JP2016148176A - Undersea tunnel construction method and land tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Undersea tunnel construction method and land tunnel construction method Download PDF

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JP2016148176A
JP2016148176A JP2015024924A JP2015024924A JP2016148176A JP 2016148176 A JP2016148176 A JP 2016148176A JP 2015024924 A JP2015024924 A JP 2015024924A JP 2015024924 A JP2015024924 A JP 2015024924A JP 2016148176 A JP2016148176 A JP 2016148176A
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tunnel
land
box
submerged
gate
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JP6449041B2 (en
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田中 秀夫
Hideo Tanaka
秀夫 田中
昌弘 増田
Masahiro Masuda
昌弘 増田
宏之 山中
Hiroyuki Yamanaka
宏之 山中
池内 喜郎
Yoshio Ikeuchi
喜郎 池内
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Kajima Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an undersea tunnel construction method or the like, capable of efficiently constructing an undersea tunnel.SOLUTION: A tunnel element 7 is assembled in a fabrication yard 39 which has a gate 35 to enable the fabrication yard 39 to function as a dry dock. After the tunnel element 7 is assembled, the gate 35 is opened to fill the fabrication yard 39 with seawater. Then, the tunnel element 7 floating on the seawater is towed into the sea side by a tow. That is, the tunnel element 7 is towed on the sea from the fabrication yard 39 to an immersion place. The tunnel element 7 towed to the sea is towed on the sea to the immersion place. After the tunnel element 7 is towed to the immersion place, the tunnel element 7 is immersed. Thus, the tunnel element 7 can be immersed to a desired position on a bottom of the sea 11a.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

本発明は、効率的に海底トンネルを施工することが可能な海底トンネルの施工方法等に関する。   The present invention relates to a submarine tunnel construction method and the like capable of efficiently constructing a submarine tunnel.

従来、海底トンネルの施工方法として、沈埋函体を用いた工法が提案されている。沈埋函体を用いた沈埋トンネルは、別途ドライドッグで製造された沈埋函体をドライドッグから曳航し、所定の場所で沈設し、沈埋函体同士を接続することで施工される。   Conventionally, construction methods using submerged boxes have been proposed as construction methods for submarine tunnels. A submerged tunnel using a submerged box is constructed by towing a submerged box manufactured by a dry dog separately from the dry dog, sinking it at a predetermined location, and connecting the submerged boxes.

このような沈埋トンネルとしては、例えば、沈埋函計画線の両側に一対の山留材を打設し、山留材の上部にレールを設置して、レールに沿って掘削を行ってトレンチを形成し、トレンチに沈埋函体を沈設する沈埋トンネルがある(特許文献1)。   As such a submerged tunnel, for example, a pair of anchorage materials are placed on both sides of the submerged box plan line, a rail is installed on the upper portion of the anchorage material, and a trench is formed by excavating along the rail. In addition, there is a submerged tunnel in which a submerged box is set in a trench (Patent Document 1).

特開平4−247198号公報JP-A-4-247198

沈埋函体は、通常、ドライドッグで打設されて製造される。この際、施工性を考慮して、沈埋函体は断面矩形の箱型で構築される。このため、沈設後の水圧などに対する強度を確保するためには、それに応じた肉厚を確保する必要がある。   The submerged box is usually manufactured by driving with a dry dog. At this time, considering the workability, the submerged box is constructed in a box shape with a rectangular cross section. For this reason, in order to ensure the intensity | strength with respect to the water pressure etc. after installation, it is necessary to ensure the thickness according to it.

また、沈埋函体を製造するためのドライドッグの場所として、必ずしも沈設場所に近い場所を確保できるわけではないため、遠い場所から沈埋函体を曳航する必要がある場合がある。したがって、沈埋函体を製造してから沈設するまでに時間を要し、必ずしも効率的ではなかった。   In addition, as a place for a dry dog for manufacturing a submerged box, it is not always possible to secure a place close to the subsidence place, so it may be necessary to tow the submerged box from a distant place. Therefore, it takes time from manufacturing the submerged box to setting it, which is not always efficient.

本発明は、前述した問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、効率的に海底トンネルを施工することが可能な海底トンネルの施工方法等を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a submarine tunnel construction method and the like capable of efficiently constructing a submarine tunnel.

前述した目的を達成するために、第1の発明は、海底トンネルの施工方法であって、陸上トンネル施工範囲の少なくとも一部にゲートを設け、前記ゲートの陸側において、陸上トンネル施工範囲の所定の範囲を開削する工程と、前記ゲートの陸側において、複数のセグメントを周方向および長手方向に連結して沈埋函体を構築する工程と、前記ゲートを開けて、前記沈埋函体を浮かせた状態で海上を移動し、前記沈埋函体の設置場所で前記沈埋函体を沈設する工程と、隣り合う沈埋函体同士を接続する工程と、を具備することを特徴とする海底トンネルの施工方法である。   In order to achieve the above-described object, a first invention is a method for constructing a submarine tunnel, wherein a gate is provided at least at a part of a land tunnel construction range, and a predetermined land tunnel construction range is defined on a land side of the gate. A step of excavating the range, a step of constructing a submerged box by connecting a plurality of segments in a circumferential direction and a longitudinal direction on the land side of the gate, and opening the gate to float the submerged box A method for constructing a submarine tunnel, comprising: a step of moving on the sea in a state; and a step of sinking the submerged box at a place where the submerged box is installed; and a step of connecting adjacent submerged boxes. It is.

複数のセグメントを周方向および長手方向に連結して函体を構築する際に、長手方向に緊張材を配置してプレストレスを付与する工程を具備してもよい。   When constructing a box by connecting a plurality of segments in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction, a step of placing a tension material in the longitudinal direction and applying prestress may be provided.

前記陸上トンネル施工範囲と海底トンネルとの接続部において、複数の鋼管矢板を互いに継手によって接合し、前記鋼管矢板で囲まれた範囲に底版を構築する工程と、前記沈埋函体を通過させる際に、前記鋼管矢板の一部を切除して、前記沈埋函体の通路を形成する工程と、前記沈埋函体がすべて通過した後、前記底版上に、海底トンネルと陸上トンネルとの接続部を構築する工程と、
を具備してもよい。
When connecting a plurality of steel pipe sheet piles to each other by joints at the connection portion between the land tunnel construction range and the submarine tunnel, and constructing a bottom plate in a range surrounded by the steel pipe sheet piles, and passing the submerged box A part of the steel pipe sheet pile is excised to form a passage of the submerged box, and after all of the submerged box has passed, a connection part between the submarine tunnel and the land tunnel is constructed on the bottom plate. And a process of
You may comprise.

第1の発明によれば、沈埋函体がドライドッグで場所打ちで打設されるのではなく、シールドトンネルなどに用いられるセグメントを組み立てて構成される。すなわち、周方向に複数のセグメントが連結して構成される環状部材が、長手方向に複数連結されて、所定長さの沈埋函体となる。また、沈埋函体がアーチ形状を有すれば、外圧に対して高い耐圧性能を有するため、従来の箱型の沈埋函体と比較して薄肉化を達成することができる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, the submerged box is not cast in place with a dry dog, but is constructed by assembling segments used for a shield tunnel or the like. That is, a plurality of annular members configured by connecting a plurality of segments in the circumferential direction are connected in the longitudinal direction to form a submerged box having a predetermined length. Further, if the submerged box has an arch shape, it has a high pressure resistance against external pressure, so that the thickness can be reduced as compared with a conventional box-type submerged box.

また、沈埋函体を製造するための製作ヤードが、陸上トンネル施工範囲に設けられ、沈埋函体の組み立て後、ゲートを開けて施工ヤードに水を導入することで、沈埋函体を効率よく沈設場所まで曳航することができる。また、製作ヤードは、その後陸上トンネル部として利用されるため、開削した範囲をそのまま利用することができる。   In addition, a production yard for manufacturing the submerged box is provided in the land tunnel construction area, and after assembling the submerged box, the gate is opened and water is introduced into the construction yard, thereby efficiently sinking the submerged box. Tow to place. Moreover, since the production yard is used as a land tunnel after that, the excavated area can be used as it is.

また、複数のセグメントの周方向および長手方向にプレストレスを付与することで、周方向のセグメント同士の接続部の止水性を高めることができる。   Moreover, the water stop of the connection part of the segments of the circumferential direction can be improved by giving prestress to the circumferential direction and longitudinal direction of a some segment.

また、陸上トンネル施工範囲と海底トンネルとの接続部において、複数の鋼管矢板を互いに継手によって接合することで、陸上トンネルと海底トンネルとの接続部を形成することができ、沈埋函体を通過させる際には、鋼管矢板の一部を切除することで、沈埋函体の通路を形成することができる。   In addition, at the connection between the land tunnel construction area and the submarine tunnel, a plurality of steel pipe sheet piles can be joined together by joints to form a connection between the land tunnel and the submarine tunnel, passing through the submerged box. In this case, the passage of the submerged box can be formed by excising a part of the steel pipe sheet pile.

第2の発明は、海底トンネルと接続される陸上トンネルの施工方法であって、陸上トンネル施工範囲まで、海底トンネル部を施工する工程と、陸上トンネル施工範囲の少なくとも一部にゲートを設け、前記ゲートの陸側において、陸上トンネル施工範囲を開削する工程と、前記ゲートの陸側において、複数のセグメントを長手方向に連結して沈埋函体を構築する工程と、前記陸上トンネル施工範囲に海水を流入させる工程と、前記ゲートを開けて、前記沈埋函体を浮かせた状態で水上を移動し、前記沈埋函体の設置場所で前記沈埋函体を沈設する工程と、前記海底トンネル部と、前記陸上トンネル施工範囲の前記沈埋函体とを接続する工程と、を具備することを特徴とする陸上トンネルの施工方法である。   The second invention is a method for constructing a land tunnel connected to a submarine tunnel, the step of constructing a submarine tunnel part up to the land tunnel construction range, and providing a gate in at least a part of the land tunnel construction range, On the land side of the gate, the step of excavating the land tunnel construction range, on the land side of the gate, the step of connecting a plurality of segments in the longitudinal direction to construct a submerged box, and seawater in the land tunnel construction range A step of inflowing, a step of opening the gate, moving the water in a state of floating the submerged box, and sinking the submerged box at a place where the submerged box is installed, the submarine tunnel part, And a step of connecting the submerged box in a land tunnel construction range.

第2の発明によれば、陸上トンネルの施工に対しても、第1の発明で用いたものと同様の沈埋函体を利用することで、効率よく陸上トンネルを施工することができる。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, the land tunnel can be efficiently constructed by using the same buried box as that used in the first aspect of the invention for the construction of the land tunnel.

本発明によれば、効率的に海底トンネルを施工することが可能な海底トンネルの施工方法等を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the construction method of a submarine tunnel etc. which can construct a submarine tunnel efficiently can be provided.

トンネル1の長手方向の概略断面図。FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tunnel 1 in the longitudinal direction. 図1のA−A線断面図。AA sectional view taken on the line AA of FIG. 鋼管矢板筒29を示す図で、(a)は縦方向の断面図、(b)は平面図。It is a figure which shows the steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29, (a) is sectional drawing of a vertical direction, (b) is a top view. 鋼管矢板筒29にゲート35を設けた状態を示す図で、(a)は縦方向の断面図、(b)は平面図。It is a figure which shows the state which provided the gate 35 in the steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29, (a) is sectional drawing of a vertical direction, (b) is a top view. 製作ヤード39で沈埋函体7を製造した状態を示す図。The figure which shows the state which manufactured the submerged box 7 in the production yard 39. FIG. 図5のB−B線断面図。BB sectional drawing of FIG. 沈埋函体7を海に曳航する工程を示す図。The figure which shows the process of towing the submerged box 7 to the sea. 沈埋函体7を沈設場所まで曳航する工程を示す図。The figure which shows the process of towing the sinking box 7 to a setting place. 沈埋函体7を沈設する工程を示す図。The figure which shows the process of sinking the submerged box 7. FIG. 接続部9を施工した状態を示す図。The figure which shows the state which constructed the connection part 9. FIG. 製作ヤード39で沈埋函体7を製造した状態を示す図。The figure which shows the state which manufactured the submerged box 7 in the production yard 39. FIG. 沈埋函体7を沈設場所まで曳航する工程を示す図。The figure which shows the process of towing the sinking box 7 to a setting place. 沈埋函体7を沈設する工程を示す図。The figure which shows the process of sinking the submerged box 7. FIG. 陸上トンネルを埋め戻した状態を示す図。The figure which shows the state which refilled the land tunnel.

以下、図面に基づいて、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。図1は、トンネル1の長手方向の概略断面図である。トンネル1は、海底トンネル部3と陸上トンネル部5とが連結して構成される。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tunnel 1 in the longitudinal direction. The tunnel 1 is configured by connecting a submarine tunnel portion 3 and a land tunnel portion 5.

海底トンネル部3は、海底11の下部に埋設される。海底トンネル部3と陸上トンネル部5とは接続部9で接続される。接続部9は、例えば、換気塔を兼ねる。本発明のトンネル1は、少なくとも海底トンネル部3が、複数の沈埋函体7が連結されて構成される。   The seabed tunnel portion 3 is buried under the seabed 11. The submarine tunnel section 3 and the land tunnel section 5 are connected by a connection section 9. The connection unit 9 also serves as a ventilation tower, for example. The tunnel 1 of the present invention is configured by connecting at least a submarine tunnel portion 3 to a plurality of submerged boxes 7.

図2は、図1のA−A線断面図であり、海底トンネル部3の長手方向に垂直な断面図である。海底トンネル部3を構成する沈埋函体7の断面は、一対の略円形の断面形状が結合した形状である。すなわち、海底トンネル部3は、外周部にアーチ形状を有する。   FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1 and is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the submarine tunnel portion 3. The cross-section of the submerged box 7 constituting the submarine tunnel portion 3 is a shape in which a pair of substantially circular cross-sectional shapes are combined. That is, the submarine tunnel portion 3 has an arch shape on the outer peripheral portion.

沈埋函体7の内面には、場所打ちコンクリートによる二次覆工15が設けられ、車道17および避難通路19等が形成される。図した例では、それぞれの円断面形状部において、車道17および避難通路19が形成される。なお、トンネル1の内部の構造については、図示した例には限られない。   A secondary lining 15 made of cast-in-place concrete is provided on the inner surface of the submerged box 7, and a roadway 17 and an escape passage 19 are formed. In the illustrated example, the roadway 17 and the evacuation passage 19 are formed in each circular cross-sectional shape part. Note that the internal structure of the tunnel 1 is not limited to the illustrated example.

また、図示した例では、二つの円断面が連結した形態であるが、本発明はこれに限られず、一つの円断面形状であってもよく、3つ以上の円断面が連結した複数連結型の断面形状であってもよい。いずれの形状でも、少なくとも沈埋函体の上下および両側方に、アーチ形状を形成することができる。なお、沈埋函体7の詳細は後述する。   In the illustrated example, two circular cross sections are connected. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be a single circular cross section, or a multi-connection type in which three or more circular cross sections are connected. It may be a cross-sectional shape. In any shape, an arch shape can be formed at least at the top and bottom and both sides of the submerged box. The details of the buried box 7 will be described later.

沈埋函体7は、海底11に埋設される。例えば、沈埋函体7は、砕石13で埋設される。この場合、海底11を所定深さまで掘削した後、所定の厚みで砕石13を配置し、その上に沈埋函体7を沈設した後、沈埋函体7の全体を砕石13で埋設すればよい。また、必要に応じて、砕石13を敷設する下部の地盤に対して地盤改良を行ってもよい。   The submerged box 7 is embedded in the seabed 11. For example, the buried box 7 is buried with crushed stone 13. In this case, after excavating the seabed 11 to a predetermined depth, the crushed stone 13 is arranged with a predetermined thickness, and after the submerged box 7 is laid thereon, the entire submerged box 7 may be embedded with the crushed stone 13. Moreover, you may perform ground improvement with respect to the lower ground which lays the crushed stone 13 as needed.

次に、トンネル1の施工方法について詳細に説明する。まず、海底トンネル部3が施工される海底トンネル施工範囲3aと、陸上トンネル部5が施工される陸上トンネル施工範囲5aとの間に、鋼管矢板筒29を施工する。鋼管矢板筒29は、複数の鋼管矢板31が連結されて形成される。なお、鋼管矢板筒29は、海底トンネル部3と陸上トンネル部5との接続部よりも深く形成される。   Next, the construction method of the tunnel 1 will be described in detail. First, the steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29 is constructed between the submarine tunnel construction area 3a in which the submarine tunnel section 3 is constructed and the land tunnel construction area 5a in which the land tunnel section 5 is constructed. The steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29 is formed by connecting a plurality of steel pipe sheet piles 31. The steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29 is formed deeper than the connection part between the submarine tunnel part 3 and the land tunnel part 5.

ここで、鋼管矢板31同士の連結部には、例えば、特開2011−001767号公報に開示されているような継手構造を適用することができる。すなわち、鋼管本体の側方に互いに内方に向けて接合された一対の第1のL型部材を設け、隣り合う他の鋼管本体の側方に、第1のL型部材に嵌るように互いに外方に向けて接合された一対の第2のL型部材を設け、一対の第1のL型部材および一対の第2のL型部材とで囲まれた空間にコンクリートを打設して、鋼管矢板31同士が連結される。   Here, for example, a joint structure as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-001767 can be applied to the connecting portion between the steel pipe sheet piles 31. That is, a pair of first L-shaped members joined inward to each other on the side of the steel pipe main body are provided, and the other side of another adjacent steel pipe main body is mutually fitted so as to fit the first L-shaped member. Providing a pair of second L-shaped members joined outward, placing concrete in a space surrounded by the pair of first L-shaped members and the pair of second L-shaped members; The steel pipe sheet piles 31 are connected to each other.

鋼管矢板筒29で囲まれた内部の地盤は掘削されて、所定の深さに底版33が施工される。底版33は、海底トンネル3部と、陸上トンネル部5との接続部9が施工される部位である。すなわち、底版33は、海底トンネル3部と、陸上トンネル部5とが接続される部位よりも深い位置に形成される。   The inner ground surrounded by the steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29 is excavated, and the bottom plate 33 is constructed to a predetermined depth. The bottom plate 33 is a part where the connection part 9 between the part 3 of the submarine tunnel and the land tunnel part 5 is constructed. That is, the bottom plate 33 is formed at a position deeper than a portion where the submarine tunnel 3 and the land tunnel 5 are connected.

次に、図4(a)に示すように、鋼管矢板筒29よりも陸側である陸上トンネル施工範囲5aの所定の範囲に製作ヤード39を施工する。製作ヤード39は、陸上トンネル施工範囲5aの一部の地盤を開削することで形成される。製作ヤード39の深さは、水面よりも低ければ、陸上トンネルを施工する深さまで開削する必要はない。すなわち、製作ヤード39は、陸上トンネル施工範囲5aの全体を利用して形成してもよく、陸上トンネル施工範囲5aの一部のみを利用して陸上トンネル施工範囲5aよりも小さい範囲に形成してもよい。なお、前述した底版33の施工は、製作ヤード39の施工と同時に行ってもよい。   Next, as shown to Fig.4 (a), the production yard 39 is constructed in the predetermined range of the land tunnel construction range 5a which is a land side rather than the steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29. FIG. The production yard 39 is formed by excavating part of the ground in the land tunnel construction range 5a. If the depth of the production yard 39 is lower than the water surface, it is not necessary to cut to the depth for constructing the land tunnel. That is, the production yard 39 may be formed using the entire land tunnel construction range 5a, or may be formed in a range smaller than the land tunnel construction range 5a using only a part of the land tunnel construction range 5a. Also good. The above-described construction of the bottom plate 33 may be performed simultaneously with the construction of the production yard 39.

製作ヤード39は鋼管矢板筒29まで形成される。製作ヤード39の側面には、山留37が設けられる。すなわち、山留37は鋼管矢板筒29に接合される。また、鋼管矢板筒29の一部を切除して、後述する沈埋函体7の通路を形成する。すなわち、製作ヤード39と海とが連通する。なお、鋼管矢板筒29の海に面した面には、ゲート35が形成されるため、ゲート35よりも陸側の製作ヤード39へ海水が流入することが防止される。   The production yard 39 is formed up to the steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29. On the side surface of the production yard 39, a mountain stop 37 is provided. That is, the pile 37 is joined to the steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29. Moreover, a part of steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29 is excised, and the channel | path of the sinking box 7 mentioned later is formed. That is, the production yard 39 communicates with the sea. Since the gate 35 is formed on the surface of the steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29 facing the sea, the seawater is prevented from flowing into the production yard 39 on the land side of the gate 35.

なお、ゲート35は、鋼管矢板筒29の海に面した側面に形成したが、他の部位であってもよい。すなわち、ゲート35は、製作ヤード39における沈埋函体7の組み立て場所を確保できれば、鋼管矢板筒29の他方の側面(陸側の側面)に形成してもよく、または、地盤の開削部に形成してもよい。   In addition, although the gate 35 was formed in the side surface which faced the sea of the steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29, another site | part may be sufficient. That is, the gate 35 may be formed on the other side surface (land side surface) of the steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29 or formed on the ground excavation part as long as the assembly place of the submerged box 7 in the production yard 39 can be secured. May be.

次に、図5に示すように、ドライドッグとして機能する製作ヤード39において、沈埋函体7を組み立てる。図6は、図5のB−B線断面図であり、沈埋函体7の長手方向に垂直な断面図である。   Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the submerged box 7 is assembled in the production yard 39 that functions as a dry dog. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 5, and is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the submerged box 7.

沈埋函体7は、複数のセグメント27で構成される。セグメント27は、例えば、従来シールドトンネルに用いられるRCセグメントと同様の構造である。すなわち、略円弧状のセグメント27同士は、周方向に接続されて、例えば、略円形の形状となる。なお、本実施例では、二つの円形が連結した形状となるように、セグメント27を周方向に連結する。   The submerged box 7 is composed of a plurality of segments 27. For example, the segment 27 has the same structure as the RC segment used in the conventional shield tunnel. That is, the substantially arc-shaped segments 27 are connected in the circumferential direction, for example, have a substantially circular shape. In this embodiment, the segments 27 are connected in the circumferential direction so that two circular shapes are connected.

セグメント27の周方向の連結部には、図示を省略したシール部材が設けられる。セグメント27を周方向に連結して閉断面形状とすると、セグメント27の幅に応じた環状部材(図では2連)が形成される。この環状部材を長手方向に複数連結することで、所定の長さの沈埋函体7が製造される。   A seal member (not shown) is provided at the circumferential connecting portion of the segment 27. When the segments 27 are connected in the circumferential direction to form a closed cross-sectional shape, an annular member (two in the figure) corresponding to the width of the segment 27 is formed. By connecting a plurality of the annular members in the longitudinal direction, the submerged box 7 having a predetermined length is manufactured.

なお、環状部材同士を長手方向に連結する際には、縦締め緊張材25によって沈埋函体7の長手方向に対してプレストレスが付与される。このようにすることで、環状部材同士の連結部の止水性を保つことができる。なお、環状部材同士の連結部には、図示を省略したシール部材が設けられる。   When connecting the annular members in the longitudinal direction, prestress is applied to the longitudinal direction of the submerged box 7 by the longitudinal fastening tension member 25. By doing in this way, the water stop of the connection part of annular members can be maintained. In addition, the sealing member which abbreviate | omitted illustration is provided in the connection part of annular members.

さらに、本発明では、必要に応じて、セグメント27の周方向の連結に対しても、横締め緊張材23を配置してプレストレスを付与することができる。このようにすることで、セグメント27の周方向の連結部の止水性を高めることができる。   Furthermore, in the present invention, the pre-stress can be applied by arranging the lateral fastening tension material 23 for the connection in the circumferential direction of the segment 27 as necessary. By doing in this way, the water stop of the connection part of the circumferential direction of the segment 27 can be improved.

沈埋函体7の内部には、例えばバラスト21が設けられる。また、沈埋函体7の両端は塞がれる。   For example, a ballast 21 is provided inside the submerged box 7. Further, both ends of the submerged box 7 are closed.

沈埋函体7の組み立てが完了すると、図7に示すように、ゲート35を開き、製作ヤード39内に、海水を導入する。なお、ゲート35の素材は、例えば鉄やコンクリート(プレキャスト)などであり、ゲート35は、大型重機などで引き上げる方法や、仮設水門のような方法で開閉される。   When the assembly of the submerged box 7 is completed, the gate 35 is opened and seawater is introduced into the production yard 39 as shown in FIG. The material of the gate 35 is, for example, iron or concrete (precast), and the gate 35 is opened and closed by a method of pulling up with a large heavy machine or a method of a temporary sluice gate.

海面に浮上した沈埋函体7は、曳航船によって海側に曳航される(図中矢印C)。すなわち、沈埋函体7は、製作ヤード39から沈設場所の海上まで曳航されて移動する。   The submerged box 7 that has surfaced on the sea surface is towed to the sea side by the towing vessel (arrow C in the figure). That is, the submerged box 7 is towed and moved from the production yard 39 to the sea of the installation site.

なお、ゲート35を上方に上げた際、ゲート35の下端を沈埋函体7の天端よりも上方に上げる必要がある。このため、ゲート35の上昇範囲を小さくするためには、沈埋函体7の吃水は極力大きくして天端の位置を低くすればよい。一方、沈埋函体7の吃水を大きくする場合、沈埋函体7の中のバラストの装着に負担がかかるため、これらのバランスから吃水および天端位置を設定することが望ましい。   When the gate 35 is raised upward, the lower end of the gate 35 needs to be raised above the top end of the submerged box 7. For this reason, in order to reduce the rising range of the gate 35, the flooding of the submerged box 7 should be made as large as possible to lower the position of the top. On the other hand, when the flooding of the submerged box 7 is increased, it is desirable to set the submergence and the top end position based on the balance between these because the ballast in the submerged box 7 is loaded.

なお、ゲート35は、図示したように、上下に移動させる形態ではなく、両開きなどの形態でも良い。   As shown in the figure, the gate 35 may not be moved up and down, but may be double open.

海上に曳航された沈埋函体7は、図8に示すように、沈設場所まで曳航される(図中矢印C)。この際、前述した様に、沈埋函体7の沈設場所の海底11は、予め所定の深さまで掘削されて、前述した様に砕石13が敷設される。なお、海底11を掘削して砕石13が敷設された底を、海底11aとする。すなわち、沈埋函体7は海底11aに沈設される。   The submerged box 7 towed to the sea is towed to the set place (arrow C in the figure) as shown in FIG. At this time, as described above, the seabed 11 where the submerged box 7 is set is excavated in advance to a predetermined depth, and the crushed stone 13 is laid as described above. The bottom where the seabed 11 is excavated and the crushed stone 13 is laid is defined as the seabed 11a. That is, the buried box 7 is set on the seabed 11a.

沈埋函体7を沈設場所まで曳航した後、図9に示すように、バラスト21に水を導入し、沈埋函体7を沈設する(図中矢印D)。以上により、所望の場所の海底11aに沈埋函体7を沈設することができる。なお、海底トンネル部端部に設置される沈埋函体7は、その後、接続部9に接続される。なお、この時点で、例えば沈埋函体7の通路部分(上部)を除いて、底版33上に例えばケーソン等によって接続部9の一部を構築してもよい。なお、接続部9に接続される陸上トンネル部5の施工方法は後述する。   After towing the submerged box 7 to the setting site, as shown in FIG. 9, water is introduced into the ballast 21 to set the submerged box 7 (arrow D in the figure). As described above, the submerged box 7 can be set on the seabed 11a at a desired location. The submerged box 7 installed at the end of the submarine tunnel portion is then connected to the connection portion 9. At this time, a part of the connecting portion 9 may be constructed on the bottom plate 33 by, for example, caisson, except for the passage portion (upper part) of the submerged box 7. In addition, the construction method of the land tunnel part 5 connected to the connection part 9 is mentioned later.

以上の沈埋函体7の製造、曳航および沈設を繰り返す。複数の沈埋函体7を沈設した後、隣り合う沈埋函体7同士を接続する。なお、沈埋函体7同士の接続には、通常のセグメント同士を連結できれば、いずれの構造であってもよい。また、全ての沈埋函体7が鋼管矢板筒29の部位を通過した後、接続部9を地上まで完成させる。   The manufacturing, towing and setting of the buried box 7 are repeated. After sinking a plurality of submerged boxes 7, adjacent submerged boxes 7 are connected to each other. In addition, any structure may be sufficient for the connection of the submerged boxes 7 if normal segments can be connected. Moreover, after all the submerged boxes 7 pass through the site | part of the steel pipe sheet pile cylinder 29, the connection part 9 is completed to the ground.

ここで、従来の箱型の沈埋函体の接続構造には、周囲の変形を吸収するための可撓性機構が設けられる。一方、本発明の沈埋函体7同士の接続部には、可撓性機構は不要である。これは、本発明の沈埋函体7が、多数の環状部材で構成されるため、環状部材同士の接続部において、わずかに変位を許容することができるためである。例えば、本発明の沈埋函体7は、80〜100の環状部材が長手方向に連結されて構成される。従来の接続構造における可撓性機構が100mm程度の変形を許容するとすれば、本発明では、環状部材同士の接続部でそれぞれ1mm程度に分散して変形を許容できればよいこととなる。このため、沈埋函体同士の接続部には、可撓性機構が不要となる。   Here, the connection structure of the conventional box-shaped submerged box is provided with a flexible mechanism for absorbing surrounding deformation. On the other hand, a flexible mechanism is not necessary for the connecting portion between the sinking boxes 7 of the present invention. This is because the submerged box 7 of the present invention is composed of a large number of annular members, so that a slight displacement can be allowed at the connecting portion between the annular members. For example, the submerged box 7 of the present invention is configured by connecting 80 to 100 annular members in the longitudinal direction. Assuming that the flexible mechanism in the conventional connection structure allows deformation of about 100 mm, in the present invention, it is sufficient that the deformation can be permitted by being dispersed by about 1 mm at the connecting portions of the annular members. For this reason, a flexible mechanism becomes unnecessary in the connection part between submerged boxes.

この結果、本発明の沈埋函体7を用いた沈埋トンネルは、長手方向において、略一定の剛性となるため、従来のように、接続部で大きな剛性変化部が形成されることがなく、応力集中も生じにくい。   As a result, since the submerged tunnel using the submerged case 7 of the present invention has substantially constant rigidity in the longitudinal direction, a large rigidity change part is not formed at the connection part as in the conventional case, and stress is reduced. Concentration is also unlikely to occur.

なお、沈埋函体7同士を接続するには、沈埋函体7同士の間にシール部材を挟み込んで水圧接合で行われる。水圧接合は、まず、シール部材が端面に取り付けた沈埋函体7を、他方の沈埋函体7に取り付けられ、図示を省略した引寄せジャッキで引き寄せる。この際、引寄せジャッキの力で、シール部材を圧縮し、止水効果を得る。次に、沈埋函体7の端面とシール部材で囲まれた部分の水を排水すると、沈埋函体7の反対側端面の外部水圧と差圧を生じ、シール部材は更に圧縮量を増し、安全性の高い止水効果が得られる。   In addition, in order to connect the submerged boxes 7, the sealing member is sandwiched between the submerged boxes 7 and is performed by hydraulic bonding. In the hydraulic joining, first, the submerged box 7 attached to the end surface of the seal member is attached to the other submerged box 7 and is drawn by a drawing jack (not shown). At this time, the sealing member is compressed by the force of the pulling jack to obtain a water stop effect. Next, when the water surrounded by the end surface of the submerged box 7 and the seal member is drained, an external water pressure and a differential pressure are generated on the opposite end surface of the submerged box 7, and the seal member further increases the amount of compression, and is safe. High water stopping effect is obtained.

沈埋函体7の内面および接続部の内面には、二次覆工15が打設される。以上により、沈埋函体7同士の接続が完了する。海底トンネル部3の全長にわたって沈埋函体7を沈設して接合が完了して、沈埋函体7を埋め戻すことで、海底トンネル部3が完成する。   A secondary lining 15 is placed on the inner surface of the submerged box 7 and the inner surface of the connecting portion. Thus, the connection between the submerged boxes 7 is completed. By submerging the submerged box 7 over the entire length of the submarine tunnel part 3 and completing the joining, the submerged box 7 is backfilled to complete the submarine tunnel part 3.

このように、トンネル1に用いられる沈埋函体7を、従来のシールドトンネルに用いられるセグメントを連結して構成するため、断面にアーチ形状を容易に形成することができる。したがって、従来のように、ドライドッグにおいて場所打ちで形成される箱型の沈埋函体と比較して、耐外圧特性が向上する。このため、肉厚を薄くすることができる。   Thus, since the submerged box 7 used for the tunnel 1 is configured by connecting segments used for the conventional shield tunnel, an arch shape can be easily formed in the cross section. Therefore, the resistance to external pressure is improved as compared with a box-type submerged box formed by spot casting in a dry dog as in the prior art. For this reason, thickness can be made thin.

なお、本発明は、沈埋トンネルに対して、シールドトンネルに用いられるセグメントを利用し、セグメントを連結して構築した沈埋函体7を用いたものである。同様のトンネルを、シールド工法で構築しようとすれば、トンネルが複数のセグメントで構築される点では同様となるが、シールド工法は所定の厚さの土被りが必要であることから、より深くにトンネルを構築する必要がある。本発明では、セグメントで構成した沈埋函体7を沈設するため、このような制約がなく、比較的浅い地中にトンネルを構築することができる。   In addition, this invention uses the submerged box 7 constructed by connecting the segments using the segments used for the shield tunnel with respect to the submerged tunnel. If the same tunnel is constructed by the shield method, it is the same in that the tunnel is constructed by a plurality of segments, but the shield method requires a covering with a predetermined thickness, so it is deeper. Need to build a tunnel. In the present invention, since the submerged box 7 composed of segments is set, there is no such restriction, and a tunnel can be constructed in a relatively shallow ground.

また、セグメント同士は例えば長手方向に対してプレストレスが付与されるため、高い止水性を確保することができる。さらに、周方向にもプレストレスを付与すれば、さらに高い止水性を確保することができる。   Moreover, since prestress is provided with respect to the longitudinal direction between segments, for example, high water stoppage can be ensured. Furthermore, if prestress is given also to the circumferential direction, still higher water stoppage can be ensured.

また、セグメントを組み立てることで沈埋函体7を製造することができるため、作業が容易であり、また、作業者の熟練度等によって、品質に対する影響を受けにくい。   Further, since the submerged box 7 can be manufactured by assembling the segments, the work is easy, and the quality is hardly affected by the skill level of the operator.

また、沈埋函体7の組み立てを行う製作ヤード39として、陸上トンネル施工範囲5aが利用される。このため、沈設場所に近い場所で沈埋函体7を組み立てることができる。また、開削によって形成される製作ヤード39は、その後の陸上トンネル部5の施工にそのまま利用することができる。したがって、無駄がなく、効率よくトンネル1を施工することができる。   Further, as the production yard 39 for assembling the submerged box 7, the land tunnel construction range 5 a is used. For this reason, the buried box 7 can be assembled at a place close to the set place. Further, the production yard 39 formed by the excavation can be used as it is for the construction of the land tunnel portion 5 thereafter. Therefore, there is no waste and the tunnel 1 can be constructed efficiently.

次に、陸上トンネル部5の施工方法について説明する。陸上トンネル部5は、従来の開削工法で施工することもできるが、以下のようにして施工することもできる。   Next, the construction method of the land tunnel part 5 is demonstrated. Although the land tunnel part 5 can be constructed by a conventional open-cut method, it can also be constructed as follows.

まず、図11に示すように、陸上トンネル部5の施工領域のほぼ全域を開削して、例えば最端部(海底トンネル部3から遠い側であって、地表に近い側)に製作ヤード39aを構築する。製作ヤード39aは、海面よりも低い位置に形成される。また、製作ヤード39aの海側の端部には、ゲート35aが設けられる。ゲート35aによって、製作ヤード39aへ海水が流入することが防止される。すなわち、ゲート35aの外側(海側)の陸上トンネル施工範囲5aには、海水が導入される。   First, as shown in FIG. 11, the entire construction area of the land tunnel portion 5 is excavated, and the production yard 39a is formed at, for example, the endmost portion (the side far from the submarine tunnel portion 3 and close to the ground surface). To construct. The production yard 39a is formed at a position lower than the sea level. A gate 35a is provided at the sea side end of the production yard 39a. The gate 35a prevents seawater from flowing into the production yard 39a. That is, seawater is introduced into the land tunnel construction area 5a outside the gate 35a (sea side).

ゲート35aによってドライドッグとして機能する製作ヤード39aでは、沈埋函体7が組み立てられる。   The sinking box 7 is assembled in the production yard 39a that functions as a dry dog by the gate 35a.

沈埋函体7の組み立てが完了すると、図12に示すように、ゲート35aを開き、製作ヤード39a内に、海水を導入する。水面に浮上した沈埋函体7は、曳航船によって海側に曳航される(図中矢印E)。すなわち、沈埋函体7は、製作ヤード39から沈設場所まで曳航される。   When the assembly of the submerged box 7 is completed, as shown in FIG. 12, the gate 35a is opened, and seawater is introduced into the production yard 39a. The submerged box 7 that has surfaced on the surface of the water is towed to the sea side by the towing vessel (arrow E in the figure). That is, the submerged box 7 is towed from the production yard 39 to the set place.

図13に示すように、沈埋函体7が、陸上トンネル施工範囲5aにおける沈設場所まで水上を移動した後、バラスト21に水を導入し、沈埋函体7を沈設する(図中矢印F)。以上により、所望の場所に沈埋函体7を沈設することができる。なお、陸上トンネル部5の端部に設置される沈埋函体7は、接続部9に接続される。   As shown in FIG. 13, after the sinking box 7 moves on the water to the settling site in the land tunnel construction range 5 a, water is introduced into the ballast 21 to set the sinking box 7 (arrow F in the figure). As described above, the submerged box 7 can be set in a desired place. The submerged box 7 installed at the end of the land tunnel unit 5 is connected to the connection unit 9.

以上の沈埋函体7の製造、曳航および沈設を繰り返す。複数の沈埋函体7を沈設した後、隣り合う沈埋函体7同士を接続する。なお、沈埋函体7同士の接続には、海底トンネル部3の施工と同様である。   The manufacturing, towing and setting of the buried box 7 are repeated. After sinking a plurality of submerged boxes 7, adjacent submerged boxes 7 are connected to each other. The connection between the submerged boxes 7 is the same as the construction of the submarine tunnel portion 3.

全ての沈埋函体7の沈設が完了した後、内面および接続部の内面に、二次覆工15が打設される。以上により、沈埋函体7同士の接続が完了する。陸上トンネル部5の全長にわたって沈埋函体7を沈設して接合が完了して、沈埋函体7を埋め戻すことで、陸上トンネル部5が完成する。   After the sinking of all the sinking boxes 7 is completed, the secondary lining 15 is placed on the inner surface and the inner surface of the connecting portion. Thus, the connection between the submerged boxes 7 is completed. By submerging the submerged box 7 over the entire length of the land tunnel part 5 and completing the joining, the land tunnel part 5 is completed by refilling the submerged box 7.

以上のように、本発明では、陸上トンネル部5についても、沈埋函体7の沈設によって施工することができる。すなわち、シールド工法が利用できないような比較的浅い陸上トンネル部5に対しても、セグメントを利用した陸上トンネル部5を容易に施工することができる。   As described above, in the present invention, the land tunnel portion 5 can also be constructed by setting the submerged box 7. That is, the land tunnel part 5 using the segments can be easily constructed even for the relatively shallow land tunnel part 5 where the shield method cannot be used.

以上、添付図を参照しながら、本発明の実施の形態を説明したが、本発明の技術的範囲は、前述した実施の形態に左右されない。当業者であれば、特許請求の範囲に記載された技術的思想の範疇内において各種の変更例または修正例に想到し得ることは明らかであり、それらについても当然に本発明の技術的範囲に属するものと了解される。   As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described referring an accompanying drawing, the technical scope of this invention is not influenced by embodiment mentioned above. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various modifications or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood that it belongs.

例えば、沈埋函体7は、長手方向にまっすぐに形成される例を示したが、本発明はこれに限られず、テーパセグメントなどを用いれば、所望の角度および方向に曲がったトンネルを構築することもできる。その場合には、縦締め緊張材25をいくつかの区間ごとに分けて配置してもよい。   For example, although the submerged box 7 has been shown to be formed straight in the longitudinal direction, the present invention is not limited to this, and if a tapered segment or the like is used, a tunnel bent in a desired angle and direction can be constructed. You can also. In that case, you may arrange | position and arrange | position the vertical tension tendon 25 for every some area.

また、接続部9は、必ずしも必要ではない。この場合、接続部9を本設躯体ではなく仮説躯体として構築して、海底トンネル部3と陸上トンネル部5とを接続後、撤去又は埋め戻せばよい。   Moreover, the connection part 9 is not necessarily required. In this case, the connecting portion 9 may be constructed as a hypothetical housing instead of the main housing, and the submarine tunnel portion 3 and the land tunnel portion 5 may be connected and then removed or backfilled.

1………トンネル
3………海底トンネル部
3a………海底トンネル施工範囲
5………陸上トンネル部
5a………陸上トンネル施工範囲
7………沈埋函体
9………接続部
11、11a………海底
13………砕石
15………二次覆工
17………車道
19………避難通路
21………バラスト
23………横締め緊張材
25………縦締め緊張材
27………セグメント
29………鋼管矢板筒
31………鋼管矢板
33………底版
35、35a………ゲート
37………山留
39、39a………製作ヤード
1 ......... Tunnel 3 ......... Submarine tunnel part 3a ......... Submarine tunnel construction area 5 ......... Onshore tunnel part 5a ......... Onshore tunnel construction area 7 ......... Submerged box 9 ......... Connection part 11, 11a ……… The seabed 13 ……… Crumble 15 ……… Secondary lining 17 ……… Road 19 ……… Evacuation passage 21 ……… Ballast 23 ……… Horizontal tension 25 ……… Vertical tension 27 ……… Segment 29 ……… Steel pipe sheet pile 31 ……… Steel sheet pile 33 ……… Bottom plate 35, 35a ……… Gate 37 ……… Yamadome 39, 39a ……… Production Yard

Claims (4)

海底トンネルの施工方法であって、
陸上トンネル施工範囲の少なくとも一部にゲートを設け、前記ゲートの陸側において、陸上トンネル施工範囲の所定の範囲を開削する工程と、
前記ゲートの陸側において、複数のセグメントを周方向および長手方向に連結して沈埋函体を構築する工程と、
前記ゲートを開けて、前記沈埋函体を浮かせた状態で海上を移動し、前記沈埋函体の設置場所で前記沈埋函体を沈設する工程と、
隣り合う沈埋函体同士を接続する工程と、
を具備することを特徴とする海底トンネルの施工方法。
A method for constructing a submarine tunnel,
Providing a gate in at least a part of the land tunnel construction range, and on the land side of the gate, cutting a predetermined range of the land tunnel construction range; and
On the land side of the gate, connecting a plurality of segments in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction to construct a submerged box,
Opening the gate, moving the sea in a state where the box is floating, and sinking the box at the place where the box is installed;
Connecting adjacent buried boxes,
A construction method of a submarine tunnel characterized by comprising:
複数のセグメントを周方向および長手方向に連結して函体を構築する際に、長手方向に緊張材を配置してプレストレスを付与する工程を具備することを特徴とする請求項1記載の海底トンネルの施工方法。   2. The seabed according to claim 1, further comprising a step of applying prestress by arranging a tension material in the longitudinal direction when a box is constructed by connecting a plurality of segments in the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction. Tunnel construction method. 前記陸上トンネル施工範囲と海底トンネルとの接続部において、
複数の鋼管矢板を互いに継手によって接合し、前記鋼管矢板で囲まれた範囲に底版を構築する工程と、
前記沈埋函体を通過させる際に、前記鋼管矢板の一部を切除して、前記沈埋函体の通路を形成する工程と、
前記沈埋函体がすべて通過した後、前記底版上に、海底トンネルと陸上トンネルとの接続部を構築する工程と、
を具備することを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の海底トンネルの施工方法。
In the connection part between the land tunnel construction area and the submarine tunnel,
Joining a plurality of steel pipe sheet piles together by a joint, and building a bottom plate in a range surrounded by the steel pipe sheet piles;
When passing through the submerged box, cutting a part of the steel pipe sheet pile to form a passage of the submerged box;
After all of the submerged box has passed, a step of constructing a connection between the submarine tunnel and the land tunnel on the bottom plate,
The construction method of the submarine tunnel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising:
海底トンネルと接続される陸上トンネルの施工方法であって、
陸上トンネル施工範囲まで、海底トンネル部を施工する工程と、
陸上トンネル施工範囲の少なくとも一部にゲートを設け、前記ゲートの陸側において、陸上トンネル施工範囲を開削する工程と、
前記ゲートの陸側において、複数のセグメントを長手方向に連結して沈埋函体を構築する工程と、
前記陸上トンネル施工範囲に海水を流入させる工程と、
前記ゲートを開けて、前記沈埋函体を浮かせた状態で水上を移動し、前記沈埋函体の設置場所で前記沈埋函体を沈設する工程と、
前記海底トンネル部と、前記陸上トンネル施工範囲の前記沈埋函体とを接続する工程と、
を具備することを特徴とする陸上トンネルの施工方法。
A method for constructing a land tunnel connected to a submarine tunnel,
The process of constructing the submarine tunnel to the land tunnel construction range,
Providing a gate in at least a part of the land tunnel construction range, and cutting the land tunnel construction range on the land side of the gate; and
On the land side of the gate, a step of connecting a plurality of segments in the longitudinal direction to construct a submerged box,
Flowing seawater into the land tunnel construction area;
Opening the gate, moving the submerged case in a floating state, and sinking the submerged case at a place where the submerged case is installed;
Connecting the submarine tunnel and the submerged box in the land tunnel construction range;
A construction method of an overland tunnel characterized by comprising:
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