JP2015200530A - Habitability evaluation system on oscillation of building - Google Patents
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- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、建物の振動による居住性の変化をリアルタイムで把握するための建物の振動に関する居住性評価システムに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a habitability evaluation system related to building vibration for grasping changes in habitability due to building vibration in real time.
従来、建物に生じる振動の大きさを目視可能に表示するシステムとしては、もっぱら地震発生時に、当該建物における構造被害を確かめるための情報として、上記建物の加速度の最大値を表示するシステムが既に開発されている。 Conventionally, as a system that displays the magnitude of vibration generated in a building so as to be visible, a system that displays the maximum acceleration of the building has already been developed as information for confirming structural damage in the building when an earthquake occurs. Has been.
一方、超高層建物においては、強風によっても、高層部において居住性を損なうほどの振動（揺れ）が生じることがある。しかしながら、上記建物の揺れ等を監視する防災センター等の管理室は、高層部よりも揺れが遥かに小さい低層部に設置されているために、実際に高層部においてどの程度の揺れが生じているかを把握することが難しいという問題点があった。 On the other hand, in high-rise buildings, even strong winds may cause vibrations (swaying) in high-rise areas that impair habitability. However, since the control room such as the disaster prevention center that monitors the shaking of the building is installed in the lower part where the shaking is much smaller than the upper part, how much shaking actually occurs in the upper part There was a problem that it was difficult to grasp.
そこで従来、このような平常時における建物の振動に関する居住性を評価するには、一般的に、揺れが大きい時間帯の振動波形データを収集し、周波数分析を行って得られた最大加速度を、図５に示すような、横軸が振動数で縦軸が加速度のグラフ上にプロットすることにより、同グラフ中に表記した居住性評価指針（下記非特許文献１）と比較する方法が採用されていた。 Therefore, conventionally, in order to evaluate the habitability regarding the vibration of the building in such a normal time, generally, the maximum acceleration obtained by performing the frequency analysis by collecting the vibration waveform data in the time zone when the shaking is large, As shown in FIG. 5, by plotting on a graph in which the horizontal axis is the frequency and the vertical axis is the acceleration, a method of comparison with the habitability evaluation guideline (the following non-patent document 1) described in the graph is adopted. It was.
しかしながら、上記従来の居住性評価方法にあっては、事後的に建物の揺れが居住性に与える影響を検証するものであって、現に建物に居る人の居住性をリアルタイムに評価することはできない。しかも、通常強風等によっては卓越しない高次の固有周波数についても周波数分析を行っているために、解析作業が煩雑化するという問題点もある。 However, in the conventional habitability evaluation method described above, the effect of the shaking of the building on the habitability is verified after the fact, and it is not possible to evaluate the habitability of people who are actually in the building in real time. . In addition, since the frequency analysis is also performed for high-order natural frequencies that are not usually superior due to strong winds or the like, there is a problem that the analysis work becomes complicated.
また、建物に居る人が揺れを不快に感じるか否かは、揺れの大きさのみならず、揺れの継続時間にも依存するが、上記従来の居住性評価方法においては、継続時間に関するデータが含まれていないために、実状の居住性を把握することができない。 Whether or not a person in the building feels uncomfortable shaking depends not only on the magnitude of the shaking but also on the duration of the shaking. Because it is not included, it is impossible to grasp the actual habitability.
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、強風等によって大きな揺れが生じる建物の上部における居住性をリアルタイムに、かつ容易に評価することができる建物の振動に関する居住性評価システムを提供することを課題とするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a habitability evaluation system related to building vibration that can easily evaluate the habitability in the upper part of a building that is greatly shaken by a strong wind or the like in real time. It is an object to do.
上記課題を解決するため、請求項１に記載の本発明に係る建物の振動に関する居住性評価システムは、建物の上部に設置されて当該建物の振動の大きさを時刻歴データとして検出する振動検出手段と、この振動検出手段から送信された上記時刻歴データから上記設置個所における居住性を評価する評価手段とを備えてなり、上記評価手段は、上記建物の固有周期に対応した複数段階の居住性の評価基準を設定するとともに、上記振動検出手段によって検出された上記時刻歴データから一定時間ごとに上記振動の最大値を算出する演算手段と、この演算手段によって算出された上記複数段階の上記評価基準と上記振動の最大値とを、リアルタイムに、横軸を上記最大値の算出時刻とし縦軸を上記振動の大きさとする座標上に目視可能に表示する表示手段とを備えてなることを特徴とするものである。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the habitability evaluation system for building vibration according to the present invention as set forth in claim 1 is installed in the upper part of the building and detects the magnitude of the building vibration as time history data. And evaluation means for evaluating the habitability at the installation location from the time history data transmitted from the vibration detection means, wherein the evaluation means includes a plurality of stages of residence corresponding to the natural period of the building. And calculating the maximum value of the vibration at regular intervals from the time history data detected by the vibration detection means, and the plurality of stages of the calculation calculated by the calculation means The evaluation criteria and the maximum value of the vibration are visibly displayed in real time on a coordinate having the horizontal axis as the time of calculation of the maximum value and the vertical axis as the magnitude of the vibration. And it is characterized in by comprising a shown means.
ここで、評価基準を得るための建物の固有周期としては、当該建物における居住性に対して最も影響を与える周期を選択することができる。例えば、建物の中央部では、Ｘ方向に対してはＸ方向の１次モードを採用するとともに、Ｙ方向に対してはＹ方向の１次モードを採用し、建物の端部では、Ｘ方向に対してはＸ方向の１次モードおよび捩れ１次モードを採用するとともに、Ｙ方向に対してはＹ方向の１次モードおよび捩れ１次モードを採用することができる。あるいは、各評価点について、全体１次〜９次までのモードの振動を予め測定して算出し、上記評価基準と比較して当該評価点ごとに最も居住性評価ラインと近いモードを決定して、当該モードを対象とする等によって対応することともできる。 Here, as the natural period of the building for obtaining the evaluation standard, a period that most influences the habitability in the building can be selected. For example, in the central part of the building, the primary mode in the X direction is adopted for the X direction, the primary mode in the Y direction is adopted for the Y direction, and in the X direction at the edge of the building. On the other hand, a primary mode and a torsional primary mode in the X direction can be adopted, and a primary mode and a torsional primary mode in the Y direction can be adopted for the Y direction. Alternatively, for each evaluation point, the vibrations of the first to ninth modes are measured and calculated in advance, and the mode closest to the habitability evaluation line is determined for each evaluation point in comparison with the above evaluation criteria. This can be dealt with by targeting the mode.
また、請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の発明において、上記演算手段は、上記時刻歴データに基づいて、周波数分析によって上記固有周期を算出し、得られた上記固有周期によって上記評価基準を更新することを特徴とするものである。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the calculating means calculates the natural period by frequency analysis based on the time history data, and uses the obtained natural period. The above evaluation criteria are updated.
また、請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項１または２に記載の発明において、上記建物の上部には、当該建物内の人の有無および人が活動中または安静中であることを検知するセンサーが設置されるとともに、検知された無人、活動中および安静中の数に対応して、上記評価基準に重みづけをして上記表示手段に表示することを特徴とするものである。 The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the presence or absence of a person in the building and that the person is active or resting is detected at the upper part of the building. A sensor is installed, and the evaluation criterion is weighted and displayed on the display means in accordance with the number of unattended, active and resting detected.
請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の発明によれば、建物の上部に設置された振動検出手段によって検出された振動の大きさの時刻歴データから、演算手段によって一定時間ごとに上記振動の最大値を算出するとともに、上記建物の固有周期に対応した複数段階の居住性の評価基準を設定し、これら振動の最大値と複数段階の評価基準とを、リアルタイムに、横軸を上記最大値の算出時刻とし縦軸を上記振動の最大値とする座標上に目視可能に表示しているために、強風等によって大きな揺れが生じる建物の上部における居住性を、その継続時間も含めてリアルタイムに、かつ容易に評価することができる。 According to the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 3, from the time history data of the magnitude of vibration detected by the vibration detecting means installed on the upper part of the building, the vibration of the vibrations at regular intervals by the calculating means. In addition to calculating the maximum value, set multiple levels of assessment standards for habitability corresponding to the natural period of the building.The maximum value of these vibrations and the multiple levels of evaluation criteria are set in real time, and the horizontal axis is the maximum value. Since the calculation time of the vertical axis is visibly displayed on the coordinates with the maximum value of the vibration, the habitability in the upper part of the building where the large sway is caused by strong wind etc., including its duration, in real time And can be easily evaluated.
この際に、上記複数段階の居住性を評価する基準としては、例えば日本建築学会の建築物の振動に関する居住性能評価指針をそのまま用いることができる。 At this time, as a standard for evaluating the multi-stage habitability, for example, the residential performance evaluation guidelines regarding the vibration of buildings of the Architectural Institute of Japan can be used as they are.
また、居住性の評価基準は、加速度と振動数とに依存するものであるのに対して、建物の固有周期は、これまでに受けた振動の履歴や気候などによって変動する。このため、請求項２に記載の発明のように、上記演算手段によって、リアルタイムに得られた振動に基づいて、周波数分析により上記建物の固有周期を算出して上記評価基準を変化させれば、実状に合ったより正確な評価を行うことができる。 In addition, while the evaluation standard for habitability depends on acceleration and vibration frequency, the natural period of the building varies depending on the history of vibrations received so far, the climate, and the like. Therefore, as in the invention described in claim 2, if the natural period of the building is calculated by frequency analysis based on the vibration obtained in real time by the arithmetic means, and the evaluation criterion is changed, A more accurate evaluation that matches the actual situation can be performed.
ところで、建物内の人が、当該建物の揺れ（振動）を不快に感じるか否かは、揺れの物理的データである振動の大きさから一義的に決まるものではなく、その人の活動状況によって大きく異なる。
他方、近年、例えば特開２０１２−２７２０号公報に見られるように、建物内の人の有無および人が活動中または安静中であることを検知することができるドップラー効果を利用したマイクロ波電波センサーが開発されている。
By the way, whether a person in a building feels uncomfortable with the vibration (vibration) of the building is not uniquely determined from the magnitude of the vibration, which is physical data of the vibration, and depends on the activity status of the person. to differ greatly.
On the other hand, in recent years, as shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-2720, a microwave radio wave sensor using the Doppler effect that can detect the presence or absence of a person in a building and that the person is active or resting Has been developed.
そこで、請求項３に記載の発明のように、この種のセンサーを建物の上部に設置して、検知された無人、活動中および安静中の数に対応して、上記評価基準に重みづけをして上記表示手段に表示するようにすれば、建物内に居る人の揺れの感じ方の実情に合わせて、上記揺れが居住性を損なう程のものであるか否かを、リアルタイムに一層細かく評価することが可能になる。 Therefore, as in the third aspect of the present invention, a sensor of this type is installed at the top of the building, and the above evaluation criteria are weighted according to the number of unmanned, active and resting detected. If it is displayed on the display means, it will be more detailed in real time whether or not the above-mentioned shaking will impair the comfortability according to the actual feeling of the shaking of the people in the building. It becomes possible to evaluate.
図１〜図４は、本発明に係る建物の振動に関する居住性評価システムの一実施形態を示すものである。
図１および図２は、この居住性評価システムの概略構成を示すもので、この居住性評価システムは、超高層建物（以下、建物と略す。）１の頂部に設置されて建物１の振動による加速度（振動の大きさ）を時刻歴データとして検出する加速度計（振動検出手段）２と、この加速度計２から伝送手段３を介して送信された加速度の時刻歴データから建物１の高層部における居住性を評価する評価手段４とから概略構成されたものである。なお、図中符号９は、建物１の頂部に設置された制振装置である。
1 to 4 show an embodiment of a habitability evaluation system relating to vibration of a building according to the present invention.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a schematic configuration of this habitability evaluation system. This habitability evaluation system is installed on the top of a high-rise building (hereinafter abbreviated as “building”) 1 and is caused by vibration of the building 1. An accelerometer (vibration detecting means) 2 that detects acceleration (magnitude of vibration) as time history data, and acceleration time history data transmitted from the accelerometer 2 through the transmission means 3 in the upper part of the building 1 It is roughly composed of the evaluation means 4 for evaluating the habitability. In addition, the code | symbol 9 in a figure is the damping device installed in the top part of the building 1. FIG.
そして、評価手段４は、パーソナルコンピュータ（ＰＣ）５と、このＰＣ５に接続されたモニタ（表示手段）６とから構成されている。ここで、ＰＣ５は、全体を統括制御するＣＰＵ（主制御部）に、入出力制御部を介して実行プログラムを記録したハードディスク等の記憶装置やキーボードやマウス等の入力装置が接続されることによって演算部が構成されたもので、例えば建物１の地下階に設けられた防災センター８等に設置されている。 The evaluation unit 4 includes a personal computer (PC) 5 and a monitor (display unit) 6 connected to the PC 5. Here, the PC 5 is connected to a CPU (main control unit) that performs overall control by connecting a storage device such as a hard disk or an input device such as a keyboard or a mouse that records an execution program via the input / output control unit. The calculation unit is configured, and is installed in, for example, the disaster prevention center 8 provided on the basement floor of the building 1.
また、ハードディスク等の記憶装置内には、上述した日本建築学会の建築物の振動に関する居住性能評価指針のデータが格納されている。この居住性能評価指針は、図５に示したように、振動数（Ｈｚ）および加速度（Ｇａｌ）の関係から、人が揺れを感じする割合ｘ（％）を、ｘ＝１０、３０、５０、７０および９０について各々Ｈ-ｘの境界線で示したものである。 In addition, in the storage device such as a hard disk, the data on the residential performance evaluation guidelines regarding the vibration of the building of the Architectural Institute of Japan mentioned above is stored. As shown in FIG. 5, this living performance evaluation guideline indicates a ratio x (%) at which a person feels a shake from the relationship between the frequency (Hz) and the acceleration (Gal), where x = 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 are indicated by Hx boundary lines.
さらに、本実施形態においては、建物１の全階層数の上から１／４程度（例えば、４０階建ての建物においては、３１階〜４０階を評価対象として、各々図示されない高性能の人感センサーが設置されている。これらの人感センサーは、ドップラー効果を利用したマイクロ波電波センサーであり、建物１内に人が居住しているか、あるいは無人かを検知することに加えて、さらに居住する人が活動中であるか、あるいは安静中であることを検知することができるものである。 Furthermore, in the present embodiment, about one-fourth from the top of the total number of floors of the building 1 (for example, in a 40-story building, the 31st to 40th floors are subject to evaluation, and high-performance human feelings not shown in the figure are shown. These human sensors are microwave radio wave sensors that use the Doppler effect, and in addition to detecting whether people are resident in the building 1 or unoccupied, It is possible to detect that the person who is performing is active or resting.
そして、この居住性評価システムにおいては、加速度計２から伝送手段３を介してＰＣ５に常時加速度の時刻歴データおよび人感センサーからの検知信号が送信されるとともに、送信されたこれらのデータから、ＰＣ５において以下の演算を行って、得られた結果をリアルタイムにモニタ６に表示するようになっている。 In this habitability evaluation system, the accelerometer 2 transmits the time history data of acceleration and the detection signal from the human sensor to the PC 5 via the transmission means 3, and from these transmitted data, The PC 5 performs the following calculation and displays the obtained result on the monitor 6 in real time.
すなわち、ＰＣ５においては、図３に示すように、送信されてくる時刻歴データを１０分ごとに保存するとともに、各１０分間の時刻歴データに対して周波数分析を行って建物１の１次固有周期を算出する。そして、得られた１次固有周期を用いて、記憶装置に格納されている日本建築学会の建築物の振動に関する居住性能評価指針のデータから、当該１次固有周期に対応するＨ−１０〜Ｈ−９０の各加速度の値を算出する。 That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the PC 5 stores the transmitted time history data every 10 minutes, and performs frequency analysis on each 10 minute time history data to perform the primary uniqueness of the building 1. Calculate the period. Then, using the obtained primary natural period, H-10 to H corresponding to the primary natural period from the data of the residential performance evaluation guidelines on the vibration of the building of the Architectural Institute of Japan stored in the storage device. The value of each acceleration of −90 is calculated.
そしてさらに、得られたＨ−１０〜Ｈ−９０の各加速度の値に、各々の人感センサーが検知した安静中の人、活動中の人および無人のそれぞれの数から、例えば安静中の人が多い場合には０．８倍、活動中の人が多い場合には１．２倍、無人である場合には１．５倍といった倍率を掛けて、修正したＨ−１０〜Ｈ−９０の各加速度の値を算出する。 Further, the obtained acceleration values of H-10 to H-90 are obtained from the numbers of resting persons, active persons and unmanned persons detected by the human sensors, for example, resting persons. Of H-10 to H-90 corrected by multiplying by 0.8 times when there are many people, 1.2 times when there are many active people, and 1.5 times when there are unattended people The value of each acceleration is calculated.
これと併行して、１０分ごとに保存した建物１の加速度の時刻歴データに、１次固有周期を含む周波数帯のバンドパスフィルターを施し、これによって得られた加速度波形の最大値を求める。 In parallel with this, the time history data of the acceleration of the building 1 stored every 10 minutes is subjected to a bandpass filter in a frequency band including the primary natural period, and the maximum value of the acceleration waveform obtained thereby is obtained.
そして、モニタ６上に、図４に示すように、横軸を上記加速度波形の最大値の算出時刻とし、縦軸を加速度とする座標上に、修正したＨ−１０〜Ｈ−９０の各加速度の値を評価ラインとして表示させるとともに、上記算出時刻に対応した加速度波形の最大値とをリアルタイムに表示させる。 Then, on the monitor 6, as shown in FIG. 4, each acceleration of H-10 to H-90 corrected on the coordinate with the horizontal axis as the calculation time of the maximum value of the acceleration waveform and the vertical axis as the acceleration. Is displayed as an evaluation line, and the maximum value of the acceleration waveform corresponding to the calculation time is displayed in real time.
以上の構成からなる建物の振動に関する居住性評価システムによれば、建物１の高層部に設置された加速度計２によって検出された加速度の時刻歴データから、ＰＣ５によって１０分ごとに１次固有周期を含む周波数帯のバンドパスフィルターを施して、得られた加速度波形の最大値を算出するとともに、建物１の１次固有周期に対応したＨ‐１０〜Ｈ−９０の複数段階の居住性の評価基準を設定し、これら加速度の最大値と複数段階の評価基準とを、モニタ６に、横軸を上記最大値の算出時刻とし、縦軸を加速度とする座標上にリアルタイムに目視可能に表示しているために、強風等によって大きな揺れが生じる建物１の高層部における居住性を、その継続時間も含めてリアルタイムに、かつ容易に評価することができる。 According to the habitability evaluation system relating to the vibration of the building having the above-described configuration, the primary natural period is obtained every 10 minutes by the PC 5 from the time history data of the acceleration detected by the accelerometer 2 installed in the high-rise part of the building 1. In addition to calculating the maximum value of the obtained acceleration waveform by applying a band-pass filter in the frequency band including, and evaluating the habitability of multiple stages H-10 to H-90 corresponding to the primary natural period of the building 1 A reference is set, and the maximum value of acceleration and the evaluation criteria of a plurality of stages are displayed on the monitor 6 so as to be visible in real time on coordinates with the horizontal axis as the calculation time of the maximum value and the vertical axis as the acceleration. For this reason, it is possible to easily evaluate the habitability in the high-rise part of the building 1 where a large shake is caused by strong winds or the like, including its duration, in real time.
この際に、強風等による振動によって生じる建物１の加速度においては、通常当該建物１の１次固有周期の前後において最大となることに着目し、１０分ごとの時刻歴データに対して、上記１次固有周期を含む周波数帯のバンドパスフィルターを施してその加速度波形の最大値を算出しているために、処理の簡易化および短縮化を図ることができる。 At this time, paying attention to the fact that the acceleration of the building 1 caused by vibrations caused by strong winds and the like is usually the maximum before and after the primary natural period of the building 1, the above-mentioned 1 for the time history data every 10 minutes. Since the maximum value of the acceleration waveform is calculated by applying the bandpass filter of the frequency band including the next natural period, the processing can be simplified and shortened.
加えて、ＰＣ５において、加速度計２から送信された時刻歴データから周波数分析により建物の１次固有周期を算出して、当該１次固有周期に対応するＨ−１０〜Ｈ−９０の各加速度の値を算出しているために、これまでに受けた振動の履歴や気候などによって建物１の固有周期が変動した場合においても、リアルタイムに得られた１次固有周期の値に応じて正確な評価を行うことができる。 In addition, in the PC 5, the primary natural period of the building is calculated by frequency analysis from the time history data transmitted from the accelerometer 2, and each acceleration of H-10 to H-90 corresponding to the primary natural period is calculated. Because the value is calculated, even if the natural period of the building 1 fluctuates due to the history of vibrations and climate received so far, accurate evaluation is performed according to the value of the primary natural period obtained in real time It can be performed.
さらに、建物１の高層部に、高性能な人感センサーを設置して、検知された無人、活動中および安静中の数に対応して、上記評価基準Ｈ−１０〜Ｈ−９０に重みづけをしてモニタ６に表示させているために、建物１内に居る人の揺れの感じ方の実情に合わせて、上記揺れが居住性を損なう程のものであるか否かを、リアルタイムに一層細かく評価することができる。 Furthermore, a high-performance human sensor is installed in a high-rise part of the building 1 and weights the evaluation criteria H-10 to H-90 according to the number of unmanned, active and resting detected. Since it is displayed on the monitor 6 in accordance with the actual situation of how the person in the building 1 feels the shaking, whether or not the shaking is so detrimental to the habitability is further determined in real time. It can be evaluated in detail.
なお、上記実施形態においては、建物１の頂部に加速度計２を設置し、強風等に起因する建物１の振動の大きさとして加速度を用いた場合についてのみ説明したが、本発明は、これに限定されるものではなく、速度や変位等を用いることも可能である。 In the above embodiment, the accelerometer 2 is installed at the top of the building 1 and the acceleration is used as the magnitude of the vibration of the building 1 caused by strong winds. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It is not limited, and speed, displacement, etc. can be used.
１ 建物
２ 加速度計（振動検出手段）
４ 評価手段
５ ＰＣ（演算手段）
６ モニタ（表示手段）
1 Building 2 Accelerometer (Vibration detection means)
4 Evaluation means 5 PC (calculation means)
6 Monitor (display means)
Claims (3)
上記評価手段は、上記建物の固有周期に対応した複数段階の居住性の評価基準を設定するとともに、上記振動検出手段によって検出された上記時刻歴データから一定時間ごとに上記振動の最大値を算出する演算手段と、
この演算手段によって算出された上記複数段階の上記評価基準と上記振動の最大値とを、リアルタイムに、横軸を上記最大値の算出時刻とし縦軸を上記振動の大きさとする座標上に目視可能に表示する表示手段とを備えてなることを特徴とする建物の振動に関する居住性評価システム。 Vibration detection means installed on the top of the building and detecting the magnitude of vibration of the building as time history data, and evaluation means for evaluating the habitability at the installation location from the time history data transmitted from the vibration detection means And
The evaluation means sets a plurality of stages of evaluation standards for habitability corresponding to the natural period of the building, and calculates the maximum value of the vibration at regular intervals from the time history data detected by the vibration detection means. Computing means for
The evaluation criteria calculated by the calculation means and the maximum value of the vibration can be visually checked in real time on the coordinates where the horizontal axis is the calculation time of the maximum value and the vertical axis is the magnitude of the vibration. A system for evaluating habitability related to vibrations of a building, characterized by comprising display means for displaying on the screen.
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