JP2015503012A - Fluid composition for metal working and its use in machining of compacted graphite iron - Google Patents

Fluid composition for metal working and its use in machining of compacted graphite iron Download PDF

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JP2015503012A
JP2015503012A JP2014546168A JP2014546168A JP2015503012A JP 2015503012 A JP2015503012 A JP 2015503012A JP 2014546168 A JP2014546168 A JP 2014546168A JP 2014546168 A JP2014546168 A JP 2014546168A JP 2015503012 A JP2015503012 A JP 2015503012A
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weight
composition
fluid composition
ester
machining
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ロバート ディー． エバンス，
ロバート ディー． エバンス，
クアン ゾン，
クアン ゾン，
スティーブン アール． トーマス，
スティーブン アール． トーマス，
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ロバート ディー． エバンス，
ロバート ディー． エバンス，
クアン ゾン，
クアン ゾン，
スティーブン アール． トーマス，
スティーブン アール． トーマス，
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel

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Abstract

水；潤滑剤エステル；および硫黄含有潤滑剤添加剤を含む組成物を付与する工程を含む、鉄の機械加工中に工具摩耗を低減させるための組成物および方法。いくつかの実施形態では、潤滑剤エステルまたは潤滑剤エステルの組合せは、約１重量％から約５０重量％の量で存在し、ポリオールエステル；グリセロースをベースにしたエステル；ならびに／または、２，２ジメチル−１，３−プロパンジオール、２−プロパノール、１，１，１，トリス（ヒドロキシメチル）プロパン、２−ヒドロキシ−１，３−プロパンジオール、２，２−ビス（ヒドロキシメチル）−１，３−プロパンジオール、および１，２，３−プロパントリオールのＣ１２〜Ｃ１８脂肪酸エステルのものから選択されるエステルを含んでいてもよい。A composition and method for reducing tool wear during iron machining comprising applying a composition comprising water; a lubricant ester; and a sulfur-containing lubricant additive. In some embodiments, the lubricant ester or combination of lubricant esters is present in an amount of about 1% to about 50% by weight, a polyol ester; an ester based on glycerose; and / or 2,2 Dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1, tris (hydroxymethyl) propane, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) -1,3 -Propanediols and esters selected from those of C12-C18 fatty acid esters of 1,2,3-propanetriol may be included.

Description

関連出願への相互参照
本出願は、２０１１年１２月９日に出願された米国仮特許出願第６１／５６８，９７９号からの優先権の利益を主張し、この仮特許出願はその全体が参照として援用される。 This application claims priority benefit from US Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 568,979, filed Dec. 9, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Incorporated as.

背景
鋳鉄は、多くの工業部品の生産に使用することができる。圧密化黒鉛鉄などの、あるタイプの鋳鉄は、機械加工することが難しくなる可能性があり；工業部品の製作にしばしば必要とされる金属の切断および研削は、難題および困難をもたらす可能性があり、例えば工具の摩耗率が急速になり加速され、それと共に、生産される部品の品質が低下する。 Background Cast iron can be used in the production of many industrial parts. Certain types of cast iron, such as consolidated graphite iron, can be difficult to machine; the metal cutting and grinding often required for manufacturing industrial parts can pose challenges and difficulties For example, the wear rate of a tool becomes rapid and accelerated, and at the same time the quality of the parts produced is reduced.

より軽くより高い強度の部品を生産するために標準的なねずみ鋳鉄の代わりに圧密化黒鉛鉄を用いようとする、産業界で現在進行中の多くの努力により、これら２種の金属の材料特性および機械加工性に相違を生じさせる構造上および組成上の相違の両方について記述することは有用である。ねずみ鋳鉄は、エンジンブロック、シリンダーヘッド、ならびに様々なその他の自動車部品を生産するのに伝統的に使用されてきた。ねずみ鋳鉄中の黒鉛は、片状構造を有する。相互接続している片状黒鉛が大半を占めることによって、高レベルの不連続性および応力集中作用が母材に生じ、その後、良好な熱伝導率、減衰容量、および良好な機械加工特性など、ねずみ鋳鉄に特徴的な性質が生じる。このようにねずみ鋳鉄は、低い生産コストで容易に機械加工される（長い工具寿命で、より高い金属除去率）。ねずみ鋳鉄とは異なって、圧密化黒鉛鉄は、サンゴの構造に非常に似ている黒鉛構造を有する。そのような黒鉛構造は、より低いレベルの不連続性および応力集中作用を金属内にもたらし、より高い強度と靱性特性ならびにより低い機械加工性をもたらす。   Due to the many ongoing efforts in the industry to use consolidated graphite iron instead of standard gray cast iron to produce lighter and higher strength parts, the material properties of these two metals It is useful to describe both structural and compositional differences that make a difference in machinability. Gray cast iron has traditionally been used to produce engine blocks, cylinder heads, and various other automotive parts. Graphite in gray cast iron has a flake structure. The majority of interconnected flake graphite results in a high level of discontinuity and stress concentration effects in the matrix, followed by good thermal conductivity, damping capacity, and good machining properties, etc. Characteristic properties arise in gray cast iron. Thus, gray cast iron is easily machined at a low production cost (long tool life and higher metal removal rate). Unlike gray cast iron, consolidated graphite iron has a graphite structure that is very similar to that of coral. Such graphite structures provide lower levels of discontinuities and stress concentration effects in the metal, resulting in higher strength and toughness properties and lower machinability.

黒鉛構造の相違に加え、著しい組成上の相違がねずみ鋳鉄と圧密化黒鉛鉄との間にあり、これはやはり、これら２種の金属の機械加工性の相違に大きく関与するものである。ねずみ鋳鉄中に硫黄が存在することは、この金属の高い機械加工性に関連した極めて重要な要因であると見なされる。   In addition to the difference in graphite structure, there is a significant compositional difference between gray cast iron and consolidated graphite iron, which again contributes greatly to the difference in machinability of these two metals. The presence of sulfur in gray cast iron is considered to be a very important factor related to the high machinability of this metal.

これら２つの要因（黒鉛形態および硫黄濃度）により、圧密化黒鉛鉄の機械加工性はかなり低くなり、工具摩耗は、ねずみ鋳鉄の機械加工で経験するよりもかなり大きくなる。先に報告された研究は、ねずみ鋳鉄の場合に同等の機械加工操作で得られる場合に比べ、圧密化黒鉛鉄のミリングおよび穴あけ操作に関する工具寿命は半分になる可能性があり、一方、圧密化黒鉛鉄の穴ぐり操作における工具寿命はちょうど１０分の１になるようであることを示す。このように、圧密化黒鉛鉄の、改善されかつより経済的な機械加工が可能になる技術の進歩が必要であることが明らかであった。工具の設計製作、機械加工条件の最適化、圧密化黒鉛鉄の組成、ならびに金属加工用流体の組成の領域における研究開発である。本発明は、一般的なグレードの圧密化黒鉛鉄の機械加工において高められた工具寿命と部品品質とをもたらすことができる、新しい流体組成物と使用方法とについて記述する。   Due to these two factors (graphite morphology and sulfur concentration), the machinability of consolidated graphite iron is considerably lower and the tool wear is much greater than experienced in machining gray cast iron. Previously-reported studies have shown that tool life for milling and drilling operations of consolidated graphite iron may be halved compared to that obtained with the same machining operations for gray cast iron, while consolidation It shows that the tool life in the drilling operation of graphite iron seems to be exactly 1/10. Thus, it was clear that there was a need for technological advances that would allow improved and more economical machining of consolidated graphite iron. Research and development in the areas of tool design and manufacturing, optimization of machining conditions, composition of consolidated graphite iron, and composition of metal working fluids. The present invention describes a new fluid composition and method of use that can provide enhanced tool life and part quality in the machining of general grade consolidated graphite iron.

発明の要旨
本発明のいくつかの実施形態によれば、鉄機械加工用組成物は、水；潤滑剤エステル；および硫黄含有潤滑剤添加剤を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、潤滑剤エステルまたは潤滑剤エステルの組合せは、約１重量％から約５０重量％の量で存在し、ポリオールエステル；グリセロースをベースにしたエステル；ならびに／または、２，２ジメチル−１，３−プロパンジオール、２−プロパノール、１，１，１，トリス（ヒドロキシメチル）プロパン、２−ヒドロキシ−１，３−プロパンジオール、２，２−ビス（ヒドロキシメチル）−１，３−プロパンジオール、および１，２，３−プロパントリオールのＣ１２〜Ｃ１８脂肪酸エステルのものから選択されるエステルを含んでいてもよい。適切なエステルは、ポリオールとエチレンオキシドおよび／またはプロピレンオキシドとの初期反応、その後に続くエステル化によって、ポリオキシアルキル化ポリオールエステルが得られるように、生成されたものを含んでいてもよい。適切なエステルは、オリゴマーエステルおよびポリマーエステルが得られるように、リシノール酸などのヒドロキシル官能化脂肪酸の縮合によって生成されたものも含む。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to some embodiments of the present invention, an iron machining composition includes water; a lubricant ester; and a sulfur-containing lubricant additive. In some embodiments, the lubricant ester or combination of lubricant esters is present in an amount of about 1% to about 50% by weight and is a polyol ester; an ester based on glycerose; and / or 2,2 Dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1, tris (hydroxymethyl) propane, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) -1,3 - it may include propanediol, and 1,2,3-propane ester selected from those of C 12 -C 18 fatty acid esters of triols. Suitable esters may include those produced so that an initial reaction of the polyol with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide followed by esterification yields the polyoxyalkylated polyol ester. Suitable esters also include those produced by condensation of hydroxyl functionalized fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid so that oligomeric and polymeric esters are obtained.

いくつかの実施形態では、硫黄含有潤滑剤添加剤は、約０．１重量％から約２０重量％の量で存在し、硫化αオレフィン、二分岐アルキルトリおよびポリスルフィド、硫黄含有カルボン酸、複合硫化エステル、ならびに／または、式：ＣＨ３−Ｃ（Ｒ１）（Ｒ２）−（ＣＨ２）ｎ−）ｘ−Ｓｍ（式中、Ｒ１＝ＨまたはＣＨ３であり、Ｒ２＝ＨまたはＣＨ３であり、ｎ＝８〜２０、ｘ＝１〜２、およびｍ＝２〜７である）を有するものから選択されるジアルキルポリスルフィドを含んでいてもよい。 In some embodiments, the sulfur-containing lubricant additive is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight and is a sulfurized alpha olefin, a bi-branched alkyl tri and polysulfide, a sulfur-containing carboxylic acid, a composite sulfur. ester, and / or the formula: CH 3 -C (R 1) (R 2) - (CH 2) n-) x -S m ( wherein a R 1 = H or CH 3, R 2 = H Or CH 3 , where n = 8-20, x = 1-2, and m = 2-7.

いくつかの実施形態では、鉄機械加工用組成物は、約０重量％から約１２重量％の量で、１２から２２個の間の炭素の飽和および不飽和鎖を含有するような脂肪酸を含む。   In some embodiments, the iron machining composition comprises fatty acids such as those containing between 12 and 22 carbon saturated and unsaturated chains in an amount of about 0% to about 12% by weight. .

いくつかの実施形態では、鉄機械加工用組成物は、式Ｒ１（Ｒ２）−Ｎ−Ｒ３（式中、Ｒ１＝Ｈ、ＣＨ３、または−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨであり、Ｒ２＝Ｈ、ＣＨ３−（ＣＨ２）ｎ（式中、ｎ＝０〜２２である）、−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨ、または環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１であり、およびＲ３＝−（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ）ｍ−Ｈ（式中、ｍ＝１〜１２である）、ＣＨ３−（ＣＨ２）ｘＯ−（式中、ｘ＝０〜８である）、または環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１である）を有するアミン化合物の混合物を、約０重量％から約１０重量％含む。 In some embodiments, the iron machining composition is of the formula R 1 (R 2 ) —N—R 3 , where R 1 = H, CH 3 , or —CH 2 CH 2 OH, R 2 = H, CH 3 - ( CH 2) n ( wherein, a n = 0 to 22), - a CH 2 CH 2 OH or cyclic C 6 H 11,, and R 3 = - (CH 2 CH 2 O) m —H (where m = 1 to 12), CH 3 — (CH 2 ) x O— (where x = 0 to 8), or cyclic C 6 H 11 . From about 0% to about 10% by weight.

いくつかの実施形態では、鉄機械加工用組成物は、ホウ酸−アミン付加物を約０重量％から約３０重量％含み、このホウ酸アミン付加物は、ホウ酸のアミン塩、環状ボロキシンエステルを含むホウ酸−アルカノールアミン（ａｌｋｏｎａｏｌａｍｉｎｅ）エステル、およびポリボレートアミン塩を含む、１つまたは複数の構造の混合物から構成されてもよい。   In some embodiments, the iron machining composition comprises from about 0% to about 30% by weight boric acid-amine adduct, wherein the boric acid amine adduct comprises an amine salt of boric acid, a cyclic boroxine. It may be composed of a mixture of one or more structures including a boric acid-alkanolamine ester containing ester and a polyborate amine salt.

いくつかの実施形態では、鉄機械加工用組成物は、鉱油を約０重量％から約５０重量％含む。適切な鉱油は、純粋なものまたは鉱油の混合物、例えばナフテン油およびパラフィン油であって摂氏４０度で約１５ｃＳｔから約３０ｃＳｔの間のものであってもよい。   In some embodiments, the iron machining composition comprises from about 0% to about 50% by weight mineral oil. Suitable mineral oils may be pure or mixtures of mineral oils, such as naphthenic oils and paraffinic oils at between 40 degrees Celsius and between about 15 cSt and about 30 cSt.

いくつかの実施形態では、鉄機械加工用組成物は、非イオン性およびアニオン性の乳化剤の混合物を約４重量％から約１０重量％含む。   In some embodiments, the iron machining composition comprises from about 4% to about 10% by weight of a mixture of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers.

いくつかの実施形態によれば、鉄を機械加工する方法は、本発明の流体組成物（流体濃縮物と呼ぶ）を水希釈液として付与する工程であって、機械加工に使用する前に本発明の組成物を最初に水で希釈して、１％から１００％の濃度の流体濃縮物を得る工程を含む。いくつかの実施形態では、そのような付与は、従来の潤滑剤流体に比べて例えば約５％から約９０％だけ、鉄の機械加工中に工具摩耗を低減させることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、機械加工された鉄は圧密化黒鉛鉄である。   According to some embodiments, a method of machining iron comprises applying a fluid composition of the present invention (referred to as a fluid concentrate) as a water dilution, prior to use in machining. The inventive composition is first diluted with water to obtain a fluid concentrate at a concentration of 1% to 100%. In some embodiments, such application can reduce tool wear during iron machining, for example, by about 5% to about 90% compared to conventional lubricant fluids. In some embodiments, the machined iron is consolidated graphite iron.

図１は、穴あけ中に測定された軸力を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the axial force measured during drilling.

図２は、穴あけ中に測定されたトルクを示す図である。FIG. 2 shows the torque measured during drilling.

図３は、穴あけ後の工具摩耗を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing tool wear after drilling.

図４は、様々な機械加工流体による工具摩耗を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating tool wear due to various machining fluids.

図５は、様々な機械加工流体による切断力を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the cutting force due to various machining fluids.

図６は、ドリルに得られた工具摩耗を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing tool wear obtained on the drill.

図７は、リーマー加工された１３０個の穴全体を通して測定された、表面仕上げを示す図である。FIG. 7 shows the surface finish measured through the 130 reamed holes.

本発明のいくつかの実施形態の組成物および方法は、金属加工用流体組成物と、鉄などの金属の機械加工でそれを使用するための方法とに関する。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の組成物および方法は、圧密化黒鉛鉄（「ＣＧＩ」または「バーミキュラー鉄」とも呼ばれる）の機械加工に関する。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物および付与方法は、圧密化黒鉛鉄などの鉄に関して行われる金属切断および研削プロセスで使用される場合、摩耗を効果的に低減させることによって使用される工具の寿命を著しく延ばすことができ、生産される部品の品質を改善することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、少なくともエステル潤滑剤を、硫黄含有潤滑剤添加剤と併せて含む。   The compositions and methods of some embodiments of the invention relate to metalworking fluid compositions and methods for using them in the machining of metals such as iron. In some embodiments, the compositions and methods of the present invention relate to the machining of consolidated graphite iron (also referred to as “CGI” or “Vertical Iron”). In some embodiments, the fluid compositions and application methods of the present invention are used by effectively reducing wear when used in metal cutting and grinding processes performed on iron such as consolidated graphite iron. Tool life can be significantly extended and the quality of the parts produced can be improved. In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention includes at least an ester lubricant in combination with a sulfur-containing lubricant additive.

エステル潤滑剤
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は１種または複数のエステル潤滑剤を含む。適切なエステル潤滑剤は、ポリオールと、分岐鎖または環状モノ、ジ、およびポリ塩基性アルコールの長鎖（Ｃ１２〜Ｃ２２）カルボン酸エステルなどの天然カルボン酸エステルとを含んでいてもよい。適切なエステル潤滑剤は、分岐鎖または環状モノ、ジ、およびポリ塩基性アルコールの長鎖（Ｃ１２〜Ｃ２２）カルボン酸エステルなどのアルコキシル化ポリオールエステルであって、カルボン酸エステルの形成前にポリ塩基性アルコールがアルコキシル化されるものも含んでいてもよい。適切なエステルは、オリゴマーエステルおよびポリマーエステルが得られるように、リシノール酸などのヒドロキシル官能化脂肪酸の縮合によって生成されたものも含んでいてもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、適切なエステル潤滑剤は、長さが１２から２２個の間の炭素の飽和および不飽和アルキル鎖を有するカルボン酸から選択されるカルボン酸部分を含有するエステルを含み、（１種または複数の）脂肪酸が、２，２ジメチル−１，３−プロパンジオール、２−プロパノール、１，１，１，トリス（ヒドロキシメチル）プロパン、２−ヒドロキシ−１，３−プロパンジオール、２，２−ビス（ヒドロキシメチル）−１，３−プロパンジオール、および１，２，３−プロパントリオールから選択されるがこれらに限定するものではない一または多官能性アルコールと反応して、本発明において有用なエステルを形成する。 Ester Lubricants In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention includes one or more ester lubricants. Suitable ester lubricants may include polyols and natural carboxylic acid esters, such as branched or cyclic mono, di, and polybasic alcohol long chain (C 12 -C 22 ) carboxylic acid esters. Suitable esters lubricants, branched or cyclic mono-, di-, and polybasic alcohols of long chain (C 12 ~C 22) an alkoxylated polyol esters such as carboxylic acid ester, before the formation of the carboxylic acid ester The polybasic alcohol may also be alkoxylated. Suitable esters may also include those produced by condensation of hydroxyl functionalized fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid so that oligomeric and polymeric esters are obtained. In some embodiments, suitable ester lubricants include esters containing carboxylic acid moieties selected from carboxylic acids having saturated and unsaturated alkyl chains of carbon between 12 and 22 in length; The fatty acid (s) are 2,2 dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1, tris (hydroxymethyl) propane, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, Reacting with a mono- or polyfunctional alcohol selected from, but not limited to, 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol, and 1,2,3-propanetriol; Esters that are useful in the invention are formed.

いくつかの実施形態では、流体組成物は、流体組成物の約１重量％から約５０重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％から約４０重量％；流体組成物の約３重量％から約３５重量％；流体組成物の約４重量％から約３０重量％；流体組成物の約５重量％から約２５重量％；流体組成物の約６重量％から約２０重量％；流体組成物の約６重量％から約１５重量％；流体組成物の約７重量％から約１０重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％；流体組成物の約４重量％；流体組成物の約６重量％；流体組成物の約８重量％；流体組成物の約１０重量％；流体組成物の約１２重量％；流体組成物の約１４重量％；流体組成物の約１６重量％；流体組成物の約１８重量％；流体組成物の約２０重量％；流体組成物の約２２重量％；流体組成物の約２４重量％；流体組成物の約２６重量％；流体組成物の約２８重量％；流体組成物の約３０重量％；流体組成物の約３２重量％；流体組成物の約３４重量％；流体組成物の約３６重量％；流体組成物の約３８重量％；流体組成物の約４０重量％；流体組成物の約４２重量％；流体組成物の約４４重量％；流体組成物の約４６重量％；流体組成物の約４８重量％；および流体組成物の約５０重量％の量でエステル潤滑剤を含有する。   In some embodiments, the fluid composition comprises from about 1% to about 50% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 2% to about 40% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 3% to about 40% by weight of the fluid composition. 35% by weight; about 4% to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% to about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; About 6% to about 15%; about 7% to about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 4% by weight of the fluid composition About 6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; About 16% by weight; about 18% by weight of the fluid composition; about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 22% by weight of the fluid composition; About 26% by weight; about 28% by weight of the fluid composition; about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; about 32% by weight of the fluid composition; about 34% by weight of the fluid composition. About 36% by weight of the fluid composition; about 38% by weight of the fluid composition; about 40% by weight of the fluid composition; about 42% by weight of the fluid composition; about 44% by weight of the fluid composition; An ester lubricant in an amount of about 46% by weight; about 48% by weight of the fluid composition; and about 50% by weight of the fluid composition.

硫黄含有潤滑剤添加剤
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、１種または複数の硫黄含有潤滑剤添加剤を含む。適切な硫黄含有添加剤は、硫化αオレフィン、二分岐アルキルトリおよびポリスルフィド、硫黄含有カルボン酸、複合硫化エステル、ならびに／またはジアルキルポリスルフィドを含んでいてもよい。 Sulfur-containing lubricant additives In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises one or more sulfur-containing lubricant additives. Suitable sulfur-containing additives may include sulfurized alpha olefins, bi-branched alkyl tri and polysulfides, sulfur-containing carboxylic acids, complex sulfurized esters, and / or dialkyl polysulfides.

いくつかの実施形態では、適切な硫黄含有化合物は、式１：
式１：ＣＨ３−Ｃ（Ｒ１）（Ｒ２）−（ＣＨ２）ｎ−）ｘ−Ｓｍ
（式中、Ｒ１＝ＨまたはＣＨ３、Ｒ２＝ＨまたはＣＨ３、ｎ＝８〜２０、ｘ＝１〜２、およびｍ＝２〜７である）
に示されるような構造を含む。 In some embodiments, a suitable sulfur-containing compound is of formula 1:
Formula 1: CH 3 -C (R 1 ) (R 2) - (CH 2) n-) x -S m
(Wherein R 1 = H or CH 3 , R 2 = H or CH 3 , n = 8-20, x = 1-2, and m = 2-7)
Including the structure shown in FIG.

いくつかの実施形態では、流体組成物は、流体組成物の約０．１重量％から約２０重量％；流体組成物の約０．２重量％から約１８重量％；流体組成物の約０．３重量％から約１６重量％；流体組成物の約０．４重量％から約１４重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％から約１２重量％；流体組成物の約０．６重量％から約１０重量％；流体組成物の約０．７重量％から約１０重量％；流体組成物の約０．８重量％から約９重量％；流体組成物の約０．９重量％から約８重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％から約７重量％；流体組成物の約７重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％；流体組成物の約０．２重量％；流体組成物の約０．４重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％；流体組成物の約０．６重量％；流体組成物の約０．８重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％；流体組成物の約３重量％；流体組成物の約４重量％；流体組成物の約５重量％；流体組成物の約６重量％；流体組成物の約７重量％；流体組成物の約８重量％；流体組成物の約９重量％；流体組成物の約１０重量％；流体組成物の約１２重量％；流体組成物の約１４重量％；流体組成物の約１６重量％；流体組成物の約１８重量％；または流体組成物の約２０重量％の量で硫黄含有潤滑剤添加剤を含む。   In some embodiments, the fluid composition is about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.2% to about 18% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0% to about 0% of the fluid composition. From about 0.4% to about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 0.5% to about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 0.6% of the fluid composition; From about 0.7% to about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 0.8% to about 9% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 0.9% by weight of the fluid composition From about 1% to about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.2% by weight of the fluid composition About 0.4% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.8% by weight of the fluid composition; About 1% by weight; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight of the fluid composition; about 4% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% by weight of the fluid composition About 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 9% by weight of the fluid composition; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; A sulfur-containing lubricant additive in an amount of about 14% by weight; about 16% by weight of the fluid composition; about 18% by weight of the fluid composition; or about 20% by weight of the fluid composition.

金属加工用流体の上記２成分に加え、本発明の組成物は、多くの金属切断潤滑剤流体に一般に使用されるその他の化合物も含有してもよい。そのような化合物およびそのような化合物の濃度について以下に記述する。   In addition to the above two components of metalworking fluids, the compositions of the present invention may also contain other compounds commonly used in many metal cutting lubricant fluids. Such compounds and the concentration of such compounds are described below.

脂肪酸
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、脂肪酸を含む。適切な脂肪酸には、単一の脂肪酸のタイプとしてまたは２種以上の脂肪酸の組合せとして式に組み込まれた、鎖長に１２から２２個の間の炭素があるものを含めてもよいが、これらに限定するものではない。 Fatty Acids In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises a fatty acid. Suitable fatty acids may include those having between 12 and 22 carbons in chain length, incorporated into the formula as a single fatty acid type or as a combination of two or more fatty acids. It is not limited to.

いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、流体組成物の約０重量％から約３０重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％から約３０重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％から約２５重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％から約２０重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％から約１７重量％；流体組成物の約３重量％から約１５重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％；流体組成物の約３重量％；流体組成物の約４重量％；流体組成物の約５重量％；流体組成物の約６重量％；流体組成物の約７重量％；流体組成物の約８重量％；流体組成物の約９重量％；流体組成物の約１０重量％；流体組成物の約１１重量％；流体組成物の約１２重量％；流体組成物の約１３重量％；流体組成物の約１４重量％；流体組成物の約１５重量％；流体組成物の約１７重量％；流体組成物の約２０重量％；流体組成物の約２２重量％；流体組成物の約２５重量％；流体組成物の約２７重量％；または流体組成物の約３０重量％の量で脂肪酸を含む。   In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises from about 0% to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; 0.5% to about 25% by weight; about 1% to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% to about 17% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% to about 15% of the fluid composition About 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight of the fluid composition. About 4% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; About 9% by weight; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 11% by weight of the fluid composition; about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; about 13% by weight of the fluid composition About 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 17% by weight of the fluid composition; about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 22% by weight of the fluid composition; Fatty acid is included in an amount of about 25% by weight; about 27% by weight of the fluid composition; or about 30% by weight of the fluid composition.

アミン
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、アミンまたはアミン化合物の混合物を含む。適切なアミンには、式Ｒ１（Ｒ２）−Ｎ−Ｒ３（式中、Ｒ１＝Ｈ、ＣＨ３、または−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨであり、Ｒ２＝Ｈ、ＣＨ３−（ＣＨ２）ｎ（式中、ｎ＝０〜２２である）、−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨ、または環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１であり、およびＲ３＝−（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ）ｍ−Ｈ（式中、ｍ＝１〜１２である）、ＣＨ３−（ＣＨ２）ｘＯ−（式中、ｘ＝０〜８である）、または環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１である）を有するものを含めてもよいが、これらに限定するものではない。そのようなアミンには、エタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、２−アミノ−２−メチルプロパノール、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、およびジグリコールアミンが含まれる。 Amine In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises an amine or a mixture of amine compounds. Suitable amines include the formula R 1 (R 2 ) —N—R 3 , where R 1 = H, CH 3 , or —CH 2 CH 2 OH, R 2 = H, CH 3 — (CH 2 ) n (where n = 0-22), —CH 2 CH 2 OH, or cyclic C 6 H 11 and R 3 = — (CH 2 CH 2 O) m —H (wherein , M = 1-12), CH 3 — (CH 2 ) x O— (where x = 0-8), or cyclic C 6 H 11. However, it is not limited to these. Such amines include ethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol, dicyclohexylamine, and diglycolamine.

ある実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、流体組成物の約０重量％から約３０重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％から約３０重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％から約２５重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％から約２０重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％から約１７重量％；流体組成物の約３重量％から約１５重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％；流体組成物の約３重量％；流体組成物の約４重量％；流体組成物の約５重量％；流体組成物の約６重量％；流体組成物の約７重量％；流体組成物の約８重量％；流体組成物の約９重量％；流体組成物の約１０重量％；流体組成物の約１１重量％；流体組成物の約１２重量％；流体組成物の約１３重量％；流体組成物の約１４重量％；流体組成物の約１５重量％；流体組成物の約１７重量％；流体組成物の約２０重量％；流体組成物の約２２重量％；流体組成物の約２５重量％；流体組成物の約２７重量％；または流体組成物の約３０重量％の量でアミンまたはアミンの混合物を含む。   In certain embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises from about 0% to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; From about 1% to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 2% to about 17% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 3% to about 15% by weight of the fluid composition About 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight of the fluid composition; About 4% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; 9% by weight; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 11% by weight of the fluid composition; about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; about 13% by weight of the fluid composition; About 14% by weight of the composition; about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 17% by weight of the fluid composition; about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 22% by weight of the fluid composition; Containing an amine or mixture of amines in an amount of about 27% by weight; about 27% by weight of the fluid composition;

アミン−ホウ酸付加物
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、ホウ酸−アミン付加物を含み、ホウ酸アミン付加物は、ホウ酸のアミン塩、環状ボロキシンエステルを含めたホウ酸−アルカノールアミンエステル、ならびにポリボレートアミン塩を含む、１つまたは複数の構造の混合物から構成されてもよい。適切な付加物は、ホウ酸と、モノエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、２−アミノ−２−メチルプロパノール、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、およびジグリコールアミンから選択されるがこれらに限定されない単一のアミンまたはアミンの混合物との反応によって、化学量論量で反応させまたは僅かに過剰なアミン成分と反応させて、調製することができる。 Amine-Boric Acid Adduct In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises a boric acid-amine adduct, wherein the boric acid amine adduct comprises an amine salt of boric acid, a cyclic boroxine ester. It may be composed of a mixture of one or more structures including boric acid-alkanolamine esters, as well as polyborateamine salts. Suitable adducts are boric acid and a single amine or amine selected from, but not limited to, monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol, dicyclohexylamine, and diglycolamine. It can be prepared by reacting with a mixture in a stoichiometric amount or with a slight excess of amine component.

ある実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、流体組成物の約０．１重量％から約３０重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％から約２５重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％から約２０重量％；流体組成物の約３重量％から約１７重量％；流体組成物の約５重量％から約１５重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％；流体組成物の約３重量％；流体組成物の約４重量％；流体組成物の約５重量％；流体組成物の約６重量％；流体組成物の約７重量％；流体組成物の約８重量％；流体組成物の約９重量％；流体組成物の約１０重量％；流体組成物の約１１重量％；流体組成物の約１２重量％；流体組成物の約１３重量％；流体組成物の約１４重量％；流体組成物の約１５重量％；流体組成物の約１７重量％；流体組成物の約２０重量％；流体組成物の約２２重量％；流体組成物の約２５重量％；流体組成物の約２７重量％；または流体組成物の約３０重量％の量で、アミンホウ酸付加物を含む。   In certain embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 1% to about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 2% by weight of the fluid composition. From about 3% to about 17% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 5% to about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition; About 0.5% by weight; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight of the fluid composition; about 4% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight of the fluid composition About 6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 9% by weight of the fluid composition; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; About 13% by weight of the fluid composition; about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 15% of the fluid composition; %; About 17% by weight of the fluid composition; about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 22% by weight of the fluid composition; about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 27% by weight of the fluid composition; The amine boric acid adduct is included in an amount of about 30% by weight of the product.

ジカルボン酸のアミン塩
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、短鎖ジカルボン酸のアミン塩を含む。短鎖ジカルボン酸の適切なアミン塩には、アミン二酸塩が、モノエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、２−アミノ−２−メチルプロパノール、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、およびジグリコールアミンから選択される単一のアミンまたはアミンの混合物であって、４〜１２個の間の炭素原子を含有するものから選択される短鎖ジカルボン酸と反応したものから構成されたものが含まれるが、これらに限定するものではない。 Dicarboxylic Acid Amine Salts In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises an amine salt of a short chain dicarboxylic acid. Suitable amine salts of short chain dicarboxylic acids include a single amine selected from the amine diacid salt selected from monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol, dicyclohexylamine, and diglycolamine Or mixtures of amines, including but not limited to those composed of reacted with short chain dicarboxylic acids selected from those containing between 4 and 12 carbon atoms .

本発明の、ある実施形態では、流体組成物は、流体組成物の約０．１重量％から約２０重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％から約１５重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％から約１０重量％；流体組成物の約１．５重量％から約９重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％から約８重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％；流体組成物の約１．５重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％；流体組成物の約３重量％；流体組成物の約４重量％；流体組成物の約５重量％；流体組成物の約６重量％；流体組成物の約７重量％；流体組成物の約８重量％；流体組成物の約９重量％；流体組成物の約１０重量％；流体組成物の約１２重量％；流体組成物の約１４重量％；流体組成物の約１６重量％；流体組成物の約１８重量％；または流体組成物の約２０重量％の量で、短鎖ジカルボン酸の１種または複数のアミン塩を含む。   In certain embodiments of the invention, the fluid composition comprises from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; About 1% to about 10% by weight; about 1.5% to about 9% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% to about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition About 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 3% by weight of the fluid composition; About 4% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight of the fluid composition; about 8% by weight of the fluid composition; 9% by weight; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 16% by weight of the fluid composition; 18 wt%; an amount of about 20 weight percent or fluid composition, comprising one or more amine salts of short-chain dicarboxylic acids.

鉱油
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は鉱油を含む。適切な鉱油は、純粋なものまたは鉱油の混合物、例えばナフテン油およびパラフィン油であってもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、適切な鉱油または鉱油のブレンドは、摂氏４０度で約５ｃＳｔから約３５ｃＳｔ；摂氏４０度で約１０ｃＳｔから約３０ｃＳｔ；摂氏４０度で約１５ｃＳｔから約２５ｃＳｔ；摂氏４０度で約５ｃＳｔ；摂氏４０度で約１０ｃＳｔ；摂氏４０度で約１５ｃＳｔ；摂氏４０度で約２０ｃＳｔ；摂氏４０度で約２５ｃＳｔ；摂氏４０度で約３０ｃＳｔ；または摂氏４０度で約３５ｃＳｔである最終粘度を有していてもよい。 Mineral Oil In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises mineral oil. Suitable mineral oils may be pure or mixtures of mineral oils such as naphthenic oils and paraffin oils. In some embodiments, a suitable mineral oil or blend of mineral oils is from about 5 cSt to about 35 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; from about 10 cSt to about 30 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; from about 15 cSt to about 25 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; About 5 cSt; about 10 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; about 15 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; about 20 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; about 25 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; about 30 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; or about 35 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius You may have.

ある実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、流体組成物の約０重量％から約７５重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％から約７５重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％から約７０重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％から約６５重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％から約６０重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％から約５５重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％から約５０重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％から約４５重量％；流体組成物の約５重量％から約４０重量％；流体組成物の約１０重量％から約３５重量％；流体組成物の約１５重量％から約３０重量％；流体組成物の約２０重量％から約２５重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％；流体組成物の約５重量％；流体組成物の約１０重量％；流体組成物の約１５重量％；流体組成物の約２０重量％；流体組成物の約２５重量％；流体組成物の約３０重量％；流体組成物の約３５重量％；流体組成物の約４０重量％；流体組成物の約４５重量％；流体組成物の約５０重量％；流体組成物の約５５重量％；流体組成物の約６０重量％；流体組成物の約６５重量％；流体組成物の約７０重量％；または流体組成物の約７５重量％の量で、鉱油または鉱油のブレンドを含む。   In certain embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises from about 0% to about 75% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 0.1% to about 75% by weight of the fluid composition; 1% to about 70% by weight; about 0.1% to about 65% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% to about 60% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition From about 1% to about 50% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 2% to about 45% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the fluid composition; From about 10% to about 35% by weight of the composition; from about 15% to about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 20% to about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition %; About 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 2% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% of the fluid composition About 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; about 25% by weight of the fluid composition; about 30% by weight of the fluid composition; About 45% of the fluid composition; about 45% of the fluid composition; about 50% of the fluid composition; about 55% of the fluid composition; about 60% of the fluid composition. A mineral oil or blend of mineral oils in an amount of about 65% by weight of the fluid composition; about 70% by weight of the fluid composition; or about 75% by weight of the fluid composition.

乳化剤
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、１種または複数の乳化剤を含む。適切な乳化剤は、当技術分野で一般に公知のものから選択されかつ水をベースにした金属加工用流体で典型的に使用される、非イオン性乳化剤およびアニオン性乳化剤の混合物を含んでもよいが、これらに限定するものではない。いくつかの実施形態では、適切な乳化剤は、アルカリアリールスルホン酸、アルキルスルホン酸、およびアリールスルホン酸のアルカリ金属塩；長さがＣ１２〜Ｃ２２の間のアルコキシル化長鎖アルコール；ポリオキシエチレン（ｐｏｌｙｏｏｘｙｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ）／ポリオキシプロピレンコポリマー；ならびにエトキシル化アルキルフェノールを含む。 Emulsifiers In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention includes one or more emulsifiers. Suitable emulsifiers may include a mixture of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers selected from those generally known in the art and typically used in water-based metalworking fluids, It is not limited to these. In some embodiments, suitable emulsifiers are alkali aryl sulfonic acids, alkyl sulfonic acids, and alkali metal salts of aryl sulfonic acids; alkoxylated long chain alcohols of length between C 12 and C 22 ; polyoxyethylene (Polyoxyethylene) / polyoxypropylene copolymer; as well as ethoxylated alkylphenols.

いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、流体組成物の約０．１重量％から約２０重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％から約１８重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％から約１６重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％から約１４重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％から約１２重量％；流体組成物の約３重量％から約１１重量％；流体組成物の約４重量％から約１０重量％；流体組成物の約０．１重量％；流体組成物の約０．５重量％；流体組成物の約１重量％；流体組成物の約２重量％；流体組成物の約３重量％；流体組成物の約４重量％；流体組成物の約５重量％；流体組成物の約６重量％；流体組成物の約７重量％；流体組成物の約８重量％；流体組成物の約９重量％；流体組成物の約１０重量％；流体組成物の約１１重量％；流体組成物の約１２重量％；流体組成物の約１３重量％；流体組成物の約１４重量％；流体組成物の約１５重量％；流体組成物の約１６重量％；流体組成物の約１７重量％；流体組成物の約１８重量％；流体組成物の約１９重量％；または流体組成物の約２０重量％の量で、１種または複数の乳化剤を含む。   In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 0.5% to about 18% by weight of the fluid composition; From about 2% to about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 2% to about 12% by weight of the fluid composition; from about 3% to about 11% of the fluid composition. About 4% to about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.1% by weight of the fluid composition; about 0.5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 1% by weight of the fluid composition; About 3% by weight; about 4% by weight of the fluid composition; about 5% by weight of the fluid composition; about 6% by weight of the fluid composition; about 7% by weight of the fluid composition. %; About 8% by weight of the fluid composition; about 9% by weight of the fluid composition; about 10% by weight of the fluid composition; about 11% by weight of the fluid composition; About 13% by weight of the fluid composition; about 14% by weight of the fluid composition; about 15% by weight of the fluid composition; about 16% by weight of the fluid composition; about 17% by weight of the fluid composition. One or more emulsifiers in an amount of about 18% by weight of the fluid composition; about 19% by weight of the fluid composition; or about 20% by weight of the fluid composition.

組成物
本発明により記述されかつ圧密化黒鉛鉄などの鉄の機械加工に使用するのに適切な、金属加工用流体組成物は、下記のものからなる：
ａ）約５重量％から約４０重量％の潤滑剤エステルまたは潤滑剤エステルの組合せであって、トリメチロールプロパン（ｔｒｉｍｅｔｈｙｏｌｐｒｏｐａｎｅ）トリオレエート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラドデカノエート、ネオペンチルグリコールジオレエート、およびイソプロピルオレエートなどの合成ポリオール脂肪酸エステル、ならびにポリオールとエチレンオキシドおよび／またはプロピレンオキシドとの初期反応、その後に続くエステル化によってポリオキシアルキル化ポリオールエステルが得られるように、生成されたものから選択される、潤滑剤エステルまたは潤滑剤エステルの組合せ。ならびにオリゴマーエステルおよびポリマーエステルが得られるようにリシノール酸などのヒドロキシル官能化脂肪酸の縮合により生成されたもの。
ｂ）約１重量％から約１０重量％の硫黄含有化合物であって、二分岐アルキルポリスルフィド、硫化αオレフィン、ならびに複合硫化脂肪酸および脂肪酸エステルから選択される硫黄含有化合物；
ｃ）約０重量％から約１２重量％の脂肪酸であって、単一の脂肪酸としてまたは２種以上の脂肪酸の組合せとして流体に組み込むことができる、鎖長に１２から２２個の間の炭素があるものから選択される脂肪酸；
ｄ）約３重量％から約１５重量％のアミンまたはアミン化合物の混合物であって、式Ｒ１（Ｒ２）−Ｎ−Ｒ３（式中、Ｒ１＝Ｈ、ＣＨ３、またはＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨであり、Ｒ２＝Ｈ、ＣＨ３−（ＣＨ２）ｎ（式中、ｎ＝０〜２２である）、−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨ、または環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１であり、およびＲ３＝−（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ）ｍ−Ｈ（式中、ｍ＝１〜１２である）、ＣＨ３−（ＣＨ２）ｘＯ−（式中、ｘ＝０〜８である）、または環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１である）を有するものから選択されるがこれらに限定されないアミンまたはアミン化合物の混合物。そのようなアミンには、エタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、２−アミノ−２−メチルプロパノール、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、およびジグリコールアミンが含まれる。
ｅ）約０重量％から約１５重量％のホウ酸−アミン付加物であって、ホウ酸アミン付加物が、ホウ酸のアミン塩、環状ボロキシンエステルを含むホウ酸−アルカノールアミンエステル、ならびにポリボレートアミン塩を含む１つまたは複数の構造の混合物から構成されていてもよいもの。
ｅ）約０重量％から約４０重量％のパラフィン系またはナフテン系鉱油であって、周囲温度での粘度が約４ｃＳｔから約２８ｃＳｔの間のパラフィン系またはナフテン系鉱油。 Compositions A metalworking fluid composition described by the present invention and suitable for use in machining iron, such as consolidated graphite iron, comprises:
a) about 5 wt.% to about 40 wt.% of a lubricant ester or combination of lubricant esters, wherein trimethylolpropane trioleate, pentaerythritol tetradodecanoate, neopentyl glycol dioleate, and isopropyl oleate Lubricants selected from those produced so that polyoxyalkylated polyol esters are obtained by synthetic polyol fatty acid esters such as ate and initial reaction of polyols with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide followed by esterification Agent ester or lubricant ester combination. And produced by condensation of hydroxyl functionalized fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid to yield oligomeric and polymeric esters.
b) about 1% to about 10% by weight of a sulfur-containing compound selected from bi-branched alkyl polysulfides, sulfurized alpha olefins, and complex sulfurized fatty acids and fatty acid esters;
c) from about 0% to about 12% by weight of fatty acids, which can be incorporated into the fluid as a single fatty acid or as a combination of two or more fatty acids with between 12 and 22 carbons in chain length A fatty acid selected from one;
d) from about 3% to about 15% by weight of an amine or mixture of amine compounds of the formula R 1 (R 2 ) —N—R 3 , wherein R 1 = H, CH 3 , or CH 2 CH a 2 OH, R 2 = H, CH 3 - (CH 2) n ( wherein, a n = 0 to 22), - a CH 2 CH 2 OH or cyclic C 6 H 11,, and R 3 = — (CH 2 CH 2 O) m —H (where m = 1 to 12), CH 3 — (CH 2 ) x O— (where x = 0 to 8), or cyclic Amines or mixtures of amine compounds selected from, but not limited to, those having C 6 H 11 ). Such amines include ethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol, dicyclohexylamine, and diglycolamine.
e) from about 0% to about 15% by weight of boric acid-amine adduct, wherein the boric acid amine adduct comprises an amine salt of boric acid, a boric acid-alkanolamine ester including a cyclic boroxine ester, and poly What may consist of a mixture of one or more structures containing a borate amine salt.
e) Paraffinic or naphthenic mineral oil of about 0% to about 40% by weight paraffinic or naphthenic mineral oil having a viscosity at ambient temperature between about 4 cSt and about 28 cSt.

そのような流体組成物は、水中に約２重量％から約１５重量％の量でブレンドされかつ圧密化黒鉛鉄などの鉄の機械加工で利用された場合、生ずる工具摩耗の率にかなりの低下をもたらすと共に、機械加工された部品の品質に顕著な強化をもたらす。   Such fluid compositions have a significant reduction in the rate of tool wear that occurs when blended in water in amounts of about 2% to about 15% and utilized in the machining of iron, such as consolidated graphite iron. As well as a significant enhancement in the quality of machined parts.

本発明の別の実施形態では、圧密化黒鉛鉄などの鉄の、改善された機械加工に有用な流体は、下記のものを含む：
ａ）約５重量％から約１５重量％の潤滑剤エステルまたは潤滑剤エステルの組合せであって、２，２ジメチル−１，３−プロパンジオール、２−プロパノール、１，１，１，トリス（ヒドロキシメチル）プロパン、２−ヒドロキシ−１，３−プロパンジオール、２，２−ビス（ヒドロキシメチル）−１，３−プロパンジオール、および１，２，３−プロパントリオールのＣ１８脂肪酸エステルのものから選択される潤滑剤エステルまたは潤滑剤エステルの組合せ；
ｂ）約２重量％から約５重量％のジアルキルポリスルフィドであって、式１（式中、Ｒ１＝ＣＨ３、Ｒ２＝ＣＨ３、ｎ＝８〜１０、およびｍ＝３〜５である）によるものから選択されるジアルキルポリスルフィド；
ｃ）約６重量％から約１２重量％の脂肪酸であって、１６から２２個の間の炭素の飽和および不飽和鎖を含有するものから選択される脂肪酸；
ｄ）約３重量％から約１０重量％のアミン化合物の混合物であって、例えば式２：
式２：Ｒ１（Ｒ２）−Ｎ−Ｒ
（式中、Ｒ１＝Ｈまたは−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨであり、Ｒ２＝Ｈ、または−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨ、または環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１であり、およびＲ３＝または−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨ、または環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１である）
により記述されるもの；
ｅ）約１０重量％から約１４重量％のアミン−ホウ酸付加物であって、式３：
式３：Ｂ（Ｏ−ＨＮ＋（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨ）ｎ）ｍ
（式中、ｎ＝ｍ＝３である）
に示される構造によるアミン−ホウ酸付加物；
ｆ）約３０重量％から約４０重量％のナフテン系鉱油であって、周囲圧力での粘度が摂氏４０度で約１５ｃＳｔから約３０ｃＳｔの間であるナフテン系鉱油；ならびに
ｇ）約４重量％から約１０重量％の非イオン性乳化剤およびアニオン性乳化剤の混合物であって、当技術分野で一般に公知でありかつ水をベースにした金属加工用流体で典型的に使用されるものから選択される乳化剤の混合物。 In another embodiment of the present invention, fluids useful for improved machining of iron, such as consolidated graphite iron, include:
a) about 5% to about 15% by weight of a lubricant ester or a combination of lubricant esters comprising 2,2dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1, tris (hydroxy) Selected from those of C18 fatty acid esters of methyl) propane, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol, and 1,2,3-propanetriol A lubricant ester or a combination of lubricant esters;
b) about 2 wt.% to about 5 wt.% dialkyl polysulfide, wherein R 1 = CH 3 , R 2 = CH 3 , n = 8-10, and m = 3-5 A dialkyl polysulfide selected from those according to
c) about 6% to about 12% by weight fatty acid selected from those containing between 16 and 22 carbon saturated and unsaturated chains;
d) a mixture of from about 3% to about 10% by weight of an amine compound, for example of formula 2:
Formula 2: R < 1 > (R < 2 >)-N-R
Wherein R 1 = H or —CH 2 CH 2 OH, R 2 = H, or —CH 2 CH 2 OH, or cyclic C 6 H 11 and R 3 = or —CH 2 CH 2. OH or cyclic C 6 H 11 )
Described by;
e) from about 10% to about 14% by weight of an amine-boric acid adduct of formula 3:
Formula 3: B (O - HN + (CH 2 CH 2 OH) n) m
(Where n = m = 3)
An amine-boric acid adduct with the structure shown in
f) about 30 wt.% to about 40 wt.% naphthenic mineral oil having a viscosity at ambient pressure between about 15 cSt and about 30 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; and g) from about 4 wt.% A mixture of about 10% by weight of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers selected from those commonly known in the art and typically used in water-based metalworking fluids Mixture of.

そのような流体組成物は、約３重量％から約１５％の量で水中でブレンドされかつ圧密化黒鉛鉄などの鉄の機械加工で利用された場合、生じる工具摩耗の率に顕著な低下をもたらすと共に、機械加工された部品の品質に顕著な強化をもたらす。以下に記述する機械加工試験の結果は、圧密化黒鉛鉄などの鉄の機械加工に際し、そのような組成物で実現された有用性および進歩を示す。   Such fluid compositions significantly reduce the rate of tool wear that occurs when blended in water in amounts of about 3% to about 15% and utilized in the machining of iron such as consolidated graphite iron. As well as a significant enhancement in the quality of the machined parts. The results of the machining tests described below demonstrate the utility and progress realized with such compositions in machining iron, such as consolidated graphite iron.

いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、水とブレンドされて希釈液を調製してもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、本発明の流体組成物は、希釈液の約１重量％から約５０重量％；希釈液の約２重量％から約２５重量％；希釈液の約３重量％から約２０重量％；希釈液の約３重量％から約１７重量％；希釈液の約４重量％から約１５重量％；希釈液の約１重量％；希釈液の約２重量％；希釈液の約３重量％；希釈液の約４重量％；希釈液の約５重量％；希釈液の約６重量％；希釈液の約７重量％；希釈液の約８重量％；希釈液の約９重量％；希釈液の約１０重量％；希釈液の約１１重量％；希釈液の約１２重量％；希釈液の約１３重量％；希釈液の約１４重量％；希釈液の約１５重量％；希釈液の約１７重量％；希釈液の約２０重量％；希釈液の約２５重量％；または希釈液の約３０重量％の量で、水中にブレンドされてもよい。   In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention may be blended with water to prepare a diluent. In some embodiments, the fluid composition of the present invention comprises from about 1% to about 50% by weight of the diluent; from about 2% to about 25% by weight of the diluent; from about 3% to about 25% by weight of the diluent. 20% by weight; about 3% to about 17% by weight of the diluent; about 4% to about 15% by weight of the diluent; about 1% by weight of the diluent; about 2% by weight of the diluent; 3% by weight; about 4% by weight of diluent; about 5% by weight of diluent; about 6% by weight of diluent; about 7% by weight of diluent; about 8% by weight of diluent; about 9% by weight of diluent About 10% by weight of the diluent; about 12% by weight of the diluent; about 13% by weight of the diluent; about 14% by weight of the diluent; about 15% by weight of the diluent; It may be blended in water in an amount of about 17% by weight of the diluent; about 20% by weight of the diluent; about 25% by weight of the diluent; or about 30% by weight of the diluent.

いくつかの実施形態では、圧密化黒鉛鉄などの鉄を機械加工する最中の、本発明の実施形態による流体組成物の使用は、従来の流体に比べて約５％から約９５％；約１０％から約９０％；約１５％から約８５％；約２０％から約８０％；約２５％から約７５％；約３０％から約７０％；約３５％から約６５％；約４０％から約６０％；約５％；約１０％；約１５％；約２０％；約２５％；約３０％；約３５％；約４０％；約４５％；約５０％；約５５％；約６０％；約６５％；約７０％；約７５％；約８０％；約８５％；約９０％；または約９５％の工具摩耗の低減をもたらす。   In some embodiments, the use of fluid compositions according to embodiments of the present invention during machining of iron, such as consolidated graphite iron, ranges from about 5% to about 95% compared to conventional fluids; About 10% to about 90%; about 15% to about 85%; about 20% to about 80%; about 25% to about 75%; about 30% to about 70%; about 35% to about 65%; About 5%; about 10%; about 15%; about 20%; about 25%; about 30%; about 35%; about 40%; about 45%; about 50%; About 65%; about 70%; about 75%; about 80%; about 85%; about 90%; or about 95%.

本発明により記述される好ましい組成物の性能を評価するために、Ｇｒａｄｅ４５０圧密化黒鉛鉄の穴あけを行った。穴あけは、穴を加工物金属に生成するプロセスであり、そのような場合にはより大量の金属が除去されるが、典型的にはより大きい切断力を必要としかつより過酷な機械的および熱的条件がプロセスに生じる。流体性能の評価は、穴あけ操作中に生じる切断力および工具摩耗の測定によって行われる。   To evaluate the performance of the preferred composition described by the present invention, Grade 450 consolidated graphite iron was drilled. Drilling is the process of creating holes in the workpiece metal, in which case a greater amount of metal is removed, but typically requires more cutting force and is more severe mechanical and thermal. Conditions arise in the process. Evaluation of fluid performance is performed by measuring cutting forces and tool wear that occur during the drilling operation.

（実施例１）
この実施例では、標準的な従来の鉄系（ｆｅｒｒｏｕｓ）機械加工流体を、本発明の実施形態により記述された流体と比べて評価した。 Example 1
In this example, a standard conventional ferrous machining fluid was evaluated compared to the fluid described by an embodiment of the present invention.

圧密化黒鉛鉄の改善された機械加工に有用な流体Ａを本発明の実施形態により調製し、これは下記のものを有していた：
ａ）約５重量％から約１０重量％のエステル潤滑剤；
ｂ）約３重量％から約７重量％の硫黄添加剤；
ｃ）８重量％から約１６重量％の鉱油；ならびに
ｄ）アミン、ホウ酸、脂肪酸、および乳化剤を有する残分。
流体Ａを、濃度８％で試験した。機械加工条件は下記の通りである：
A fluid A useful for improved machining of consolidated graphite iron was prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention, which had the following:
a) about 5% to about 10% by weight of ester lubricant;
b) about 3% to about 7% by weight of a sulfur additive;
c) 8% to about 16% by weight mineral oil; and d) a residue having amines, boric acid, fatty acids, and emulsifiers.
Fluid A was tested at a concentration of 8%. The machining conditions are as follows:

穴あけ中に測定された軸方向の機械加工力およびトルク（接線力）は、切断ゾーンでの摩擦と金属加工用流体により得られた潤滑性との有用な指標を提示する。穴あけが継続されるときに測定された力の変化は、典型的には工具摩耗および／または刃先への金属接着から生じる、工具の状態の変化または劣化の有用な間接的測定値を提示することができる。図１および２で得られかつプロットされた結果からわかるように、流体Ａ（本発明の実施形態）の使用は、従来の鉄系機械加工流体（流体Ｂ）を使用した場合に生じる場合に比べてかなり低い切断力および力の変化で、圧密化黒鉛鉄の機械加工を可能にする。   The axial machining force and torque (tangential force) measured during drilling provides a useful indication of the friction in the cutting zone and the lubricity obtained with the metalworking fluid. Force changes measured as drilling continues to present useful indirect measurements of tool condition changes or degradation, typically resulting from tool wear and / or metal adhesion to the cutting edge Can do. As can be seen from the results obtained and plotted in FIGS. 1 and 2, the use of fluid A (an embodiment of the present invention) is compared to the case that occurs when using a conventional ferrous machining fluid (fluid B). The machining of compacted graphite iron is possible with very low cutting forces and changes in force.

生じる工具摩耗に対する影響を評価する際、従来の鉄系機械加工流体（流体Ｂ）での機械加工中に使用されたドリル表面に形成されたフランク摩耗は、本発明で記述される流体組成物（流体Ａ）を使用したときに得られる場合に比べ、工具の刃先のフランク面の摩耗が約６９．２％大きくなったことがわかる。したがって、測定された切断力および測定された工具摩耗の両方から、本発明で記述される組成物により提供される利益および有用性は、実施された穴あけ操作で明らかに見られる。   In evaluating the impact on the resulting tool wear, the flank wear formed on the drill surface used during machining with a conventional iron-based machining fluid (fluid B) is the fluid composition described in the present invention ( It can be seen that the wear on the flank surface of the cutting edge of the tool is about 69.2% greater than that obtained when using fluid A). Thus, both from the measured cutting force and the measured tool wear, the benefits and utilities provided by the composition described in the present invention are clearly seen in the drilling operations performed.

（実施例２）
圧密化黒鉛鉄の改善された機械加工に有用な流体Ｄを本発明の実施形態により調製し、これは下記のものを有していた：
ａ）約２２重量％から約２８重量％の潤滑剤エステルであって、２，２ジメチル−１，３−プロパンジオール、２−プロパノール、１，１，１，トリス（ヒドロキシメチル）プロパン、または１，２，３−プロパントリオールのいずれかのＣ１８脂肪酸エステルから選択される潤滑剤エステル；
ｂ）約２重量％から約５重量％のジアルキルポリスルフィドであって、式１（式中、Ｒ１＝ＣＨ３、Ｒ２＝ＣＨ３、ｎ＝８〜１０、およびｍ＝３〜５である）によるものから選択されるジアルキルポリスルフィド；
ｃ）約３重量％から約６重量％の脂肪酸であって、１０から１６個の間の炭素の飽和アルキル鎖を、長さが１８から２２個の間の炭素原子の飽和および不飽和アルキル鎖から構成されたより長い鎖長のカルボン酸と共に含むものから構成された脂肪酸。
ｄ）約３重量％から約８重量％のアミン化合物の混合物であって、式２（式中、Ｒ１＝Ｈまたは−ＣＨ３であり、Ｒ２＝−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨまたは環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１であり、およびＲ３＝−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨまたは環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１である）により記述されるものからなるアミン化合物の混合物；
ｅ）約３５重量％から約４５重量％のナフテン系鉱油であって、周囲圧力での粘度が摂氏４０度で約１５ｃＳｔから約３０ｃＳｔの間であるナフテン系鉱油；ならびに
ｆ）約４重量％から約１０重量％の非イオン性乳化剤およびアニオン性乳化剤の混合物であって、当技術分野で一般に公知でありかつ水をベースにした金属加工用流体で典型的に使用されるものから選択される乳化剤の混合物。 (Example 2)
A fluid D useful for improved machining of consolidated graphite iron was prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention, which had the following:
a) about 22% to about 28% by weight of a lubricant ester, such as 2,2 dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1, tris (hydroxymethyl) propane, or 1 A lubricant ester selected from C 18 fatty acid esters of any of 1,2,3-propanetriol;
b) about 2 wt.% to about 5 wt.% dialkyl polysulfide, wherein R 1 = CH 3 , R 2 = CH 3 , n = 8-10, and m = 3-5 A dialkyl polysulfide selected from those according to
c) about 3 wt.% to about 6 wt.% fatty acid, saturated alkyl chains of between 10 and 16 carbons, saturated and unsaturated alkyl chains of between 18 and 22 carbon atoms in length Fatty acid composed of what is included with a longer chain length carboxylic acid composed of
d) A mixture of about 3 wt% to about 8 wt% amine compound, wherein R 2 = —CH 2 CH 2 OH or cyclic C 6 , wherein R 1 = H or —CH 3 it is H 11, and mixtures of amine compounds consisting of those described by R 3 = a -CH 2 CH 2 OH and cyclic C 6 H 11);
e) about 35 wt.% to about 45 wt.% naphthenic mineral oil having a viscosity at ambient pressure between about 15 cSt and about 30 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; and f) about 4 wt.% A mixture of about 10% by weight of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers selected from those commonly known in the art and typically used in water-based metalworking fluids Mixture of.

そのような流体組成物は、水中に約４重量％から１５重量％の量でかつ圧密化黒鉛鉄などの鉄の機械加工で利用される場合、生じる工具摩耗の率に顕著な低下をもたらし、それと共に機械加工された部品の品質に顕著な強化をもたらす。流体Ｄは、従来の鉄系機械加工流体組成物をベースにした２種の現在使用されている圧密化黒鉛鉄機械加工流体と共に、穴あけ試験で試験をした。これら２種の流体を流体Ｃおよび流体Ｅと称し、共に、本発明で記述される本発明の流体組成物の場合に先駆けた、圧密化黒鉛鉄の機械加工で利用可能な当該分野の技術水準を表す。この試験および比較には流体Ａも含まれる。   Such fluid compositions result in a significant reduction in the rate of tool wear that occurs when used in the machining of iron, such as consolidated graphite iron, in amounts of about 4% to 15% by weight in water, Along with that, it provides a significant enhancement in the quality of machined parts. Fluid D was tested in a drilling test with two currently used consolidated graphite iron machining fluids based on conventional iron-based machining fluid compositions. These two fluids are referred to as Fluid C and Fluid E, both of which are the state of the art available in machining of compacted graphite iron prior to the fluid composition of the present invention described in the present invention. Represents. This test and comparison also includes fluid A.

４種の流体を使用した圧密化黒鉛鉄の穴あけ中に測定された工具摩耗の結果について、図３および４において以下に示す。結果は、流体Ａおよび流体Ｄが、工具摩耗の著しい低減を明らかにもたらし、したがって工具類の有用な持続時間が延びることを実証する。結果は、流体Ａおよび流体Ｄが、約２２％から約４６％の間の範囲の工具摩耗低減をもたらすことを示し、機械加工操作およびプロセスに関連したコストに関して著しい利益があることを表す。   The results of tool wear measured during drilling of consolidated graphite iron using four fluids are shown below in FIGS. The results demonstrate that fluid A and fluid D clearly lead to a significant reduction in tool wear, thus extending the useful duration of tools. The results show that fluid A and fluid D provide tool wear reduction in the range of between about 22% and about 46%, representing significant benefits in terms of costs associated with machining operations and processes.

（実施例３）
圧密化黒鉛鉄の改善された機械加工に有用な流体Ｆを本発明の実施形態により調製し、これは下記のものを有していた：
ａ）約１２重量％から約１８重量％の潤滑剤エステルまたは潤滑剤エステルの組合せであって、２，２ジメチル−１，３−プロパンジオール、２−プロパノール、１，１，１，トリス（ヒドロキシメチル）プロパン、２−ヒドロキシ−１，３−プロパンジオール、２，２−ビス（ヒドロキシメチル）−１，３−プロパンジオール、および１，２，３−プロパントリオールのＣ１８脂肪酸エステルのものから選択される潤滑剤エステルまたは潤滑剤エステルの組合せ。
ｂ）２から５％の間のジアルキルポリスルフィドであって、式１（式中、Ｒ１＝ＣＨ３、Ｒ２＝ＣＨ３、ｎ＝８〜１０、およびｍ＝５〜８である）によるものから選択されるジアルキルポリスルフィド；
ｃ）約１重量％から約７重量％の脂肪酸であって、１６から２２個の間の炭素の飽和および不飽和鎖を含有するものから選択される脂肪酸；
ｄ）約８重量％から約１４重量％のアミン化合物の混合物であって、式２（式中、Ｒ１＝Ｈまたは−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨであり、Ｒ２＝Ｈまたは−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨであり、およびＲ３＝−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨまたは−Ｃ３Ｈ６ＯＨである）により記述されるものからなるアミン化合物の混合物；
ｅ）約５重量％から約９重量％のホウ酸のアミン塩であって、式３：
式３：Ｂ（Ｏ−ＨＮ＋（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨ）ｎ）ｍ
（式中、ｎ＝ｍ＝３である）
で示される構造によるホウ酸のアミン塩；
ｆ）約４０重量％から約５５重量％のナフテン系鉱油であって、周囲圧力での粘度が摂氏４０度で１５〜３０ｃＳｔの間であるナフテン系鉱油；ならびに
ｇ）約４重量％から約１５重量％の非イオン性乳化剤およびアニオン性乳化剤の混合物であって、当技術分野で一般に公知でありかつ水をベースにした金属加工用流体で典型的に使用されるものから選択される乳化剤の混合物。 Example 3
A fluid F useful for improved machining of consolidated graphite iron was prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention, which had the following:
a) about 12% to about 18% by weight of a lubricant ester or a combination of lubricant esters comprising 2,2 dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1, tris (hydroxy) Selected from those of C18 fatty acid esters of methyl) propane, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol, and 1,2,3-propanetriol Lubricant ester or combination of lubricant esters.
b) between 2 and 5% dialkyl polysulfide according to formula 1, wherein R 1 = CH 3 , R 2 = CH 3 , n = 8-10 and m = 5-8 Dialkyl polysulfides selected from:
c) about 1% to about 7% by weight fatty acid selected from those containing between 16 and 22 carbon saturated and unsaturated chains;
d) A mixture of about 8 wt% to about 14 wt% amine compound, wherein R 2 = H or —CH 2 CH 2 OH, and R 2 = H or —CH 2 CH 2 OH and a mixture of amine compounds consisting of those described by R 3 = —CH 2 CH 2 OH or —C 3 H 6 OH;
e) about 5% to about 9% by weight of an amine salt of boric acid having the formula 3:
Formula 3: B (O - HN + (CH 2 CH 2 OH) n) m
(Where n = m = 3)
An amine salt of boric acid according to the structure
f) about 40 wt.% to about 55 wt.% naphthenic mineral oil having a viscosity at ambient pressure between 15-30 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius; and g) about 4 wt.% to about 15 wt. A mixture of weight percent nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, selected from those commonly known in the art and typically used in water-based metalworking fluids .

そのような流体組成物は、水中に約４重量％から約１５重量％の量でブレンドされかつ圧密化黒鉛鉄などの鉄の機械加工で利用された場合、生じる工具摩耗の率に顕著な低下をもたらすと共に、機械加工された部品の品質が顕著な強化をもたらす。   Such fluid compositions significantly reduce the rate of tool wear that occurs when blended in water in amounts of about 4% to about 15% by weight and utilized in machining iron such as consolidated graphite iron. And the quality of the machined part provides a significant enhancement.

流体Ｆを、濃度８％で、Ｇｒａｄｅ ４５０ ＣＧＩの穴あけおよびリーマー加工において試験した。この流体組成物は、鋳鉄機械加工（ＣＧＩを含む）に利用される従来の機械加工流体である流体Ｇと共に試験をし、その性能と比較した。流体Ｇは組成が流体Ｆに類似しているが、硫黄ベースの添加剤を含有していない。   Fluid F was tested in Grade 450 CGI drilling and reaming at a concentration of 8%. This fluid composition was tested with fluid G, a conventional machining fluid utilized in cast iron machining (including CGI), and compared to its performance. Fluid G is similar in composition to Fluid F but does not contain sulfur-based additives.

ＣＧＩと共に、これら２種の流体は、一般的なＣｌａｓｓ４０のねずみ鋳鉄の穴あけおよびリーマー加工においても試験をした。この試験は、本発明で記述される流体組成物の有用性を実証するためだけでなく、ねずみ鋳鉄に比べたＣＧＩの機械加工に関連する固有の困難性も実証するために行った。   Along with CGI, these two fluids were also tested in general Class 40 gray cast iron drilling and reaming. This test was conducted not only to demonstrate the usefulness of the fluid composition described in this invention, but also to demonstrate the inherent difficulties associated with machining CGI compared to gray cast iron.

穴あけ中に測定されたトルク（接線力）は、切断ゾーンにおける摩擦と、金属加工用流体により得られた潤滑性との有用な指標を提示する。穴あけを継続する際に測定されたトルクの変化は、穴あけを継続する際に工具の刃先に生じる変化（摩耗）を反映する。図５に示される結果の検討に際し、標準的なＣｌａｓｓ４０ねずみ鋳鉄に比べて圧密化黒鉛鉄の機械加工に固有のより低い機械加工性とより高度な難題とが明らかに見られる。   The torque (tangential force) measured during drilling provides a useful indication of the friction in the cutting zone and the lubricity obtained with the metal working fluid. The change in torque measured when drilling continues reflects the change (wear) that occurs at the cutting edge of the tool when drilling continues. In reviewing the results shown in FIG. 5, the lower machinability and higher challenges inherent in the machining of consolidated graphite iron are clearly seen compared to standard Class 40 gray cast iron.

結果は、本発明の実施形態の流体（流体Ｆ）の使用によって、切断力がかなり低減された状態で機械加工プロセスが著しく向上することも実証する。好ましい組成物のこの有効性は、穴あけの後に測定された工具摩耗においても見られる。図６は、使用されるドリルに関して得られた工具摩耗を示す。測定された切断力に見られるようにかつこの切断力に矛盾することなく、ねずみ鋳鉄の機械加工に比べて著しく高い摩耗が圧密化黒鉛鉄の機械加工で生じるが、流体Ｆの使用によって、工具の刃先の摩耗を効果的に低減させることが可能になる。   The results also demonstrate that the use of the fluid of the embodiments of the present invention (fluid F) significantly improves the machining process with significantly reduced cutting forces. This effectiveness of the preferred composition is also seen in tool wear measured after drilling. FIG. 6 shows the tool wear obtained for the drill used. As seen in the measured cutting force and without contradiction to this cutting force, significantly higher wear occurs in the machining of consolidated graphite iron than in the machining of gray cast iron. It is possible to effectively reduce the wear of the blade edge.

金属除去が少量の、より低い切断速度で行われるリーマー加工操作は、穴あけの場合に比べてそれほど過酷な操作ではないと見なされるが、それでも本発明の実施形態による流体組成物の使用を経て得られた著しい性能改善が存在すると考えられる。穴あけ後、６本の溝付き固体炭化物リーマーを使用して、穴をリーマー加工した。リーマー加工された１３０個の穴全体を通して測定された表面仕上げを、図７に示す。従来の鉄系機械加工流体（流体Ｇ）の使用により、より粗くリーマー加工された穴の表面が非常に迅速に得られ、流体Ｆの使用によって、得られたリーマー加工済みの穴の表面粗さに著しい改善が得られることがわかる。   Reaming operations where metal removal is performed at lower cutting speeds with a small amount of metal are considered less severe operations than drilling, but are still obtained through the use of fluid compositions according to embodiments of the present invention. It is believed that there has been a significant performance improvement. After drilling, the holes were reamed using 6 grooved solid carbide reamers. The surface finish measured through the 130 reamed holes is shown in FIG. By using the conventional iron-based machining fluid (fluid G), a rougher and reamed hole surface is obtained very quickly, and by using fluid F, the surface roughness of the resulting reamed hole is obtained. It can be seen that a significant improvement is obtained.

（実施例４）
エンジンシリンダーの穴ぐりは、エンジンの生産においてさらに極めて重要な操作の１つであり、比較的高い切断速度で高品質の表面を生成する必要がある。そのような速い切断速度（２５０〜７００ｍ／分）では、多くの現行の高速移送ラインで使用されるものに矛盾することなく、圧密化黒鉛鉄と従来のねずみ鋳鉄との間の機械加工性の差が最も顕著であり得る。先の研究は、インサート摩耗率が、同等な条件下でねずみ鋳鉄の機械加工において得られる場合に比べ、圧密化黒鉛鉄の連続切断において２０〜３０倍大きくなることを報告している。 Example 4
Engine cylinder drilling is one of the more critical operations in engine production and requires the production of high quality surfaces at relatively high cutting speeds. At such high cutting speeds (250-700 m / min), the machinability between consolidated graphite iron and conventional gray cast iron is consistent with that used in many current high speed transfer lines. The difference can be most noticeable. Previous studies have reported that the insert wear rate is 20-30 times greater in continuous cutting of consolidated graphite iron compared to that obtained in gray cast iron machining under comparable conditions.

この実施例では、本発明の実施形態により記述された流体と共に、標準的な従来の鉄系機械加工流体（流体Ｂ）について、エンジンシリンダーの穴ぐり中に生じる連続切断条件をシミュレートするのに利用される旋削操作において評価した。圧密化黒鉛鉄の改善された機械加工に有用な流体Ａを、本発明の実施形態により調製し、これは下記のものを有していた：
ａ）約５重量％から約１０重量％のエステル潤滑剤；
ｂ）約３重量％から約７重量％の硫黄添加剤；
ｃ）８重量％から約１６重量％の鉱油；ならびに
ｄ）アミン、ホウ酸、脂肪酸、および乳化剤を有する残分。 This example simulates the continuous cutting conditions that occur during drilling of an engine cylinder for a standard conventional ferrous machining fluid (fluid B) along with the fluid described by the embodiments of the present invention. Evaluated in the turning operation utilized. A fluid A useful for improved machining of consolidated graphite iron was prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention, which had the following:
a) about 5% to about 10% by weight of ester lubricant;
b) about 3% to about 7% by weight of a sulfur additive;
c) 8% to about 16% by weight mineral oil; and d) a residue having amines, boric acid, fatty acids, and emulsifiers.

流体Ａは、９％の濃度で試験した。機械加工条件は下記の通りである：
・ ５°ラジアルおよび５°軸角でのＣａｒｂｉｄｅ Ｇｒａｄｅ ＫＣ−９１２０切断インサート
・ 速度＝２５０ｍ／分、ｆ＝０．３ｍｍ−ｒｅｖ、Ａｐ＝．２ｍｍ
測定されたパラメーター − インサート摩耗。 Fluid A was tested at a concentration of 9%. The machining conditions are as follows:
Carbide Grade KC-9120 cutting insert at 5 ° radial and 5 ° axial angle Speed = 250 m / min, f = 0.3 mm-rev, Ap =. 2mm
Measured parameter-insert wear.

従来の鉄系機械加工流体（流体Ｂ）を使用して、生じる工具摩耗への影響を評価する際、過酷な摩耗および工具の不良に達するまで切断距離１０．７５Ｋｍにわたり機械加工が続けられた。同一の機械加工条件を使用する、本発明に記述される流体組成物（流体Ａ）の使用では、インサート不良に達するまで切断距離１４Ｋｍにわたり機械加工が続けられた。したがって高速切断条件下では、本発明に記述される流体を使用することにより、インサート摩耗に３０％の低減が得られた。   When using a conventional iron-based machining fluid (fluid B) to evaluate the impact on the resulting tool wear, machining continued for a cutting distance of 10.75 Km until severe wear and tool failure were reached. With the use of the fluid composition described in the present invention (fluid A) using the same machining conditions, the machining was continued for a cutting distance of 14 km until an insert failure was reached. Thus, under high speed cutting conditions, a 30% reduction in insert wear was obtained by using the fluid described in the present invention.

Claims (29)

鉄機械加工用組成物であって、
（ａ）水、
（ｂ）硫黄含有潤滑剤添加剤、および
（ｃ）前記鉄機械加工用組成物の約０重量％から約５０重量％の量で、任意選択で含有される潤滑剤エステル
を含む鉄機械加工用組成物。 A composition for iron machining,
(A) water,
For iron machining comprising (b) a sulfur-containing lubricant additive, and (c) a lubricant ester optionally contained in an amount of about 0% to about 50% by weight of the iron machining composition. Composition. 前記潤滑剤エステルが、前記鉄機械加工用組成物の約０．０５重量％から約５０重量％を構成する、請求項１に記載の組成物。   The composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricant ester comprises from about 0.05% to about 50% by weight of the iron machining composition. 前記潤滑剤エステルが、２，２ジメチル−１，３−プロパンジオール、２−プロパノール、１，１，１，トリス（ヒドロキシメチル）プロパン、２−ヒドロキシ−１，３−プロパンジオール、２，２−ビス（ヒドロキシメチル）−１，３−プロパンジオール、および１，２，３−プロパントリオールのＣ１２〜Ｃ１８脂肪酸エステルのものから選択されるポリオールエステルを含む、請求項１に記載の組成物。 The lubricant ester is 2,2 dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1, tris (hydroxymethyl) propane, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 2,2- bis (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol, and 1,2,3-containing propane polyol ester selected from those of C 12 -C 18 fatty acid esters of triol a composition according to claim 1. 前記潤滑剤エステルが、グリセロールをベースにしたエステルを含む、請求項１に記載の組成物。   The composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricant ester comprises a glycerol-based ester. 前記潤滑剤エステルが、Ｃ１２〜Ｃ１８飽和および不飽和脂肪酸のグリセロールエステルを含む、請求項４に記載の組成物。 The lubricant ester, glycerol ester of C 12 -C 18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acid composition of claim 4. 前記エステルが、植物油および動物脂肪に由来する、請求項５に記載の組成物。   6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the ester is derived from vegetable oil and animal fat. 前記エステルが、脂肪酸とグリセロールとの反応を介した合成により生成される、請求項５に記載の組成物。   6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the ester is produced by synthesis via reaction of a fatty acid and glycerol. 前記潤滑剤エステルが、ポリオールとエチレンオキシドおよび／またはプロピレンオキシドとの初期反応、その後に続くエステル化によって、ポリオキシアルキル化ポリオールエステルが得られるように、生成されたポリオールエステルを含む、請求項１に記載の組成物。   2. The lubricant ester of claim 1, wherein the lubricant ester comprises a produced polyol ester such that an initial reaction of the polyol with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide followed by esterification yields a polyoxyalkylated polyol ester. The composition as described. 前記潤滑剤エステルが、リシノール酸などのヒドロキシル官能化脂肪酸の縮合によって生成されたオリゴマーまたはポリマーエステルを含む、請求項１に記載の組成物。   The composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricant ester comprises an oligomeric or polymeric ester produced by condensation of a hydroxyl functionalized fatty acid such as ricinoleic acid. 前記潤滑剤エステルが、２，２ジメチル−１，３−プロパンジオール、２−プロパノール、１，１，１，トリス（ヒドロキシメチル）プロパン、２−ヒドロキシ−１，３−プロパンジオール、２，２−ビス（ヒドロキシメチル）−１，３−プロパンジオール、１，２，３−プロパントリオール、またはこれらの組合せの、Ｃ１８脂肪酸エステルを含む、請求項１に記載の組成物。 The lubricant ester is 2,2 dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1, tris (hydroxymethyl) propane, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 2,2- The composition of claim 1 comprising a C18 fatty acid ester of bis (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, or a combination thereof. 前記潤滑剤エステルが、前記鉄機械加工用組成物の約５０重量％未満の量で存在する、請求項１に記載の組成物。   The composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricant ester is present in an amount of less than about 50% by weight of the iron machining composition. 前記硫黄含有潤滑剤添加剤が、硫化αオレフィン、二分岐アルキルトリおよびポリスルフィド、硫黄含有カルボン酸、複合硫化エステル、ならびに／またはジアルキルポリスルフィドからなる群から選択される、請求項１に記載の組成物。   The composition of claim 1, wherein the sulfur-containing lubricant additive is selected from the group consisting of sulfurized alpha olefins, bibranched alkyl tris and polysulfides, sulfur-containing carboxylic acids, complex sulfurized esters, and / or dialkyl polysulfides. . 前記硫黄含有潤滑剤添加剤が、式：
ＣＨ３−Ｃ（Ｒ１）（Ｒ２）−（ＣＨ２）ｎ−）ｘ−Ｓｍ
（式中、Ｒ１＝ＨまたはＣＨ３、Ｒ２＝ＨまたはＣＨ３、ｎ＝８〜２０、ｘ＝１〜２、およびｍ＝２〜７である）
を有するものから選択されるジアルキルポリスルフィドを含む、請求項１に記載の組成物。 The sulfur-containing lubricant additive has the formula:
CH 3 -C (R 1) ( R 2) - (CH 2) n-) x -S m
(Wherein R 1 = H or CH 3 , R 2 = H or CH 3 , n = 8-20, x = 1-2, and m = 2-7)
The composition of claim 1 comprising a dialkyl polysulfide selected from those having the formula: 前記硫黄含有潤滑剤添加剤が、約０．５重量％から約７重量％の量で存在する、請求項１に記載の組成物。   The composition of claim 1, wherein the sulfur-containing lubricant additive is present in an amount of about 0.5 wt% to about 7 wt%. 約０重量％から約１２重量％の量で、１２から２２個の間の炭素の飽和および不飽和鎖を含有するものから選択される脂肪酸をさらに含む、請求項１に記載の組成物。   2. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a fatty acid selected from those containing between 12 and 22 carbon saturated and unsaturated chains in an amount of about 0% to about 12% by weight. 約３重量％から約１５重量％のアミン化合物の混合物をさらに含み、
前記アミン化合物が、式Ｒ１（Ｒ２）−Ｎ−Ｒ（式中、Ｒ１＝Ｈ、ＣＨ３、または−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨ、Ｒ２＝Ｈ、ＣＨ３−（ＣＨ２）ｎ（式中、ｎ＝０〜２２である）、−ＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＯＨ、または環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１、およびＲ３＝−（ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ）ｍ−Ｈ（式中、ｍ＝１〜１２である）、ＣＨ３−（ＣＨ２）ｘＯ−（式中、ｘ＝０〜８である）、または環状Ｃ６Ｈ１１である）を有する、請求項１に記載の組成物。 Further comprising a mixture of about 3 wt% to about 15 wt% amine compound;
The amine compound is represented by the formula R 1 (R 2 ) —N—R, wherein R 1 = H, CH 3 , or —CH 2 CH 2 OH, R 2 = H, CH 3 — (CH 2 ) n ( wherein an n = 0~22), - CH 2 CH 2 OH or cyclic C 6 H 11,, and R 3 = - (CH 2 CH 2 O) m -H ( wherein m = 1 to 12 2 ), CH 3 — (CH 2 ) x O— (where x = 0 to 8), or cyclic C 6 H 11 . 前記アミンが、エタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、２−アミノ−２−メチルプロパノール、ジシクロヘキシルアミン、ジグリコールアミン、またはこれらの組合せを含む、請求項１６に記載の組成物。   17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the amine comprises ethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methylpropanol, dicyclohexylamine, diglycolamine, or combinations thereof. 約０重量％から約１５重量％のアミン−ホウ酸をさらに含み、
前記アミン−ホウ酸が、アルカノールアミンホウ酸エステル、アミンポリボレート、ホウ酸のアミン塩、およびこれらの組合せを含む、請求項１に記載の組成物。 Further comprising from about 0% to about 15% by weight of amine-boric acid;
The composition of claim 1, wherein the amine-boric acid comprises an alkanolamine borate ester, an amine polyborate, an amine salt of boric acid, and combinations thereof. 約０重量％から約４０重量％の鉱油をさらに含み、
前記鉱油がパラフィン油、ナフテン油、またはこれらの混合物を含み、周囲圧力での粘度が摂氏４０度で約１５ｃＳｔから約３０ｃＳｔの間である、請求項１に記載の組成物。 Further comprising from about 0% to about 40% by weight mineral oil;
The composition of claim 1, wherein the mineral oil comprises paraffin oil, naphthenic oil, or mixtures thereof and has a viscosity at ambient pressure of between about 15 cSt and about 30 cSt at 40 degrees Celsius. 約４重量％から約１０重量％の、非イオン性乳化剤およびアニオン性乳化剤の混合物をさらに含む、請求項１に記載の組成物。   The composition of claim 1, further comprising from about 4% to about 10% by weight of a mixture of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers. 請求項１に記載の流体組成物を、機械加工中に鉄に付与する工程を含む、鉄を機械加工する方法。   A method of machining iron comprising applying the fluid composition of claim 1 to the iron during machining. 水希釈液の形をとる請求項１に記載の流体組成物を、機械加工中に鉄に付与する工程を含む、鉄を機械加工する方法。   A method of machining iron comprising applying the fluid composition of claim 1 in the form of a water dilution to the iron during machining. 請求項１に記載の前記流体組成物が、鉄の機械加工で使用される前に２重量％から５０重量％の間の濃度まで水で希釈される、請求項２２に記載の方法。   23. The method of claim 22, wherein the fluid composition of claim 1 is diluted with water to a concentration between 2% and 50% by weight prior to use in iron machining. 請求項１に記載の前記流体組成物が、鉄の機械加工で使用される前に２重量％から１５重量％の間の濃度まで水で希釈される、請求項２２に記載の方法。   23. The method of claim 22, wherein the fluid composition of claim 1 is diluted with water to a concentration between 2 wt% and 15 wt% prior to use in iron machining. 請求項１に記載の流体組成物を、機械加工中に鉄に付与する工程を含む、鉄の機械加工中に工具摩耗を低減させる方法。   A method of reducing tool wear during iron machining comprising applying the fluid composition of claim 1 to iron during machining. 鉄の機械加工中に低減される工具摩耗が、２重量％から５０重量％の間の濃度まで水で希釈された前記流体組成物の使用によって実現される、請求項２５に記載の方法。   26. The method of claim 25, wherein tool wear reduced during iron machining is achieved by use of the fluid composition diluted with water to a concentration between 2 wt% and 50 wt%. 鉄の機械加工中に低減される工具摩耗が、２重量％から１５重量％の間の濃度まで水で希釈された前記流体組成物の使用によって実現される、請求項２５に記載の方法。   26. The method of claim 25, wherein tool wear reduced during iron machining is achieved by use of the fluid composition diluted with water to a concentration between 2 wt% and 15 wt%. 前記工具摩耗が、従来の潤滑剤流体に比べて約５％から約９０％低減される、請求項２５に記載の方法。   26. The method of claim 25, wherein the tool wear is reduced from about 5% to about 90% compared to a conventional lubricant fluid. 前記鉄が圧密化黒鉛鉄を含む、請求項２１に記載の方法。   The method of claim 21, wherein the iron comprises consolidated graphite iron.
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