the representative point in the building and the earthquake response analysis result calculated in the earthquake response analysis step during the occurrence of the earthquake. When the error between the acceleration measured at the second seismic sensor and the calculated acceleration exceeds a certain value by collating with the acceleration at the point, the parameter of the virtual building model is set so that the error is within the certain value. A parameter correction step for calculating a correction value of
A building damage estimation comprising: a virtual building model updating step of updating the virtual building model by setting a correction value of the parameter calculated in the parameter correcting step as a parameter used in the virtual building model deriving step Method.

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