JP2016094594A - バイオ系アクリラートおよび(メタ)アクリラート樹脂 - Google Patents
バイオ系アクリラートおよび(メタ)アクリラート樹脂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2016094594A JP2016094594A JP2015215829A JP2015215829A JP2016094594A JP 2016094594 A JP2016094594 A JP 2016094594A JP 2015215829 A JP2015215829 A JP 2015215829A JP 2015215829 A JP2015215829 A JP 2015215829A JP 2016094594 A JP2016094594 A JP 2016094594A
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- Prior art keywords
- acrylate
- rosin
- poly
- resin
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- KLDXJTOLSGUMSJ-JGWLITMVSA-N Isosorbide Chemical group O[C@@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)CO[C@@H]21 KLDXJTOLSGUMSJ-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229960002479 isosorbide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N abietic acid Chemical class C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- MHVJRKBZMUDEEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (-)-ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid Natural products C1CCC(C(O)=O)(C)C2C1(C)C1CCC(C=C)(C)C=C1CC2 MHVJRKBZMUDEEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acryloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C=C HFBMWMNUJJDEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N Abietic acid Natural products CC(C)C1=CC2=CC[C@]3(C)[C@](C)(CCC[C@@]3(C)C(=O)O)[C@H]2CC1 BQACOLQNOUYJCE-FYZZASKESA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VHRYZQNGTZXDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacryloyl chloride Chemical compound CC(=C)C(Cl)=O VHRYZQNGTZXDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MHVJRKBZMUDEEV-APQLOABGSA-N (+)-Pimaric acid Chemical compound [C@H]1([C@](CCC2)(C)C(O)=O)[C@@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@](C=C)(C)C=C2CC1 MHVJRKBZMUDEEV-APQLOABGSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MXYATHGRPJZBNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-epi-isopimaric acid Natural products C1CCC(C(O)=O)(C)C2C1(C)C1CCC(C=C)(C)CC1=CC2 MXYATHGRPJZBNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QUUCYKKMFLJLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydroabietan Natural products CC1(C)CCCC2(C)C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3CCC21 QUUCYKKMFLJLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydroabietic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1(C)CCCC2(C)C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3CCC21 NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-MISYRCLQSA-N dehydroabietic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@]1(C)CCC[C@]2(C)C3=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C3CC[C@H]21 NFWKVWVWBFBAOV-MISYRCLQSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940118781 dehydroabietic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- MXYATHGRPJZBNA-KRFUXDQASA-N isopimaric acid Chemical compound [C@H]1([C@](CCC2)(C)C(O)=O)[C@@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@@](C=C)(C)CC2=CC1 MXYATHGRPJZBNA-KRFUXDQASA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KGMSWPSAVZAMKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Me ester-3, 22-Dihydroxy-29-hopanoic acid Natural products C1CCC(C(O)=O)(C)C2C1(C)C1CCC(=C(C)C)C=C1CC2 KGMSWPSAVZAMKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KGMSWPSAVZAMKR-ONCXSQPRSA-N Neoabietic acid Chemical compound [C@H]1([C@](CCC2)(C)C(O)=O)[C@@]2(C)[C@H]2CCC(=C(C)C)C=C2CC1 KGMSWPSAVZAMKR-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MHVJRKBZMUDEEV-KRFUXDQASA-N sandaracopimaric acid Chemical compound [C@H]1([C@](CCC2)(C)C(O)=O)[C@@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@@](C=C)(C)C=C2CC1 MHVJRKBZMUDEEV-KRFUXDQASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YZVSLDRKXBZOMY-KNOXWWKRSA-N sandaracopimaric acid Natural products CC(=C)[C@]1(C)CCC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C=C)C=C3CC[C@@H]12 YZVSLDRKXBZOMY-KNOXWWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RWWVEQKPFPXLGL-ONCXSQPRSA-N L-Pimaric acid Chemical compound [C@H]1([C@](CCC2)(C)C(O)=O)[C@@]2(C)[C@H]2CC=C(C(C)C)C=C2CC1 RWWVEQKPFPXLGL-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RWWVEQKPFPXLGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Levopimaric acid Natural products C1CCC(C(O)=O)(C)C2C1(C)C1CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1CC2 RWWVEQKPFPXLGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 73
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 56
- 229920006025 bioresin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 110
- -1 vinylidene halides Chemical class 0.000 description 66
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 37
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 35
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 35
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 19
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 12
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 11
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920006038 crystalline resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
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- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- ZGHFDIIVVIFNPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methyl-3-buten-2-one Chemical class CC(=C)C(C)=O ZGHFDIIVVIFNPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N [(1s,3s,4s)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(=C)C)C[C@H]1C2(C)C IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006085 branching agent Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229940119545 isobornyl methacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/107—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having magnetic components
- G03G9/1075—Structural characteristics of the carrier particles, e.g. shape or crystallographic structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1138—Non-macromolecular organic components of coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/10—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles
- G03G9/113—Developers with toner particles characterised by carrier particles having coatings applied thereto
- G03G9/1139—Inorganic components of coatings
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Abstract
Description
本開示は、トナーおよび/またはキャリア用の持続可能な樹脂を提供する。特に、ポリアクリラートまたはポリ(メタ)アクリラートの持続可能な樹脂が本明細書において提供される。
本明細書において使用される場合、ある量と組み合わせて使用される修飾語「約」は、示される値を含み、その文脈によって示される意味を有する(例えば、特定の量の測定に関連するある程度の誤差を少なくとも含む)。実施形態において、対象とする用語は、示される値から約10%未満の変動を含む。ある範囲の文脈において使用される場合、修飾語「約」は、また2つの終点の絶対値によって画定される範囲を開示していると考えられるべきである。例えば、「約2〜約4」という範囲は、「2〜4」という範囲も開示している。
実施形態において、少なくとも1種のバイオ系モノマーは、トウモロコシなどの天然供給源から得られるイソソルビド部分を含む。イソソルビドは、アクリルまたはメタクリルモノマーを反応させることにより、例えば塩基の存在下でアクリロイルクロリドで処理することによりアクリル化またはメタクリル化される。アクリルまたはメタクリルモノマーは、アクリロイルクロリド(2−プロペノイルクロリド)またはメタクリロイルクロリド(2−メチルプロパ−2−エノイルクロリド)を含むがこれらに限定されない。
a)キャリア塗膜樹脂
対象とする樹脂はキャリア塗膜として使用することができる。本樹脂は、樹脂のうち最大100重量%のバイオ系モノマー、50重量%以上のバイオ系モノマー、少なくとも約10重量%のバイオ系モノマーを含むことができる。
様々な適切な固体コアまたは粒子材料を、本開示のキャリアおよび現像剤のために使用することができる。特徴的な粒子特性は、実施形態において、正電荷または負電荷をトナー粒子に付与することができる特性、および電子写真画像形成装置に存在する現像剤貯蔵器内で望ましい流動性を与えるキャリアコアを含む。コアの他の望ましい特性には、例えば、磁気ブラシ現像プロセスでの磁気ブラシ形成を可能にする適切な磁性;望ましい機械的熟成特性;ならびにキャリアおよび適切なトナーを含む任意の現像剤の高い電気伝導性を可能にする望ましい表面モルフォロジーが含まれる。
樹脂は、例えば、コアの、樹脂を含む溶液中での、または粉末樹脂との混合を含む、当該技術分野で公知の任意の方法を使用して、キャリアコアに適用される。
実施形態において、現像剤はトナー粒子および本樹脂を含み、または、対象とする樹脂はキャリア塗膜を含む。現像剤中のトナー濃度は、現像剤の合計重量の約1重量%から約25重量%、現像剤の合計重量の約2重量%から約15重量%であってもよい。
樹脂は、画像形成目的の本現像剤を調合するために当該技術分野で公知の任意のトナー粒子に使用されてもよい。実施形態において、トナー粒子は乳化−凝集トナーである。乳化−凝集トナーの様々な成分および材料は、そのようなトナーを調製するプロセスと合わせて以下に提供される。
ラテックス樹脂は第1および第2のモノマー組成物で構成されてもよい。任意の適切なモノマーまたはモノマーの混合物が、第1のモノマー組成物および第2のモノマー組成物を調製するために選択されてもよい。第1のモノマー組成物用のモノマーまたはモノマーの混合物の選択は、第2のモノマー組成物用のそれに依存せず、その逆もまた同じである。第1または第2のモノマーは、本明細書において教示されるイソソルビドまたはロジンのメタクリラートもしくはアクリラートモノマーなどのバイオ系モノマーであってもよい。第2のモノマーは1種または複数のモノマーを表す。
任意の適切な界面活性剤が、例えば、本開示によるラテックス、顔料、ワックスまたは他の分散液の調製のために使用されてもよい。乳化システムに応じて、任意の所望の非イオン性または陰イオン性または陽イオン界面活性剤などのイオン性界面活性剤が企図されてもよい。
任意の適切な開始剤または開始剤の混合物がラテックスプロセスおよびトナープロセスにおいて使用されてもよい。実施形態において、開始剤は、約30℃を超えて加熱して遊離ラジカル種をもたらすものなどの公知の遊離ラジカル重合開始剤から選択される。
連鎖移動剤は、場合によって、ラテックスの重合度を制御し、それによって本開示によるラテックスプロセスおよび/またはトナープロセスの生成ラテックスの分子量および分子量分布を制御するために使用されてもよい。理解することができるように、連鎖移動剤はラテックスポリマーの一部になることができる。
分岐剤は、場合によって目標ラテックスの分岐度および構造を制御するために含まれてもよい。例示の分岐剤は、デカンジオールジアクリラート(ADOD)、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリトリトール、トリメリット酸、ピロメリット酸、3個以上の酸基を含むカルボン酸およびその混合物を含むがこれらに限定されない。
本開示のラテックスプロセスおよびトナープロセスにおいて、乳化は、高温での混合などの任意の適切なプロセスによって行われてもよい。例えば、乳化混合物は、約200から約400rpm、約20℃から約80℃の温度で設定したホモジナイザーで約1分から約20分の時間、混合されてもよいが、その範囲外の温度、速度および時間も使用することができる。
様々な公知の適切な色素、例えば染料、顔料、染料の混合物、顔料の混合物、染料および顔料の混合物などが、トナーに含まれてよい。色素は、例えば、トナーの0から約35重量%、トナーの約1から約15重量%、トナーの約3から約10重量%の量でトナーに含まれてよいが、これらの範囲外の量が使用されてもよい。
本開示のトナーはまた、ワックスを含んでよく、単一種類のワックスまたは2種以上の異なるワックスの混合物のどちらであってもよい。ワックスは、例えばトナー粒子の約1重量%から約25重量%、トナー粒子の約5重量%から約20重量%の量で存在してもよい。ワックスの融点は、少なくとも約30℃、少なくとも約40℃、少なくとも約50℃であってもよい。選択されてもよいワックスは、例えば、約500から約20,000、約1,000から約10,000の重量平均分子量を有するワックスを含む。
トナー粒子は、当業者の理解範囲内の任意の方法によって調製されてもよい。実施形態は乳化−凝集(EA)プロセスに関して以下に記載されるが、米国特許第5,290,654号および第5,302,486号明細書に開示されている懸濁およびカプセル化プロセスなどの化学プロセスを含む、トナー粒子を調製する任意の適切な方法が使用されてもよい。実施形態において、トナー組成物およびトナー粒子は、より小径の樹脂粒子が好適なトナー粒径に凝集し、次いで、融合して最終のトナー粒子形状およびモルフォロジーを達成する、凝集および融合プロセスによって調製されてもよい。
実施形態において、シェルが、形成された凝集トナー粒子に施されてもよい。対象とするアクリラートまたはメタクリラートを含むバイオ系樹脂などの、コア樹脂に適するものとして上に記載された任意の樹脂が、シェル樹脂として使用されてもよい。シェル樹脂は、当業者の理解範囲内の任意の方法によって凝集粒子に施されてもよい。実施形態において、シェル樹脂は、本明細書に記載される任意の界面活性剤を含む乳剤中にあってもよい。上記の凝集粒子は、樹脂が形成された凝集体上にシェルを形成するように前記乳剤と組み合わせてもよい。実施形態において、非晶性ポリエステルが、凝集体上にシェルを形成してコア−シェル構造を有するトナー粒子を形成するために使用されてもよい。
上記の任意選択のシェル形成を伴う所望の粒径への凝集の後、次に粒子を所望の最終形状に融合してもよい。この融合は、例えば、可塑化を防止するために存在する任意の結晶性樹脂の融点未満であってもよい約55℃から約100℃、約65℃から約75℃の温度に混合物を加熱することによって達成される。より高いまたはより低い温度が使用されてもよいが、温度が使用される樹脂の関数であることは理解される。融合は、約0.1から約9時間、約0.5から約4時間の時間をかけて進行してもよい。
トナー粒子はまた、要望または必要に応じて他の任意選択の添加剤を含んでもよい。例えば、トナーは、トナーの約0.1から約10重量%、約0.5から約7重量%の量で任意の公知の電荷添加剤も含んでもよい。そのような電荷添加剤の例は、アルキルピリジニウムハライド、重硫酸塩、米国特許第3,944,493号明細書、第4,007,293号明細書、第4,079,014号明細書、第4,394,430号明細書および第4,560,635号明細書の電荷制御添加剤、アルミニウム錯体のような負電荷増強添加剤などを含む。
オーバーヘッド撹拌機を装備した1L丸底フラスコに、イソソルビド(25g、171mmol)、続いてテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(500ml)を加えた。混合物を室温で撹拌して透明な溶液を与えた。次いで、トリエチルアミン(59.6ml、428mmol)を加え、0℃で10分間撹拌した。次に、アクリロイルクロリド(34.7ml、428mmol)を60mL滴下漏斗に装填し、冷やした溶液に滴下した。クロリドを加えるにつれて白色の沈殿物が形成された。反応物を室温にゆっくり暖め、一晩撹拌した。翌日、溶媒は真空内で蒸発させ、残留物を5%HCl200mLの洗浄液および酢酸エチル2x200mLの洗浄液で抽出した。酢酸エチル洗浄液を合わせ、MgSO4で乾燥し、溶媒を真空内で除去して金色の刺激性で粘性のある油として11.81gのイソソルビドジアクリラートを与えた(46.5mmol、27.2%の収率)。例えば、米国特許出願公開第2012/0092426号明細書参照。
オーバーヘッド撹拌機を装備した1L丸底フラスコに、イソソルビド(25g、171mmol)、続いてテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(500ml)を加える。混合物を室温で撹拌して透明な溶液を得る。次いで、トリエチルアミン(59.6ml、428mmol)を加え、0℃で10分間撹拌する。次に、メタクリロイルクロリド(39.8ml、428mmol)を60mL滴下漏斗に装填し、冷やした溶液に滴下する。クロリドを加えるにつれて白色の沈殿物が形成される。反応物を室温にゆっくり温め、一晩撹拌する。翌日、溶媒は真空内で蒸発させ、残留物を5%HCl200mLの洗浄液および酢酸エチル2x200mLの洗浄液で抽出する。酢酸エチル洗浄液を合わせ、MgSO4で乾燥し、溶媒を真空内で除去して金色の刺激性で粘性のある油として11.81gのイソソルビドジアクリラートを与えた(46.5mmol、27.2%の収率)。例えば、米国特許出願公開第2012/0092426号明細書参照。
オーバーヘッド撹拌機を装備した1L丸底フラスコに、イソソルビド(25g、171mmol)、続いてTHF(500ml)を加える。混合物を室温で撹拌して透明な溶液を得る。次いで、トリエチルアミン(23.8ml、171mmol)を加え、0℃で10分間撹拌する。次に、アクリロイルクロリド(14.2ml、180mmol)またはメタクリロイルクロリド(16.3ml、180mmol)を60mL滴下漏斗に装填し、冷やした溶液に滴下する。クロリドを加えるにつれて白色の沈殿物が形成される。反応物を室温に温め、一晩撹拌する。翌日、溶媒は真空内で蒸発させ、残留物を5%HCl200mLの洗浄液および酢酸エチル2x200mLの洗浄液で抽出する。酢酸エチル洗浄液を合わせ、MgSO4で乾燥し、溶媒を真空内で除去してNMR(核磁気共鳴)によって測定して約1:1比のエンド/エキソ異性体で構成されるイソソルビドアクリラートまたはメタクリラートを与える。
実施例1、2または3のイソソルビドアクリラート、メタクリラート、ジアクリラートまたはジメタクリラートに由来するポリマー樹脂を、乳化、ミニ乳化、懸濁またはバルク重合によってポリマー樹脂のTgおよび疎水性を制御するためのスチレン、メタクリル酸および/またはジメチルアミノエチルメタクリラートなどのコモノマーを添加し調製する。ジアクリラートモノマーは架橋または分岐を作るために場合によって使用することができる。調製されこのように形成されたポリマー樹脂は、ラテックスの形態をしていなくてもよいが、しかし、場合によって、溶媒相反転乳化もしくは溶媒フラッシュ乳化または無溶媒乳化によってさらに処理してラテックスを形成する。
250mlポリエチレン(PE)瓶に35μmフェライトコア(PowderTech)120グラム、実施例4の乾燥イソソルビドアクリラートポリマーラテックス0.912グラム、および塗膜重量の5重量%のCABOT VULCAN XC72カーボンブラックを加える。次いで、瓶を密封して、C−帯域TURBULA混合機に装入し、45分間運転してキャリアコア粒子上で粉体を分散させる。次に、HAAKE混合機を、200℃(全帯域)、30分のバッチ時間および30RPMに高剪断ローターを用いて設定する。HAAKEが温度に達した後、混合機の回転を開始し、ブレンドはTURBULAからHAAKE混合機へ移す。45分後、キャリアは混合機から取り出し、45μmスクリーンに通してふるいにかける。
機械式撹拌機を装備した2リットル反応器に、水素化ロジン(FORAL AX, Pinova, Inc.、ブランズウィック、ジョージア)644グラム、グリシジルメタクリラート142グラム、テトラエチルアンモニウムブロミド1グラム、およびヒドロキノン0.2グラムを加え、混合物を6時間かけて170℃に加熱する。Rがメチル基である、以下の合成スキームによるメタクリル化ロジンが生じる。
実施例6のメタクリル化ロジンに由来するポリマー樹脂を、乳化、懸濁またはバルク重合によってポリマー樹脂のTgおよび疎水性を制御するためのスチレン、メタクリル酸および/またはジメチルアミノエチルメタクリラートなどのコモノマーを用いて調製する。調製されこのように形成されたポリマー樹脂は、ラテックスの形態をしていなくてもよいが、しかし、場合によって、溶媒相反転乳化もしくは溶媒フラッシュ乳化または無溶媒乳化によってさらに処理してラテックスを形成する。
250mlPE瓶に、35μmフェライトコア(PowderTech)120グラム、実施例7のメタクリル化ロジン乾燥ラテックス0.912グラム、および塗膜重量の5重量%のCABOT VULCAN XC72 カーボンブラックを加える。瓶は密封して、C−帯域TURBULA混合機に装入する。TURBULA混合機を45分間運転してキャリアコア粒子上に粉体を分散させる。次に、HAAKE混合機を実施例5に記載されているように設定し、その後キャリアを45μmスクリーンに通す。
ロジンメタクリラートを含み、約40重量%の固形分装填率を有する実施例7のラテックス約290グラム、および30重量%の固形分装填率を有するパラフィンワックス60グラムを容器中で脱イオン水(DIW)610グラムに加え、約4,000rpmで運転するIKAホモジナイザーを使用して撹拌する。その後、17重量%の固形分装填率を有するシアン色素分散液64グラムを反応器に加え、続いてポリアルミニウムクロリド混合物3.6グラムおよび0.02モル濃度硝酸溶液32.4gを含有する綿状混合物36gを滴下する。綿状混合物を滴下するにつれて、ホモジナイザー速度は5,200rpmに上げ、さらなる5分間均質化する。その後、混合物は毎分1℃で48から55℃の温度に加熱し、コールターカウンターを用いて測定して5μmの平均粒径が得られるまで保持する。加熱時間中、撹拌機は約200から300rpmで運転する。40重量%の固形分装填率を有するロジンメタクリラートラテックス135グラムを反応器混合物に加え、さらなる時間、48から55℃で凝集させ、結果として約5.7μmの体積平均粒径を得る。反応器混合物のpHは水酸化ナトリウム溶液を用いてより高いpHに調節し、続いて40重量%の固形分装填率を有するEDTA4.8グラムを加える。その後、反応器混合物を約93から97℃の温度に毎分1℃で加熱する。次いで、反応器混合物を93から97℃に穏やかに撹拌して粒子の融合を可能にし、約2から4時間球状化して、約0.97から0.98の円形度を得る(シスメックス3000によって測定して)。反応器混合物を毎分1℃の速度で室温に冷やす。混合物は60−65℃に冷やし、pH8−9に塩基で調節し、さらに冷やす。室温に冷やしたら、生成物をふるいにかけ、洗浄し、乾燥して乾燥トナー粒子を生じる。
イソソルビドメタクリラートを含み、約40重量%の固形分装填率を有する実施例4のラテックス約290グラム、および30重量%の固形分装填率を有するパラフィンワックス60グラムを容器中でDIW610グラムに加え、約4,000rpmで運転するIKAホモジナイザーを使用して撹拌する。その後、17重量%の固形分装填率を有するシアン顔料分散液64グラムを反応器に加え、続いてポリアルミニウムクロリド混合物3.6グラムおよび0.02M硝酸溶液32.4グラムを含有する綿状混合物36グラムを滴下する。綿状混合物を滴下するにつれて、ホモジナイザー速度は5,200rpmに上げ、さらなる5分間均質化する。その後、混合物を48から55℃の温度に毎分1℃で加熱し、コールターカウンターを用いて測定して5μmの平均粒径が得られるまで保持する。加熱時間中、撹拌機は約200から300rpmで運転する。40重量%の固形分装填率を有するイソソルビドメタクリラートが含まれるラテックス135グラムを反応器混合物に加え、さらなる時間、48から55℃で凝集させ、結果として約5.7μmの体積平均粒径を得る。反応器混合物のpHは水酸化ナトリウム溶液を用いてより高いpHに調節し、続いて40重量%の固形分装填率を有するEDTA4.8グラムを加える。その後、反応器混合物は約93から97℃の温度に毎分1℃で加熱する。次いで、反応器混合物を93から97℃に穏やかに撹拌して粒子の融合を可能にし、約2から4時間球状化して、約0.97から0.98の円形度を得る(シスメックス3000によって測定して)。反応器混合物を毎分1℃の速度で室温に冷やす。混合物は、60−65℃に冷やし、pH8−9に塩基で調節し、さらに冷やす。室温に冷やしたら、生成物をふるいにかけ、洗浄し、乾燥して乾燥トナー粒子を生じる。
Claims (10)
- バイオ系(メタ)アクリラートモノマー、および場合によってスチレン、アクリルまたはメタクリルモノマーを含み、ここで、前記バイオ系(メタ)アクリラートモノマーはロジンまたはイソソルビド部分を含む樹脂。
- ロジンがガムロジン、ウッドロジンまたはトール油ロジンである、請求項1に記載の樹脂。
- バイオ系(メタ)アクリラートモノマーがイソソルビドを含む、請求項1に記載の樹脂。
- アクリルモノマーが、アクリロイルクロリド(2−プロペノイルクロリド)またはメタクリロイルクロリド(2−メチルプロパ−2−エノイルクロリド)を含む、請求項1に記載の樹脂。
- バイオ系(メタ)アクリラートモノマーが、イソソルビドジアクリラート、イソソルビドアクリラート、イソソルビドメタクリラートおよびイソソルビドジメタクリラートからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の樹脂。
- バイオ系(メタ)アクリラートモノマーがロジンを含む、請求項1に記載の樹脂。
- ロジンが、アビエチン酸、パルストリン酸、デヒドロアビエチン酸、ネオアビエチン酸、レボピマル酸、ピマル酸、サンダラコピマル酸、イソピマル酸、水素化ロジン酸およびその組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の樹脂。
- 請求項1に記載の樹脂を含むトナー粒子。
- 第2の樹脂、色素またはワックスの少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項8に記載のトナー粒子。
- さらにシェルを含む、請求項8に記載のトナー粒子。
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DE102015221010B4 (de) | 2023-12-21 |
US20170082936A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 |
US20160139526A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
US9581924B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
US9983496B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
CA2909942C (en) | 2018-08-28 |
CA2909942A1 (en) | 2016-05-14 |
DE102015221010A1 (de) | 2016-05-19 |
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