JP2016163543A - Feed for fishery and method of producing feed for fishery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide feed for fishery in which cracks and degradation are suppressed and which does not require frozen storage, and to provide a method of producing feed for fishery with which the feed can be easily produced without using expensive granulating machinery such as an extruder.SOLUTION: Feed for fishery is provided which contains, as main components, a powder raw material including fish meal, and starch syrup, and in which the content of the starch syrup is 10-45 wt.%. In a method of producing the feed for fishery, the feed can be produced by adding starch syrup to a powder raw material including fish meal, kneading the same without heating, and granulating the same for pelletization. Starch syrup of which solid content is 70-90 wt.% with DE (saccharification rate) of 25-60 is preferably used. When fat is additionally contained, it is preferable that the feed contains 10-45 wt.% of starch syrup and 0.5-12 wt.% of fat with the residual portion being a powder raw material based on total 100 wt.% of a powder raw material, starch syrup, and fat.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

  The present invention relates to an aquatic feed and a method for producing an aquatic feed used for aquaculture of fish and shellfish on the inner water surface and sea water surface.

  Conventionally, as livestock feed, live pellets, moist pellets (hereinafter referred to as MP), and dry pellets (hereinafter referred to as DP) such as solid pellets (hereinafter referred to as HP) and expanded pellets (hereinafter referred to as EP) are known. ing.

  In many cases, small fish such as sardines and horse mackerel are used as raw food, and the raw food is used as it is or in a minced state for cultured fish. However, the price of live bait varies greatly due to changes in the catch of fish that serve as food, causing cost fluctuations, and if left uneaten when minced, it causes red tide. Therefore, dry pellets (DP) such as MP and HP and EP have been developed to reduce the disadvantages of such live bait.

  MP is a semi-solid solid-type bait that is kneaded with fish meal, cereal meal, a binder and the like together with raw bait and granulated into pellets. Since MP contains a binder, it does not fall apart even when fed into internal water or seawater, and can reduce water stains. However, since MP kneads raw food, it is easy to rot, and it is necessary to feed it immediately after production or to store it frozen by a freezing facility.

  HP is a dry solid type bait produced by kneading fish meal and pelletizing it with a granulating machine such as a disk pelleter and drying it. It can be easily produced and does not require frozen storage. However, HP breaks and pulverizes, leaving uneaten and contaminating water.

  EP is a dry solid-type bait manufactured by high-temperature and high-pressure processing using a processing machine called an extruder, pelletized and dried, and contains almost no moisture, so it does not rot and does not require frozen storage. However, an extruder is an expensive machine and cannot be easily manufactured. In addition, since EP is hard and brittle, cracking and pulverization are likely to occur during transportation and storage, and feeding of cracked and pulverized EP causes leftovers and contaminates internal water and seawater.

JP-A-6-1553819

As described above, currently used live baits, MP, HP, and EP each have drawbacks.
The present invention provides an aquatic feed that is suppressed from cracking and pulverization and does not require frozen storage, and uses such an agglomeration machine such as an extruder for the aquatic feed. It aims at providing the manufacturing method which can be manufactured easily and easily.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by adding candy to the powder raw material, and the present invention has been completed.
That is, the gist of the present invention is a solid-type aquatic feed for feed composed mainly of a powder raw material containing fish meal and syrup.
The gist of the present invention is a method for producing an aquatic feed that is produced by adding syrup to a powder raw material containing fish meal, kneading and granulating under non-heating.

The aquatic feed of the present invention can contain cracked candy and can prevent cracking and pulverization, and can be stored easily without the need for freezing and refrigeration.
In addition, according to the method for producing aquatic feed according to the present invention, an expensive granule such as an extruder is used because a raw material is added to a powder raw material containing fish meal and kneaded and granulated without heating. It can be easily manufactured using a simple pelleter without using a machine.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
The fishery feed of the embodiment is obtained by pelletizing a solid aquatic feed that mainly contains a powder raw material containing fish meal and syrup. This aquatic feed is used for aquaculture such as sea bream, yellowtail, Thailand, amberjack, flatfish, tuna, puffer fish, Japanese flounder, salmon, tiger prawn, etc. It can be used for water culture. The above “main component” includes the case of constituting all or part of the aquatic feed, and the total weight percent of the main ingredient of the powder raw material and syrup is greater than the weight percent of the optional component. Means. The feed shape is preferably pelletized from the standpoint of ease of manufacture and handleability, but is not limited to this, and may be any shape such as a spherical shape, a cubic shape, a cone shape, or an indeterminate small lump shape. Can do. In addition, the numerical value range in this specification shall include the numerical value of the both ends of "-" in principle.

  As the powder raw material, the same raw material as dry pellets can be used, and powders such as protein and starch, which are main nutrient sources, are used. Examples of protein sources include animal raw materials such as fish meal and shrimp meal, and vegetable raw materials such as soybean oil meal, soybean protein, and corn gluten meal. Also, rice bran is used as a vegetable raw material. Examples of starch sources include cereal powders such as wheat flour, soybean flour, and corn flour.

  In addition to the main ingredients of the powder raw material and mizuame, the aquatic feed can contain optional components as necessary. For example, fats and oils can be added to the raw material to increase calories. Examples of animal oils include fish oils, and examples of vegetable oils include soybean oil and rapeseed oil. In this case, the fats and oils can be added directly at the time of production of the fishery feed, or can be added as an O / W emulsion using an emulsifier approved as a fishery feed additive. In addition, vitamins and minerals can be added to the raw materials, and marine pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics and anthelmintics can be added to the raw materials depending on the situation. These optional components such as fats and oils, vitamins, minerals, marine pharmaceuticals, and the like can be added as needed.

  The starch syrup is a viscous liquid product obtained by hydrolyzing starch with an acid or an enzyme, and its main component is composed of a mixture of glucose (glucose), maltose (maltose) and the like. Mizuame is also a food and can be easily obtained without toxicity. In the aquatic feed of this embodiment, candy is used as a carbohydrate source, and the resulting feed pellets can be soft and elastic, give shape retention, and crack and powder during transportation and storage. Can be made difficult to cause.

  The syrup is contained in an amount of 10 to 45% by weight, preferably 20 to 31% by weight, based on the total weight of the fishery feed. If the candy content exceeds 45% by weight, the surface of the feed pellets becomes sticky or the feed pellets adhere to each other, which makes handling difficult. On the other hand, when the candy content is less than 10% by weight, the feed pellets become loose and easily pulverized, and cracks and cracks are easily generated, resulting in a leftover. On the other hand, if the starch candy content is in the above range, the feed pellets have a soft property, prevent surface stickiness and pulverization, etc., and obtain a high quality product. , Good moldability. The feed pellets have a moderate softness, so that a soft tactile sensation can be obtained, the food intake by fish can be improved, and the digestibility can be improved. In addition, if it is omnivorous in fish, it is said that the digestibility of carbohydrates is high, and the composition of mizuame, which is a raw material for carbohydrates, is satisfactory in terms of digestion. In this case, the content of starch candy is preferably 31% by weight or less.

  It is preferable that the content of the starch syrup is 10 to 45% by weight with respect to the total of 100% by weight of the powder raw material and the syrup that are the main raw materials. In this case, the familiarity of the powder raw material is improved at the time of production, smoothness can be imparted to the kneadability in the kneading machine and the moldability in the extrusion molding machine, etc. Softness can be imparted.

  When fats and oils are contained in the raw material, it is preferable to contain 10 to 45% by weight of candy and 0.5 to 12% by weight of fats and oils with respect to 100% by weight of the total of the powder raw material, candy and fats and oils. Moreover, it is preferable to add an emulsifier according to the blending of fats and oils. In this case, the emulsifier is preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the fats and oils. The emulsifier is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 2.0% by weight based on the total weight of the fishery feed. That is, when the ratio of fats and oils increases, oil float on the surface of the feed pellet occurs, resulting in a slimy state, which makes handling difficult. On the other hand, if it is within the above range, the water candy improves the function of the emulsifier and emulsifies the fat with the emulsifier, thereby confining the fat in the aquatic feed and suppressing the oozing of the fat on the pellet surface. can do. In addition, as for fats and oils, what has melting | fusing point (for example, 30 degreeC or more) which becomes a solid state at normal temperature is preferably used for suppression of the bleeding to the surface of a feed pellet, However, It is not limited to this, For example, solid It is possible to freely adjust the softness of the texture of the aquatic feed by combining the fats and oils in the state and the liquid fats and oils.

  It is preferable to use a starch candy having a solid content of 70 to 90% by weight and DE (Dextrose Equivalent, saccharification rate: ratio of direct reducing sugar content in the solid content) of 25 to 60. In this case, moderate softness can be imparted to the aquatic feedstuff, and the familiarity of the raw materials is improved during production, and the kneadability in the kneader and the moldability in the extrusion molding machine are smooth. Can be granted.

  As a method for producing an aquatic feed for an embodiment, by adding candy to the powder raw material according to the above-mentioned blending amount and kneading, after kneading is completed, the kneaded product is granulated and pelletized, etc. Manufactured. When mixing the powder raw material and syrup, the fats and oils, vitamins, minerals, marine pharmaceuticals, etc. may be mixed alone or in combination of two or more as required.

  Water candy is a liquid material, and by blending water candy into the powder raw material, the powder raw material can be kneaded and granulated smoothly during production. Therefore, aggressive heating is not required during production such as kneading and granulation (non-heating. Note that the case where the temperature rises somewhat due to frictional heat of moving machine parts is also included in “non-heating”.) Even a simple and low-cost production facility (kneader, granulator) that does not have a heating means can produce this aquatic feed. Therefore, it can be easily produced without using a heavy and expensive granulating machine that imparts high temperature and pressure such as an extruder. Further, when molding from a non-heated kneaded product without heating during production, it is advantageous in that it can be easily added to the raw material without destroying heat-sensitive vitamins and antibiotics. In addition, depending on the melting point of the fats and oils added to the raw material, it may be advantageous to heat at the time of manufacture, and therefore, it is not excluded to manufacture while heating and heating.

Moreover, since the candy smoothens the kneading and granulation of the powder raw material, it is possible to add no water to the raw material or reduce the amount of water added. As a result, the granulated feed pellets have a very low moisture content, can be kept from spoilage even after granulation without heating and drying, do not require freezing and refrigeration, and are kept at room temperature for a long time. Can be stored hygienically. For example, if the water content in the aquatic feed is 12% by weight or less, it can be stored at room temperature for about half a year without decay, and if the water content is kept at 10% by weight or less, it does not rot at room temperature for about 1 year. Can be saved.
In addition, with water candy, it is possible to bind raw materials and increase the stickiness of aquatic feed, but it is effective to fine-tune with water to improve the connection while suppressing this increase in stickiness, In this case, the preservability and shape retention of the aquatic feed can be favorably ensured by adjusting the water content in the aquatic feed.

Examples of the machine used in the kneading process include a kneader, a ribbon type / paddle type mixer, a vertical type / horizontal type kneader, and the like, but are not particularly limited. Moreover, as a machine used for a granulation process, although a simple extrusion granulator etc. are mentioned, it does not specifically limit.
As described above, it is possible to easily and inexpensively produce solid aquatic feed pellets that are elastic and have no stickiness on the surface.

Next, examples of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Prepare raw materials prepared with the components and blending amounts (% by weight) shown in Tables 1 to 3, knead these raw materials with a twin-screw kneader, and after kneading, extrude the kneaded material with an extruding granulator. Extruded from the hole of the die and cut with a cutter to a length of 10 mm to produce a pellet. The pore diameter of the die of the granulator was 10 mmΦ in Examples 1 to 5 (carp pellets), 15 mmΦ in Examples 6 to 9 (Hamachi pellets), and 10 mmΦ in Example 10 (bris pellets).
In addition, for the measurement of the moisture content, the pellets of the aquatic feed feed obtained in each Example were dried at 120 ° C. for 15 to 20 minutes, and the weight decreased by drying was determined from the percentage of the weight before drying. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

(Evaluation)
1. Pulverization rate and cracked pellet ratio About the pellet of the fishery feedstuff of each Example, the powdering rate and the ratio of the cracked pellet were measured with the following method. As a comparative example, the same measurement was performed for a commercially available EP for a hamachi (length: 15 mm, diameter: 15 mmφ).
100 g of pellets are put into an octagonal box of 500 mm in length and width and 200 mm in depth. At this time, the number of charged pellets is also counted. And the box which injected | thrown-in the pellet was rotated for 30 minutes at the speed of 30 rotations per minute. After 30 minutes, all the pellets and pellet powder in the box were taken out, sieved with a 3.85 mesh standard sieve and the weight of the pellet powder passed through the sieve was measured. The powdering rate was calculated from the percentage with respect to the weight (100 g). In addition, pellets remaining in the sieve that are clearly cracked (those that have lost more than 5% of the volume) are regarded as “cracked pellets”, and the number of cracked pellets is cracked from the percentage of the number of pellets initially placed in the box. The percentage of pellets was calculated. In addition, the thing whose volume is less than half is not counted as the number of crack pellets because it is regarded as a fragment of crack pellets.

  Table 4 shows the powdering rate and the ratio of cracked pellets. From the results shown in Table 4, in the pellets of each example, the powdering rate was 9% or less, and the powdering rate was very low as compared with the commercial hamachi EP (powdering rate 18%) of the comparative example. . As for the cracked pellet ratio, the commercial hamachi EP of the comparative example had cracks as much as 25%, whereas the pellets of each example had a crack of 17% or less, which was considerably reduced compared to the commercially available EP. Thus, it turned out that the resistance to pulverization and a crack is very strong compared with commercially available EP for hamachi (comparative example).

2. Surface stickiness, sticking between pellets, and degree of spoilage About each of the aquatic food feed pellets of each example, wrap in 3 pieces of wrapping paper, store for 1 month at room temperature, and then wrap the pellets out of the wrapping paper When we observed the presence or absence of sticking to paper, the presence or absence of sticking between pellets, and the presence or absence of stickiness on the pellet surface, in all the examples, there was no sticking and no moisture release or moisture absorption was seen. It has been maintained, and has not changed much from the previous month.
Moreover, when the bacteria test was performed about the thing immediately after manufacture of the aquatic feed pellet of each Example, and the thing after one month, even if it is the thing after one month, the number of general bacteria is 300 pieces / g or less, mold negative (-) No drought or corruption was observed.
These are considered to be due to the confinement effect and the barrier performance by candy and extremely low water content in the fishery feed. Moreover, it is considered that not only the moisture retention by the water candy but also the barrier performance by the combined use of the water candy and the emulsifier is exhibited.

  From the above, it has been demonstrated that the aquatic feed pellet of the present invention is an elastic pellet and does not collapse even by vibration or impact. Therefore, pulverization and cracking during transportation and storage are reduced, and the amount of pulverized material and cracked material left uneaten is greatly reduced, thereby preventing water contamination. Further, even when stored at room temperature for a long time, the pellet surface does not become sticky and is kept hygienic and exhibits good quality stability.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by adding candy to the powder raw material, and the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention is mainly composed of a powder raw material containing fish meal and syrup, and further contains oil and fat and an emulsifier. The syrup has a solid content of 70 to 90% by weight and the oil and fat is solid at room temperature. It has a melting point to be in a state and contains 10 to 45% by weight of starch syrup and 0.5 to 12% by weight of fat and oil with respect to 100% by weight of the total of the powder raw material, syrup and fat, and the rest is powder. As a raw material, the emulsifier is contained in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of fats and oils, and 0.1 to 2.0% by weight with respect to the total weight of the fishery feed, and a water content of 12% by weight. The following is a summary of the following solid feed for aquaculture.
Further, the gist of the present invention is the above-described method for producing an aquatic feed, which is produced by adding syrup , fats and oils to a powder raw material containing fish meal, kneading and granulating under non-heating.

Claims (7)

  A solid-type aquatic feed consisting mainly of a powder raw material containing fish meal and syrup.   The aquatic feed according to claim 1, wherein the content of syrup is 10 to 45% by weight.   The aquatic ration according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the syrup has a solid content of 70 to 90% by weight and a DE (saccharification rate) of 25 to 60.   Claims further containing fats and oils, containing 10 to 45% by weight of starch and 0.5 to 12% by weight of fats and oils with respect to a total of 100% by weight of the powder raw material, starch syrup and fats and oils, and the balance as powder raw material Item 4. The feed for fishery according to any one of Items 1 to 3.   Water content is 12 weight% or less, The feed for aquaculture of any one of Claims 1-4.   The fishery feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is formed from a non-heated kneaded material mainly composed of a powder raw material containing fish meal and syrup. A method for producing aquatic feed that is produced by adding syrup to a powder raw material containing fish meal, kneading and granulating under non-heating.