JP2017205023A - Cultivation bed for hydroponic cultivation and hydroponic cultivation method using cultivation bed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation bed for hydroponic cultivation, which makes it possible to bring the vicinity of a breeding crop planted on the cultivation bed close to a temperature atmosphere suitable for growing the crop by adding a relatively simple structure, and to provide a hydroponic cultivation method that enables efficient hydroponic cultivation using the cultivation bed.SOLUTION: According to the present invention, a cultivation bed comprises: a bed body 1 having a nutrient solution channel 11 through which nutrient solution W flows; and a lid plate 2. A plurality of brew holes 21 for planting crops is provided on the lid plate 2 at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the nutrient solution channel 11, while, in the vicinity of the brew hole 21 in the lid plate 2, a ventilation port 22 for communicating the inside and the outside of the nutrient solution channel 11 is provided. Using the temperature of the nutrient solution flowing through the nutrient solution channel 11, the temperature-adjusted air is allowed to flow out to the vicinity of the crop planted through the ventilation port 22. According to the present invention, a hydroponic cultivation method is carried out using the cultivation bed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a cultivation bed suitable for hydroponically cultivating crops such as fruits and fruit vegetables and a hydroponics method using the cultivation bed. In addition, the hydroponics which is made into object by this application is synonymous with hydroponics, Comprising: A crop is cultivated only with a nutrient solution (without soil) using the cultivation bed for hydroponics.

"Background explanation related to hydroponics"
First, background technology related to hydroponics performed in the present application will be described. Hydroponic cultivation is carried out by storing the nutrient solution in a cultivation bed called DFT (Liquid Hydroponic) and flowing the nutrient solution through a cultivation bed called NFT (Thin Film Hydroponic). There is a cultivation method. In the NFT system, the amount of water flowing to the cultivation bed is often set to a depth of, for example, about 10 to 20 mm so that the lower part of the root is immersed and the upper part of the root is exposed to the air.

  In the above DFT method, since the nutrient solution remains stored in the cultivation bed (does not flow), the temperature of the nutrient solution becomes substantially the same as the temperature in the cultivation room (house) (the nutrient solution temperature increases in summer) In winter, the temperature of the nutrient solution is low). On the other hand, in the NFT method, since the nutrient solution is allowed to flow (circulate) through the cultivation bed, the temperature of the nutrient solution supplied to the cultivation bed can be managed. In addition, this application is applied to the said NFT system hydroponics so that it may mention later.

  By the way, the crops that can be cultivated by hydroponics include melon as a representative example of fruits and tomatoes as representative examples of fruit vegetables, but in the following description, tomatoes are described as examples of hydroponic crops to be cultivated. To do.

  For hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes, a single seedling is continuously grown for a long period (for example, one year), and each fruit (tomato) that is successively fruited from the lower side is harvested over a long period of time. Harvest in accordance with the long cultivation method and when the fruit bunches are 3 to 4 tiers, the growth core (tip) is excised (stops growing upward), and the fruit bunches are successively fruited (becomes fruit). There is a low-stage cultivation method in which cultivation is completed when the last stage fruit is harvested.

  In the above-mentioned long cultivation method, the stem continues to grow for a long period of time (the fruit fruiting position becomes a high place out of reach), so it is necessary to sequentially guide the stem in the horizontal direction. Horizontal bending work is troublesome.

  In the above-mentioned low-stage cultivation method, the number of days for cultivation with a single seedling is short (for example, for 4 to 5 months), so that cultivation is repeated 2 to 3 times a year at the same place, but the cultivation cycle per time The harvestable period was relatively short (for example, for 4 to 5 months after planting the seedling until the fruit was harvested). That is, after planting seedlings, it takes a considerable number of days (the number of days to wait for harvesting) until the fruit bunches are ripened and the fruit can be harvested, so the cultivation efficiency in the same place is low (the harvest per cultivation day) Small amount). In addition, even if hydroponics in this application is what employs a low stage cultivation system so that it may mention later, it can improve harvest efficiency.

"Examples of conventional hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes"
As an example of cultivation in which tomato is hydroponically cultivated in a low-stage cultivation method, there is conventionally a cultivation performed using a cultivation bed B1 shown in FIG. 7 as shown in FIGS. The cultivation bed B <b> 1 (FIGS. 7 to 9) used in this conventional example includes a bed body 101 having a nutrient solution channel 111 through which the nutrient solution W flows and a cover plate 102 that covers the upper opening of the nutrient solution channel 111. It is equipped with. In addition, the cultivation bed B1 of the example of illustration has employ | adopted what was shape | molded by the firing polystyrene as the bed main body 101 and the cover board 102, respectively.

  The nutrient water channel 111 of the bed main body 101 is generally one having a width (for example, a width of about 30 to 40 cm) and a length of about 1 to 2 m, for example, so that the cultivated crop can be cultivated in a single row. For the grown crop, the state of the seedling shown in FIG. 8 is indicated by reference numeral 5a, and the state of the grown stock (hereinafter simply referred to as the stock) shown in FIG.

  A plurality of planting holes 121, 121,... Are formed in a row in the lid plate 102 at predetermined intervals in the length direction. Each of the planting holes 121 is for inserting the stem 52 portion of the cultivated crop (the seedling 5a and the strain 5), and has a relatively small diameter of about 2 to 4 cm.

  And cultivation bed B1 of Drawing 7 is used as follows for hydroponics cultivation. That is, a gantry bed mounting base (not shown) is installed in the house. First, a predetermined number of bed main bodies 101 of the cultivating bed B1 are continuously arranged in a row on the gantry and at a small angle ( For example, the angle is set to about 0.5 ° to 1 °). Next, a series of sealing sheets 114 are laid on the nutrient solution channel 111 in each bed body 101.

  Next, the upper openings of the series of nutrient solution channels 111 are covered with the cover plates 102, and before and after that, the nutrient solution W (FIGS. 8 and 9) is supplied to the series of nutrient solution channels 111 by a nutrient solution supply device (not shown). If it is made to flow, hydroponics of the cultivated crops (the seedlings 5a and the stock 5) using a series of cultivation beds B becomes possible. In addition, the nutrient solution W is supplied by the amount of water that flows to the bottom surface of the water channel with a predetermined depth (for example, a depth of 10 to 20 mm).

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8, tomato seedlings 5 a are planted in the respective planting holes 121 provided in the cover plate 102. Each seedling 5a is held in a posture by being tied to a support material (not shown).

  Next, in the low-stage cultivation method, as shown in FIG. 9, the growth core (tip portion) is cut off when the number of fruit bunches 54 is attached to each stock 5 (for example, 3 to 4 stages) (reference numeral C1). Then, harvesting is performed as the fruit bunches 54 are successively fruited (becomes fruits).

  And when the fruit of the last stage (uppermost stage) has been harvested, the old strain is discarded from the cultivation bed B1, and preparation for planting a new seedling 5a on the cultivation bed B1 portion (the old sealing sheet 114 is peeled off, After cleaning the nutrient water channel 111 of the main body 101 and newly laying the sealing sheet 114), a new seedling 5a is planted in each planting hole 121, thereby hydroponically cultivating the next crop. .

  By the way, when hydroponics is carried out in the house, especially in the summer (daytime), the house is managed so that the house does not become abnormally hot due to ventilation equipment or ventilation. It may become an abnormally high temperature (for example, over 35 ° C.). And when the inside of a house becomes abnormally high temperature in this way, a big damage will generate | occur | produce in a breeding crop. On the other hand, when the temperature in the house becomes abnormally low (for example, about 0 ° C. to 5 ° C.) at night in the winter season, the growth rate of the cultivated crop may be significantly slowed by the abnormal low temperature. In addition, if it is going to cover with a cooling equipment or a heating equipment in order to maintain the inside of a house at the temperature suitable for cultivation of a crop, equipment cost and energy cost will become high.

  On the other hand, the water temperature of the nutrient solution W flowing to the cultivation bed B1 is often managed at a water temperature (for example, around 20 ° C.) suitable for activating the root 51 of the cultivated crop. That is, the water temperature of the nutrient solution W supplied to the cultivation bed B1 is set to a water temperature (for example, around 20 ° C.) suitable for each crop regardless of the seasonal temperature change (temperature change in the house). This set water temperature is also a temperature suitable for cultivating the cultivated crops 5a and 5. The set water temperature (for example, around 20 ° C.) of the nutrient solution W is considerably lower than the house temperature during the daytime in the summer and considerably higher than the house temperature during the night in the winter.

"Problems of conventional hydroponics examples"
By the way, in the conventional hydroponics example shown in FIGS. 8-9, the nutrient solution W by which water temperature management was flowing continuously through the nutrient solution channel 111 part of cultivation bed B1, and the bed main body 101 (sealing sheet 114). ) And the cover plate 102, the air temperature in the space S is maintained at about the temperature of the nutrient solution W flowing therethrough (around 20 ° C.). It is difficult to flow out (upward). That is, although the cover plate 102 is provided with a plurality of (many) planting holes 121, the size of each planting hole 121 is relatively small (having a hole diameter of about 2 to 4 cm), and Since the crop stalk 52 is inserted into the planting hole 121, the exchange of air through the planting hole 121 hardly occurs.

  Therefore, even if the air in the space portion S in the cultivation bed B1 is maintained at a temperature suitable for the cultivation environment of the cultivated crop (for example, around 20 ° C.) by the circulation of the nutrient solution W, the air in the space portion S is cultivated. It is rarely used for growing crops and has little function to relieve the abnormal temperature when the house becomes extremely hot in summer or extremely cold in winter. Is the current situation.

  Moreover, in the conventional hydroponics example (low stage cultivation system) shown in FIGS. 8-9, the cultivation bed B1 is the whole cultivation period (for example, 4-5) from planting of the seedling 5a until the old stock discard after fruit harvesting. For a long period of cultivation, the harvestable period of the fruit was short, and therefore the cultivation efficiency was low (the yield per unit area was small).

  Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned various problems in conventional hydroponics (low-stage cultivation method), the present invention is suitable for crop cultivation in the vicinity of the grown crop planted on the cultivation bed with the addition of a relatively simple structure. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydroponics cultivation bed that can be brought close to a temperature environment, and a hydroponics method that enables efficient hydroponics using the cultivation bed.

  The present invention has the following configuration as means for solving the above problems. The present invention is directed to a cultivation bed for hydroponics (Claims 1 to 2) and a hydroponics method using the cultivation bed (Claims 3 to 4). The gist of each invention of the present application (claims 1 to 4) will be described with reference to the reference numerals of the drawings illustrated in the attached FIGS.

[Invention of Claim 1 of the Present Application]
The cultivation bed B of the invention of claim 1 includes a bed body 1 having a nutrient solution channel 11 for flowing the nutrient solution W and a cover plate 2 that covers the upper opening of the nutrient solution channel 11 so as to be freely opened and closed. is there.

  In the cultivation bed B of this claim 1, although the said nutrient water channel 11 may be only one row with respect to the single bed main body 1, as shown in the following claim 2, two rows of nutrient solution are provided in a single bed main body. What provided the water channel (code | symbol 11A, 11B) may be used. Moreover, although the length of the cultivation bed B of 1 unit is not specifically limited, about 1-2 m is easy to handle.

  When only one row of nutrient solution channels 11 is provided in a single bed body 1, the bed body 1 in FIG. 1 is halved as a cultivation bed, while the lid plate 2 is a ½ width bed body. Only one of the areas that can cover 1 is sufficient.

  And the cultivation bed B of this claim 1 is provided with a plurality of planting holes 21, 21... For crop cultivation with a predetermined interval in the length direction of the nutrient solution channel 11 on the lid plate 2. Are provided with vent holes 22, 22... For communicating the inside and outside of the nutrient solution water channel 11 in the vicinity of the planting holes 21, 21.

  In order to hydroponically cultivate using this cultivation bed B, an appropriate number of these cultivation beds B are connected in a line to form a long cultivation section, and a nutrient solution channel 11 is formed from one end of the series of cultivation beds B. The nutrient solution W is allowed to flow over the water in such a way that a predetermined small depth (for example, a depth of 10 to 20 mm) is ensured. Supplied and circulated in the set state. The set water temperature (for example, about 20 ° C.) of the nutrient solution W is substantially constant throughout the year, and is considerably lower than the house air temperature during summer days (for example, an abnormally high temperature exceeding 35 ° C.) It is much higher than the temperature inside the house at night in winter (for example, it may be an abnormally low temperature of 5 ° C. or lower).

  And when hydroponics is carried out using the cultivation bed of this claim 1, the air of the space S between the bed main body 1 and the cover plate 2 is cooled by the temperature of the nutrient solution W flowing through the nutrient solution channel 11 (in the case of summer) ) Or warming (in winter), the air in the space S is adjusted (cooled or warmed) to the temperature of the nutrient water while the nutrient solution W is flowing. In the following description, the air in the space S cooled or heated at the temperature of the nutrient solution W is referred to as adjusted air A for convenience.

  And in this cultivation bed B, since the vent hole 22 which connects the inside and outside of the nutrient solution channel 11 to the cover plate 2 is provided, the adjustment air A in the space S passes through the vent hole 22 and grows above the cover plate. It is released continuously in the vicinity of the crop (5a, 5). In particular, when the adjustment air A in the space S is higher than the air temperature on the upper surface side of the lid plate, the specific gravity of the adjustment air A in the space S is lighter than the air on the upper surface side of the lid plate. The adjustment air A in the part S naturally flows upward through the vent hole 22. The space S is supplemented with air outside the cultivation bed by the amount of air released from the vent 22, and this supplementary air is adjusted in sequence according to the temperature of the nutrient solution W flowing through the nutrient solution channel 11. The temperature is adjusted to air A.

  And if the adjustment air A in the said space part S is discharge | released sequentially from the ventilation hole 22, the temperature of the air in the vicinity of the cultivation crops (5a, 5) planted in the cultivation bed B will be discharge | released sequentially. Functions to approach the air temperature (adjusted air A above) and brings the vicinity of the crop close to a temperature environment suitable for crop cultivation even when the house is at an extremely high temperature in summer or an extremely low temperature in winter Can do.

[Invention of claim 2 of the present application]
The invention of claim 2 of the present application is the cultivation bed B of claim 1, wherein the bed main body 1 has the first nutrient solution channel 11 </ b> A and the second nutrient solution channel 11 </ b> B installed in parallel as the nutrient solution channel 11. On the other hand, the upper openings of the first nutrient solution channel 11A and the second nutrient solution channel 11B are individually covered with the cover plates 2 and 2, respectively.

  Even if this cultivation bed B of claim 2 is a single cultivation bed B as described in claim 4 described later, it is cultivated in the first nutrient solution channel 11A and the second nutrient solution channel 11B. It can be applied to cultivate alternately while overlapping the time.

[Invention of claim 3 of the present application]
Invention of Claim 3 of this application is the hydroponics method using the cultivation bed of the said Claim 1 or 2, Comprising: It is outside a cultivation bed by the air injection apparatus 4 in the space part S between the bed main body 1 and the cover plate 2. FIG. It is characterized by cultivating while injecting air.

  In the hydroponics method of claim 3, as explained in the invention of claim 1, the cover plate 2 is provided with the adjusted air A in the space S that has been temperature-adjusted with the temperature of the nutrient solution W during crop cultivation. By performing the discharge while continuously venting from the provided vent 22, the temperature of the air in the vicinity of the cultivated crops (5 a, 5) planted in the cultivation bed B is adjusted to the adjusted air A by the discharge temperature from the space S. Can come close to.

  On the other hand, the hydroponic cultivation method of claim 3 is particularly effective when the adjusted air A in the space S becomes lower than the air in the house, for example, during the daytime in summer. That is, during the summer day, the air in the house becomes hot (for example, may exceed 35 ° C.) due to solar heat, while the adjusted air A in the space S is cooled by the nutrient solution temperature (20 In this case, in the natural state, the low-temperature air (heavy specific gravity) in the space S hardly flows to the high-temperature air (light specific gravity) side in the house. The low-temperature air in S and the high-temperature air in the house are not easily interchanged naturally.

  Therefore, in the hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 3 of the present application, temperature adjustment is performed in the space S by injecting external (inside the house) air into the space S by the air injecting device 4 during hydroponics. The adjusted air A (cooled in summer) can be reliably discharged to the vicinity of the cultivated crop through the vent 22 of the cover plate 2.

  Note that the air injection into the space S by the air injection device 4 is performed when the air temperature in the house is lower than the air temperature in the space S as in winter (the adjusted air A in the space S is upward). However, in this case, the air exchange in the space S can be quickly performed by air injection from the air injection device 4 in addition to the natural exchange due to the temperature difference described above.

[Invention of claim 4 of the present application]
The invention of claim 4 of the present application is a hydroponics method using the cultivation bed of claim 2 (the bed body 1 having the first nutrient solution channel 11A and the second nutrient solution channel 11B installed in parallel). Then, the first nutrient solution channel 11A side and the second nutrient solution channel 11B side are cultivated alternately while partially overlapping the cultivation season.

  Even in the hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 4, while the adjusted air A in the space S adjusted in temperature with the temperature of the nutrient solution W during crop cultivation is continuously released from the vent 22 provided in the lid plate 2. By performing, the temperature of the air in the vicinity of the cultivated crops (5a, 5) planted in the cultivation bed B can be brought close to the adjusted air A by the discharge temperature from the space S.

  Further, in the hydroponic cultivation method of claim 4, hydroponic cultivation of the cultivated crop is started on either the first or second nutrient water channel (for example, 11A), and the cultivated crop strain 5 is shown in FIG. As illustrated in 5, when the final harvest stage is approached (the final fruit bunch 54 still remains), a new seedling 5a is planted on the other nourishing water channel (for example, 11B) that has been fallowed, Since the cultivation period of the old and new cultivation crops (5, 5a) is alternately grown in the single cultivation bed B while partially overlapping, the harvesting time of the next crop in a single place can be accelerated. .

[Effect of the invention of claim 1 of the present application]
The cultivation bed B of the invention of claim 1 of the present application adjusts (cools or warms) the air temperature of the space S between the bed body 1 and the cover plate 2 with the nutrient solution W flowing through the nutrient solution channel 11 as described above. On the other hand, the air A having the temperature-adjusted space S has a function capable of being released to the vicinity of the cultivated crops (5a, 5) through the vent hole 22 provided in the cover plate 2.

  Therefore, when the cultivation bed B of this claim 1 is used, the nutrient solution water that is usually only set to a water temperature (about 20 ° C.) suitable for activating the root 5 as the nutrient solution W is used. It is possible to provide an effective function for growing crops by bringing the vicinity of the grown crops closer to a temperature atmosphere suitable for growing crops.

  In addition, since the adjusted air A in the space S that has been temperature-adjusted with the temperature of the nutrient solution water (which is cooler than the house temperature in summer and warmer than the house temperature in winter) is discharged into the house through the vent 22. There is an effect (energy saving effect) that the nutrient water temperature can be effectively used for temperature adjustment in the house.

  Furthermore, in the cultivation bed B according to claim 1, in order to achieve the above-described effects, it is only necessary to form the vent hole 22 separately from the planting hole 21 in the lid plate 2, so that the configuration is simple and inexpensive. There is also an effect that it can be implemented.

[Effect of the invention of claim 2 of the present application]
The invention of claim 2 of the present application is the cultivation bed B of claim 1, in which the first nutrient solution channel 11 </ b> A and the second nutrient solution channel 11 </ b> B are installed in parallel in the bed body 1 as the nutrient solution channel 11, The upper openings of the first nutrient solution channel 11A and the second nutrient solution channel 11B are individually covered with the cover plates 2 and 2, respectively.

  Therefore, in the cultivation bed B of this Claim 2, even if it is the single bed main body 1, it alternates, making the 1st nutrient solution channel 11A and the 2nd nutrient solution channel 11B partially overlap cultivation periods. Since it can be cultivated, in addition to the effect of claim 1 above, the next harvest time at a single place can be made earlier, so that the harvestable period per cultivation period can be lengthened, and thus the yield per unit area There is an effect that can be increased.

[Effect of the invention of claim 3 of the present application]
Invention of Claim 3 of this application is the hydroponics method using the cultivation bed of the said Claim 1 or 2, Comprising: It is outside a cultivation bed by the air injection apparatus 4 in the space part S between the bed main body 1 and the cover plate 2. FIG. It was cultivated while injecting air.

  In this hydroponic cultivation method of claim 3, hydroponic cultivation is performed using the cultivation bed B of claim 1 or 2, so that it has a function effective for growing crops at a nutrient water temperature as described in claim 1. It has the effect that it can be given.

  And in this hydroponics method of Claim 3, since replacement | exchange of the air of the space part S between the cover plate 2 and the bed main body 1 is forcibly performed with the air injection apparatus 4, it is the said like the daytime of summer, for example Even when the air in the space S is cooler than the air in the house (the air in the space S is not naturally released into the house), the air can be reliably exchanged between the space S and the house. There is an effect.

[Effect of the invention of claim 4 of the present application]
The invention of claim 4 of the present application is a hydroponics method using the cultivation bed of claim 2, wherein the cultivation time is the same between the first nutrient solution channel 11 </ b> A side and the second nutrient solution channel 11 </ b> B side. It is characterized by alternately cultivating with overlapping parts.

  In the hydroponic cultivation method of claim 4, hydroponic cultivation is performed using the cultivation bed B of claim 2 (including claim 1), so that the crop is cultivated at the nutrient water temperature as described in claim 1. Has an effect that an effective function can be imparted.

  In the hydroponic cultivation method of claim 4, the first nutrient solution channel 11A side and the second nutrient solution channel 11B side are alternately cultivated while partially overlapping the cultivation time. Therefore, it is possible to increase the harvestable period per cultivation period by increasing the harvest time of the next crop in a single place (cultivation bed B), and to increase the yield per unit area. is there.

It is a perspective view of the cultivation bed used in the Example of this application. It is a top view in the usage example which connected the cultivation bed of FIG. 1 to 1 row. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to III-III in the usage example of FIG. 2. It is a cultivation change figure from the crop cultivation state of FIG. It is a cultivation change figure from the crop cultivation state of FIG. It is a cultivation change figure from the crop cultivation state of FIG. It is a fragmentary perspective view of the conventional cultivation bed. FIG. 8 is a use example of the cultivation bed of FIG. 7 and is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the VIII-VIII section of FIG. 7. It is a cultivation change figure from the crop cultivation state of FIG.

  Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 1-6, when the cultivation bed of this-application Example and the hydroponics method using this cultivation bed are demonstrated, the single unit of the cultivation bed B used in this-application Example is shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows an example of use in a state where the cultivation beds B of FIG. 1 are connected in a row, and FIGS. 3 to 6 show changes in cultivation progress of the hydroponics method using the cultivation beds B, respectively. .

  A cultivation bed B shown in FIG. 1 (and FIGS. 2 to 6) includes a bed main body 1 having a nutrient solution channel 11 through which the nutrient solution W flows, and a cover plate 2 that covers the upper opening of the nutrient solution channel 11 so as to be freely opened and closed. It is equipped with. In this embodiment, the bed main body 1 and the cover plate 2 are formed by molding with foamed polystyrene, but the molding materials for the bed main body 1 and the cover plate 2 are not particularly limited.

  In the cultivation bed B of this example, a single bed body 1 having a first nutrient solution channel 11A and a second nutrient solution channel 11B installed in parallel is adopted as the nutrient solution channel 11. The cover plate 2 uses two sheets that individually cover the first and second nutrient solution channels 11A and 11B, respectively. As in this embodiment, the first and second nutrient solution channels 11A and 11B are arranged in parallel on the single bed body 1, and the first and second nutrient solution channels 11A and 11B are separated. What is covered with each of the cover plates 2 and 2 corresponds to claim 2 of the present application. In claim 1 of the present application, a single bed body 1 is provided with a row of nutrient solution channels 11 and the cover plate. 2 may be only one (in this case, the shape may be half the width in FIG. 1).

  The first and second nutrient solution channels 11 </ b> A and 11 </ b> B are formed by dividing the width center portion of the bed body 1 into two on the left and right sides with the partition wall 12. Each of the first and second nutrient solution channels 11A and 11B is provided with a small protrusion 13 at the center of each width. The small protrusions 13 are for preventing the nutrient solution W flowing through the nutrient solution channels 11A and 11B from meandering left and right (in the width direction), and are useful only in the initial stage of seedling planting (the number of roots is small). Is. In each of the nutrient water channels 11A and 11B with the small ridges 13, the nutrient solution W is supplied to the ½ width portion outside the small ridges 13 for about 10 days after seedling planting. In other embodiments, the small protrusion 13 may be omitted.

  Although the magnitude | size of the cultivation bed B shown in FIG. 1 is not specifically limited, The width | variety of the whole bed main body 1 can be used about 50-70 cm and about 1-2 m in length. In addition, the width of each of the left and right (first and second) nutrient solution channels 11A and 11B is about 20 to 30 cm, respectively.

  Each of the cover plates 2 and 2 has a width (about 25 to 35 cm) that can cover the upper openings of the nutrient solution channels 11A and 11B, and has the same length as the entire length of the bed body 1.

  A plurality of planting holes 21, 21,... Are arranged in a row at predetermined intervals (for example, 15 to 25 cm intervals) in the length direction of the cover plate at portions corresponding to the nutrient solution channels 11 A, 11 B in the cover plates 2, 2. Is formed. Each of the planting holes 21, 21,... Is for inserting the stem 52 portion of the cultivated crop (5a, 5), and has a relatively small diameter of about 2 to 4 cm. In addition, as for the growing crop, the state of the seedlings shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 is indicated by reference numeral 5a, and the state of the grown stock (hereinafter simply referred to as a stock) shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 is indicated by reference numeral 5.

  A plurality of vent holes 22, 22... For communicating the inside and outside of the nutrient solution channels 11 A, 11 B are formed in the vicinity of the planting holes 21, 21. In this embodiment, each of the vent holes 22, 22,... Is formed in an elongated rectangular shape that is long in the cover plate length direction. The air in the space S (see FIGS. 3 to 6) formed between the bed main body 1 and the cover plate 2 freely flows out of the cover plate 2 from the vents 22, 22. To get.

  For hydroponics using the cultivation bed B of FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 2, an appropriate number of cultivation beds B, B are connected in a row in the house H and a small angle (for example, an angle of 0.1). In a state of being inclined by about 5 ° to 1 °, the sealing sheet 14 (on the inner surface of the nourishing water channel (first 1st nourishing water channel 11A) to be planted with the growing crop (seed 5a) in each bed body 1, 1 3) and the top of the first nutrient solution channel 11A is covered with one cover plate 2. In addition, in the state of FIG. 2, although the cover plates 2 and 2 are each coat | covered on each left and right nutrient solution water channel 11A, 11B, respectively, as demonstrated by the below-mentioned cultivation method (1st and 2nd). The nourishing solution channels 11A and 11B are covered with the cover plate 2 with a time difference while observing the growing condition of the crop.

  On the other hand, in the hydroponic cultivation method of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the nutrient solution supply devices 3 and 3 for individually feeding the nutrient solution to the nutrient solution channels 11 </ b> A and 11 </ b> B on the left and right sides are used. ing. Each of the nutrient solution supply devices 3 and 3 supplies the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank 31 storing the nutrient solution to the start end of the nutrient solution channel (11A or 11B) through the supply pipe 34 by the supply pump 33. The nutrient solution can be refluxed through the drainage pipe 35 from the end of the liquid water channel (11A, 11B).

  The nutrient solution stored in the nutrient solution tank 31 is adjusted to a water temperature suitable for activating the roots 51 of the cultivated crops throughout the year (for example, a uniform water temperature of about 20 ° C.). As described above, the cooler 32A is used at high temperatures (summer season), and the warmer 32B is used at low temperatures (winter season). When the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tank 31 is reduced, a nutrient solution having a predetermined concentration of water from the water supply pipe 36 (opening the valve 37) and the stock solution in the stock solution tank 38 (supplied by the pump 39) is used. refill.

  Furthermore, in the hydroponic cultivation method of this embodiment, the air for forcibly replacing the air in the space S (see FIGS. 3 to 6) between the bed body 1 and the cover plate 2 as will be described later. An injection device 4 is used.

  The air injection device 4 is configured such that an air tube 42 is disposed over almost the entire length of the nutrient solution channels 11A and 11B on each side while air can be blown into the air tube 42 from an air pump 41. ing. The air tube 42 is formed with a large number of small holes for air blowing (not shown) at predetermined intervals in the length direction. The air tube 42 may be locked at a plurality of locations on the upper side wall of the bed body 1 with hooks at predetermined intervals.

  When the air pump 41 is operated, the air injecting device 4 is blown into the air tube 42, and then the air is dispersed from a large number of small holes in the air tube 42. It functions to blow out to a wide area.

  Next, the hydroponic cultivation method performed using the cultivation bed B of FIG. 1 will be described. In the hydroponic cultivation method of this embodiment, a plurality of cultivation beds B are connected in a row as shown in FIG. In addition, the nutrient solution supply channels 3 and 3 and the air injection devices 4 and 4 are installed in the nutrient solution channels 11A and 11B on the respective sides. The nutrient solution stored in the nutrient solution tank 31 is maintained at a substantially constant water temperature (for example, about 20 ° C.) throughout the year by the cooler 32A or the heater 32B regardless of the season (cold temperature).

  The initial seedling 5a is planted only in the first (right side) nutrient solution channel 11A as shown in FIG. And when the nutrient solution W is continuously flowed through the first nutrient solution channel 11A in which the seedlings 5a are planted, the air in the space S between the bed body 1 and the cover plate 2 flows through the first nutrient solution channel 11A. Heat exchange with the nutrient solution temperature (for example, about 20 ° C.) adjusts the air temperature in the space S close to the nutrient solution temperature. Since the nutrient solution W (about 0 ° C.) is supplied, the air in the space S is sequentially and continuously exchanged with a new nutrient solution water temperature. In the following description, the air in the space portion S whose temperature has been adjusted by exchanging heat with the nutrient solution temperature as described above is referred to as adjusted air A.

  And when the crop growing season is a low temperature season (for example, winter), the air in the house H becomes low temperature. At that time, the adjusted air A in the space S is higher than the air in the house (low temperature). Because the specific gravity is light, the adjustment air A in the space S naturally flows upward due to the difference in specific gravity and passes through the vents 22, 22. It flows out to the vicinity of each seedling 5a planted in the planting hole 21.

  By the way, although the inside of a house may become abnormally low temperature (for example, about 0 ° C. to 5 ° C.) in winter, in this case, growth of the cultivated crop may be remarkably slowed or seriously damaged. However, in the hydroponic cultivation method of the present embodiment, as described above, the adjusted air A in the space S heated by the nutrient solution W flowing through the nutrient solution channel 11A naturally passes through each vent 22. Since the warm adjusted air A flows upward and flows out in the vicinity of the crop (seedling 5a) planted in the planting hole 21, the air in the vicinity of the crop 5a is continuously heated.

  Therefore, even when the temperature of the house is abnormally low in winter, it is possible to bring the vicinity of the crop closer to a temperature environment suitable for growing the crop using the nutrient solution W (water temperature is, for example, about 20 ° C.) flowing through the nutrient channel. In addition, temperature adjustment (warming) in the house can be performed by the above-described adjusted air A (heated air in this case) flowing out in the vicinity of the crop.

  On the other hand, even in the summer, when the temperature of the house becomes abnormally high (for example, it may exceed 35 ° C.), the air in the space S exchanges heat with the temperature of the nutrient solution W flowing through the nutrient solution channel, for example, 20 The adjusted air A is maintained at about 0 ° C., but when the air temperature in the space S is low (specific gravity is heavy) and the air temperature in the house is high (low specific gravity), the space The adjusted air A in S hardly flows out naturally into the house.

  Therefore, in the hydroponic cultivation method of the present embodiment, when the adjusted air A in the space S is lower than the air temperature in the house, the air injecting device 4 (air pump 41) is operated to operate the inside of the house. Air is blown into the space S from a large number of small holes (not shown) of the air tube 42, and the adjusted air A (lower temperature than the air in the house) in the space S is released to the vicinity of the crop through the vents 22. I try to let them. The air (high-temperature air) injected into the space S is cooled by exchanging heat with the water temperature of the nutrient solution W flowing through the nutrient solution channel (becomes the adjusted air A).

  Thus, when hydroponics is performed while operating the air injecting device 4, the air in the space S can be forcibly replaced, so even if the temperature of the house is high, the nutrient solution water temperature Can be used to bring the vicinity of the crop closer to a temperature environment suitable for growing the crop, and the temperature inside the house can be adjusted (cooled) by the above-described adjusted air A (cooling air in this case) flowing out to the vicinity of the crop. .

  The air injection into the space S by the air injection device 4 is performed when the air temperature in the house is higher than the air temperature in the space S as in summer (the adjusted air A in the space S is upward). This is effective when the air does not flow out naturally. However, the air injection into the space S by the air injection device 4 is performed when the air temperature in the house is lower than the air temperature in the space S as in winter (the space portion). (When the adjusted air A in S naturally flows upward), the air in the space S can be quickly replaced.

  Thus, according to the hydroponic cultivation method of the embodiment of the present application, the adjusted air A in the space S is sequentially released from the vent 22 as described above, thereby planting the cultivation bed B. The air temperature in the vicinity of the cultivated crops (5a, 5) functions so as to gradually approach the discharge air temperature (adjusted air A), and the house is at an extremely low temperature in winter or an abnormally high temperature in summer. Even in this case, the vicinity of the crop can be brought close to a temperature environment suitable for crop cultivation.

  Since the hydroponic cultivation method of this embodiment is performed in low-stage cultivation, the seedling 5a grows from the planting state of the seedling 5a shown in FIG. When the tuft 54 is formed, the growth core (tip portion) of the stem 52 is excised (reference numeral C1). Moreover, when the leaf 53 in the lower part of the stem 52 is excised (reference numeral C2) when the strain 5 has grown to some extent (for example, in the state shown in FIG. 4), as shown in FIG. The seedlings 5a planted in the second nutrient solution channel 11B) are better ventilated and are less likely to block sunlight.

  Then, the fruit buns 54 in each stage are successively harvested from the lower stage side, and in the hydroponic cultivation method of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. In the state where the fruit bunch 54 still remains), the other (fallow side) nutrient solution channel (second nutrient solution channel 11B) is prepared for hydroponics (sealed sheet on the second nutrient solution channel 11B) 14 is spread, the nutrient solution W is poured, and the cover plate 2 is covered), and a new seedling 5a is planted there, and the cultivation time of the old and new cultivated crops (5, 5a) is partially exceeded in the single cultivation bed B Cultivate while wrapping.

  In addition, if the new seedling 5a to be planted is planned and grown so as to be close to the final stage of harvesting by measuring the growth degree of the stock 5 that has been cultivated earlier, the new seedling 5a and the existing seedling 5a can be used without any time loss. Can be overlapped at a desired time.

  As shown in FIG. 5, since the nutrient solution W is flowing in each of the nutrient solution channels 11A and 11B even in the state where the nutrient solution channels 11A and 11B on the left and right (first and second) are simultaneously cultivated, each side The air in the spaces S and S becomes the above-mentioned adjusted air A, and the adjusted air A flows out from the vents 22 and 22 to the vicinity of the respective cultivated crops (strain 5 and seedling 5a). Therefore, it is possible to provide a temperature environment suitable for growing both crops (strain 5 and seedling 5a).

  And as shown in FIG. 5, when a crop (5, 5a) is grown simultaneously in both the first nutrient solution channel 11A and the second nutrient solution channel 11B, the number of days in which the cultivation periods overlap is determined as a seedling. It can be used effectively for the growth of 5a, and the harvest time of the next crop (new seedling 5a) can be advanced.

  In FIG. 5, when all the fruits of the existing strain 5 have been harvested, the old strain 5 is extracted and discarded. In that case, while cutting the base part of each old stock 5, the cover plate 2 can be removed, and the roots remaining in the first nutrient solution channel 11A are removed together with the sealing sheet 14.

  Then, after discarding the old strain, the seedling 5a is cultivated with the cultivation place opposite to that shown in FIG. 4, while the first nourishing water channel 11A in which the old strain is discarded as shown in FIG. Clean for preparation. In the meantime, the crop planted in the second nutrient solution channel 11B grows, and when the stock 5 has a predetermined number of stages (3 to 4 stages) of fruit bunches 54, the same as in FIG. Next, the growth core (tip portion) of the stem 52 is excised (reference numeral C1).

  The cultivation bed B of the present embodiment and the hydroponics method using the same have the following functions.

  First, since the cultivation bed B shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 is provided with a vent 22 in the lid plate 2 in addition to the planting hole 21, the hydroponics method using the cultivation bed B is cultivated during cultivation. The air (conditioned air A) in the space S adjusted to a temperature suitable for growing the crop with the water temperature of the liquid W can be continuously discharged to the vicinity of the crop through the vents 22. Even if the house is in an abnormally cold state in winter or abnormally high temperature in summer, the vicinity of the crops (seedlings 5a and 5) planted on the cultivation bed B can be brought close to a temperature environment suitable for growing the crops. it can. Therefore, even if the house is in a severe temperature environment for the crop, it is possible to provide a temperature environment suitable for growing the crop in the vicinity of the crop by using the water temperature of the nutrient solution W (without using a special temperature adjusting device). .

  In addition, in order to achieve the above effect (providing a temperature environment suitable for growing crops in the vicinity of the crop), it is only necessary to form the vent hole 22 in the lid plate 2 separately from the planting hole 21, so that the configuration is Simple and inexpensive to implement.

  Moreover, in the hydroponic cultivation method which replaced the air in the said space part S using the said air injection apparatus 4, the air (regulated air A) in this space part S is low temperature (specific gravity is lower than the air in a house). Even if it is heavy and does not flow naturally upward, the air in the space S can be forced to flow upward by the air injecting device 4, so adjustment is made in the space S regardless of the house temperature. The exchanged air can be reliably replaced.

  Moreover, in the hydroponic cultivation method of this embodiment, the crops are alternately and sequentially overlapped with each other in the first nutrient solution channel 11A and the second nutrient solution channel 11B in the single cultivation bed B. Since the next harvest time at a single place can be made earlier, the harvestable period per cultivation period can be lengthened (can be harvested alternately with a time difference), and eventually harvest per unit area You can increase the amount.

  1 is a bed body, 2 is a cover plate, 3 is a nutrient solution supply device, 4 is an air injecting device, 5 is a crop stock, 5a is a crop seedling, 11 is a nutrient solution channel, 11A is a first nutrient solution channel, 11B is the second nutrient solution channel, 21 is the planting hole, 22 is the vent, 51 is the root, 52 is the stem, 53 is the leaf, 54 is the fruit bunch (fruit), A is the conditioned air, B is the cultivation bed, W Is a nutrient solution.

Claims (4)

Hydroponic cultivation comprising a bed body (1) having a nutrient solution channel (11) through which nutrient solution (W) flows and a lid plate (2) covering the upper opening of the nutrient solution channel (11) so as to be freely opened and closed. A cultivation bed for
While the lid plate (2) is provided with a plurality of cropping holes (21, 21,...) With a predetermined interval in the length direction of the nutrient water channel (11),
Ventilation holes (22, 22...) For communicating the inside and outside of the nutrient water channel (11) are provided in the vicinity of the planting holes (21, 21...) In the lid plate (2).
A cultivation bed for hydroponics characterized by that. In claim 1 above,
The bed body (1) uses a first nutrient solution channel (11A) and a second nutrient solution channel (11B) installed in parallel as the nutrient solution channel (11),
Each upper opening of the first nutrient solution channel (11A) and the second nutrient solution channel (11B) is individually covered with the lid plate (2, 2),
A cultivation bed for hydroponics characterized by that. A hydroponics method using the cultivation bed according to claim 1 or 2,
Cultivation was performed while injecting air outside the cultivation bed into the space (S) between the bed main body (1) and the lid plate (2) by the air injection device (4).
The hydroponics method using the said cultivation bed characterized by the above-mentioned. A hydroponics method using the cultivation bed according to claim 2,
On the first nutrient solution channel (11A) side and the second nutrient solution channel (11B) side, the cultivation period was alternately grown while partially overlapping.
The hydroponics method using the said cultivation bed characterized by the above-mentioned.

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