JP2016068144A - Laser cutting method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a laser cutting method capable of securely performing an operation for separating a product to enable an easy taking-out work when the product having a corner part is cut off from a material to be cut by a laser cutting torch.SOLUTION: A laser cutting method comprises: radiating a laser beam from a laser cutting torch to a material to be cut A; and at the same time, moving the laser beam along an object path to cut off the product 1. The product 1, which is to be cut off from the material A to be cut, has a corner part 1a. To prevent a contact with the corner part 1a of the product 1, a recess 2 - 4 is formed at a position in the material to be cut corresponding to the corner part 1a of the product 1 when the corner part 1a of the product 1 is cut off.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a laser cutting method capable of reliably separating a cut product from a material to be cut when a product having a corner portion is cut out from the material to be cut using a laser cutting torch. is there.

  A gas cutting torch, a plasma cutting torch, or a laser cutting torch is mounted on a cutting apparatus, and a target product is cut from a material to be cut such as a steel plate or a stainless steel plate by the mounted cutting torch. In such a cutting apparatus, continuous operation is being attempted in order to improve the operating rate.

  As a cutting device that operates continuously for a long time, a laser cutting device equipped with a laser cutting torch is used. In this laser cutting device, there is no problem that the cutting speed is slow compared to plasma cutting or laser cutting as in the gas cutting device, and there is no problem that electrode or nozzle replacement work is required as in the plasma cutting device. There is an advantage that it is easy to measure continuous operation and unmanned operation.

  On the other hand, in the material to be cut after the target product has been cut, the product and the remaining material (the material to be cut) are present on the same plane, and therefore, a work for taking out the product from this plane is performed. In the case of a cutting device that has been operated continuously for a long time including at night and is unmanned, the number of products that have been cut increases, and it is necessary to input a large number of man-hours when taking out the work manually. For this reason, there has been proposed an apparatus that mechanically performs an extraction operation for taking out a cut product from a material to be cut.

  For example, the cutting processing device described in Patent Document 1 includes a cutting device placed on the inner rail, a sorting device placed on the outer rail and having an inner peripheral dimension larger than the outer peripheral dimension of the cutting device, and a cutting device And a control device for controlling the device and the sorting device. In particular, the sorting device is provided with a suction head having a plurality of suction members, and is configured so that the product cut from the material to be cut can be sucked and raised by the suction head and separated.

  In addition, the picking device described in Patent Document 2 has a peristaltic device that swings up and down an attracting magnet that attracts a member, and lifts the cut member by attracting and lifting it with the attracting magnet. It is comprised so that it may isolate | separate. In particular, when a load is large when separating the members, the adsorption magnet is swung up and down so that even when a slag is attached to the back surface, the members can be reliably separated.

  In the apparatuses described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above, when the cut product is separated from the material to be cut, the product is adsorbed by an adsorption head or an adsorption magnet (adsorption member). Then, the cut product is adsorbed and raised by the adsorbing member, so that the product passes through the kerf formed in the material to be cut and is separated from the material to be cut.

Japanese Patent No. 2824277 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-008570) Japanese Patent No. 3148360 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-337855)

  When a product cut from a material to be cut using the apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2 is adsorbed and separated by an adsorption member, the product cut by gas cutting or plasma cutting is surely separated and taken out. Can do. However, when a product having a corner portion is cut by laser cutting, the product cannot be smoothly separated from the material to be cut, and there is a problem that the take-out operation is not easy.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a laser cutting method in which when a product having a corner portion is cut from a material to be cut by a laser cutting torch, the work for separating the product is surely performed and an easy take-out operation can be performed. Is to provide.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a laser cutting method capable of cutting a material to be cut with a laser cutting torch and reliably separating the cut product has been studied. As a result, when the product that has been cut using the laser cutting torch is picked up and separated, if the position of the picked up product is shifted, it can be reliably separated if the cut surfaces corresponding to the sides of the product come into contact with each other. However, it was found that separation was difficult when the corners contacted each other.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 6, when the product 52 having the corner 52a is cut from the workpiece 51, the corner 51a on the workpiece 51 side facing the corner 52a is formed in a slightly curved shape. . For this reason, as shown by a two-dot chain line, when the position of the product 52 is shifted and the corner 52a comes into contact with the opposite corner 51a, the corner 52a is caught by the curved corner 51a and locked. It turned out that smooth separation could not be realized.

  The width of the kerf formed when the workpiece is cut by the laser cutting torch is approximately 0.3 mm regardless of the thickness of the workpiece. For this reason, when a slight misalignment occurs in the product adsorbed by the adsorbing member, it turns out that the corner of the product comes into contact with the corner of the material to be cut and is locked, and smooth separation is impossible. did.

  On the other hand, the width of the kerf formed when the workpiece is cut by the gas cutting torch is different depending on the plate thickness, but is in the range of about 3 mm to about 5 mm. 5 mm. For this reason, even if the product adsorbed by the adsorbing member is displaced, the corners of the product do not come into contact with the opposite corners of the material to be cut, and smooth separation can be realized.

  As described above, the width of the kerf formed by laser cutting is extremely smaller than the width of the kerf formed by gas cutting or plasma cutting. For this reason, when the product adsorbed by the adsorbing member is separated from the material to be cut, even if a slight change in posture including misalignment occurs, the corners of the product come into contact with the opposite corners and are locked. It will be done.

  Accordingly, the laser cutting method according to the present invention is a laser cutting method for cutting a product by irradiating a material to be cut with a laser beam from a laser cutting torch and moving along a target path. The product to be cut from the material has corners, and when cutting the corners of the product, the clearance to avoid contact with the corners of the product on the cut material side corresponding to the corners of the product Forming a part.

  In the laser cutting method, when the relief portion is formed on the material to be cut corresponding to the corner portion of the product, it extends beyond one corner constituting the corner portion of the product beyond the corner portion of the product. After cutting in the direction, it is preferable to cut from the extending direction of the other side to cut the other side.

  Further, in the above laser cutting method, when the relief portion is formed on the material to be cut corresponding to the corner portion of the product, it extends from one side constituting the corner portion to the extending direction beyond the corner portion. It is preferable to perform cutting and cutting from the extending direction of the other side and cutting the other side continuously.

  In the laser cutting method according to the present invention, when a product having a corner is cut from a material to be cut, a cut portion is formed from the material to be cut by forming a relief portion on the material to be cut corresponding to the corner. When separating and taking out, the corner of the product does not contact the corner of the material to be cut. Therefore, reliable separation of the cut product from the material to be cut can be realized.

  In particular, when forming the relief portion on the cut material side corresponding to the corner portion of the product, after cutting from one side beyond the corner portion in the extending direction, cutting from the extending direction of the other side to the other side By cutting the side, the wide portion can be formed at the corner of the product without adverse effects such as cornering caused by cutting.

  Moreover, when cutting the corner of the product, by cutting from the extension direction of the other side by cutting from the extension direction of the other side continuously from the cut in the extension direction beyond the corner from one side, Smooth cutting can be performed by continuing continuous cutting. In particular, since the continuously cut kerfs intersect at the part facing the corner of the product, the wide part can be easily formed.

It is a figure explaining the state which nested the product which has a corner | angular part in a to-be-cut material. It is a figure explaining the example of the separation member which isolate | separates the cut | disconnected product. It is a figure explaining the laser cutting method which concerns on 1st Example. It is a figure explaining the laser cutting method which concerns on 2nd Example. It is a figure explaining the laser cutting method which concerns on 3rd Example. It is a figure explaining a subject.

  The laser cutting method according to the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as “cutting method”) will be described below. In the cutting method according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, when a product 1 having a corner 1a is cut from a material to be cut A, the corner 1a is applied to the material A to be cut corresponding to the corner 1a. An escape portion (for example, the escape portion 2 in FIG. 3) is formed to avoid contact with the.

  As described above, by forming a relief portion at a portion corresponding to the corner 1a of the product 1 in the workpiece A, the product 1 is separated from the workpiece A after the target cutting is completed. At this time, even when the position of the product 1 is shifted, the corner 1a does not come into contact with the workpiece A, and reliable separation can be performed smoothly.

  The structure of the cutting apparatus for carrying out the cutting method according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can cut a product having a corner from a material to be cut using a mounted laser cutting torch. . As such a cutting device, there are a cutting device for a large material to be cut, a cutting robot for a relatively small material to be cut, and any of them can be adopted.

  As a large-sized cutting device, a gate-type garter mounted on a rail so as to be able to travel, a carriage mounted on the garter so as to traverse, a laser cutting torch mounted on the carriage, and numerical control (NC ) Device. In addition, as a cutting robot, there is a robot that includes an articulated arm having a laser cutting torch at the tip and an NC device. In these cutting devices, the numerical control (NC) device controls the travel of the garter and the traverse of the carriage, or the articulated arm and the operation of the laser cutting torch. It is possible to cut the product.

  The specification of the laser oscillator for carrying out the cutting method according to the present invention is not limited, and a laser oscillator such as a carbon dioxide laser oscillator or a fiber laser oscillator can be selectively used. Then, an optimum laser cutting torch corresponding to the selected laser oscillator is selected and mounted on the cutting device.

  The material of the material to be cut is not particularly limited, and a material that can be cut by a laser cutting torch including a steel plate or a stainless steel plate can be used. Moreover, the plate | board thickness of a to-be-cut material is not limited, It changes according to the output of a laser oscillator.

  In the present invention, the product cut from the material to be cut as described above has corners. The angle of the corner is not limited, and when the corner of the product comes into contact with a corner formed at a corresponding portion on the workpiece side, the angle may be locked and hinder smooth separation. Is included. That is, the corners of the product include acute corners and obtuse corners.

  In the present invention, the escape portion that avoids contact with the corner portion formed on the workpiece side corresponding to the corner portion of the product is not limited in shape, and is positioned when the cut product is taken out. When the shift occurs and the product comes into contact with the material to be cut, the corners may not be locked to the material to be cut. In other words, the relief portion may have a shape in which the corner portion does not contact any part of the material to be cut when the side of the product contacts the material to be cut.

  Further, the means for separating and taking out the product having the corner from the material to be cut is not limited, and the sorting device and the picking device described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 can be used. However, it may be separated and removed manually. Whether the machine is used or manually, the cut corners of the product are not locked to the material to be cut, so that smooth separation can be realized.

  In the cutting method according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the product 1 having the corners 1a is nested in the material A to be cut in advance. The moving path and dimensions of the laser cutting torch are set based on this nesting, and the moving information is set based on these conditions. Further, cutting conditions including cutting speed and laser oscillator output are set based on the thickness and material of the material A to be cut, and cutting information is set based on these cutting conditions. Each information and other information necessary for the operation of the laser cutting torch are input to the NC apparatus.

  Moreover, the movement information and cutting information of the laser cutting torch for forming the relief portion (2-4) formed in the workpiece A corresponding to the corner portion 1a of the product 1 are each described later as relief portion formation information. It is set for each shape described in the embodiment. Movement information and cutting information for forming these relief portions (2 to 4) are input to the NC device in advance.

Then, the workpiece A is cut by controlling a laser cutting torch (not shown) according to the above information. That is, the laser cutting torch is opposed to the starting point 5 set in the vicinity of the product 1 in the material A to be cut, and laser light is irradiated toward the material A to be cut and an assist gas is injected to perform piercing. A hole that penetrates the workpiece A in the thickness direction is formed. Thereafter, the cutting is started from the starting point 5 toward the outline 1b of the product 1, and the cutting is started along the outline 1b.

  When the laser cutting torch reaches the position corresponding to the corner 1a of the product, by controlling the movement and operating conditions of the laser cutting torch according to the movement information and the cutting information for forming the escape portion (2-4), It is possible to form relief portions (2 to 4) in the workpiece A. Next, the laser cutting torch is moved along the contour line 1b of the product 1, and the escape portion (2-4) is formed by forming the escape portion (2-4) every time the part corresponding to the corner portion 1a is reached. ), The product 1 can be cut by moving the laser cutting torch in a single stroke.

  The method for separating and taking out the product 1 cut from the material A to be cut as described above is not limited. However, it is preferable to use a mechanically constructed separation device. For example, the configuration of the separation device 15 shown in FIG. 2 will be briefly described as an example of a mechanical separation device.

  The separating device 15 includes a linear guide member 15b attached to a bracket 15a provided at the distal end of an arm 16 that can be moved up and down by a lifting device (not shown), and a linear guide member 15b that is provided on the linear guide member 15b and can be moved back and forth linearly. The two carriages 15c and the adsorber 15d provided on each of the carriages 15c. In particular, as the adsorber 15d, it is preferable to employ a magnet when the material A to be cut is a steel plate and to employ a vacuum cup when the material A to be cut is a stainless steel plate.

  The two carriages 15c are independently driven by a motor 15e, and are configured to move to a desired position of the linear guide member 15b. Each of the two adsorbers 15d is provided with a load cell 15f so that a load acting on the adsorber 15d can be detected.

  In the separation device 15 configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 1, the central shaft 15g of the separation device 15 is opposed to the center of gravity G of the product 1, and the two motors 15e are driven independently, respectively. Two adsorbers 15d are moved equidistant from the central axis 15g. Then, the separating device 15 can be lowered by the arm 16 and the adsorber 15d can be opposed to the product 1 and adsorbed. Thereafter, the adsorbed product 1 can be separated from the workpiece A by raising the separating device 15 by the arm 16.

  Next, the cutting method according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 3 which is a detailed view of part B of FIG. In the drawing, a locus in which the laser cutting torch cuts the product 1 and the relief portion 2 is formed in the workpiece A corresponding to the corner portion 1 is represented as a locus 10.

  In this embodiment, when the corner 1a of the product 1 is cut, the corner of the workpiece A corresponding to the corner 1a is cut from the cutting direction with respect to the side of the product 1 to the base material side of the workpiece A. By doing so, the escape portion 2 is formed. That is, the laser cutting torch that has reached the corner 1a of the product 1 is reciprocally moved (trajectory 10a) obliquely from the corner 1a toward the base material side of the workpiece A to face the corner 1a. The relief portion 2 is formed by a cut groove 12 obtained by cutting a corner portion of the material A to be cut.

  The length dimension of the escape portion 2 (the length dimension of the locus 10a) is such that, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. It is necessary that the corner 1a does not come into contact with any portion (cut surface 11) of the cut surface A when it comes into contact with the formed cut surface 11.

For example, when the dimension of the kerf 12 formed when the product 1 is cut by the laser cutting torch is 0.3 mm, the length of the relief portion 2 only needs to be larger than about 0.5 mm. However, in order to reliably separate the product 1 from the workpiece A, it is preferable that the length of the escape portion 2 is about 2 mm to 3 mm.

  By forming the relief portion 2 as described above in the workpiece A corresponding to the corner 1a of the product 1, the product 1 is displaced when the product 1 is separated from the workpiece A and taken out. However, the corner 1a does not contact the cut surface 11 of the material A to be cut. In addition, even if the cut surface 1c of the product 1 contacts the cut surface 11 of the material A to be cut, there is no obstacle and smooth separation can be expected. For this reason, the product 1 can be separated from the workpiece A smoothly and reliably and taken out.

  Next, the cutting method according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 4 which is a detailed view of part B of FIG. In this embodiment, when the corner 1a of the product 1 is formed, the product 1 is cut in the extending direction from one side of the product 1 beyond the corner 1a, and then the cutting is resumed from the extending direction of the other side. Then, the other side is cut, and the relief grooves 3 are formed by intersecting these two-direction kerfs 12.

That is, by cutting one side of the product 1 and refracting the laser cutting torch that has reached the corner 1a in the direction of the other side, the laser cutting torch is moved in the extension direction and set in advance (for example, 3 mm to 4 mm) ) Is continued (trajectory 10b). Thereafter, the cutting of the material A to be cut by the laser cutting torch is stopped, and the position P in the extending direction of the other side of the product 1 and separated from the corner 1a by a preset distance (for example, 3 mm to 4 mm). Move to. From this position P, piercing is performed again to start cutting (trajectory 10c), and the other side of the product 1 is cut.

  By cutting the workpiece A as described above, the workpiece A corresponding to the corner 1a of the product 1 is formed with a corner that is symmetrical to the corner 1a. Becomes a curved surface without concentrating the heat input during piercing to form a sharp corner, and as a result, the escape portion 3 is formed. Even in such a relief portion 3, even if a position shift occurs in the product 1, the corner portion 1 a does not contact the cut surface 11 of the material A to be cut. For this reason, the product 1 can be separated from the workpiece A smoothly and reliably and taken out.

  Next, the cutting method according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5 which is a detailed view of part B of FIG. In this embodiment, when the corner 1a of the product 1 is formed, it is cut in the extending direction from one side constituting the product 1 beyond the corner 1a, and then the cutting is continued to extend the other side. Then, the other side is cut and the continuous cuts in two directions are crossed to form the relief portion 4.

  That is, one side of the product 1 is cut, and the laser cutting torch that has reached the corner 1a is moved in the extending direction of the other side while continuing cutting in the extending direction of the one side. By cutting from the extended side of the other side, the relief grooves 4 are formed by intersecting these two directional grooves. That is, the relief portion 4 is formed by forming a continuous groove in an arc shape on the workpiece A side corresponding to the corner portion 1 a of the product 1.

When the arc-shaped relief portion 4 is formed on the workpiece A corresponding to the corner 1a of the product 1, the radius of the arc is not limited, but is preferably about 2 mm to 3 mm, for example . When the workpiece A is cut into an arc having such a radius, the base material surrounded by the arc is melted regardless of the thickness of the workpiece A. It is possible to form a sufficiently effective relief portion 4.

  In the present embodiment, the material to be cut A corresponding to the corner 1a of the product 1 is cut into an arc shape to form the escape portion 4, but the shape of the escape portion 4 is not necessarily an arc shape. It may be a polygonal shape including a triangle. However, it is necessary to continuously perform cutting from one side constituting the product 1 to the other side.

  In the escape portion 4 formed as described above, even if the product 1 is misaligned, the corner portion 1a does not contact the cut surface 11 of the material A to be cut. For this reason, the product 1 can be separated from the workpiece A smoothly and reliably and taken out.

  The laser cutting method according to the present invention is advantageous for use in a laser cutting apparatus that performs continuous operation for a long time including at night.

A Material to be cut 1 Product 1a Corner 1b Outline 1c Cut surface 2-4 Relief 5 Starting point 10, 10a, 10b, 10c
Trajectory 11 Cutting surface 12 Groove 15 Separating device 15a Bracket 15b Linear guide member 15c Carriage 15d Adsorber 15e Motor 15f Load cell 15g Central shaft 16 Arm

Claims (3)

A laser cutting method for cutting a product by irradiating a workpiece with a laser beam from a laser cutting torch and moving along a target path,
The product to be cut from the material to be cut has corners,
A laser cutting method characterized in that, when cutting a corner portion of the product, an escape portion is formed on a material to be cut corresponding to the corner portion of the product so as to avoid contact with the corner portion of the product.   When forming the relief portion on the material to be cut corresponding to the corner portion of the product, after cutting in the extending direction from one side constituting the corner portion of the product beyond the corner portion of the product, the other side The laser cutting method according to claim 1, wherein the other side is cut by cutting from an extending direction of the side.   When forming the relief portion on the material to be cut corresponding to the corner portion of the product, cutting from one side constituting the corner portion to the extending direction beyond the corner portion and cutting from the extending direction of the other side The laser cutting method according to claim 2, wherein the other side is continuously cut.

Images