JP2016120802A - Substantially egg-shaped upper part body of automobile car body formed with transparent thermoplastic resin composition - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an upper part body of an automobile car body which has a light weight, is simply manufactured, enables a driver to exactly visualize and grasp surrounding circumstances and enables an occupant to view surrounding circumstances and scene wholly without distortion.SOLUTION: An upper part body of an automobile car body are most characterized in that (1) a tangent to an upper curve surface is formed such that an angle between the tangent and a horizontal surface comes to 85 to 125° on terminal parts of the front end part summit side and the rear end part summit side, (2) an average value of perspective strain amount viewed from a gravity center of the upper part body is 1.0 min or less and (3) a difference in perspective strain amount between a part and a part adjacent leaving 5 cm from the part is 1.5 min or less on a part upper than a surface parallel to the ground surface containing the gravity center.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an approximately egg-shaped upper body of an automobile body formed of a transparent thermoplastic resin composition, and is particularly lightweight and manufactured suitable for an automobile body of ultra-compact mobility such as an ultra-compact electric vehicle. It is an upper body of an automobile body that is easy to drive, allows the driver to accurately see and grasp the surrounding situation, and allows the passenger to see the surrounding scenery completely without distortion, and has the required rigidity. .

  In recent years, so-called ultra-small mobility such as micro-electric vehicles has been developed and spread.

This is because energy saving and CO ₂ reduction are required, and in a situation where aging, depopulation, and abolition of local public transportation are advancing, it can be driven with small power and is easy to drive for the elderly. This is because ultra-compact mobility that can be offered at a price is expected as a new means of transportation. For example, as such ultra-compact mobility, “COMS”, a single-seater ultra-compact electric vehicle, is sold by Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd.

  The present invention is particularly suitable for ultra-compact mobility such as ultra-compact electric vehicles, is lightweight, easy to manufacture, and allows passengers to see the surrounding situation and scenery completely without distortion. An upper body of a car body having rigidity is provided.

  For the purpose of reducing the weight of the vehicle body, forming the vehicle body from a synthetic resin has been conventionally performed as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2.

  In Patent Document 1, an upper body half part integrally formed of a fiber-reinforced synthetic resin material such as FRP is used as a body of a small vehicle for one or two passengers. Are integrally joined with each other.

  Patent Document 2 discloses an upper body of a vehicle body assembled by bonding members such as an upper body inner, an upper body outer, a hood, a front bumper, a rear bumper, and a roof made of synthetic resin. .

  However, the upper vehicle body half of Patent Document 1 is formed of a fiber reinforced synthetic resin material such as FRP, and is not transparent so that the occupant can fully see the surrounding situation and scenery without distortion. Absent. Further, the upper body of Patent Document 2 assembles a plurality of members, is not easy to manufacture, and is not transparent so that the occupant can fully see the surrounding situation and scenery without distortion.

  Furthermore, it is disclosed in Patent Documents 3 to 4 that the upper body of an ultra-small automobile has a substantially egg-shaped upper half shape.

  Patent Document 3 discloses an upper body having a substantially egg-shaped upper half shape, in which an upper body having an approximately egg-shaped upper half shape is formed by an aluminum body frame, an openable hood, or the like. ing.

  Patent Document 4 discloses that the canopy (upper cover) disposed on the upper part of the micro-mobility body has a substantially egg-shaped upper half shape, a closed parking position, It is disclosed that it is movable to a travel position that is more open than the position, and an entry / exit position that is further open than the travel position, and is made of a transparent resin such as polycarbonate.

  However, the upper body of Patent Document 3 has a body frame made of aluminum, is lightweight, is not easy to manufacture, and does not allow the occupant to fully see the surrounding situation and scenery.

  Further, the canopy disclosed in Patent Document 4 is an automobile that can be pivoted to a parking position 30a, a traveling position 30b, and an entry / exit position 30c around a pivot axis P as indicated by reference numeral 30 in FIG. It is an upper cover. In a car equipped with this canopy, the driver cannot fully see the lower part of the car body and cannot directly see the position, turning angle, obstacles, etc. of the tire, so there are especially elderly people who often use small mobility. It is difficult to drive safely. Furthermore, in order for a passenger to enjoy driving comfortably without feeling obstructed, it is necessary to make the surrounding scenery visible without distortion through an upper cover such as a canopy. No consideration has been given to the relationship between the curvature of the cover and the perspective distortion.

JP-A-61-166776 JP 59-040980 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-156314 JP 2014-113907 A

  The main problem of the present invention is an automobile body that is lightweight, easy to manufacture, allows the driver to accurately see and grasp the surrounding situation, and allows the rider to see the surrounding situation and scenery completely without distortion. Is to provide an upper body.

In order to solve the above problems, the inventors arrived at the present invention as a result of intensive studies. The gist of the present invention is shown below.
(1) An upper body of an automobile body formed by bonding and / or fastening an upper body, a lower body, etc.
The upper body is formed of a transparent thermoplastic resin composition,
The upper body has a narrowed tip of the egg at the front side of the vehicle body, a thickly swollen rear end of the egg at the rear side of the vehicle, and a straight line connecting the apex of the egg and the apex of the rear end is substantially the ground. It is parallel and has a shape of an approximately egg-shaped upper half, such as the lower part of about 1/3 to 1/2 cut off from the ground side,
The upper curved surface of the upper body, in a cross section perpendicular to the ground including the two vertices, from the upper vertex where the tangent to the upper curved surface is horizontal, toward the tip vertex and the rear vertex, The angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane increases continuously, and the angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane is 85 to 125 ° at the end portions on the apex side and the rear end apex side. It is formed so that
The upper body has an average value of the amount of perspective distortion as viewed from the center of gravity of the upper body of 1.0 minute or less, and there is a difference in the amount of perspective distortion between a certain part and a part adjacent to the part by 5 cm. , 1.5 minutes or less in the part above the plane parallel to the ground including the center of gravity,
An upper body of an automobile body characterized by that.
(2) An upper body of an automobile body formed by bonding and / or fastening an upper body, a lower body, etc.
The upper body is formed of a transparent thermoplastic resin composition,
The upper body has a narrowed tip of the egg at the front side of the vehicle body, a thickly swollen rear end of the egg at the rear side of the vehicle, and a straight line connecting the apex of the egg and the apex of the rear end is substantially the ground. It is parallel and has a shape of an approximately egg-shaped upper half, such as the lower part of about 1/3 to 1/2 cut off from the ground side,
The upper curved surface of the upper body, in a cross section perpendicular to the ground including the two vertices, from the upper vertex where the tangent to the upper curved surface is horizontal, toward the tip vertex and the rear vertex, The angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane increases continuously, and the angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane is 85 to 125 ° at the end portions on the apex side and the rear end apex side. It is formed so that
The upper body is provided with two ridge lines that are symmetrical with respect to the shortest curve connecting the tip apex, the upper apex, and the rear end apex, and are substantially parallel to the shortest curve. ,
In the portion excluding the portion within 5 cm from the two ridges of the upper body, the average value of the amount of perspective distortion as viewed from the center of gravity of the upper body is 1.0 minute or less. And the difference in the amount of perspective distortion between adjacent parts separated by 5 cm is 1.5 minutes or less in the part above the plane parallel to the ground including the center of gravity.
An upper body of an automobile body characterized by that.
(3) The upper body of an automobile body according to (2), wherein a portion within 5 cm from the two ridge lines is provided on a side surface of the upper body.
(4) The upper body of an automobile body according to any one of (1) to (3), which has an opening for boarding on a side surface.
(5) The thickness (mm) A in the normal direction of the upper body and the curvature [1 / curvature radius (mm)] B satisfy the following formula (I) (however, when having a ridge line portion, The upper body of the automobile body according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein a portion within 5 cm from the ridge line portion is excluded).
A × B ² ≦ 1.07 × 10 ⁻³ (I)
(6) The curvatures at the apex of the front end and the apex of the rear end are in the range of 6.7 × 10 ^{−4 to} 1.1 × 10 ⁻³ , respectively (1) to (5) An upper body of an automobile body according to any one of the above.
(7) The transparent thermoplastic resin composition is a polycarbonate resin composition, an acrylic resin composition, a cyclic polyolefin resin composition, or a polyphenylene ether resin composition, wherein (1) to (6) An upper body of an automobile body according to any one of the above.
(8) The transparent thermoplastic resin composition is selected from the group consisting of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane, and isosorbide. The upper body of an automobile body according to (7), which is a polycarbonate resin composition having at least one repeating unit.
(9) The automobile body according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the transparent thermoplastic resin composition contains an ultraviolet absorber, an infrared shielding material and / or an infrared absorber. Upper body.
(10) The upper body of an automobile body according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein a hard coat layer is laminated on the upper body.
(11) The upper body of an automobile body according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein a colored layer is laminated on the upper body.

  First, since the upper body of the automobile body of the present invention is formed of a thermoplastic resin composition, it is lighter than that using a fiber or a fiber-reinforced synthetic resin material such as FRP, and Easy to manufacture.

  The light weight of the upper body is a great advantage particularly in ultra-small mobility such as micro-electric vehicles driven by small power. Moreover, the fact that the upper body can be manufactured easily means that an automobile using the upper body can be provided at a low price, which is a great merit for the spread of ultra-compact mobility.

Secondly, the upper body of the automobile body of the present invention is
1) The narrowed tip of the egg is the front side of the car body, the rear end of the egg that is swollen thick is the rear side of the car body, and the straight line connecting the apex of the egg and the apex of the rear end is substantially parallel to the ground. It has the shape of a substantially upper half of an egg shape, as if approximately 1/3 to 1/2 of the lower part was cut off from the ground side.
2) The upper curved surface of the upper body has a tip vertex and a rear edge vertex from the upper vertex where the tangent to the upper curved surface is horizontal in a cross section perpendicular to the ground including the two tip vertices and the rear edge vertices. The angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane continuously increases, and the angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane at the terminal end on the apex side and the rear end apex side is 85 to 125. It is formed to be °,
3) The upper body of the automobile body of the present invention has a substantially egg-shaped upper half shape and does not have corners where stress concentrates. In addition, the angle formed by the tangent line of the terminal portion on the apex side of the rear end portion and the horizontal plane is 85 to 125 °, and can be firmly bonded and / or fastened to the lower body, so that it has high rigidity. Can be made.

  Since ultra-compact mobility such as ultra-compact electric vehicles usually run at a relatively low speed, the strength and rigidity required for the upper body is not so high as compared to ordinary vehicles, but the automobile body of the present invention When the upper body is shaped as described above, the strength and rigidity required for the upper body of a micro mobility vehicle body such as a micro electric vehicle can be sufficiently provided.

  Third, the upper body of the automobile body of the present invention is formed of a transparent thermoplastic resin composition, and the average value of the amount of perspective distortion as viewed from the center of gravity of the upper body is 1.0 minute or less. The difference in the amount of perspective distortion between a certain part and the part adjacent to that part by 5 cm is 1.5 minutes or less in the part above the plane parallel to the ground including the center of gravity.・ The entire landscape can be seen without distortion.

  Since the driver can visually recognize and grasp the situation around the car accurately, even an elderly person can drive safely. For example, even if an infant, a small animal, or the like is present in the vicinity of the lower part of the automobile, it can be directly recognized, so that an accident can be prevented. In addition, since the position and cutting angle of the tire can be directly visually confirmed, it is possible to prevent troubles such as wheel stripping and climbing. In addition, since the visibility of the front and rear of the automobile is improved, accidents such as collisions can be prevented in advance.

  In addition, ultra-small mobility such as ultra-small electric vehicles is generally narrow, so passengers generally feel a sense of blockage, but the upper body of the car body of the present invention can see the surrounding scenery completely without distortion. The passenger can enjoy driving comfortably while looking at the surrounding scenery without feeling obstructed.

  Furthermore, the upper body of the present invention also has the fun that children can paint freely as a transparent campus. In addition, it can be used as a full-screen display device for pasting light control films and digital signage to the extent that the effects of the present invention can be exhibited, and as a future model car that makes driving more fun than ever. Has many possibilities.

The side view of the vehicle which is an example of this invention. AA sectional drawing in FIG. (Cross section at the front axle center) BB sectional drawing in FIG. (Cross section at the rear axle center) XX sectional drawing in FIG. (Cross section at the center of the car) The perspective view which isolate | separates and shows the vehicle body shown in FIG. 1 in a roof, a front upper body, a rear upper body, a lower body, a floor, a front sub-frame, a rear sub-frame, and a frame member. The perspective view which shows the example which used the frame member as an attachment member of a seatbelt. The perspective view which shows the example which used the frame member as an attachment member of a fall prevention member. The perspective view which shows the example which used the frame member as an attachment member of a rain-proof door. The perspective view which shows an example of the vehicle of this invention. EE sectional drawing of FIG. The side view of the upper body manufactured in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The side view of the upper body manufactured in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3. The side view of the upper body manufactured in Example 4. FIG. The side view of the upper body manufactured by Example 5, Example 7, the comparative example 4, and the comparative example 6. FIG. The side view of the upper body manufactured in Example 6. FIG. The side view of the upper body manufactured in Example 8 and Comparative Example 5. The front view of the upper body manufactured in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The front view of the upper body manufactured by Example 3 and Comparative Example 3. FIG. FIG. 6 is a front view of an upper body manufactured in Example 4. The front view of the upper body manufactured by Example 5, Example 7, the comparative example 4, and the comparative example 6. FIG. The front view of the upper body manufactured in Example 6. FIG. The front view of the upper body manufactured in Example 8 and Comparative Example 5. FIG. The graph which shows the amount of perspective distortion (minutes) in the shortest curve part which connects the termination | terminus part by the side of the front-end | tip part of the upper body manufactured in Examples 1-3, the upper vertex, and the termination | terminus part by the rear-end part vertex side. The graph which shows the amount of perspective distortion (minutes) in the shortest curve part which connects the terminal part by the side of the front-end | tip part top part, an upper vertex, and the rear-end part vertex side of the upper body manufactured in Comparative Examples 1-3. The graph which shows the amount of perspective distortion (minutes) in the shortest curve part which connects the termination | terminus part by the side of the front-end | tip part of the upper body manufactured in Example 4, and the termination | terminus part by the side of an upper vertex and a rear-end part. The graph which shows the amount of perspective distortion (minutes) in the shortest curve part which connects the terminal part of the top part top side of the upper body manufactured in Examples 5 and 7-8, and the terminal part on the top vertex and the rear end part vertex side. . The graph which shows the amount of perspective distortion (minute) in the shortest curve part which connects the terminal part of the front-end | tip part vertex side, the upper part vertex, and the terminal part of the rear-end part vertex side of the upper body manufactured by Comparative Examples 4-6. The graph which shows the amount of perspective distortion (minutes) in the shortest curve part which ties the termination | terminus part by the side of a front-end | tip part, an upper vertex, and the rear end part vertex side of the upper body manufactured in Example 6. FIG. In the surface including the center of gravity of the upper body that is orthogonal to the shortest curved portion connecting the terminal end of the top body, the top vertex and the terminal end of the rear edge vertex of the upper body manufactured in Examples 1-4. The graph which shows the amount of perspective distortion (minutes) in the curve part extending from the upper vertex to right and left. In the surface including the center of gravity of the upper body orthogonal to the shortest curve portion connecting the terminal end of the upper end of the upper body manufactured in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the upper apex and the terminal end of the rear end apex, The graph which shows the amount of perspective distortion (minutes) in the curve part extending from the upper vertex to right and left. In the surface including the center of gravity of the upper body that is orthogonal to the shortest curve portion connecting the terminal end of the upper end of the upper body manufactured in Examples 5 to 8, the upper apex, and the terminal end of the rear end apex, The graph which shows the amount of perspective distortion (minutes) in the curve part extending from the upper vertex to right and left. In the surface including the center of gravity of the upper body that is orthogonal to the shortest curve portion connecting the terminal end of the upper end of the upper body manufactured in Comparative Examples 4 to 6, the upper apex, and the terminal end of the rear end apex, The graph which shows the amount of perspective distortion (minutes) in the curve part extending from the upper vertex to right and left. FIG. 1 of Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-113907).

  In the following, embodiments of the present invention will be described sequentially with specific examples shown in the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

  1 to 4 show an embodiment of an upper body of an automobile body according to the present invention, in which an integrally formed upper body 2 is bonded and / or fastened to the upper portion of the lower body 1. ing. 1 is a side view, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1 (cross-section at the front axle center), FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX (a cross-sectional view at the center of a vehicle body).

  FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the upper body of the automobile body according to the present invention. The upper body 2 is provided with a plurality of parts such as a front upper body 2-1, a rear upper body 2-2 and a roof 2-3. It is molded separately, and these parts are bonded and / or fastened to form the upper body 2, which is bonded and / or fastened to the lower body 1.

  The upper body 2 of the automobile body of the present invention is molded as an integrally molded product as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 in consideration of ease of molding of parts, adhesion of parts and / or ease of fastening, and the like. Also, as shown in FIG. 5, after molding a plurality of parts such as the front upper body 2-1, the rear upper body 2-2, the roof 2-3, etc., these are bonded and / or fastened. May be formed.

O About the shape of the upper body of the present invention As shown in FIG.
The tip of the egg that is narrowed is the front side of the car body, and the rear end of the egg that is swollen is the rear side of the car.
The straight line connecting the tip end vertex and the rear end vertex of the egg is made substantially parallel to the ground,
It has the shape of a substantially egg-shaped upper half, such as the lower part of approximately 1/3 to 1/2 cut off from the ground side.

  The upper curved surface of the upper body is a section perpendicular to the ground including the two vertices, from the upper vertex where the tangent to the upper curved surface is horizontal, toward the tip end vertex and the rear end vertex, The angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane increases continuously, and the angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane is 85 to 125 ° at the end portions on the apex side and the rear end apex side. It is formed to become.

  By setting it as such a shape, the intensity | strength and rigidity which are required for the upper body of the small vehicle body of this invention can be provided. That is, the upper body of the automobile body of the present invention has a substantially egg-shaped upper half shape, and since there is no corner with a radius of curvature of less than 5 mm where stress concentrates, it can have high strength, In addition, the angle formed by the tangents of the end portions on the front end apex side and the rear end apex side with the horizontal plane is 85 to 125 °, so that the driver can directly see the lower vicinity of the automobile. Also, it can be firmly bonded and / or fastened to the lower body. In addition, since there is no corner having a radius of curvature of less than 5 mm, wind noise during traveling can be reduced, and damage to a collision object such as a person can be reduced even during a collision.

  In the upper body of the present invention, the straight line connecting the tip end vertex and the rear end vertex is substantially parallel to the ground, but the straight line connecting the end portion on the tip end apex side and the end portion on the rear end apex side. As the inclination, it is usually possible to adopt a range from parallel to 20 ° in the forward direction. The vehicle height at the occupant position can be secured by inclining forward in design.

  Further, the upper body of the present invention has a substantially egg-shaped upper half shape in which approximately 1/3 to 1/2 of the lower portion is cut from the ground side. When the cut-out portion is in the range of 1/3 to 1/2, the balance between the upper body and the lower body is good, and the strength and rigidity of the upper body are sufficient, which is preferable.

O The material of the upper body of the present invention is a transparent thermoplastic resin composition that forms the upper body 2 and is used to improve visibility during operation, and was measured according to JIS K7105. A thermoplastic resin composition satisfying a 6 mm thickness haze of 5% or less, preferably 3% or less, and more preferably 2% or less can be suitably used.

  As described above, the upper body of the automobile body of the present invention may be molded as an integral molded product, or a plurality of parts such as a front upper body, a rear upper body, and a roof are molded and bonded together. It may be formed by fastening, but a woven fabric made of fiber reinforcing material such as glass fiber or carbon fiber is laminated to such an extent that the effect of the present invention cannot be exhibited, or a resin is applied to such a woven fabric. Molded products obtained by impregnation and shaping are not included.

  As a method of molding the upper body 2 from a transparent thermoplastic resin composition, a method of molding a three-dimensional structure by injection compression molding, a method of hot pressing an injection compression molded two-dimensional molding plate into a three-dimensional structure, There are a method of forming a three-dimensional structure by injection molding, a method of hot pressing an injection-molded two-dimensional molding plate into a three-dimensional structure, and a method of hot pressing a two-dimensional extruded sheet into a three-dimensional structure. Is preferably a method of forming a three-dimensional structure by injection molding, more preferably a method of hot pressing a two-dimensional injection-molded plate into a three-dimensional structure, and a three-dimensional structure by injection compression molding. The molding method is most preferred.

  As the transparent thermoplastic resin composition constituting the upper body 2, a polycarbonate resin composition, an acrylic resin composition, a cyclic polyolefin resin composition, a polyphenylene ether resin composition, and the like can be used. Is preferable because it is excellent in transparency, has high shock absorption and improves safety during a collision, and has excellent impact resistance and is not easily damaged in a light collision.

  Polycarbonate resin composition, acrylic resin composition, cyclic polyolefin resin composition, polyphenylene ether resin composition, etc. used as a transparent thermoplastic resin composition, as long as the characteristics of the upper body of the present invention are not impaired, A thermoplastic resin other than the main resin can be blended.

  Furthermore, known additives (infrared shielding materials, infrared absorbers, ultraviolet absorbers, dyes and pigments, heat ray absorbing compounds, various stabilizers, antioxidants, mold release agents, bluing agents, Decomposition improvers, flame retardants, anti-dripping agents, antistatic agents, etc.), various fillers, and the like.

  In particular, since the upper body 2 of the present invention is transparent, it is preferable to contain an inorganic infrared shielding material in the transparent thermoplastic resin composition in order to reduce temperature rise in the automobile interior due to solar radiation.

  The inorganic infrared shielding material preferably has a particle size of 1 nm to 800 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 600 nm, and even more preferably 1 nm to 300 nm. If the particle diameter is smaller than 1 nm, the coagulation effect is increased, so that dispersibility is likely to occur. If it is larger than 800 nm, defects such as an increase in the haze of the transparent resin molded product may occur. Examples of the inorganic infrared shielding material include a tungsten inorganic infrared shielding material, a lanthanum inorganic infrared shielding material, and a tin inorganic infrared shielding material. Among these, tungsten-based inorganic infrared shielding materials are preferable from the viewpoint of infrared shielding performance and haze, and composite tungsten oxide fine particles are particularly preferred among them.

  In order to provide the transparency of the upper body 2, it is preferable that additives, fillers, and the like that impair transparency are not blended as much as possible.

  The thermoplastic resin composition in the present invention is preferably a polycarbonate resin composition because it is excellent in transparency, heat resistance, mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and the like.

  As the polycarbonate resin, those known per se can be adopted. 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane, isosorbide, 1,1- Bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane and the like are exemplified, and these are not limited to homopolymers and may be copolymerized. Particularly preferably, it has at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane, and isosorbide. It is a polycarbonate resin composition.

  The viscosity average molecular weight of the polycarbonate resin is preferably 10,000 to 40,000. A viscosity average molecular weight of 10,000 or more is preferable in terms of excellent strength, and a viscosity average molecular weight of 40,000 or less is preferable in terms of excellent moldability.

  The viscosity average molecular weight (M) of the above polycarbonate resin is obtained by substituting the specific viscosity (ηSP) obtained at 20 ° C. from a solution of 0.7 g of polycarbonate resin in 100 ml of methylene chloride into the following equation.

Formula: η _SP /c=[η]+0.45×[η] ² c
In the above formula, [η] represents the intrinsic viscosity, [η] = 1.23 × 10 ⁻⁴ M ^0.83 , and c = 0.7.

  A method for obtaining the viscosity average molecular weight of such a polycarbonate resin is described in paragraphs [0033] to [0034] of JP-A No. 2002-129003, for example.

  Further, a polycarbonate resin composition having at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane, and isosorbide. Will be described in detail.

  First, a polycarbonate resin having 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane as a repeating unit is a polycarbonate resin called bisphenol A, and is preferable because it has excellent impact resistance compared to other polycarbonate resins. Next, the polycarbonate resin having isosorbide as a repeating unit is a polycarbonate resin containing a carbonate constituent unit represented by the following formula (1), and in particular, when isosorbide is used, the hardness of the resin component is Since the refractive index of the resin can be increased and the refractive index of the resin is lower than that of other polycarbonate resins, the change in the amount of perspective distortion can be further reduced, which is preferable. Furthermore, when bisphenol A and isosorbide are used in combination, the hardness can be increased while maintaining the impact resistance of the resin part, which is preferable.

  Finally, a polycarbonate resin having 2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane as a repeating unit is preferable because the hardness of the resin part can be increased, and the change in the amount of perspective distortion can be further reduced. . Further, when used in combination with bisphenol A, it is preferable because the hardness can be increased while maintaining the impact resistance of the resin part.

  Thus, since the upper body of the automobile body of the present invention is formed of a thermoplastic resin composition, it is lighter in weight and manufactured than a metal or fiber reinforced synthetic resin material such as FRP. Easy to do.

O About the distortion physical property of the upper body of the present invention As described above, the greatest feature of the upper body of the automobile body of the present invention is that the passenger can see the surrounding situation and scenery completely without distortion. For this purpose, as described above, as the material of the upper body, a transparent thermoplastic resin composition is used, and the upper body is
a) The average value of the amount of perspective distortion seen from the center of gravity of the upper body is 1.0 minute or less,
b) The difference in the amount of perspective distortion between a certain part and a part adjacent to that part by 5 cm is 1.5 minutes or less in a part above the plane parallel to the ground including the center of gravity,
It is important to have physical properties.

  The “transparent distortion amount” in the present invention is measured by a measuring method based on JIS R3212 as shown in paragraph [0089] of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-128909. The “center of gravity of the upper body” is the point of action of the resultant force of universal gravitation acting on the mass of the upper body, and this position is selected as a reference point close to the position of the driver's eyes. The mass of the upper body when determining the center of gravity of the upper body shall exclude the mass of the bottom plate of the upper body.

  The above-mentioned matter a) is that if the average value of the amount of perspective distortion seen from the center of gravity of the upper body is kept low at 1.0 minutes or less, the passenger can see the surrounding situation and scenery completely without distortion. It is stipulated based on the idea. The average value of the amount of perspective distortion viewed from the center of gravity of the upper body is preferably 0.9 minutes or less, and more preferably 0.8 minutes or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited, but is about 0.2 minutes.

  As described above, the upper body of the present invention has such a shape that the narrowed tip of the egg is the front side of the vehicle body, and the rear end of the egg that is swollen thick is the rear side of the vehicle body. In a portion having a large curvature, such as a case where the thickness of the upper body is uniform, the transmission distance of the transmitted light is increased and the optical path difference is increased, so that the amount of perspective distortion is increased.

  However, even if the amount of perspective distortion at the part with a large curvature such as the tip is slightly increased, the driver can accurately see and grasp the surrounding situation, and the passenger can completely distort the surrounding scenery. The effect of the present invention that it can be seen without any problems can be exhibited without any trouble. In other words, the driver directly visually confirms / confirms whether there are infants, small animals, etc. in the vicinity of the lower part of the vehicle, and whether the tire position and cutting angle are appropriate, through a portion having a large curvature such as the tip. Since these objects to be visually confirmed / confirmed are in the vicinity, even if the amount of perspective distortion is somewhat increased, there is no problem in visual recognition / confirmation. In addition, because the parts with large curvature, such as the tip, are outside the field of view when the driver and passenger see the surrounding situation and scenery, the driver and passenger are obstructed when seeing the surrounding situation and scenery. It will not be.

  In addition, the above-mentioned matter b) is a case where the amount of perspective distortion of the adjacent parts changes rapidly even when the amount of perspective distortion of each part of the upper body is suppressed to 1.0 minutes or less. Since the surrounding situation / scenery looks distorted, it is defined based on the idea of preventing this. The difference in the amount of perspective distortion between a certain part and a part adjacent to that part by 5 cm is 1.5 minutes or less in the part above the plane parallel to the ground including the center of gravity, and 1.0 minutes or less. Is more preferable. The upper limit of the difference in the amount of perspective distortion between a certain part and a part adjacent to that part by 5 cm is a value that a person feels as being distorted because the distortion of the molded body cannot be corrected by the brain.

  In order to obtain the upper body having the above items a) and b) with respect to the amount of perspective distortion, various known means can be adopted. For example, when the upper body is molded, injection compression molding or Examples thereof include injection press molding, surface finishing of the mold surface used for molding the upper body so as to prevent the unevenness as much as possible, and making the thickness of the upper body as uniform as possible.

  In injection compression molding or injection press molding, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-062316, after a molten thermoplastic resin is injected into a mold cavity, the resin is compressed and final clamping is performed. This is a molding method, which is an effective means for producing a molded product in which the amount of perspective distortion is greatly reduced. Both injection compression molding and injection press molding are the same in that the final mold clamping is performed by compressing the resin, whereas injection compression molding injects the resin with the mold clamped, whereas the injection press is slightly The difference is that the resin is injected with the mold open.

  The upper body of the present invention is preferably molded by injection molding alone, or after forming a member by injection molding, the member is preferably molded by hot press molding. It is desirable to adopt injection compression molding or injection press molding.

  When the surface roughness (Ra) or the like of both surfaces of the upper body increases, the amount of perspective distortion increases or varies, so the mold used for molding the upper body is optically polished on the surface, It is preferable that the surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface is 0.05 μm or less, and the undulation amplitude Wa is 0.30 μm or less. The values of Ra and Wa are obtained according to the measurement method described in JP-A-2002-128909.

  In addition, when the thickness of the upper body is not uniform, the optical path difference of the light transmitted through the upper body varies, and the amount of perspective distortion varies in the adjacent portion, so that the external scenery looks distorted. The thickness of the upper body is preferably made as uniform as possible. However, to make it as uniform as possible here does not exclude the intentional difference in thickness in order to reduce the variation in the amount of perspective distortion described later.

  The thickness of the upper body is preferably 3 to 8 mm, more preferably 4 to 6 mm. If the thickness of the upper body is less than or equal to the upper limit, the vehicle body becomes light and the effects of the present invention are easily exhibited. On the other hand, the lower limit or more is preferable because the rigidity required for the present invention can be obtained. The thickness of the upper body defined here refers to the thickness of the portion excluding the ridge line portion and the bent portion.

  As described above, the upper body of the automobile body of the present invention includes the items a) and b), so that the passenger can see the surrounding situation / scenery completely without distortion.

O About providing a ridgeline part As a shape of the upper body of this invention, the shape of a substantially egg-shaped upper half part as shown to FIGS. This is because the resin material has a smaller allowable stress than that of metal, so that an egg shape that does not have a corner portion where stress is easily concentrated and can secure a passenger's space is generally preferable.

  However, as shown in FIG. 9, the opening 8 that forms the entrance / exit is usually provided on the side of the upper body 2 (front upper body 2-1, rear upper body 2-2, roof 2-3) of the vehicle body. Since it is provided, the cross-sectional area of the upper body 2 in the vehicle lateral direction is reduced. Therefore, in order to improve the rigidity of this portion, the upper body 2 is symmetrical with respect to the shortest curve connecting the tip apex, the upper apex and the rear end apex, and is substantially parallel to the shortest curve. Two ridge lines 7, 7 'are preferably provided.

  When such ridges 7 and 7 ′ are provided, the amount of perspective distortion and its fluctuations inevitably increase in the vicinity, so that the passenger can see the surrounding situation and scenery completely without distortion. In order to do so, it is necessary to ensure sufficient visibility at other portions and to arrange the ridge line portions 7 and 7 'so as not to disturb the visibility.

For this purpose, as described above, as the material of the upper body, a transparent thermoplastic resin composition is used, and the upper body is
a ′) The average value of the perspective distortion amount is 1.0 minute or less in all parts except the part within 5 cm from the two ridge line parts 7, 7 ′,
b ′) The difference in the amount of perspective distortion between a certain part and a part adjacent to that part by 5 cm is from a plane parallel to the ground including the center of gravity excluding the part within 5 cm from the two ridge line parts 7, 7 ′. It is important to provide physical properties of 1.5 minutes or less in the upper part.

  In order to allow the passenger to see the surrounding situation / scenery completely without distortion, the portion within 5 cm from the two ridges 7, 7 'may be provided on the side of the upper body. preferable.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the curvature R of the ridges 7 and 7 'is smaller than the curvature of any part of the upper body 2 (front curvature R1, lateral curvature R2), and the radius of curvature is 5 mm or more. It is preferable. If the radius of curvature of the ridges 7 and 7 'is less than 5 mm, the corner formed by the ridges 7 and 7' is an acute angle, which is preferable because safety in the case of collision with a pedestrian is reduced. Absent. (All cross sections of the bent shape from the front surface to the upper surface and the rear surface of the vehicle also conform to the cross section EE in FIG. 10).

  By providing such ridge line portions 7 and 7 ′, higher rigidity of the upper body 2 can be given as compared with an egg shape as shown in FIGS.

  Furthermore, by providing such ridges 7 and 7 ', both sides of the upper body 2 can be made flat with no curvature, as shown in FIGS. You can see the scenery on the surface side without any distortion.

  Furthermore, as shown to FIGS. 6-8, the opening part 8 which forms an entrance / exit is provided in the upper body 2 (front upper body 2-1, rear upper body 2-2), and it forms in the perimeter of the formed entrance / exit. By providing the frame member 4, the rigidity of the vehicle body is further improved, and the frame member 4 is used as a member for attaching the seat belt shoulder anchor 4-1, the fall prevention member 4-2, the rain door 4-3, and the like. can do. The frame member 4 is preferably made of aluminum and has a circular shape, and can also serve as a rain gutter at the entrance / exit by making the cross-sectional shape of the outer peripheral surface outwardly concave.

○ About reducing the thickness of the part with large curvature As mentioned above, in order to prevent the amount of perspective distortion from abruptly changing in the adjacent part of the upper body, make the thickness of the upper body as uniform as possible. Thus, it is preferable that the optical path difference of the transmitted light passing through the upper body is made uniform to make the amount of perspective distortion uniform.

  However, even when the thickness of the upper body is made uniform, the transmission distortion amount becomes large because the transmission distance of the transmitted light becomes long and the optical path difference becomes large in a portion with a large curvature.

As defined in claim 5
c) The thickness (mm) A in the normal direction of the upper body and the curvature [1 / curvature radius (mm)] B satisfy the formula: A × B ² ≦ 1.07 × 10 ⁻³ (however, (If it has a ridge, remove the part within 5cm from the ridge)
The item c) is defined based on the idea that by reducing the thickness of the upper body where the curvature is large, the optical path difference of the transmitted light is reduced, and the amount of perspective distortion is reduced. It is. More preferably, the thickness (mm) A of the upper body and the curvature B satisfy the formula: A × B ² ≦ 4.03 × 10 ⁻⁴ .

  In order to obtain the upper body having the above item c), for example, a cavity of a mold used for injection compression molding or injection press molding is narrowed at a portion having a large curvature.

  In addition, by reducing the thickness of the upper body where the curvature is large, vibrations generated when the car is running are absorbed by this part, and the vibration of the upper body can be reduced, improving the durability of the upper body. Can be achieved.

O About the shape of the upper body The upper body of the present invention has a substantially egg-shaped upper half shape as described above.

  As can be seen from FIG. 1, when the passenger is riding in two places on the front and rear, it is necessary to secure the vehicle height at the passenger position at two places, so the curvature at the apex of the upper body is compared. The shape of the upper half of the egg is relatively large and the curvature at the apex of the rear end is relatively small. Thus, the air resistance at the time of driving | running | working can also be made small by setting it as the shape of a tapered substantially egg-shaped upper half part.

  On the other hand, when the passenger boardes at one place, the vehicle height may be secured at one place. Therefore, the upper body has a substantially oval shape in which the curvature at the tip end vertex and the curvature at the rear end vertex approximate. The shape of the upper half can be used. Thus, by setting it as the shape of a hemispherical substantially egg-shaped upper half part, the intensity | strength and rigidity of an upper body can be made high. Although air resistance during driving increases, ultra-compact mobility does not run at high speed, so it is not a big problem.

Further, preferably has an opening for boarding on the sides, the size of the openings, it is 5,000cm ² ~18,000cm ² in projected area, since easily get on and off while keeping the vehicle body rigidity preferable. The opening has a preferable advantage that the perspective distortion due to the ridge line is less likely to be noticed.

As defined in claim 6.
d) The matter that the curvature at the apex of the front end and the apex of the rear end is in the range of 6.7 × 10 ^{−4 to} 1.1 × 10 ⁻³ , respectively. It is defined that the shape of the upper half of a hemispherical approximate egg shape in which the curvature at the apex of the front end and the curvature at the apex of the rear end are approximated.

O About improvement of physical properties of upper body The upper body of the present invention may be provided with a hard coat layer in order to improve the wear resistance, which is a preferred embodiment from the viewpoint of wear resistance. As the hard coat layer, those known per se can be adopted, a method of wet coating an acrylic resin layer, a method of wet coating a cured film of an organosiloxane resin, a method of providing a plasma CVD layer of an organosilicon compound, The method of laminating the nanosheet layer which consists of scale-like metal oxide microparticles | fine-particles described in 2013-170209 gazette etc. can be raised, These may be used in combination not only independently.

  A preferable hard coat layer can be formed, for example, by wet coating an acrylic resin layer on the surface of the upper body, and further wet-coating a cured film of an organosiloxane resin on the upper body.

  In addition, the plasma CVD layer of the organosilicon compound is formed by, for example, plasma polymerization in the presence of an organosilicon compound vapor such as organosiloxane, organosilane, or silazane and oxygen gas, and an organosilicon oxide polymer is formed on the upper body. It can be formed by a deposition method.

  In addition, the nanosheet layer made of scale-like metal oxide fine particles is, for example, a dispersion in which scale-like metal oxide fine particles having a shortest width of 10 nm or more, a thickness of 10 nm or less, and a shortest width / thickness of 10 or more are dispersed in a solvent. It can be formed by applying, drying and fixing to the upper body.

  Furthermore, an ink layer can be laminated on the upper body of the present invention for decoration. In the decoration, an ink layer of characters, marks and other patterns is formed on the upper body. Also in this case, from the viewpoint of ensuring visibility, the visible light transmittance (wavelength 380 nm to 780 nm) of the colored layer is preferably 70% or more. By the way, in this invention, although a transparent thermoplastic resin is used from the point of ensuring visibility, until ink layers, such as black, are formed for the blinding of the adhesive agent and structural member which are formed in the upper body peripheral part. It is not excluded. However, in this case, it is preferable not to form it above the center of gravity so as not to impair visibility.

  The colored layer is, for example, a method (in-mold molding method) in which a transfer foil provided with a pattern is sandwiched between mold parting surfaces, a thermoplastic resin composition is injected, and these patterns are integrated into a molded product simultaneously with injection molding. Can be formed.

  Next, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples.

Examples 1-8, Comparative Examples 1-6
In Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, the egg-shaped upper body having the egg shape shown in FIGS.

  In the following Example 3 and the like, the egg-shaped upper body is provided with a “bent portion”, and in Example 5 and the like, the egg-shaped upper body is provided with a “ridge line”. Is basically an egg shape represented by the above formula, and is provided with predetermined “bends” and “ridges”.

[Shape of upper body]
An upper body having a thickness of 6 mm and a side shape as shown in FIG. 11 was molded.

  In this upper body, the angle formed by the tangent to the upper curved surface of the upper body and the horizontal plane (α in FIG. 1, hereinafter referred to as “tip angle”) is 118 °, and at the rear end, The angle formed by the tangent to the upper curved surface of the upper body and the horizontal plane (β in FIG. 1, hereinafter referred to as “rear end angle”) is 101 °.

[Resin material]
A polycarbonate resin powder (manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd .: Panlite L-1225WP) having a viscosity average molecular weight of 22,400 produced from bisphenol A and phosgene by an interfacial condensation polymerization method was used.

[Resin composition]
Infrared shielding agent (YMDS-874, manufactured by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.) 0.07 (0. 0. 99 parts by weight of the polycarbonate resin powder, about 23% of Cs _0.33 WO ₃ (average particle diameter 5 nm) and organic dispersion resin. 16) parts by weight, 0.300 parts by weight of a benzotriazine-based ultraviolet absorber (Ciba Specialty Chemicals: Tinuvin 1577), 0.030 parts by weight of a phosphorus stabilizer (P-EPQ manufactured by Clariant Japan Co., Ltd.), hindered Phenol stabilizer (AO412S manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 0.050 part by weight, fatty acid full ester (manufactured by Cognis Japan Co., Ltd .: VPG861) 0.100 part by weight, fatty acid partial ester (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd .: Riquemar S-100A) Weighed and mixed at a ratio of 0.020 parts by weight and mixed with a blender. , And melt kneaded using a vented twin-screw extruder to obtain pellets of polycarbonate resin compositions.

The content of infrared shielding agent is the amount of inorganic infrared shielding material Cs _0.33 WO ₃ contained in YMDS-874 shown in parentheses. (The numbers outside the parentheses represent parts by weight in the resin composition of YMDS-874.) The additives added to the PC were prepared in advance as pre-mixtures with PC based on the concentration of 10 to 100 times the blending amount. After that, the entire mixing was performed by a blender. The vent type twin screw extruder used was TEX30α (completely meshing, rotating in the same direction, two-thread screw) manufactured by Nippon Steel Works. The kneading zone was of one type before the vent opening. The extrusion conditions were a discharge rate of 20 kg / h, a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a vent vacuum of 3 kPa, and an extrusion temperature of 280 ° C. from the first supply port to the die part. The above resin composition was produced in an atmosphere in which clean air passed through a HEPA filter was circulated, and with great care so that no foreign matter was mixed during the operation. With respect to the obtained resin composition, a molded plate having a thickness of 6 mm was prepared, and the haze was measured according to the standard of JIS K7105.

[Molding method: injection compression molding]
Using a large molding machine (made by Meiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd .: MDIP2100, maximum clamping force 33540 kN) capable of injection press molding the resin material pellets with a platen 4-axis parallel control mechanism, The parts, the front upper body 2-1, the rear upper body 2-2 and the roof 2-3, were injection compression molded, and then these parts were bonded to produce an upper body.

  As the mold for injection molding, a mold manufactured by HPM38 manufactured by Hitachi Metals, Ltd. and having the cavity surface optically polished was used. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.04 μm, and the amplitude Wa of the waviness was 0.18 μm. The values of Ra and Wa were obtained according to the measurement method described in JP-A-2002-128909.

  Injection compression molding is cylinder temperature 300 ° C, hot runner set temperature 290 ° C, mold temperature is fixed side 105 ° C, movable side 95 ° C, press stroke: 0.5mm, mold from intermediate mold clamping state to final mold clamping state The moving speed was 0.02 mm / second, and the pressure holding time was 600 seconds. The pressure at the time of compression was set to 25 MPa, and the pressure was maintained for the holding time of pressurization. The injection speed was 5 mm / second in the area until the gate portion was filled, and 18 mm / second in the area after that. Further, the movable mold parting surface was not in contact with the fixed mold parting surface in the final forward position. As the runner, a valve gate type hot runner (diameter: 8 mmφ) manufactured by Moldmasters was used. Mold compression was started immediately before completion of filling, and the overlap was 0.5 seconds. Immediately after completion of filling, the valve gate was closed so that the molten resin did not flow backward from the gate to the cylinder. In such molding, tanθ representing the amount of tilt and the amount of twist was maintained at about 0.000025 or less by the 4-axis parallel control mechanism.

  After removing the obtained parts of the upper body (the front upper body 2-1, the rear upper body 2-2, and the roof 2-3) and subjecting each part to a hard coat treatment described in JP-A-2004-26871 These parts were bonded to produce an upper body.

  The material resin of the upper body of Example 1 is changed from polycarbonate resin to the following isosorbide-based polycarbonate resin, the cylinder temperature at the time of injection compression molding is 230 ° C., the hot runner set temperature is 220 ° C., the mold temperature The upper body was molded in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature was changed to 90 ° C. on the fixed side and 80 ° C. on the movable side. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.04 μm, and the amplitude Wa of the waviness was 0.18 μm. With respect to the obtained resin composition, a molded plate having a thickness of 6 mm was produced, and the haze was measured according to the standard of JIS K7105.

[Method for producing isosorbide-based polycarbonate resin]
426 parts of isosorbide (hereinafter abbreviated as ISS), 83 parts of 2,4-diethyl-1,5-pentanediol (hereinafter abbreviated as DEP), 750 parts of diphenyl carbonate (hereinafter abbreviated as DPC), and tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a catalyst 0.8 × 10 ⁻² parts and 0.6 × 10 ⁻⁴ parts of sodium hydroxide were heated to 180 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and melted. Thereafter, the degree of vacuum was adjusted to 13.4 kPa over 30 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 250 ° C. at a rate of 60 ° C./hr, held at that temperature for 10 minutes, and then the degree of vacuum was set to 133 Pa or less over 1 hour. The reaction was carried out with stirring for a total of 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was discharged from the bottom of the reaction tank under nitrogen pressure and cut with a pelletizer while cooling in a water tank to obtain a pellet.

Comparative Example 1

  In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the method of forming the upper body part in Example 1 was changed from injection compression molding to a method of hot press molding after molding an extruded sheet as follows. Was molded.

[Forming method: Extruded sheet forming + Hot press forming]
According to the method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-081757, an extruded sheet having a thickness of 6 mm was formed using the resin material pellets of Example 1, and the extruded sheet was heated at 170 ° C. with an ESPEC hot air dryer. The upper body part was formed by heating for a minute and sandwiching it with a hot press equipped with a mold heated to 80 ° C. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.03 μm, and the amplitude Wa of the undulation was 0.18 μm.

Comparative Example 2

  In the upper body molding method of Example 1, the upper body was molded in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mold used for injection compression molding was changed to the following mold.

[Mold used for injection compression molding]
As a mold for injection molding, a mold manufactured by HPM50 manufactured by Hitachi Metals, Ltd., having a cavity surface roughness Ra of 0.07 μm and a swell amplitude Wa of 0.40 μm was used. The values of Ra and Wa were obtained according to the measurement method described in JP-A-2002-128909.

Comparative Example 3

  In the upper body molding method of Example 1, the upper body was molded in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the shape of the upper body was changed as follows. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.04 μm, and the amplitude Wa of the undulation was 0.16 μm.

[Shape of upper body]
An upper body having a thickness of 6 mm and having a side shape as shown in FIG. 12 was molded.

The upper body has the same front end angle and rear end angle as those of the first embodiment, but the upper surface of the upper body has a curvature [1 / curvature radius (mm)] in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. There are two bend lines that are 1.4 × 10 ⁻² .

  In the upper body molding method of Example 1, the upper body was molded in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the shape of the upper body was changed as follows. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.04 μm, and the amplitude Wa of the waviness was 0.17 μm.

[Shape of upper body]
This upper body has the same front end angle and rear end angle as that of the first embodiment, and on the upper surface of the upper body, as in Comparative Example 2, the curvature [1 / curvature radius ( mm)] is provided with two bend lines having a size of 1.4 × 10 ^−2. The bend line has a thickness of 5 mm and the other portions have a thickness of 6 mm. is there.

  Instead of bonding the parts of the upper body 2 (the front upper body 2-1, the rear upper body 2-2, and the roof 2-3) by injection compression molding as in the first embodiment, the upper body 2 is The upper body was molded in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the molded product was changed to be molded as an integral molded product by injection compression molding. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.03 μm, and the amplitude Wa of the swell was 0.19 μm.

[Shape of upper body]
An upper body having a thickness of 6 mm and a side shape as shown in FIG. 13 was molded.

  The upper body has a front end angle of 85 ° and a rear end angle of 87 °.

  In the upper body molding method of Example 1, the upper body was molded in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the shape of the upper body was changed as follows. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.03 μm and the amplitude Wa of the swell was 0.17 μm.

[Shape of upper body]
An upper body having a thickness of 6 mm and having a side shape as shown in FIG. 14 was molded.

  This upper body has the same front end angle and rear end angle as that of the first embodiment, but the upper body is symmetrical with respect to the shortest curve connecting the front end apex, the upper apex and the rear end apex. The two ridge lines 7 that are substantially parallel to the shortest curve are provided at an interval of 60 cm.

  In the upper body molding method of Example 5, the upper body was molded in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the shape of the upper body was changed as follows. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.04 μm, and the amplitude Wa of the undulation was 0.16 μm.

[Shape of upper body]
An upper body having a thickness of 6 mm and a side shape as shown in FIG. 15 was molded.

  The upper body has a front end angle of 85 ° and a rear end angle of 87 °.

  The upper body was molded in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the material resin of the upper body in Example 5 was changed from the polycarbonate resin to the isosorbide-based polycarbonate resin used in Example 2. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.03 μm and the amplitude Wa of the swell was 0.17 μm.

Comparative Example 4

  The molding method of the upper body part of Example 5 was the same as that of Example 5 except that the method was changed from injection compression molding to the method of hot press molding after molding the extruded sheet used in Comparative Example 2. The upper body was molded. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.03 μm, and the amplitude Wa of the waviness was 0.16 μm.

Comparative Example 5

  In the upper body molding method of Example 5, the upper body was molded in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the shape of the upper body was changed as follows. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.03 μm and the amplitude Wa of the swell was 0.17 μm.

[Shape of upper body]
An upper body having a thickness of 6 mm and a side shape as shown in FIG. 16 was molded.

Like the fifth embodiment, the upper body is provided with two ridges 7 and, like the third comparative example, the curvature [1 / curvature radius (mm) in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. )] Is 1.4 × 10 ⁻² and two bend lines are provided.

Comparative Example 6

  In the upper body molding method of Example 5, the mold used for injection compression molding was changed to a mold having a cavity surface roughness Ra of 0.08 μm and a swell amplitude Wa of 0.43 μm. Was molded in the same manner as in Example 5.

  In the upper body molding method of Example 5, the upper body was molded in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the shape of the upper body was changed as follows. The surface roughness Ra of the cavity surface was 0.04 μm, and the amplitude Wa of the waviness was 0.21 μm.

[Shape of upper body]
Like the comparative example 5, this upper body has a curvature [1 / curvature radius (mm)] of 1.4 × 10 ⁻² in the direction perpendicular to the two ridgeline portions 7 and the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body 2. There are two bend lines, but two bend lines having a curvature [1 / curvature radius (mm)] of 1.4 × 10 ⁻² are provided in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. However, the thickness of the bent portion is 5 mm, and the thickness of the other portions is 6 mm.

  The conditions such as the shape, material, and molding of the upper body in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 are summarized in Table 1 below.

  Measure the amount of perspective distortion of the upper body manufactured in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, and connect the terminal end on the tip end side, the top apex side, and the terminal end on the rear end apex side. The perspective distortion amount (minutes) in the curved portion is shown in FIGS. Here, 0 mm at the position defined by the horizontal axis was defined as the end portion on the apex side. 29 to 32 show the perspective distortion amount (minutes) in the curved portion extending from the upper vertex to the left and right in the plane orthogonal to the curved portion and including the center of gravity of the upper body. Here, 0 mm at the position defined by the horizontal axis is the upper vertex.

  The measurement of the amount of perspective distortion of the upper body manufactured in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 is a direction parallel to the front-rear direction of the vehicle body produced by providing two bending lines in a direction orthogonal to the front-rear direction of the vehicle body This was carried out at a portion excluding 5 cm from the two ridge lines. The “transparent distortion amount” in the present invention is measured by placing a light source at the center of gravity of the upper body by a measuring method based on JIS R3212 as shown in paragraph [0089] of JP-A-2002-128909. It is a thing.

  Table 2 below shows the surrounding situation through the upper body manufactured in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, and evaluation of the visibility of the scenery.

  In addition, visual observation should be performed outdoors on a sunny day. From the center of gravity of the upper body, the outside can be seen through the upper body and the external situation and scenery can be seen almost without distortion. The case where strain that disturbs sex was observed was evaluated as x. Visual observation was performed by five adults and more than half of the evaluations were adopted, but there was little variation in the evaluation of each molded product.

  As can be seen from the results of Examples 1 to 8, the upper body of the automobile body of the present invention allows the driver to directly confirm the vicinity near the lower side, and further allows the passenger to see the external situation / scenery with almost no distortion. It has the excellent effect of being excellent in visibility.

The upper body of the car body of the present invention is
1) It is formed so that the angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane is 85 to 125 ° at the end portions on the apex side and the apex side of the rear end.
2) The average value of the amount of perspective distortion seen from the center of gravity of the upper body is 1.0 minute or less, and 3) The difference in the amount of perspective distortion between a certain part and a part adjacent to that part by 5 cm is the center of gravity. The upper body that has a maximum feature of 1.5 minutes or less in the part above the plane parallel to the ground including the above-mentioned feature 1) does not have the above feature 1). It is not possible to ensure the visibility that the image can be viewed almost without distortion.

  Moreover, the visibility of the upper bodies of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 that do not include any of the above features 2) and 3) is poor.

  Moreover, since the upper bodies of Comparative Examples 2-3 and 5-6, which have the above feature 2) but do not have the above feature 3), have poor visibility, it is sufficiently visible only by having the above feature 2). Therefore, it can be said that it is important to provide the above feature 3) together.

In the upper bodies of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 5, the amount of perspective distortion is large at the two bent lines where the curvature [1 / curvature radius (mm)] is 1.4 × 10 ⁻² . However, as in the third and eighth embodiments, by reducing the thickness of the bent line portion, the amount of perspective distortion can be reduced and the above features 2) and 3) can be satisfied. The value of A × B ² in the bent line portion is 1.18 × 10 ⁻³ [6 (mm) × (1.4 × 10 ⁻² ) ² ] in Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 5, and Example 3. In Example 8, it is 0.98 × 10 ⁻³ [5 (mm) × (1.4 × 10 ⁻² ) ² ].

  The upper body of the automobile body according to the present invention is lightweight, easy to manufacture, and allows the passenger to see the surrounding situation and scenery completely without distortion, and has the required rigidity. In particular, it is suitable for an upper body body of an automobile body of a micro mobility such as a micro electric car.

1: Lower body 1-1: Bottom surface 1-2: Flange part 1-3: Projection line part 1-4: Side sill shape part 2: Upper body 2-1: Front upper body 2-2: Rear upper body 2-3 : Roof 3: Floor 4: Frame member 4-1: Seat belt shoulder anchor 4-2: Member for prevention of falling 4-3: Door to prevent rain 5: Front suspension subframe 6: Rear suspension subframe 7, 7 ': Upper body (Roof) Ridge Line 8: Opening Forming Entrance / Exit 9: Automotive Parts such as Batteries

Claims (11)

An upper body of an automobile body formed by bonding and / or fastening an upper body, a lower body, etc.
The upper body is formed of a transparent thermoplastic resin composition,
The upper body has a narrowed tip of the egg at the front side of the vehicle body, a thickly swollen rear end of the egg at the rear side of the vehicle, and a straight line connecting the apex of the egg and the apex of the rear end is substantially the ground. It is parallel and has a shape of an approximately egg-shaped upper half, such as the lower part of about 1/3 to 1/2 cut off from the ground side,
The upper curved surface of the upper body, in a cross section perpendicular to the ground including the two vertices, from the upper vertex where the tangent to the upper curved surface is horizontal, toward the tip vertex and the rear vertex, The angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane increases continuously, and the angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane is 85 to 125 ° at the end portions on the apex side and the rear end apex side. It is formed so that
The upper body has an average value of the amount of perspective distortion as viewed from the center of gravity of the upper body of 1.0 minute or less, and there is a difference in the amount of perspective distortion between a certain part and a part adjacent to the part by 5 cm. , 1.5 minutes or less in the part above the plane parallel to the ground including the center of gravity,
An upper body of an automobile body characterized by that. An upper body of an automobile body formed by bonding and / or fastening an upper body, a lower body, etc.
The upper body is formed of a transparent thermoplastic resin composition,
The upper body has a narrowed tip of the egg at the front side of the vehicle body, a thickly swollen rear end of the egg at the rear side of the vehicle, and a straight line connecting the apex of the egg and the apex of the rear end is substantially the ground. It is parallel and has a shape of an approximately egg-shaped upper half, such as the lower part of about 1/3 to 1/2 cut off from the ground side,
The upper curved surface of the upper body, in a cross section perpendicular to the ground including the two vertices, from the upper vertex where the tangent to the upper curved surface is horizontal, toward the tip vertex and the rear vertex, The angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane increases continuously, and the angle between the tangent to the upper curved surface and the horizontal plane is 85 to 125 ° at the end portions on the apex side and the rear end apex side. It is formed so that
The upper body is provided with two ridge lines that are symmetrical with respect to the shortest curve connecting the tip apex, the upper apex, and the rear end apex, and are substantially parallel to the shortest curve. ,
In the portion excluding the portion within 5 cm from the two ridges of the upper body, the average value of the amount of perspective distortion as viewed from the center of gravity of the upper body is 1.0 minute or less. And the difference in the amount of perspective distortion between adjacent parts separated by 5 cm is 1.5 minutes or less in the part above the plane parallel to the ground including the center of gravity.
An upper body of an automobile body characterized by that.   The upper body of an automobile body according to claim 2, wherein a portion within 5 cm from the two ridge lines is provided on a side surface of the upper body.   The upper body of an automobile body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an opening for boarding the side surface. The thickness (mm) A in the normal direction of the upper body and the curvature [1 / curvature radius (mm)] B satisfy the following formula (I) (however, when having a ridge line part, from the ridge line part: The upper body of the automobile body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a portion within 5 cm is excluded).
A × B ² ≦ 1.07 × 10 ⁻³ (I) The curvatures at the apex of the front end and the apex of the rear end are in the range of 6.7 × 10 ^{−4 to} 1.1 × 10 ⁻³ , respectively. The upper body of the car body.   The transparent thermoplastic resin composition is a polycarbonate resin composition, an acrylic resin composition, a cyclic polyolefin resin composition, or a polyphenylene ether resin composition, according to any one of claims 1 to 6. Upper body of the car body.   The transparent thermoplastic resin composition is at least one selected from the group consisting of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane, and isosorbide. The upper body of an automobile body according to claim 7, wherein the upper body is a polycarbonate resin composition having a repeating unit of:   The upper body of an automobile body according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the transparent thermoplastic resin composition contains an ultraviolet absorber, an infrared shielding material and / or an infrared absorber.   The upper body of an automobile body according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a hard coat layer is laminated on the upper body.   The upper body of an automobile body according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a colored layer is laminated on the upper body.

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