JP2016073004A - Protection relay device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a protection relay device in a configuration where a digital input circuit capable of destroying an oxide film covering a contact of a switch is made common between a plurality of power systems at different voltage levels.SOLUTION: A protection relay device 1 includes: a digital input processing part 90 which is connected to an external DC power source E via a switch SW including a mechanical contact, compares a binary voltage inputted in response to opening/closing the switch SW with a threshold voltage Vth that is set in accordance with a voltage of the external DC power source E, and outputs a comparison result as a digital signal; and a CPU 32 which outputs a cutoff command to a circuit breaker by discriminating a state of a power system on the basis of the digital signal. The digital input processing part 90 includes: conversion circuits 53 and 54 which are electrically connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the external DC power source E by closing the switch SW and convert a current that is supplied from the external DC power source E via the switch SW, into a binary voltage; and a constant current circuit 100 which is connected in parallel to the conversion circuits 53 and 54 and makes a constant current flow.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a protective relay device, and more particularly, to an input circuit of a protective relay device that can handle a plurality of power systems having different voltage classes.

  Collects information such as current and voltage from the power system (hereinafter referred to as grid power), detects an accident when the power system or power facility has an accident, and disconnects the accident from the power system Therefore, a protective relay device is used.

  In the protective relay device, automatic monitoring for continuously monitoring the state of the protective device is performed in order to diagnose whether or not the protective device of the power system is normal. In this automatic monitoring, the protective relay device collects on / off information (for example, switching information of switches such as circuit breakers and disconnecting switches) of the protective device to be monitored, and the protective device is based on the collected on / off information. Check the status of.

  In the case of a digital protective relay device, as an automatic monitoring function, a digital input circuit is provided for taking on / off information of a protective device, converting the taken information into a digital signal, and inputting the digital signal to a microcomputer. This digital input circuit is connected to a DC power source provided in the electric station via a switch. The switch is composed of a relay having a mechanical contact or the like, and its opening / closing is controlled in accordance with a signal indicating on / off information of the protection device. When the switch is closed, a DC voltage from a DC power source is input to the digital input circuit. The digital input circuit converts the input DC voltage into a digital signal and transmits it to the microcomputer. The digital input circuit can transmit the input DC voltage to the microcomputer while electrically insulating the input side and the output side by using a photocoupler (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In the digital input circuit described above, an oxide film is formed on the surface of the contact by repeatedly opening and closing the switch. If the surface of the contact is covered with this oxide film, contact failure of the contact may occur.

  As a technique for destroying the oxide film generated on the contact surface, there is a technique for melting the oxide film covering the contact by passing a large current when the contact is closed (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 to 4). For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-294341 (Patent Document 2) discloses a capacitor in a contact input circuit in which a current limiting resistor, a photocoupler, and a contact are connected in series to a DC power source, and the circuit is opened and closed by the contact. By connecting a circuit in parallel with the resistor in series with the current limiting resistor, the current value at the moment when the contact is closed becomes a current value that can melt the oxide film covering the contact. Techniques for increasing are disclosed.

  Further, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-112310 (Patent Document 3), a switching circuit is provided in series with a contact input circuit, and the switching circuit is turned on for a predetermined time when the contact state is read. A technique for melting an oxide film by applying a voltage to a contact is disclosed.

  Further, JP-A-58-96423 (Patent Document 4) discloses a high voltage for destroying an oxide film formed at a contact, in addition to the first power source for operating the photodiode of the photocoupler. A technique for providing a second power source to be applied is disclosed.

JP 2008-205920 A JP-A-9-294341 JP-A-11-112310 JP 58-96423 A

  In the above-described digital protective relay device, the magnitude of the DC voltage input to the digital input circuit is determined by the DC power supply voltage of the electric station where the protective relay device is installed. Since the DC power supply voltage of an electric station is usually generated using the system voltage in the electric station, it takes a different value for each voltage class of the electric power system.

  Thus, since the voltage class of the power system is diverse, in order to realize a technique for destroying the oxide film covering the contact as described above, the value of the circuit component element is set according to the DC power supply voltage. It is necessary to make adjustments, and it is necessary to create a digital input circuit for each voltage class. For this reason, the problem that the manufacturing cost and management cost of a protective relay apparatus will increase arises.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a digital input circuit capable of destroying an oxide film covering a switch contact in a protective relay device. This is realized by a common configuration among a plurality of power systems having different voltage classes.

  The protective relay device according to the present invention is connected to an external DC power source through a switch having an analog input processing unit that takes in an electric quantity of a power system and outputs it as a first digital signal, and a mechanical contact. A digital input processing unit that compares a binary voltage input in response to the opening / closing of the signal and a threshold voltage set in accordance with the voltage of the external DC power supply, and outputs the comparison result as a second digital signal; And a controller that outputs a shut-off command to the switch by determining the state of the power system based on the digital signal and the second digital signal. The digital input processing unit is electrically connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the external DC power source when the switch is closed, and converts the current supplied from the external DC power source via the switch into a binary voltage; And a constant current circuit that is connected in parallel to the conversion circuit and flows a constant current.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a digital input circuit capable of destroying the oxide film covering the contact of the switch with a common configuration among a plurality of power systems having different voltage classes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a whole block diagram of the protection relay apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the digital input process part in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the electric current which flows through a closed circuit, when a switch is an ON state. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of 90 A of digital input process parts in the protection relay apparatus by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a timing chart for demonstrating operation | movement of the digital input process part by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a timing chart for demonstrating operation | movement of the digital input process part by Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the digital input process part in the protection relay apparatus 1B by Embodiment 4 of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the same or corresponding parts in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
(Overall configuration of protective relay device)
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a protective relay device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 1, a protective relay device 1 according to the first embodiment is a digital protective relay device, and is installed in an electric station (substation). The protective relay device 1 collects current and voltage information (system electrical quantity) from the transmission lines 5 constituting the power system, and protects and controls the power system based on the collected system electrical quantity.

  In addition to the protective relay 1, the electrical station has a current transformer (CT) 2, a voltage transformer (VT) 3, and a circuit breaker (CB) 4. , And an auxiliary transformer 10 are installed. CT2 measures the current flowing through the power transmission line 5. The instrument transformer VT measures the voltage generated in the transmission line 5. Information on the current and voltage (system electrical quantity) measured by CT2 and VT3 is input to the protective relay device 1 via the auxiliary transformer 10. The auxiliary transformer 10 takes in the grid electric quantity from CT2 and VT3, converts it into a smaller quantity of electricity, and outputs it to the protective relay device 1.

  CB4 is shown as a typical example of a switch. In addition to CB4, the switch includes a disconnector LS (Line Switch) not shown.

  The protection relay device 1 executes necessary calculations such as a protection relay calculation using the collected grid electricity quantity, and detects the occurrence of a grid fault. And the protection relay apparatus 1 will output the interruption | blocking command (trip signal) with respect to a switch, if an accident is detected in the power transmission line 5. FIG. Specifically, the protective relay device 1 includes an analog input processing unit 20, a control unit 40, an output unit 40, a digital input processing unit 90, and a switch 92.

  The analog input processing unit 20 converts the grid electricity output from the auxiliary transformer 10 from analog data to digital data. Specifically, the analog input processing unit 20 includes filters 21 and 23, sample and hold (SH) circuits 24 and 25, a multiplexer 26, and an analog / digital (A / D) converter 27. Including. The filters 21 and 23 are analog low-pass filters, and remove noise components from the current and voltage waveform signals output from the auxiliary transformer 10. The outputs of the filters 21 and 23 are input to the SH circuits 24 and 25, respectively.

  The SH circuits 24 and 25 respectively sample the current and voltage waveform signals output from the filters 21 and 23 at a predetermined sampling period. The multiplexer 26 sequentially switches the waveform signals input from the SH circuits 24 and 25 based on the timing signal input from the control unit 30 and inputs the waveform signals to the A / D converter 27. The A / D converter 27 converts the waveform signal input from the multiplexer 26 from analog data to digital data. The A / D converter 27 outputs the digitally converted waveform signal (digital data) to the control unit 30.

  The control unit 30 performs overall control of the operation of the protective relay device 1. The control unit 30 is configured mainly with a microcomputer. Specifically, the control unit 30 includes a storage unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 32, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 33, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) 34, an input / output interface (I / F) 35, A DO (digital output) circuit 36 and a peripheral I / F circuit 37 are included. These are connected by a system bus 31. The control unit 30 performs overall control of the operation of the protective relay device 1 by causing the CPU 32 to read the program stored in the ROM 33 in advance into the RAM 34 and execute it.

  Specifically, digital data from the analog input processing unit 20 is taken into the CPU 32 via the system bus 31. The CPU 32 calculates the input digital data according to an algorithm (a determination program for the protective relay device 1) stored in the ROM 33. If the calculated value exceeds the set value, the CPU 32 generates a trip signal from the DO circuit 36 to the output unit 40. The output unit 40 generates a cutoff command in response to the trip signal from the DO circuit 36.

  The digital input processing unit 90 receives a digital input signal that is a signal indicating on / off information of the protection device. FIG. 1 shows a digital input signal indicating opening / closing information of CB4 as an example of a digital input signal indicating on / off information of the protection device. The digital input signal is a signal binarized into an H (logic high) level and an L (logic low) level.

  The digital input processing unit 90 generates an on / off signal indicating opening / closing information of the CB 4 based on the digital input signal supplied from the CB 4. The digital input processing unit 90 transmits the generated on / off signal to the system bus 31 via the peripheral I / F circuit 37. The CPU 32 detects a malfunction on the malfunction side by constantly monitoring the output of the protective relay device 1 based on the on / off signal supplied from the system bus 31.

(Configuration of digital input processor)
Hereinafter, a specific configuration of the digital input processing unit 90 will be described. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the digital input processing unit 90 in FIG. In FIG. 2, for the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that the digital input processing unit 90 has one input channel, and this input channel receives a digital input signal from CB4 (FIG. 1). In FIG. 2, only the digital input processing unit 90 and the CPU 32 of the control unit 30 are shown as components of the protective relay device 1, but the protective relay device 1 includes the analog relay shown in FIG. It will be described in a definite manner that the input processing unit 20 and other elements other than the CPU 32 of the control unit 30, the output unit 40, and the switch 92 are further provided.

  Referring to FIG. 2, the digital input processing unit 90 is connected to a DC power source E installed in an electric station through external input terminals 51 and 52 provided in the protective relay device 1. The power supply voltage Vdc of the DC power supply E shows different voltage values depending on the voltage class of the power system. For example, the power supply voltage Vdc takes values such as 48V, 110V, and 220V. The positive electrode of the DC power supply E is connected to the external input terminal 51, and the negative electrode of the DC power supply E is connected to the external input terminal 52. The negative electrode of DC power supply E is further connected to ground node GND.

  A switch SW is provided between the positive electrode of the DC power supply E and the external input terminal 51. For example, a relay having a mechanical contact is used as the switch SW. The switch SW is controlled to a closed state (on state) or an open state (off state) in accordance with a digital input signal from the CB4. Specifically, the digital input signal is at an H (logic high) level when CB4 is closed, and is at an L (logic low) level when CB4 is open. The switch SW is in a closed state (on state) in response to an H level digital input signal, and is in an open state (off state) in response to an L level digital input signal. That is, the switch SW is controlled to be on when the CB4 is on, and the switch SW is controlled to be off when the CB4 is off. In this way, the switch SW opens and closes in conjunction with the opening and closing operation of CB4.

  When the switch SW is controlled to be on, the power supply voltage Vdc of the DC power supply E is input to the digital input processing unit 90 via the external input terminal 51. The digital input processing unit 90 generates an on / off signal indicating the open / closed state of the CB 4 based on the input DC voltage Vin input to the external input terminal 51.

  Specifically, the digital input processing unit 90 includes resistance elements 53 and 54, a comparator 55, a threshold setting circuit 56, a photocoupler 57, pull-up resistance elements 58 and 59, and a constant current circuit 100. Including.

  The resistance elements 53 and 54 are connected in series between the external input terminal 51 and the external input terminal 52 in this order. The resistance elements 53 and 54 constitute a voltage dividing circuit. The voltage dividing circuit divides the input DC voltage Vin by the resistance elements 53 and 54 and outputs a divided voltage Vdiv. The input DC voltage Vin takes two values, a high voltage level (corresponding to the power supply voltage Vdc) and a low voltage level (corresponding to the ground voltage) according to the on / off state of the switch SW. Therefore, the divided voltage Vdiv is also a binarized voltage according to the input DC voltage Vin.

  A connection node (corresponding to an output terminal of the voltage dividing circuit) between the resistance element 53 and the resistance element 54 is connected to a non-inverting input terminal (+ terminal) of the comparator 55. The threshold voltage Vth generated by the threshold setting circuit 56 is input to the inverting input terminal (− terminal) of the comparator 55.

  The comparator 55 compares the divided voltage Vdiv output from the voltage dividing circuit with the threshold voltage Vth and outputs a comparison result. When the divided voltage Vdiv exceeds the threshold voltage Vth, the output signal of the comparator 55 becomes H level.

  The photocoupler 57 generates an on / off signal indicating the open / closed state of the CB 4 based on the output signal of the comparator 55. Specifically, the photocoupler 57 includes a photodiode 57a and a phototransistor 57b. The anode terminal of the photodiode 57 a is connected to the operating power supply 60 through the pull-up resistor element 58. The cathode terminal of the photodiode 57 a is connected to the output terminal of the comparator 55. The collector terminal of the phototransistor 57b is connected to the operating power supply 91 via the pull-up resistor element 59, and the emitter terminal is connected to the signal ground SG. The photocoupler 57 generates an on / off signal at the collector terminal of the phototransistor 57b, and outputs the generated on / off signal to the CPU 32. The operating power supply 60 and the operating power supply 91 are power supply voltages generated by stepping down the power supply voltage Vdc of the DC power supply E in the substation. However, the operating power supply 91 has a lower power supply voltage than the operating power supply 60.

  In the above configuration, when the comparator 55 outputs an H level output signal, that is, when the divided voltage Vdiv exceeds the threshold voltage Vth, the photodiode 57a and the phototransistor 57b are turned off. Therefore, the output signal (ON / OFF signal) of the photocoupler 57 becomes H level. On the other hand, when the comparator 55 outputs an L-level output signal, that is, when the divided voltage Vdiv is equal to or lower than the threshold voltage Vth, the photodiode 57a and the phototransistor 57b are in a conductive state, so that the photocoupler 57 Output signal (ON / OFF signal) becomes L level.

  As described above, the ON / OFF signal output from the digital input processing unit 90 becomes the H level when the divided voltage Vdiv exceeds the threshold voltage Vth, and becomes the L level when the divided voltage Vdiv becomes equal to or lower than the threshold voltage Vth. That is, the photocoupler 57 constitutes a transmission unit for transmitting the output signal of the comparator 55 to the CPU 32 while being electrically insulated.

(Configuration of threshold setting circuit 56)
The magnitude of the divided voltage Vdiv changes according to the input DC voltage Vin. The input DC voltage Vin becomes the power supply voltage Vdc of the DC power supply E when the switch SW is in the on state (= CB4 is in the on state), and becomes the ground voltage when the switch SW is in the off state (= CB4 is in the off state). That is, when the input DC voltage Vin is switched to the power supply voltage Vdc or the ground voltage according to the open / close state of the switch SW (= open / close state of CB4), the on / off signal output from the digital input processing unit 90 is H level or L level. Switch to. Therefore, the CPU 32 can acquire the opening / closing information of the CB 4 based on the on / off signal.

  On the other hand, since the power supply voltage Vdc of the DC power supply E varies depending on the voltage class of the power system, it is necessary to create a threshold setting circuit for each voltage class in order to generate an on / off signal from the input DC voltage Vin. Incurs increased costs and administrative costs.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the threshold voltage Vth generated by the threshold setting circuit 56 can be switched according to the voltage class. As a result, a common threshold setting circuit is realized among a plurality of voltage classes. Specifically, the threshold setting circuit 56 is configured to be able to generate m (m is an integer of 2 or more) threshold voltages Vth_1 to Vth_m. The m threshold voltages Vth_1 to Vth_m have different voltage values. The threshold setting circuit 56 switches and outputs the threshold voltages Vth_1 to Vth_m according to the control signals SIG1 to SIGm from the CPU 32.

  As an example, the CPU 32 obtains a relationship between the power supply voltage Vdc of the DC power supply E and the threshold voltage Vth in advance, and stores the corresponding relationship in advance in the ROM 33 as a map or a relational expression. The CPU 32 calculates the threshold voltage Vth corresponding to the power supply voltage Vdc of the DC power supply E with reference to the map or the relational expression, and based on the calculated threshold voltage Vth, among the m control signals SIG1 to SIGm. One control signal SIGi (i is an integer from 1 to m) is selected and set to the H level (active state). On the other hand, the CPU 32 sets the remaining (m−1) control signals to the L level (inactive state). Upon receiving the control signal SIGi activated to the H level, the threshold setting circuit 56 selects the threshold voltage Vth_i corresponding to the control signal SIGi and outputs it as the threshold voltage Vth to the inverting input terminal of the comparator 55.

(Configuration of constant current circuit 100)
In the configuration described above, when the switch SW is in the on state (= CB4 is in the off state), a closed circuit is formed between the DC power source E, the switch SW, and the voltage dividing circuit including the resistance elements 53 and 54, and the DC A current flows from the power source E to the voltage dividing circuit via the switch SW. The voltage dividing circuit can function as a “conversion circuit” that converts a current supplied from the DC power supply E into a divided voltage Vdiv and outputs the divided voltage Vdiv.

  In the voltage dividing circuit described above, if a large current such as a surge current is generated when the switch SW is opened and closed, it may become noise and cause the digital input processing unit 90 to malfunction. Further, the comparator 55 may be damaged by the surge current. In order to suppress such a surge current and to reduce the power supply voltage Vdc to the rated input voltage value of the comparator 55, elements having a high resistance value of about several kΩ are used for the resistance elements 53 and 54. Is done. Thereby, the current flowing through the closed circuit is limited to a minute current of about several mA.

  On the other hand, the current flowing through the closed circuit decreases as the resistance values of the resistance elements 53 and 54 are increased. When a relay having a mechanical contact is used as the switch SW, the contact of the relay is oxidized by repeatedly opening and closing the switch SW, and an oxide film is formed on the surface of the contact. If the current flowing through the closed circuit becomes small as described above and falls below the current value that can melt the oxide film on the contact surface, it becomes difficult to destroy the oxide film when the switch SW is turned on. May lead to poor contact.

  If a contact failure occurs in the switch SW, the digital input processing unit 90 cannot accurately capture the digital input signal transmitted from the CB4, and thus may generate an erroneous on / off signal. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal operation of the digital input processing unit 90, the current flowing through the closed circuit composed of the DC power source E, the switch SW and the voltage dividing circuit is destroyed by the oxide film covering the contact surface of the switch SW. It is necessary to adjust the current value to be possible. For this purpose, for each power supply voltage Vdc of the DC power supply E, that is, for each voltage class of the power system, the resistance elements 53 and 54 constituting the voltage dividing circuit are melted while suppressing the surge current. It is required to set an appropriate resistance value. As a result, similar to the threshold setting circuit described above, it is necessary to create a voltage dividing circuit for each voltage class.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a constant current circuit 100 for supplying a constant current is connected between the input terminals of the voltage dividing circuit. In other words, the constant current circuit 100 is connected to the DC power supply E in parallel with the voltage dividing circuit in a closed circuit including the DC power supply E, the switch SW, and the voltage dividing circuit. The constant current circuit 100 adds a constant current to the current flowing from the voltage dividing circuit toward the switch SW. As a result, a current having a current value capable of destroying the oxide film covering the contact surface can be supplied to the switch SW. As a result, since it is not necessary to adjust the resistance value of the voltage dividing circuit for each voltage class of the power system, it is possible to share the voltage dividing circuit among a plurality of voltage classes.

  Hereinafter, a specific configuration of the constant current circuit 100 will be described. 2 and 3 show an example of the configuration of the constant current circuit 100. FIG.

  The constant current circuit 100 includes a varistor (voltage nonlinear resistor) 101, a pull-up resistor element 102, a diode 103, a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) 104, and a resistor element 105.

  The diode 103, the MOSFET 104, and the resistance element 105 are connected in series between the external input terminal 51 and the external input terminal 52 in this order. Specifically, the anode of the diode 103 is connected to the external input terminal 51, and the cathode of the diode 103 is connected to the drain of the MOSFET 104. The source of the MOSFET 104 is connected to the external input terminal 52 via the resistance element 105. The gate of MOSFET 104 is connected to operating power supply 60 through pull-up resistor element 102. The varistor 101 is connected between the external input terminal 51 and the source of the MOSFET 104.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the current flowing through the voltage dividing circuit and the constant current circuit when the switch SW is in the ON state.

  Referring to FIG. 3, when the switch SW is in the ON state, the current flowing through the voltage dividing circuit composed of the resistance elements 53 and 54 is I1, and the current flowing through the constant current circuit 100 is I2.

  The voltage dividing circuit outputs a voltage α · Vin obtained by dividing the input DC voltage Vin by a voltage dividing ratio α. The voltage dividing ratio α of the voltage dividing circuit is expressed by using the resistance values R1 and R2 of the resistance elements 53 and 54. The partial pressure ratio α is equal to R2 / (R1 + R2). A current I1 flowing through the voltage dividing circuit is expressed by Vin / (R1 + R2).

  In the constant current circuit 100, a voltage obtained by subtracting the gate-source voltage Vgs of the MOSFET 104 from the operating power supply voltage of the operating power supply 60 is applied to the resistance element 105. When the operating power supply voltage is Vdc1 and the resistance value of the resistance element 105 is R3, the current I2 flowing through the resistance element 105 is expressed by (Vdc1-Vgs) / R3.

  In the constant current circuit 100, the diode 103 is installed as a measure against reverse connection of the DC power source E. The varistor 101 is provided to protect the MOSFET 104 from the impulse voltage when an impulse voltage is applied between the external input terminals 51 and 52.

  With the above configuration, when the switch SW is in the ON state, the total current (= I1 + I2) of the current I1 and the current I2 flows to the switch SW. As described above, from the viewpoint of suppressing the surge current, the current I1 is adjusted to a minute current of about several tens of μA when the input voltage is set to the wide range minimum input voltage. By adjusting the current I2 to a current value of several mA, which is sufficiently larger than the current I1, the switch SW has a current value that is large enough to melt the oxide film covering the contact surface. Can flow. As a result, the digital input processing unit 90 can generate an accurate on / off signal based on the digital input signal given from the CB 4.

  In the first embodiment, in the constant current circuit 100, a MOSFET is shown as a representative example of an element for driving a constant current to the resistance element 105. However, a voltage driven element other than the MOSFET is used for the element. Describe the points that can be confirmed.

(Function and effect)
As described above, according to the protection relay device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the current supplied from the DC power supply via the switch is divided in parallel with the voltage dividing circuit that converts the voltage and outputs it. By providing the current circuit, it is possible to suppress the surge current from flowing through the voltage dividing circuit when the switch is opened and closed, and to destroy the oxide film covering the contact surface of the switch while reducing the input voltage Vdc. . Thus, normal operation of the digital input processing unit can be ensured.

  Further, since the constant current circuit adds a constant current to the current from the voltage dividing circuit to the switch, the voltage dividing circuit can be shared among a plurality of voltage classes. Thereby, since the digital input processing unit can easily cope with various voltage classes, the manufacturing cost and management cost of the protective relay device can be reduced.

  Furthermore, since the digital input processing unit capable of dealing with various voltage classes can be realized with a small and simple configuration, it is possible to prevent the protective relay device from increasing in size.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the first embodiment, the configuration in which the constant current circuit 100 adds the constant current I2 to the current I1 from the voltage dividing circuit to the switch SW has been described. However, the oxidation covering the contact surface of the switch SW Although the film can be destroyed, the constant current circuit 100 continues to flow the constant current I2 regardless of the presence or absence of the oxide film, and thus there is a possibility that power is wasted. In other words, if the oxide film on the contact surface of the switch SW is broken, it is advantageous not to use the constant current circuit 100 in terms of increasing the operation efficiency of the protective relay device.

  In the second embodiment, a configuration of a digital input processing unit capable of improving the operation efficiency of the protective relay device will be described. Since the overall configuration of protective relay device 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of FIG. 1, detailed description will not be repeated. The schematic configuration of the digital input processing unit 90A is the same as that of FIG. 2 except for the circuit configuration of the constant current circuit 100A, and therefore detailed description will not be repeated.

  FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of digital input processing unit 90A in protective relay device 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 4, digital input processing unit 90 </ b> A is obtained by providing constant current circuit 100 </ b> A instead of constant current circuit 100 in digital input processing unit 90 shown in FIG. 2. The constant current circuit 100A has basically the same configuration as the constant current circuit 100 shown in FIG. However, the constant current circuit 100A is different from the constant current circuit 100 in that the transistor 106 is included.

  The transistor 106 is an NPN transistor, and has a collector connected to the gate of the MOSFET 104, an emitter connected to the external input terminal 52, and a base connected to the CPU 32. On / off of the transistor 106 is controlled by a control signal CNT input from the CPU 32 to the base.

  Specifically, the transistor 106 is turned on in response to an H level control signal CNT. As a result, the gate of the MOSFET 104 is connected to the external input terminal 52 (ground voltage) via the transistor 106. In this case, since the MOSFET 104 is turned off, the constant current I2 does not flow through the resistance element 105 even when the switch SW is turned on. That is, the constant current circuit 100A is set to an “invalid” state in which the constant current I2 cannot be driven in accordance with the H level control signal CNT.

  On the other hand, the transistor 106 is turned off in response to the L level control signal CNT. When the transistor 106 is turned off, the gate of the MOSFET 104 is electrically disconnected from the external input terminal 52 (ground voltage). Therefore, MOSFET 104 is turned on, and constant current I2 flows through resistance element 105 when switch SW is turned on. That is, the constant current circuit 100A is set to an “valid” state capable of driving the constant current I2 in accordance with the L level control signal CNT.

  Thus, the constant current circuit 100A is set to either valid or invalid according to the control signal CNT from the CPU 32. In other words, the CPU 32 implements a “setting unit” for setting whether to enable or disable the constant current circuit 100A.

  In the present embodiment, the CPU 32 sets whether to activate or deactivate the constant current circuit 100A according to the open / close state of the switch SW. Specifically, the CPU 32 monitors the open / close state of the switch SW based on an on / off signal given from the digital input processor 90A. When the switch SW is normal, as described in the first embodiment, when the CB4 is in the closed state (= when the digital input signal is at the H level), the switch SW is in the closed state (on state). Be controlled. On the other hand, when CB4 is in the open state (= when the digital input signal is at the L level), the switch SW is controlled to be in the open state (off state). The on / off signal generated by the digital processing unit 90A is at the H level when the switch SW is in the on state, and is at the L level when the switch SW is in the off state.

  The CPU 32 determines whether the switch SW is on or off based on the on / off signal from the digital input processor 90A. When it is determined that the switch SW is in the OFF state, the CPU 32 generates an L level control signal CNT. When the transistor 106 is turned off in response to the L level control signal CNT, the constant current circuit 100A is effectively set.

  Here, when the switch SW is turned off, the contact surface of the switch SW is covered with an oxide film even though the digital input signal is at the L level and the digital input signal is at the H level. It is assumed that poor contact has occurred. In the former case, since a closed circuit is not formed between the DC power source E and the voltage dividing circuit, even if the constant current circuit 100A is set to be effective, the currents I1 and I2 do not flow.

  On the other hand, in the latter case, the total current of the current I1 and the current I2 flows through the switch SW by effectively setting the constant current circuit 100A. Thereby, the oxide film covering the surface of the contact of the switch SW is destroyed and the contact failure is eliminated, so that the switch SW can be returned to the on state.

  After effectively setting the constant current circuit 100A, the CPU 32 switches the control signal CNT from the L level to the H level when the switch SW is changed from the OFF state to the ON state by eliminating the contact failure. As a result, the constant current circuit 100A is set to be invalid, and only the current I1 flows through the switch SW. When the switch SW is in the on state, it can be determined that the contact surface of the switch SW is not covered with an oxide film and is in a normal state. Therefore, in such a case, wasteful power consumption can be suppressed by disabling the constant current circuit 100A.

  The operation of the digital input processing unit 90A based on the control structure as described above will be described with reference to FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 5, a case is assumed where CB4 changes from the open state to the closed state at time t1, and then CB4 changes from the closed state to the open state at time t8.

  At time t1, the digital input signal changes from L level to H level in response to the change of CB4 from the open state to the closed state. In response to the digital input signal, the switch SW is switched from the off state to the on state.

  The digital input processing unit 90A generates an on / off signal based on the digital input signal. The generated on / off signal changes from the L level to the H level at time t1. The CPU 32 determines whether the switch SW is on or off based on the on / off signal output from the digital input processor 90A, and determines whether the constant current circuit 100A is enabled or disabled based on the determination result. Set.

  Specifically, the CPU 32 determines that the switch SW is in the off state based on the L level on / off signal before time t1. When the switch SW is in an OFF state, the CPU 32 sets the constant current circuit 100A to be valid by generating an L level control signal CNT. As a result, when the switch SW is switched on at time t1, a constant current I2 flows through the constant current circuit 100A. Therefore, the total current (= I1 + I2) of the currents I1 and I2 flowing through the voltage dividing circuit flows to the switch SW.

  The CPU 32 switches the control signal CNT from the L level to the H level at a time t2 when a predetermined period T1 (first period) has elapsed after the switch SW is turned on. This period T1 is set to a length sufficient to melt the oxide film covering the contact surface of the switch SW. In response to the control signal CNT becoming H level, the constant current circuit 100A is set invalid. Therefore, after time t2, the current flowing through the switch SW is only the current I1 flowing through the voltage dividing circuit.

  Here, it is assumed that contact failure occurs at time t3 after time t2 due to the oxide film covering the contact surface of the switch SW. In this case, since the switch SW changes to the off state, the current flowing through the switch SW becomes zero. When the switch SW is turned off, the on / off signal generated by the digital input processor 90A changes from H level to L level.

  The CPU 32 may erroneously determine that the CB 4 has been opened based on the change in the on / off signal. This may cause a malfunction of the protective relay device 1A. In order to avoid such a problem, when the switch SW changes to the OFF state at time t3, the CPU 32 switches the control signal CNT from the H level to the L level. At time t4 after time t3, the constant current circuit 100A is set to be effective in response to the H level control signal CNT. As a result, the current flowing through the switch SW increases from 0 to the total current (= I1 + I2) of the current I1 and the current I2. As the current increases, the oxide film on the contact surface is destroyed, so that the switch SW returns to the ON state at time t5.

  Note that a period T2 (second period) from time t3 when the switch SW is turned off to time t4 when the constant current circuit 100A is effectively set is a period sufficiently shorter than the above-described period T1. As described above, when the switch SW is changed to the OFF state due to the oxide film on the contact surface, the constant current circuit 100A is set to be effective immediately after the switch SW is turned off, so that the oxide film can be obtained in a short time. And the switch SW can be returned to the on state.

  The CPU 32 invalidates the on / off determination result of the switch SW from the time t4 when the constant current circuit 100A is set to be valid until the time t6 when the predetermined period T3 (third period) elapses. That is, the CPU 32 does not determine whether the CB4 is open or closed during the period T3. This period T3 is set to a time longer than the time required to destroy the oxide film on the contact surface of the switch SW.

  As described above, when the switch SW is turned off due to poor contact, the switch SW returns to the on state after the constant current circuit 100A is set to be valid. However, immediately after the switch SW changes to the off state, it cannot be distinguished whether a contact failure of the switch SW has occurred or whether the digital input signal has changed to the L level. For this reason, a mismatch occurs between the ON / OFF signal output from the digital input processing unit 90A and the actual open / close state of the CB4, which may cause a malfunction of the protective relay device. Therefore, after effectively setting the constant current circuit 100A, the CPU 32 waits for a time required for the switch SW to return to the on state, and then determines whether the CB4 is open or closed based on the on / off signal. Thereby, malfunctioning of the protective relay device can be prevented.

  The CPU 32 switches the control signal CNT from the L level to the H level at the time t7 when the period T1 (first period) has elapsed from the time t5 when the switch SW is turned on. In response to the control signal CNT becoming H level, the constant current circuit 100A is set to invalid again. After the switch SW returns to a normal state, wasteful power consumption can be suppressed by disabling the constant current circuit 100A.

  When the digital input signal changes from the H level to the L level at time t8, the switch SW is switched from the on state to the off state. When the CPU 32 switches the control signal CNT from the H level to the L level, the constant current circuit 100A is set to be effective at time t9. In this case, since no closed circuit is formed between the DC power source E and the voltage dividing circuit, no current flows through the switch SW. As described above, the CPU 32 invalidates the determination result of the on / off state of the switch SW until the period T3 (third period) elapses after the constant current circuit 100A is set to be valid. Therefore, the CPU 32 determines that the CB4 is in the open state at the time t10 when the time T3 has elapsed from the time t9 when the constant current circuit 100A is effectively set.

(Function and effect)
As described above, according to the protective relay device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, the oxide film covering the contact surface is melted by effectively setting the constant current circuit when the switch is opened. A current having a current value that can be generated can be supplied to the switch. Furthermore, when the switch changes to the closed state after the constant current circuit is set to be effective, the constant current circuit is set to be ineffective, so that it is possible to prevent power consumption by the constant current circuit. In this way, the constant current circuit is effectively used to destroy the oxide film on the contact surface of the switch. Therefore, it is possible to suppress wasteful power consumption rather than constantly supplying a constant current to the constant current circuit. it can. As a result, the operating efficiency of the protective relay device can be improved.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
In the second embodiment described above, the configuration for setting whether to enable or disable the constant current circuit according to the open / close state of the switch SW has been described. By periodically providing a period for setting the circuit invalid, the power consumption of the constant current circuit may be substantially suppressed. In the third embodiment of the present invention, a configuration for duty-controlling a constant current circuit will be described.

  Since the overall configuration of the protective relay device according to the third embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of FIG. 1, detailed description will not be repeated. The circuit configurations of the digital input processing unit and the constant current circuit are the same as those of digital input processing unit 90A and constant current circuit 100A in FIG. 4, respectively, and therefore detailed description will not be repeated.

  FIG. 6 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the digital input processor according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 6, constant current circuit 100 </ b> A (FIG. 4) is set to either valid or invalid according to control signal CNT from CPU 32. Specifically, the constant current circuit 100A is set valid according to the control signal CNT at the H level and set invalid according to the control signal CNT at the L level.

  The CPU 32 periodically provides a period during which the constant current circuit 100A is set to be valid and a period during which the constant current circuit 100A is set to be invalid. A period ton in the figure indicates a period during which the constant current circuit 100A is set to be effective according to the L level control signal CNT. A period toff in the figure indicates a period during which the constant current circuit 100A is set to be invalid according to the H level control signal CNT. Note that the duty ratio, which is the time ratio of the period ton with respect to the control cycle of the constant current circuit 100A, is represented by ton / (ton + toff).

  In the present embodiment, whether to enable or disable constant current circuit 100A is set according to a preset duty ratio. Thereby, when the digital input signal is at the H level, the total current (= I1 + I2) of the current I1 and the current I2 flows to the switch SW in the period ton. On the other hand, only the current I1 flows through the switch SW in the period toff.

  The period ton in which the constant current circuit 100A is effectively set is set to a length that can melt the oxide film covering the contact surface of the switch SW by the total current of the current I1 and the current I2, for example. Thereby, since the oxide film produced on the contact surface of the switch SW is periodically destroyed, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of contact failure. Further, after destroying the oxide film on the contact surface of the switch SW, the constant current circuit 100A is set to be invalid, so that wasteful power consumption can be suppressed.

  Furthermore, when the constant current circuit 100A is configured to keep a constant current flowing, the MOSFET 104 inside the constant current circuit 100A can generate heat. If the temperature of the MOSFET 104 exceeds the allowable temperature, there is a possibility that the MOSFET 104 and its peripheral parts are deteriorated or damaged. According to the present embodiment, constant current circuit 100A is controlled to periodically flow a constant current in accordance with the duty ratio, so that heat generation of MOSFET 104 can be suppressed.

(Function and effect)
As described above, according to the protective relay device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, the oxide film generated on the contact surface of the switch can be periodically destroyed by periodically setting the constant current circuit to be effective. it can. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to suppress wasteful power consumption while preventing the occurrence of contact failure of the switch, as compared with a constant current circuit configured to constantly flow a constant current. . As a result, the operating efficiency of the protective relay device can be improved.

  In this embodiment, the length of the period ton for setting the constant current circuit to be effective, the length of the period toff for setting the constant current circuit to be invalid, and the duty ratio (= ton / (ton + toff)) are the protection relay device. Can be variably set in consideration of the environment in which the switch is installed, the voltage class of the power system, the structure of the switch SW, and the like. For example, these values may be set based on the rate at which an oxide film is formed on the contact surface of the switch SW.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
In the first to third embodiments described above, the configuration of the single-channel input digital input processing unit has been described. However, in the case of a digital input processing unit having a plurality of input channels, each corresponds to a plurality of input DC voltages. Multiple constant current circuits, comparators and threshold voltages are required. In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the configuration of a digital input processing unit having a plurality of input channels will be described.

  The protection relay device 1B according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention receives n (n is a natural number of 2 or more) external input terminals 51_1 to 51_n and DC input voltages Vin1 to Vinn from the external input terminals 51_1 to 51_n. And a digital input processing unit 90B. Since the overall configuration of protection relay device 1B is the same as that of FIG. 1 except for digital input processing unit 90B, detailed description will not be repeated.

  FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of digital input processing unit 90B in protective relay device 1B according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 7, the digital input processing unit 90B includes a direct current installed in an electric station through n external input terminals 51_1 to 51_n and an external input terminal 52 provided in the protective relay device 1B. Connected to power supply E. The positive electrode of the DC power source E is commonly connected to the n external input terminals 51_1 to 51_n, and the negative electrode of the DC power source E is connected to the external input terminal 52. The negative electrode of the DC power supply E is further connected to the ground voltage. The power supply voltage Vdc of the DC power supply E shows different voltage values depending on the voltage class of the power system.

  Between the positive electrode of the DC power supply E and n external input terminals 51_1 to 51_n, n switches SW1 to SWn are provided, respectively. Each of the n switches SW1 to SWn is controlled to a closed state (on state) or an open state (off state) in accordance with the digital input signals 1 to n input from the corresponding protective device. That is, each of the n switches SW1 to SWn opens and closes in conjunction with the on / off state of the corresponding protective device, similarly to the switch SW of FIG. When the switches SW1 to SWn are controlled to be in the on state, the power supply voltage Vdc of the DC power supply E is input to the digital input processing unit 90B via the external input terminals 51_1 to 51_n.

  The digital input processing unit 90B includes n DI units 90_1 to 90_n and a threshold setting circuit 56. Each of the DI units 90_1 to 90_n has the same circuit configuration as the digital input processing unit 90A shown in FIG. However, the threshold setting circuit 56 is provided in common to the n DI units 90_1 to 90_n. Therefore, the threshold voltage Vth generated by the threshold setting circuit 56 is input to the inverting input terminal (− terminal) of the comparator 55 included in each of the DI units 90_1 to 90_n.

  The DI unit 90_j (j is an integer of 1 to n) divides the input DC voltage Vinj input to the corresponding external input terminal 51_j by the resistance elements 53 and 54, and the divided voltage Vdivj is non-inverted by the comparator 55. Output to the input terminal (+ terminal). The comparator 55 compares the divided voltage Vdivj output from the voltage dividing circuit with the threshold voltage Vth, and outputs an H level signal when the divided voltage Vdivj exceeds the threshold voltage Vth. The photocoupler 57 generates an on / off signal indicating the on / off state of the corresponding protection device based on the output signal of the comparator 55, and outputs the generated on / off signal to the CPU 32.

  The threshold setting circuit 56 is configured to be able to switch and output m threshold voltages Vth_1 to Vth_m having different voltage values. The threshold setting circuit 56 selects one of the m threshold voltages Vth_1 to Vth_m according to the control signals SIG1 to SIGm from the CPU 32, and is included in each of the DI units 90_1 to 90_n as the threshold voltage Vth. Input to the inverting input terminal of the comparator 55.

  A constant current circuit 100A is provided in each of the DI units 90_1 to 90_n. The constant current circuit 100A has the same circuit configuration as the constant current circuit 100A of FIG. 4, and is set to be valid or invalid according to the control signal CNT from the CPU 32.

  The CPU 32 can set whether to enable or disable the constant current circuit 100A according to the open / closed state of the switches SW1 to SWn by the same method as that described in the second embodiment. Specifically, the CPU 32 determines whether each of the switches SW1 to SWn is on or off based on an on / off signal output from each of the DI units 90_1 to 90_n. When it is determined that the switch SWj among the switches SW1 to SWn is in the OFF state, the CPU 32 generates an L level control signal and outputs it to the constant current circuit 100A of the corresponding DI unit 90_j. Accordingly, the constant current circuit 100A of the DI unit 90_j is set to be effective.

  The CPU 32 switches the control signal CNT from the L level to the H level when the switch SWj changes from the off state to the on state after the constant current circuit 100A of the DI unit 90_j is set to be valid. As a result, the constant current circuit 100A is set invalid.

  Thus, the CPU 32 can individually set the n constant current circuits 100A to be valid or invalid according to the open / close state of the corresponding switch SW. Thereby, since the power consumption in the whole digital input processing unit 90B can be suppressed, the operating efficiency of the protective relay device 1B can be improved.

  Alternatively, the CPU 32 can perform duty control on the n constant current circuits 100A by a method similar to the method described in the third embodiment. Specifically, the CPU 32 collectively sets the n constant current circuits 100A to be valid or invalid according to a preset duty ratio. According to this, power consumption in the whole digital input processing unit 90B can be suppressed by simpler control.

(Function and effect)
As described above, according to the protective relay device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the digital input processing unit having a multi-channel input that can easily cope with a plurality of voltage classes is realized with a downsized and simplified configuration. it can.

  In the first to fourth embodiments described above, the configuration in which the photocoupler is used as the transmission unit for transmitting the output signal of the comparator 55 to the CPU 32 while being electrically insulated has been described. However, the control signal SIG1 from the CPU 32 is described. The receiving unit for transmitting to the threshold setting circuit 56 while electrically isolating SIGm may be configured to use a photocoupler. According to this, it is possible to ensure electrical insulation between the CPU 32 and the digital input processing unit 90 (or 90B) having a large difference in operating power supply voltage.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  1, 1A, 1B Protection relay device, 2 CT, 3 VT, 4 CB, 5 Transmission line, 10 Auxiliary transformer, 20 Analog input processing unit, 21, 23 filter, 24, 25 SH circuit, 26 Multiplexer, 27 A / D converter, 30 control unit, 31 system bus, 32 CPU, 33 ROM, 34 RAM, 35 I / F, 36 DO circuit, 37 peripheral I / F circuit, 40 output unit, 51, 51_1 to 51_n, 52 external Input terminal, 53, 54, 105 resistance element, 55 comparator, 56 threshold setting circuit, 57 photocoupler, 58, 59, 102 pull-up resistance element, 90, 90A, 90B digital input processing unit, 100, 100A constant current circuit , 100, 100A constant current circuit, 101 varistor, 102, 103 diode, 104 MOSFET, E DC power supply, 92, SW, SW1 to SWn switch.

Claims (6)

An analog input processing unit that takes in the amount of electricity of the power system and outputs the first digital signal;
Comparing a binary voltage that is connected to an external DC power source through a switch having a mechanical contact and that is input according to the opening and closing of the switch, and a threshold voltage that is set according to the voltage of the external DC power source, A digital input processing unit for outputting a comparison result as a second digital signal;
A controller that outputs a shut-off command to the switch by determining the state of the power system based on the first digital signal and the second digital signal;
The digital input processor is
A conversion circuit that is electrically connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the external DC power supply by closing the switch, and converts a current supplied from the external DC power supply via the switch into the binary voltage;
A protective relay device including a constant current circuit connected in parallel to the conversion circuit and configured to flow a constant current. A setting unit for setting whether to enable or disable the constant current circuit;
In the case where the constant current circuit is set to be effective, the setting unit sets the constant current circuit to be invalid after a first period has elapsed since the switch was closed when the switch is closed. The protective relay device according to claim 1.   In the case where the constant current circuit is set to be invalid, the setting unit is configured such that when the switch is opened, the constant current circuit is within a second period shorter than the first period after the switch is opened. The protection relay device according to claim 2, which is set to be effective. The control unit is configured to be able to determine the state of the switch by determining opening / closing of the switch based on the second digital signal,
4. The protection according to claim 3, wherein the control unit invalidates a determination result of opening / closing of the switch from when the setting unit sets the constant current circuit to valid until a third period elapses. Relay device. A setting unit for setting whether to enable or disable the constant current circuit;
The protection relay device according to claim 1, wherein the setting unit periodically provides a period for effectively setting the constant current circuit and a period for setting the constant current circuit to be invalid.   The protection relay device according to claim 5, wherein the setting unit variably sets a period during which the constant current circuit is set to be effective and a period during which the constant current circuit is set to be invalid.

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