JP2016101390A - 透光性生体留置デバイス及びその利用 - Google Patents
透光性生体留置デバイス及びその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016101390A JP2016101390A JP2014242148A JP2014242148A JP2016101390A JP 2016101390 A JP2016101390 A JP 2016101390A JP 2014242148 A JP2014242148 A JP 2014242148A JP 2014242148 A JP2014242148 A JP 2014242148A JP 2016101390 A JP2016101390 A JP 2016101390A
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Abstract
Description
(2)前記希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトは、直線透過率が50%以上である、(1)に記載の生体留置デバイス。
(3)前記希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトは、気孔率が0.2%未満である、(1)又は(2)に記載の生体留置デバイス。
(4)前記希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトは、レーザー発振する、(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の生体留置デバイス。
(5)骨補填デバイスである、(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の生体留置デバイス。
(6)脳に対する光学デバイスである、(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の生体留置デバイス。
(7)光学窓である、(6)に記載の生体留置デバイス。
(8)モニタリング用途である、(6)に記載の生体留置デバイス。
(9)外部からの光照射用途である、(6)に記載の生体留置デバイス。
(10)生体を対象とした情報の入出力のためのシステムであって、
希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを含んで透光性を有する領域を含む基材と、
前記基材を介して光を媒体とする生体内情報を出力するか又は前記基材を介して光を媒体とする生体外情報を入力するための装置と、
を備える、システム。
(11)脳を対象とする、(10)に記載のシステム。
(12)前記光は、レーザー光である、(10)又は(11)に記載のシステム。
(13)治療のための入出力システムである、(10)〜(12)のいずれかに記載のシステム。
(14)生体を対象とする情報の入力又は出力方法であって、
生体に留置された希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを含んで透光性を有する領域を含む基材を介して光を媒体とする生体内情報を出力するか又は前記基材を介して光を媒体とする生体外情報を入力するステップを備える、方法。
することができる。
(希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイト)
透光性を有する希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトは、それ自体公知である。本開示においては、透光性を有する希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを用いることができる。希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトは、多結晶材料であっても単結晶材料であってもよい。多結晶材料の場合には、透光性を有し、レーザー発振が可能であるためには、その結晶軸が一軸にあるいはある程度制御されて配向されている。なお、アパタイトなどの一軸性結晶においては、c軸方向が結晶主軸方向であるとされている。結晶軸が配向された希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイト(多結晶材料)については、国際公開WO2010/073712号及び特開2012−166433号公報に開示されている。なお、こうした希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトがレーザー発振が可能であることは、上記特許文献ほか、各種文献においても公知である(Applied Physics Express 4 (2011)022703, IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOOL., 30, NO. 1, JANUARY 1994, 170-179).
光散乱損失係数σ=−In(1−T1―(((n−1)2+1)/((n+1)2+1))2)/L
(ただし、Lは試料片の厚みcmである。)
本デバイスは、希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを含んで透光性を有する領域を備えることができる。上記したように本デバイスで用いる透光性を有する希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを、少なくとも一部の領域に含み、当該領域において透光性を有している。本デバイスの構成は特に限定しない。生体における適用部位やその用途に応じて各種の形態を採ることができる。本デバイスは、その一部の領域のみが希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトで構成されていてもよいし、全ての領域が希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトで構成されていてもよい。
本デバイスは、骨補填デバイスとして用いることができる。骨補填デバイスは、ヒトなどの動物の骨部を補填し、その機能を回復又は改善させる。本デバイスが、骨への適用を意図する場合には、希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトのみで、特定骨部の一部あるいは全体を代替するための全領域を占めるような形態を採ることができる。また、透光性やレーザー発振を意図する領域にのみ希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを用い、他の領域従来の材料(例えば、ヒドロキシアパタイトなどの他のセラミックスや金属)を組み合わせて用いることもできる。
本デバイスは、光を媒体として生体内情報を生体の外に出力したり、生体外情報を生体に入力したりする光学デバイス(光学窓)として用いることができる。本デバイスの生体への留置形態は特に限定しないで、光学デバイスとして機能できる形態であればよい。例えば、頭蓋骨に適用する場合には、図1及び図2に示すような形態を用いることができる。
生体内情報を生体に出力するための本デバイスの用途としては、典型的には、生体内情報をモニタリングするためのモニタリング用途が挙げられる。モニタリング用途として用いる場合には、生体内のモニタリングが可能な状態で生体に本デバイスが留置される。典型的には、上述の光学デバイスのように、頭蓋プレートの一部又は全体、ボーホールボタンの一部又は全体とするときには、脳内モニタリングデバイスとなる。
生体外情報を生体に入力するための本デバイスの用途としては、生体外情報としての光刺激を生体内に適用するための光学窓としての利用が挙げられる。これにより、本デバイスを、治療用途(機能改善に基づく介護又は福祉用途を含む)、研究用途等が挙げられる。治療用途としては、本デバイスを介して外部から赤外光やレーザー光等を生体に到達させることによる細胞や組織の活性化が挙げられる。例えば、特定のレーザー光によって、アルツハイマー病やパーキンソン病の原因タンパク質の不活性等が報告されている(Nature Photonics, Volume 7, 969-972,2013)。
希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトは、レーザー媒質であることから、本デバイスをレーザー発振デバイスの一部(レーザー媒質)として利用できる。
本開示の生体を対象とする情報の入出力のためのシステムは、希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを含んで透光性を有する領域を含む基材と、前記基材を介して光を媒体とする生体内情報を出力するか又は前記基材を介して光を媒体とする生体外情報を入力するための装置と、を備えることができる。本システムによれば、希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを含んで透光性を有する領域を含む基材(本デバイス)を光学窓として利用して、光を媒体とする情報を入出力することができる。希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトは、生体適合性ほか、化学的安定性及び強度に優れるため、透明性を安定して維持できるため、良好な光学窓として利用して生体情報を容易に入出力できる。
また、光としては、レーザー光他、各種の光を利用できる。
本開示の生体を対象とする情報の入力又は出力方法は、生体に留置された希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを含んで透光性を有する領域を含む基材(本デバイス)を介して光を媒体とする生体内情報を出力するか又は前記基材を介して光を媒体とする生体外情報を入力するステップを備えることができる。本方法によれば、本システムと同様、本デバイスを良好な光学窓として利用して光を媒体とする生体情報を容易に入出力できる。
8週齢の雄の遺伝子改変マウス(Thy1−GFP transgenic mouse(M-line)を用いし、ケタミンとキシラジンとの腹腔内投与(それぞれ、100mg/kg、10mg/kg)で全身麻酔後、ステレオタキシス(SR−5N、NARISIGE社)とイヤーバーでマウスの頭部を固定後、はさみを用いて図8に示すような形状(前後方向14mm、左右方向10mm程度)の範囲で頭皮を切開して頭蓋骨を露出させた。
a)アパタイトを頭蓋の上に載せる場合
専用の固定チャンバーを容易して、歯科用セメント(スーパーボンド、サンメディカル社)を固定具に塗布して頭蓋骨と接合させた。次いで、生体組織用接着剤(3MTM社, VetbondTM)によって接合を補強した。その後、イヤーバーを外し、ステレオタキシスと固定チャンバーで頭部を固定した。さらに、先端径0.5ミリの小型ドリル(19007-05, FST社およびSD-101, NARISHIGE社)使用して、頭蓋に直径2〜3ミリ程度の穴を開けた。開口において露出した脳表に人工脊髄液又は生理食塩水を載せた後、ディスクで蓋をして、スーパーボンドでディスク外縁と頭蓋とを接着した(図9参照)。頭皮を縫合せずにケージに戻した。
b)アパタイトを頭蓋にはめ込む場合
頭蓋に対して、ステレオタキシスとイヤーバーで固定したままの状態で小型ドリルで頭蓋に直径4mmの孔を明け、露出した脳表に対してディスクを直接載せた後、頭皮を縫合する以外は、a)と同様に操作して、マウスをケージに戻した(図10参照)。なお、このケースでは、ディスクより大きな開口を形成していた。
Claims (14)
- 希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを含んで透光性を有する領域を備える、生体留置デバイス。
- 前記希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトは、直線透過率が50%以上である、請求項1に記載の生体留置デバイス。
- 前記希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトは、気孔率が0.2%未満である、請求項1又は2に記載の生体留置デバイス。
- 前記希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトは、レーザー発振する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の生体留置デバイス。
- 骨補填デバイスである、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の生体留置デバイス。
- 脳に対する光学デバイスである、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の生体留置デバイス。
- 光学窓である、請求項6に記載の生体留置デバイス。
- モニタリング用途である、請求項6に記載の生体留置デバイス。
- 外部からの光照射用途である、請求項6に記載の生体留置デバイス。
- 生体を対象とした情報の入出力のためのシステムであって、
希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを含んで透光性を有する領域を含む基材と、
前記基材を介して光を媒体とする生体内情報を出力するか又は前記基材を介して光を媒体とする生体外情報を入力するための装置と、
を備える、システム。 - 脳を対象とする、請求項10に記載のシステム。
- 前記光は、レーザー光である、請求項10又は11に記載のシステム。
- 治療のための入出力システムである、請求項10〜12のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 生体を対象とする情報の入力又は出力方法であって、
生体に留置された希土類元素添加フッ化アパタイトを含んで透光性を有する領域を含む基材を介して光を媒体とする生体内情報を出力するか又は前記基材を介して光を媒体とする生体外情報を入力するステップを備える、方法。
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