JP2016140327A - Cultivation device for crops - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase yield, reduce heating cost and an incidence of injured fruit, and improve taste of fruit.SOLUTION: A cultivation device comprises: cradle means 4 for arranging crops (strawberries S) of fruit M as agricultural products; and fruit heating means 2 for heating the vicinity of at least part of fruit M to a temperature higher than that of atmosphere. It is preferable that the cradle means 4 has height enough that a standing or sitting operator can work appropriately when the crops (strawberries S) are arranged thereon. The fruit heating means 2 comprises warm water pipe for circulating warm water inside of which the temperature is higher than that of atmosphere inside. A heat dissipator 7 is arranged in the outer periphery surface of the warm water supply means, within the range in which fruit is produced while the heat dissipator is heatedly contacted; and crown heating means 6 for heating the crown of crops to a temperature higher than that of atmosphere or culture media.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a crop for cultivating a crop that harvests the fruit as an agricultural product.

  Conventionally, in the cultivation of crops that harvest the fruits of crops as agricultural products, such as rosaceae strawberries, the crown part of the strawberry seedling (generic name near the boundary between the root and stem) is used as a heating means such as a hot water pipe or heating wire. The method of heating using is performed (see the following Patent Documents 1 to 5 and Non-Patent Document 1).

  In other words, with this cultivation technique, it is only forcibly cultivating that the crown part (stock company) where the growth points of strawberries are concentrated is heated to about 20 ° C by a double tube pipe connected to the cold / hot water production device. Increases early yields during the high unit prices and the period until February, shortens harvest breaks, leveles harvest peaks, and lowers the management temperature in the house even in the severe winter season when heating is required It is reported that it can save a lot of heating costs and can greatly increase the yield even in summer / autumn harvesting.

However, in the cultivation method for heating the crown portion shown in Non-Patent Document 1 or the like, there is a limit to further increase in yield or reduction in heating cost, etc. There was a problem to be solved, such as difficulty in improving sweetness.
JP 2012-34660 A JP2011-101629 JP 2008-1113613 A JP 2008-11730 A JP 2007-289125 A "Crown temperature warming technology for stable production of strawberries" Agriculture technology 64 425-430

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can contribute to an increase in yield, a reduction in heating costs, and the like, and can further reduce the incidence of obstacle fruits and improve the taste (sweetness) of fruits. It aims at providing the cultivation equipment of.

(1) In the crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention, a stand means for arranging a crop from which the fruit is harvested as an agricultural product, and an ambient temperature in the vicinity of at least some of the fruits of the crop And a fruit part heating means for heating to a higher temperature.
(2) In the crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 2 of the present invention, the gantry means has a height at which an operator in a standing or sitting position can work properly when the crop is installed.
(3) In the crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 3 of the present invention, the fruit part heating means includes hot water pipe means for circulating hot water having a temperature higher than the atmospheric temperature.
(4) The crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 4 of the present invention circulates hot water of 5 to 45 ° C. in the hot water pipe means when the ambient temperature is 0 to 25 ° C.
(5) In the crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 5 of the present invention, it is assumed that a radiator is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the hot water pipe means in a thermal contact state, and that the radiator bears fruit. It is arranged so as to occupy the range to be performed.
(6) In the crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 6 of the present invention, in addition to the fruit part warming means, the crown part warming that heats the crown part of the crop to a temperature higher than the temperature of the atmosphere or the medium. Means are attached.
(7) In the crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 7 of the present invention, at least a part of the gantry means and the fruit portion heating means is disposed in a room in which circulation with outside air is restricted.

The crop cultivation apparatus of the present invention has the following effects.
(1) It can contribute to energy saving such as increase in crop yield and reduction in heating cost, and can reduce the incidence of crop fruit and improve the taste (sweetness) of crops (for example, fruits).
(2) Even in a standing or sitting position, a work on a crop, for example, a work such as harvesting a crop (fruit) can be performed appropriately (easily and efficiently).
(3) In the case where the fruit part warming means is a hot water pipe through which warm water is circulated, it is a simple device means that is commonly used in the field of agricultural technology, but stable operation and equipment maintenance work, etc. It can be carried out.
(4) When the atmospheric temperature is 0 to 25 ° C., when the hot water of 5 to 45 ° C. is circulated in the hot water pipe means, the yield of crops is increased, the heating cost is reduced, and the rate of occurrence of crop damage Can be effectively reduced, and the taste (sweetness) of crops (for example, fruits) can be effectively improved.
(5) A radiator is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the hot water pipe means in a thermal contact state, and the radiator is arranged so as to roughly occupy a range in which the fruit of the crop is expected to bear fruit. Heat is conducted from the hot water pipe means to the radiator and the temperature of the radiator is raised, so that even if the position of the fruit that bears fruit varies somewhat, the fruit of the crops that bear fruit will face the heated radiator. Therefore, the fruit can be heated, and the heating effect of the fruit part can be sufficiently exhibited.
(6) In addition to the fruit part warming means, in addition to the fruit part warming means, the crop part by the crown part warming means is provided with a crown part warming means for warming the crown part of the crop to a temperature higher than the temperature of the atmosphere or the medium. Combined with the improvement of the degree of growth of fruits, it is possible to obtain a synergistic effect by heating the fruit part by means of heating the fruit part, increasing the yield of crops, reducing heating costs, reducing the incidence of obstacle fruits, and improving the taste it can.
(7) In the case where at least a part of the gantry means and the fruit part heating means are arranged in a room in which the circulation with the outside air is restricted, it is efficient to reduce the heating cost of the heating in the room where the crop is cultivated. Can be done automatically.

  The crop cultivation apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a crop cultivation apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As a crop cultivated by the main cultivation apparatus 1, strawberry which is a rose family crop was adopted. Needless to say, crops to be grown are not limited to strawberries.

  The main cultivation apparatus 1 is provided with a fruit part heating means 2 for heating the vicinity of at least a part of the fruit M, which is strawberry S, which is a strawberry S, to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature of the place where the strawberry S is arranged. ing.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the fruit part heating means 2 includes hot water pipe means for circulating hot water having a temperature higher than the temperature of the atmosphere in which the strawberry S is arranged.

  The pot (medium) 3 in which the strawberry S is planted is arranged on the gantry means 4 having a height that allows a standing or sitting worker to work properly and easily. The gantry means 4 is installed in a room (inside the house) in which circulation with outside air is restricted. Even in outdoor cultivation, the main cultivation apparatus 1 may be installed and applied depending on various conditions such as temperature.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the hot water pipe means is connected with a heat medium tank (hot water tank) 5 for storing hot water as a heat medium and performing desired temperature control.

  Crown part heating means 6 for heating the crown part of the strawberry S to a temperature higher than the temperature of the atmosphere or the medium is installed. Similarly to the fruit portion heating means 2, the crown portion heating means 6 also includes hot water pipe means for circulating hot water having a temperature higher than the temperature of the atmosphere in which the strawberry S is placed. Similarly to the fruit part heating means 2, a heat medium tank (warm water tank) 5 for storing warm water as a heat medium and performing temperature control is connected.

  And by driving a pump, warm water flows into the warm water pipe means which is the fruit part warming means 2 from the warm water tank 5, and passes through the warm water pipe means which is the fruit part warming means 2 arranged on the opposite side. And then flows into the hot water tank 5. At this time, the vicinity of the fruit is heated. Also, hot water flows into the hot water pipe means which is the crown portion heating means 6 by driving the pump, and flows into the hot water tank 5 through the hot water pipe means which is the crown portion heating means 6 disposed on the opposite side. Is done. At this time, the vicinity of the crown is heated.

  Here, a radiator 6 made of an aluminum foil, an aluminum thin plate, or the like is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the hot water pipe means in a thermal contact state. The heat radiating body 6 is arranged so as to occupy the range where the fruit of the strawberry S is expected to bear fruit. Therefore, heat is conducted from the hot water pipe means which is the fruit portion heating means 2 to the radiator 7, the temperature of the radiator 7 itself is raised, and the fruit M facing the radiator 7 is heated.

  Below, the outline | summary and result of Example 1 which the inventor performed are demonstrated in the format which quotes the paper which the inventor wrote.

1 Objective Local warming in strawberry intensive cultivation was examined. Here, we examined the growth and yield of a system that locally heats the crown and the fruit area.

2 Method (1) Test greenhouse: In-house pipe house (2) Test variety: 'Tochiotome'
(3) Test cultivation system: A non-woven fabric having a width of 30 cm and a depth of 14 cm was installed on the top of a bench height of 110 cm, filled with coconut shells, and used as a cultivation tank. The irrigation was carried out by evaflow placed on the surface of the medium so that the drainage flowed on the black poly film provided outside the cultivation tank.
(4) Outline of cultivation:
Fixed planting; September 24, 2012 Planting style: 20 cm between plants 110 cm between two-row planted lighting; Conducted from November 21 (5) Local heating method:
Crown part: A pipe (outer diameter 20 mm, inner diameter 16 mm, made of polyethylene) was installed on the passage direction side, and water adjusted to 23 ° C. was allowed to flow when the temperature was 20 ° C. or lower. The water flow period is from November 2nd.
Fruit part: A pipe (outer diameter 25 mm, inner diameter 21 mm, made of polyethylene) was installed on the side of the passage, and water adjusted to 23 ° C. was allowed to flow when the temperature was 20 ° C. or lower. The water flow period is from November 16th. An aluminum film was installed between the upper surface of the cultivation tank and the pipe.
(6) Test section: Eight test sections were provided depending on the combination of heating set temperature (8 ° C. or 5 ° C.), local warming site, and presence or absence of local warming.

Summary of 3 results (results)
(1) Regardless of the heating set temperature, the petiole length and plant height from January 4 to March 5 were larger than those with and without crown heating (Table 1).

(2) The difference in the petiole length and plant height depending on the presence or absence of crown until March 5 was larger at 8 ℃ for the heating setting (Table 1).
(3) The petiole length, leaf length, leaf width and plant height on April 5 were the same in all test plots (Table 1).
(4) The flowering date of the 1st Echigo inflorescence was earlier with and without crown heating, regardless of the heating set temperature and the presence or absence of fruit heating (Table 2).

(5) The annual yield was lower than that at 8 ℃ at the heating preset temperature of 5 ℃. (Table 3).

(6) The cumulative total yield up to March, the heating period, was higher with and without local heating regardless of the preset heating temperature. At the heating set temperature of 5 ° C, it was lower than the heating set temperature of 8 ° C and without local heating (practical) without the crown heating, but with the crown heating, it exceeded the conventional (Table 3).
(7) The total yield after April was higher than 8 ℃ at the heating preset temperature of 5 ℃. The cumulative total yield up to early May was higher than 8 ° C at the heating set temperature of 5 ° C (Table 3).
(8) The cumulative premium yield up to March, the heating period at the heating setting temperature of 5 ° C, was higher than that with fruit warming (Table 4).

(9) Cumulative premium yield up to March, which is the heating period, was less than the heating setting temperature of 5 ° C without crown heating, but lower than the heating setting temperature of 8 ° C and no local heating (conventional). Exceeded practice (Table 4).
(10) The number of seed floats was less than nothing with and without fruit heating regardless of heating setting temperature and crown heating (Table 5).

(11) The number of seed floats was less than none with and without fruit heating regardless of heating setting temperature and crown heating (Table 5). The number of poorly colored fruits was higher than 8 ° C at the heating set temperature of 5 ° C when local heating was not performed (Table 5).
(12) The number of infertile fruits was higher than 8 ° C at the heating setting of 5 ° C (Table 5).
(13) Brix in January and February tended to be higher than 8 ° C at the heating set temperature of 5 ° C (Table 6). The presence or absence of local heating was considered not to affect Brix.

(Summary)
By heating the crown, the petiole length and plant height increased, the flowering of the first florets became faster and the yield during the heating period increased. It was thought that seed floating fruit reported to be generated at low temperature by fruit warming could be reduced.
The total yield and quality yield of the whole period were higher at the heating set temperature of 5 ° C and the local heating of the crown and fruit than the conventional 8 ° C and no local heating.

  Below, the outline | summary and result of Example 2 which the inventor performed are demonstrated in the format which quotes the paper which the inventor wrote.

1 Objective Local warming in strawberry intensive cultivation was examined. Here, we investigated the temperature distribution and energy-saving effect of a system that locally heats the crown and the fruit area.

2 Method (1) Test greenhouse: An in-house glass house (area 165 m ² ) was used. In the greenhouse, seven rows of upright cultivation equipment with a length of 15m and a height of 110cm were installed in the north-south direction. On the upper surface of the cultivation apparatus, a non-woven cultivation tank with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 14 cm was provided, filled with coconut shells, and strawberry was planted in a row of 20 cm2 between the strains, 150 in a row and 1050 in total. No curtains were installed in the greenhouse.
(2) Test local heating system: Crown part; Pipes (outer diameter 20 mm, inner diameter 16 mm, made of polyethylene) were installed on the passage direction side, and water adjusted to 23 ° C. was allowed to flow when the temperature was 20 ° C. or lower. Fruit part: A pipe (outside diameter 25 mm, inside diameter 21 mm, made of polyethylene) was installed on the passage direction side of the cultivation apparatus, and water adjusted to 23 ° C. was allowed to flow when the temperature was 20 ° C. or less. An aluminum film was installed between the upper surface of the cultivation tank and the pipe.
(3) Greenhouse heating system: A warm air heater was used to warm the greenhouse.
(4) Measurement and calculation: The place where the temperature distribution was measured was the central part of the greenhouse. The measurement was performed using a 0.32 mmT thermocouple, and data was collected at 1-minute intervals. The measurement points were as shown in FIG. The water temperature at the inlet and outlet of the pipe was measured every minute using a T thermocouple, and the amount of heating for stock heating was calculated. The amount of oil consumed by the hot air heater was measured every 10 minutes using an oil meter, and the amount of heating heat in the greenhouse was calculated.

Summary of 3 results (Results)
(1) When the set temperature in the greenhouse was 5 ° C, the temperature rose to about 10cm from the bottom of the crown heating pipe due to the crown heating. An increase in temperature in the medium was also observed (FIG. 3 (b)).
(2) When the set temperature in the greenhouse was 5 ° C, the temperature in the upper surface of the fruit warming pipe increased due to the fruit warming, and the temperature up to 2cm above the pipe was higher than that at the set temperature of 8 ° C (Fig. 3 (c)).
(3) When the set temperature in the greenhouse is 5 ° C, the surface temperature of the aluminum film installed between the upper surface of the cultivation tank and the pipe rises due to the fruit heating, and the set temperature is 8 ° C until the distance from 2 to 15cm from the fruit heating pipe. It was almost the same as time (Fig. 3 (d)).
(4) A comparison of the amount of heating heat in the test greenhouse on the day when the change in the outside air temperature showed a similar pattern, showed that when only the crown heating was performed at the heating set temperature of 5 ° C, the crown heating and the fruit heating When both temperatures were performed, the values were almost the same, and decreased by 42% and 58% when local heating was not performed at the heating set temperature of 8 ° C (Fig. 4).

Here, although not described in the inventor's paper, the annotation portion in FIG.
Greenhouse heating calorific value: calorific value 39.1MJ / L, heating efficiency 0.85, and comparison of the days when the calculated outside temperature showed the same pattern
(A: 8 ° C without local heating; 2013/1/19 12: 00-1 / 20 11:59, 5 ° C with crown heating; 2013/1/6 12: 00-1 / 7 11:59, 5 ℃, crown warming, fruit warming; 2013/1/10 12: 00-1 / 11 11:59
B: 8 ℃ ・ No local heating; 2012/12/25 12: 00-1 / 26 11: 59、5 ℃ ・ Crown heating; 2012/1/31 12: 00-2013 / 1/1 11:59 , 5 ° C, crown warming, fruit warming; 2013/1/11 12: 00-1 / 12 11:59).

(Summary)
In the test local heating system, the temperature near the installation of the heating pipe increased. Moreover, the aluminum film surface temperature installed between the fruit heating pipe and the cultivation water tank upper surface also increased.
It was considered that the amount of heating heat could be reduced from the conventional heating set temperature of 8 ° C by performing local heating at the set temperature of 5 ° C in the test greenhouse.

  Below, the outline | summary and result of Example 3 which the inventor performed are demonstrated in the format which quotes the paper which the inventor wrote.

1 Objective Local warming in strawberry intensive cultivation was examined. Here, based on the results of Examples 1 and 2, the growth / yield and the energy saving effect when the local heating system was introduced to the whole greenhouse to lower the heating set temperature were examined.

2 Method (1) Test greenhouse: ^Two pipe houses (area 50m ² ) (2) Test variety: 'Tochiotome'
(3) Test cultivation system: A bench length of 6.8m and a height of 1.1m with a non-woven fabric with a width of 30cm and a depth of 14cm, filled with coconut husks, and used as a cultivation tank. Three rows were installed. The irrigation was carried out with an irrigation tube placed on the surface of the medium so that the effluent flowed on a black poly film provided outside the cultivation tank.
(4) Outline of cultivation:
Planting style: September 27, 2013 Planting style: 20 cm between plants 110 cm between the two-row planting Lighting: Conducted from November 20 Harvest; Conducted until May 9, 2014 (5) Local heating method:
Crown part: A pipe (outer diameter 20 mm, inner diameter 16 mm, made of polyethylene) was installed on the passage direction side, and water adjusted to 23 ° C. was allowed to flow when the temperature was 20 ° C. or lower. The water flow period is from November 8th.
Fruit part: A pipe (outer diameter 25 mm, inner diameter 21 mm, made of polyethylene) was installed on the side of the passage, and water adjusted to 23 ° C. was allowed to flow when the temperature was 20 ° C. or lower. The water flow period is from November 22nd. An aluminum film was installed between the upper surface of the cultivation tank and the pipe.
(6) Greenhouse heating method: Hot air heater (Nepon)
(7) Measurement and calculation: The water temperature at pipe inlets and outlets installed in the crown part and fruit part was measured every minute using a thermocouple, and each water volume was measured every 10 minutes using a flow meter, and the heat release was calculated. The inside air temperature was measured every 1 minute using a thermocouple installed in the anemometer, and the outside air temperature was measured every 10 minutes at our representative observation point.
(8) Test area:
Demonstration zone: Heating preset temperature (5 ° C), with local heating Conventional practice zone: Heating preset temperature (8 ° C), no local heating (9) Test scale: 198 shares in 1 district.

Summary of 3 results (summary up to the previous year)
・ Crown heating increased the petiole length and plant height, leading to faster flowering of the first floret and increased yield during the heating period. It was thought that seed floating fruit reported to be generated at low temperature by fruit warming could be reduced.
・ The total yield and the top yield of the whole period were 5 ℃ for the heating set temperature, and the local warming of the crown and the fruit was higher than the usual 8 ℃ and no local warming.

(Result of this year)
(1) Since the end of November, plant height and petiole length have been significantly larger in the demonstration zone than in the conventional zone (Table 7).

(2) The annual yield was higher in the demonstration zone than in the customary zone (Figure 5, Table 8).

(3) Yield in early February was significantly higher in the demonstration zone, 50g in the demonstration zone / 10g / share in the customary district than in the practice district. This was thought to be due to the early harvesting of the first oyster bunch (Figure 5).
(4) Yield until the end of March, the heating period, was significantly higher in the demonstration zone than in the conventional zone (Table 8).
(5) Yield after April was higher in the demonstration zone than in the conventional district, and was remarkable after late April (Figure 5, Table 8).
(6) There was no significant difference between the demonstration zone and the customary zone until January, and the number of harvests was significantly higher in the demonstration zone than in the customary zone after February (Table 7).
(7) One fruit weight after April was significantly smaller in the demonstration zone than in the practice zone (Table 8).
(8) There was no significant difference in the incidence of damaged fruit between the demonstration zone and the conventional zone (Table 9).
(9) The number of fruits that were harvested was significantly higher in the demonstration plot than in the customary plot (Table 10).

(10) The sugar content Brix was significantly higher in the demonstration plot than in the conventional plot at the time of the April 4 survey (Table 11).

(11) The local temperature in the test greenhouse and during heating of the greenhouse were higher in the demonstration zone when the outside air temperature was 5.5 ° C or higher than the customary zone, and lower than the customary zone in the demonstration zone when it was less than 5.5 ° C (Figure 6). .
(12) The daily heat radiation from January 6 to 10, 2014 was higher in the demonstration zone than in the customary zone on January 8, when the outside air temperature was high, and lower in the demonstration zone than in the customary zone on the other days (Table 12).

(13) The heat release during the entire heating period (until March) was 7.96 GJ in the demonstration zone and 15.77 GJ in the custom zone. Of the heat release in the customary zone, the heat release from the crown heating part was 2.38 GJ, and the heat release from the fruit heating part was 3.09 GJ (Table 13).

(14) The heat release per kg of yield up to March was 56% lower than that in the customary zone in the demonstration zone. The amount of heat released per kg of yield until early May was reduced by 57% (Table 13).
(Summary)
When we introduced a local heating system throughout the greenhouse and lowered the heating setting temperature, the yield increased compared to the conventional practice, the amount of heat release decreased, and the reduction rate of heat release per yield was about 60%.

It is a figure which shows the cultivation apparatus of the crop which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the cultivation apparatus of the crop of FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a part of the results of Example 2. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a part of the results of Example 2. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a part of the results of Example 3. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a part of the results of Example 3.

1 Cultivation equipment 2 Fruit part warming means (hot water pipe means)
3 Pods (medium)
4 Mounting means 5 Heat medium tank (hot water tank)
6 Crown part heating means (hot water pipe means)
7 radiator

Claims (7)

A gantry means for arranging a crop from which the fruit is harvested as an agricultural product, and a fruit part heating means for heating the vicinity of at least some of the fruits of the crop to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature are provided. A crop cultivation apparatus characterized by that. 2. The crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gantry means has a height that allows a standing or sitting worker to work properly when the crop is installed. The crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fruit part heating means includes hot water pipe means for circulating hot water having a temperature higher than the ambient temperature. The crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein when the atmospheric temperature is 0 to 25 ° C, hot water of 5 to 45 ° C is circulated in the hot water pipe means. A heat radiator is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the hot water pipe means in a thermal contact state, and the heat radiator is disposed so as to roughly occupy a range in which the fruit is expected to bear fruit. The crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 4. 2. The crop according to claim 1, wherein in addition to the fruit part heating means, crown part heating means for heating the crown part of the crop to a temperature higher than the temperature of the atmosphere or the medium is attached. Cultivation equipment. The crop cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the gantry means and the fruit part heating means are arranged in a room in which circulation with outside air is restricted.