JP2015195833A - Blood purification device and draining method of blood purification device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a blood purification device capable of draining fluid in a secondary side of a blood purification membrane, besides draining a blood circuit, and automatically performing both processes.SOLUTION: A blood purification apparatus 1 includes: a gas introduction part 12 that is connected to a dialysis fluid supply circuit 80 for introducing gas into the dialysis fluid supply circuit 80; a gas supply circuit 13 that is connected to the dialysis fluid supply circuit 80 and a blood circuit 10 for supplying the gas introduced from the gas introduction part 12 to the dialysis fluid supply circuit 80, to the blood circuit 10 without passing through a blood purification membrane 30 of the blood purifier 20; and pumps 120 and 102 that discharge residual fluid of the blood circuit 10 via the blood purification membrane 30 of the blood purifier 20 to a dialysis fluid discharge circuit 81.

Description

  The present invention relates to a blood purification device and a method for draining the blood purification device.

  For example, a blood purification apparatus that performs blood purification treatment such as hemodialysis includes a blood purification device having a blood purification membrane such as a hollow fiber membrane. The blood purification apparatus includes a blood circuit that sends a patient's blood to a blood purification device by a blood pump and returns the blood from the blood purification device to the patient, and a dialysate circuit that sends dialysate to the blood purification device and discharges the blood from the blood purification device. In this blood purification apparatus, while circulating blood in the blood circuit extracorporeally, the dialysate in the dialysate circuit is supplied to the blood purifier, and blood is passed through the primary side of the blood purification membrane in the blood purifier and the dialysate is passed through the blood purification membrane. Through the secondary side, waste products in the blood are discharged to the dialysate side through the blood purification membrane, and the blood is purified.

  By the way, in this type of blood purification apparatus, it is desired to drain the liquid remaining in the circuit after the blood purification treatment is completed. As a method of draining, it has been proposed to manually disconnect the liquid replacement line from the liquid replacement source, introduce air from the end of the liquid replacement line, and empty the blood tube (blood circuit). (See Patent Document 1).

Special table 2010-502321 gazette

  However, in the method of Patent Document 1, it is necessary to manually separate the liquid replacement source, which is troublesome. Moreover, the secondary side of the blood purification membrane cannot be drained.

  The present application has been made in view of such a point, and in addition to the blood circuit, a blood purification device that can also perform the drainage of the secondary side of the blood purification membrane and can perform them automatically, and its It is an object of the present invention to provide a draining method.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a blood purifier having a blood purification membrane, and blood in a blood collection unit is sent to a primary side of the blood purification membrane of the blood purification device by a blood pump. A blood circuit for returning from the primary side of the purification membrane to the blood return unit, a dialysate supply circuit for supplying dialysate to the secondary side of the blood purification membrane of the blood purification device, and a blood purification membrane of the blood purification device A dialysis fluid discharge circuit for discharging from the secondary side of the blood purification device, wherein the blood collection unit and the blood return unit are configured to be connectable, connected to the dialysate supply circuit, and supplied with the dialysate A gas introduction part for introducing gas into the circuit, the dialysate supply circuit and the blood circuit are connected, and the gas introduced from the gas introduction part into the dialysate supply circuit is converted into blood of the blood purifier Gas for supplying the blood circuit without going through the purification membrane It has a supply circuit, and a pumping device for discharging the dialysis fluid discharge circuit of the residual liquid through the blood purification membrane of the blood purifier of the blood circuit includes the blood purification apparatus.

  The pumping device may have a pump provided in the gas supply circuit.

  The pressure feeding device may have a pump provided in the dialysate discharge circuit.

  The blood purification device may further include a pressure feeding device for sending the gas introduced from the gas introduction unit to the dialysate supply circuit to the secondary side of the blood purification membrane of the blood purification device.

  The blood purification device includes a pressure sensor capable of detecting a pressure on at least one of the primary side and the secondary side of the blood purification membrane, and a pressure applied to the blood purification membrane based on a detection result of the pressure sensor. And a control device that adjusts the pumping amount of the pumping device so as to fall within the range.

  A controller for driving the blood pump of the blood circuit to circulate the residual liquid of the blood circuit when discharging the residual liquid of the blood circuit to the dialysate discharge circuit through the blood purification membrane; It may be.

  The control device may circulate the residual fluid of the blood circuit by rotating the blood pump forward and backward.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of draining a blood purification apparatus, wherein a blood collection part and a blood return part of a blood circuit connected to a blood purification device are connected and the blood circuit is in an annular state. The blood purification membrane of the blood purifier is introduced into the dialysate supply circuit from the gas introduction unit, and the gas in the dialysate supply circuit is passed through the gas supply circuit connecting the dialysate supply circuit and the blood circuit. A method for draining the blood purification apparatus is provided, which includes a step of supplying the blood circuit without intervention and discharging the residual liquid of the blood circuit to the dialysate discharge circuit via the blood purification membrane of the blood purifier.

  The method for removing blood from the blood purification apparatus may further include a step of supplying the gas introduced from the gas introduction unit to the dialysate supply circuit to the secondary side of the blood purification membrane of the blood purification device. Good.

  A blood pump provided in the blood circuit may be driven and discharged to the dialysate discharge circuit while circulating the remaining liquid in the blood circuit.

  The blood pump may be rotated forward and backward to circulate the residual liquid of the blood circuit.

  The residual fluid of the blood circuit may be discharged to the dialysate discharge circuit through the blood purification membrane so that the pressure applied to the blood purification membrane falls within a predetermined range.

  According to the present invention, in addition to the blood circuit, the secondary side of the blood purification membrane can be drained, and these can be automatically performed.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline of a structure of the blood purification apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows the mode of the blood purification process of the apparatus of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the mode of the liquid discharge 1st process of the apparatus of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the mode of the 2nd liquid discharge process of the apparatus of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the blood purification apparatus without a drainage pump. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the blood purification apparatus which has a pump in a dialysate supply circuit. It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline of a structure of the blood purification apparatus which has another circuit structure.

  Hereinafter, an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the positional relationship such as up, down, left, and right in the drawing is based on the positional relationship shown in the drawing unless otherwise specified. The dimensional ratios in the drawings are not limited to the illustrated ratios. Furthermore, the following embodiment is an illustration for explaining the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention only to the embodiment. The present invention can be variously modified without departing from the gist thereof.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of the configuration of blood purification apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. The blood purification apparatus 1 includes, for example, a blood circuit 10, a dialysate circuit 11, a gas introduction unit 12, a gas supply circuit 13, and a control device 14.

  The blood circuit 10 includes, for example, a blood collection circuit 22 that connects the blood collection unit 21 and the blood purifier 20, and a blood return circuit 24 that connects the blood purification unit 20 and the blood return unit 23.

  The blood purifier 20 has a blood purification membrane 30 made of a hollow fiber membrane or the like in a cylindrical module. The blood purifier 20 includes an inlet portion 20a and an outlet portion 20b that communicate with the primary side (blood side) of the blood purification membrane 30, and an inlet portion 20c and an outlet portion 20d that communicate with the secondary side (dialysate side) of the blood purification membrane 30. have. The blood purifier 20 is installed upright in the vertical direction so that, for example, the outlet 20d side is below the inlet 20c.

  The blood collection circuit 22 is composed of, for example, a soft tube, and is connected to the inlet 20a of the blood purifier 20. The blood collection circuit 22 is provided with a blood pump 40. As the blood pump 40, for example, a pump capable of forward / reverse rotation is used.

  The blood return circuit 24 is composed of, for example, a soft tube, and is connected to the outlet 20b of the blood purifier 20. For example, a pressure sensor 50 is provided in the blood return circuit 24.

  The blood collection circuit 22 and the blood return circuit 24 are provided with clamp valves 60 and 61, and the vicinity of the blood collection part 21 and the blood return part 23 can be freely opened and closed. Further, the blood collection unit 21 of the blood collection circuit 22 and the blood return unit 23 of the blood return circuit 24 are configured to be connectable.

  The dialysate circuit 11 includes, for example, a dialysate supply circuit 80 that leads from a dialysate supply source (not shown) to the secondary side inlet 20c of the blood purifier 20, and a secondary side outlet 20d of the blood purifier 20 from the secondary side. The dialysate discharge circuit 81 leads to. These dialysate supply circuit 80 and dialysate discharge circuit 81 are constituted by, for example, soft tubes.

  The dialysate supply circuit 80 is provided with, for example, an opening / closing valve 90.

  In the dialysate discharge circuit 81, for example, an on-off valve 100, a pressure sensor 101, and a drain pump 102 as a pressure feeding device are provided in order from the upstream side.

  The gas introduction unit 12 is configured to discharge, for example, a gas introduction path 110 connected to the dialysate supply circuit 80, a filter 111 provided at the tip of the gas introduction path 110, and a dialysate on the dialysate supply circuit 80 side. A check valve 112 that prevents the gas from flowing in, and an open / close valve 113 that opens and closes the gas introduction path 110. The filter 111 can remove impurities in the atmosphere.

  The gas supply circuit 13 is connected to the blood return circuit 24 of the blood circuit 10 from a branch part B between the branch part A of the gas introduction path 110 and the opening / closing valve 90 in the dialysate supply circuit 80, for example. The gas supply circuit 13 is provided with a gas supply pump 120 as a pressure feeding device.

  The control device 14 is, for example, a computer that controls the overall operation of the hemodialysis device 1. For example, the control device 14 controls the operations of the pumps 40, 102, 120, valves 90, 100, 113, etc. The blood purification apparatus 1 can be operated so as to execute the liquid.

  Next, a method for draining the blood purification apparatus 1 configured as described above will be described together with a blood purification treatment process.

  First, a puncture needle (not shown) is connected to the blood collection unit 21 and the blood return unit 23 to puncture the patient. As shown in FIG. 2, in the blood circuit 10, the blood pump 40 is rotated forward (in the direction of the arrow), and the patient's blood is sent to the primary side of the blood purification film 30 of the blood purifier 20 through the blood collection circuit 22. The blood that has passed through the primary side 30 is returned to the patient through the blood return circuit 24.

  In the dialysate circuit 11, the open / close valve 90 and the open / close valve 100 are opened, and the dialysate is supplied to the dialysate supply circuit by the dialysate supply pump (not shown) of the dialysate supply circuit 80, the drainage pump 102 of the dialysate discharge circuit 81, or the like. The dialysate supplied to the secondary side of the blood purification membrane 30 of the blood purification device 20 through 80 and passed through the secondary side of the blood purification membrane 30 is discharged through the dialysate discharge circuit 81. At this time, the opening / closing valve 113 of the gas introduction unit 12 is closed.

  In the blood purifier 20, blood flows to the primary side of the blood purification membrane 30 and dialysate flows to the secondary side, so that waste products in the blood are discharged to the dialysate side via the blood purification membrane 30. Is purified.

  At this time, in the gas supply circuit 13, the gas supply pump 120 is appropriately driven, and a part of the dialysate in the dialysate supply circuit 80 is supplied to the blood return circuit 24 in the blood circuit 10 to provide a replacement fluid to the patient. You may do it.

  Blood circulation in the blood circuit 10 and supply / discharge of the dialysate in the dialysate circuit 11 are performed for a predetermined time set in advance, and then the blood purification process ends.

  When the blood purification process is completed, the blood in the blood circuit 10 is returned to the patient. Thereafter, the puncture needle is removed from the patient.

  Next, the residual liquid remaining in the circuit of the blood purification apparatus 1 is drained. In this drainage, all the residual liquid in the circuit may be drained, or a part of the residual liquid may be drained.

  As shown in FIG. 3, first, the blood collection unit 21 and the blood return unit 23 are connected, and the blood circuit 10 becomes annular. Next, in a state where the opening / closing valve 113 of the gas introduction unit 12 and the opening / closing valve 100 of the dialysate discharge circuit 81 are opened and the opening / closing valve 90 of the dialysate supply circuit 80 is closed, the gas supply pump 120, the drainage pump 102, and Blood pump 40 is driven. As a result, outside air is introduced from the filter 111 of the gas introduction unit 12, introduced into the dialysate supply circuit 80 through the gas introduction path 110, and blood through the gas supply circuit 13 together with the dialysate remaining in the dialysate supply circuit 80. It is supplied to the circuit 10. The residual liquid in the blood circuit 10 circulates in the blood circuit 10 by the blood pump 40, and the primary side of the blood purification film 30 of the blood purifier 20 by the supply pressure of the gas supply pump 120 or the suction pressure of the drainage pump 102. Is pushed out to the secondary side and discharged out of the apparatus through the dialysate discharge circuit 81 (first step of draining). At this time, since the gas introduced into the blood circuit 10 cannot pass through the blood purification film 30, the amount of residual liquid in the blood circuit 10 gradually decreases and the blood circuit 10 is replaced with gas.

  When circulating the residual liquid in the blood circuit 10, the blood pump 40 may be reversely rotated (opposite to the rotation direction during blood processing) by the control device 14. Further, the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the blood pump 40 may be alternately repeated. By doing so, the residual liquid can be efficiently brought into contact with the blood purification film 30 and the discharge of the residual liquid can be promoted.

  Further, for example, the pressure on the primary side of the blood purification film 30 may be monitored by the pressure sensor 50. For example, even if the control device 14 adjusts the flow rates of the gas supply pump 120 and the drainage pump 102 based on the pressure detection result by the pressure sensor 50 so that the pressure applied to the blood purification film 30 falls within a predetermined range. Good. Specifically, the flow rates of the gas supply pump 120 and the drainage pump 102 may be feedback controlled so that the pressure on the primary side of the blood purification film 30 does not exceed, for example, 300 mmHg. Note that the pressure sensor 50 that detects the pressure on the primary side of the blood purification film 30 may be installed at another position of the blood circuit 10. Further, the pressure sensor 101 of the dialysate discharge circuit 81 detects the pressure on the secondary side of the blood purification membrane 30, and based on the pressure detection result, the pump is applied so that the pressure applied to the blood purification membrane 30 falls within a predetermined range. The flow rates of 120 and 102 may be adjusted. Further, the drainage of the blood circuit 10 may be terminated when a state in which the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 50 or the pressure sensor 101 deviates from a predetermined range continues for a predetermined time.

  For example, when all the residual liquid in the blood circuit 10 is discharged to the dialysate discharge circuit 81 and the blood circuit 10 is replaced with gas, the gas supply pump 120 and the blood pump 40 are stopped. Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the opening / closing valve 90 is opened, and the gas is sent to the secondary side of the blood purification membrane 30 of the blood purifier 20 through the gas introduction part 12 and the dialysate supply circuit 80, and the blood purification membrane 30 is discharged to the dialysate discharge circuit 81 from the secondary side (drainage second step). Thereby, the residual liquid on the secondary side of the blood purification film 30 is drained. The dialysate discharge circuit 81 is connected to a tank, and the residual liquid may be drained from this tank.

  According to the present embodiment, the gas introduced from the gas introduction unit 12 enters the gas supply circuit 13 through the dialysate supply circuit 80, enters the blood circuit 10 through the gas supply circuit 13, and then enters the blood circuit 10. Since the residual liquid is passed through the secondary side of the blood purification membrane 30 and discharged from the dialysate discharge circuit 81, the residual liquid in the blood circuit 10 can be automatically drained.

  Since the gas supply pump 120 is provided in the gas supply circuit 13 and the drainage pump 102 is provided in the dialysate discharge circuit 81, the drainage can be performed automatically and efficiently.

  Further, since the gas introduced from the gas introduction unit 12 to the dialysate supply circuit 80 can be supplied to the secondary side of the blood purification film 30 of the blood purifier 20 by the suction force of the drainage pump 102, Residual liquid left on the secondary side can also be drained.

  Since the residual fluid of the blood circuit 10 is circulated by the blood pump 40, the residual fluid can be brought into contact with the blood purification film 30 to facilitate the drainage of the blood circuit 10.

  In the above embodiment, the drainage pump 102 may not be provided as shown in FIG. In this case, by driving the gas supply pump 120, the gas and the residual liquid are sent to the blood circuit 10 through the gas supply circuit 13, and the residual liquid of the blood circuit 10 due to the pressure passes through the blood purification membrane 30 of the blood purifier 20. It is discharged to the discharge circuit 81. When the blood circuit 10 is replaced with gas, for example, the open / close valve 90 is opened, the gas is supplied to the secondary side of the blood purification membrane 30 by the drop pressure, and the residual liquid is discharged through the dialysate discharge circuit 81. The

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, you may provide the pump 130 as a pumping apparatus between the branch part A of the gas introduction part 12 in the dialysate supply circuit 80, and the on-off valve 90, as shown in FIG. In such a case, for example, the gas supply pump 120 is driven, gas and residual liquid are sent to the blood circuit 10 through the gas supply circuit 13, and the residual liquid of the blood circuit 10 is dialyzed through the blood purification membrane 30 of the blood purifier 20 by the pressure. The liquid is discharged to the liquid discharge circuit 81. When the blood circuit 10 is replaced with gas, for example, the open / close valve 90 is opened, the pump 130 is driven, the gas is supplied to the secondary side of the blood purification membrane 30, and the residual liquid passes through the dialysate discharge circuit 81. Discharged.

  In the above example, the pump 130 may be provided between the branch part A of the gas introduction part 12 and the branch part B of the gas supply circuit 13 in the dialysate supply circuit 80.

  In the above embodiment, the gas supply circuit 13 may be connected to the blood collection circuit 22 of the blood circuit 10 as shown in FIG. In such a case, the gas introduced from the gas introduction unit 12 and the residual liquid of the dialysate supply circuit 80 are supplied to the blood collection circuit 22 of the blood circuit 10 through the gas supply circuit 13. The gas supply circuit 13 may be further connected to both the blood collection circuit 22 and the blood return circuit 24.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious for those skilled in the art that various modifications or modifications can be conceived within the scope of the idea described in the claims, and these naturally belong to the technical scope of the present invention. It is understood.

  For example, the circuit configuration of the blood purification apparatus 1 is not limited to the configuration described in the above embodiment. For example, the installation position and type of the pressure feeding device can be changed as appropriate. The blood purification apparatus 1 can be applied not only to an apparatus that performs hemodialysis, but also to an apparatus that performs continuous loose blood filtration.

  The present invention is useful when the secondary side of the blood purification membrane is drained in addition to the blood circuit and is automatically performed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Blood purification apparatus 10 Blood circuit 11 Dialysate circuit 12 Gas introduction part 13 Gas supply circuit 14 Control apparatus 20 Blood purifier 30 Blood purification membrane 40 Blood pump 80 Dialysate supply circuit 81 Dialysate discharge circuit 102 Drain pump 120 Gas supply pump

Claims (12)

A blood purifier with a blood purification membrane;
A blood circuit that sends blood from a blood collection unit to a primary side of the blood purification membrane of the blood purifier by a blood pump and returns the blood from the primary side of the blood purification membrane of the blood purifier to the blood return unit;
A dialysate supply circuit for supplying dialysate to the secondary side of the blood purification membrane of the blood purifier;
A dialysate discharge circuit for discharging dialysate from the secondary side of the blood purification membrane of the blood purifier,
The blood collection unit and the blood return unit are configured to be connectable,
A gas introduction unit connected to the dialysate supply circuit, for introducing gas into the dialysate supply circuit;
To connect the dialysate supply circuit and the blood circuit, and supply the gas introduced from the gas introduction unit to the dialysate supply circuit to the blood circuit without passing through the blood purification membrane of the blood purifier A gas supply circuit of
A blood purification device, comprising: a pressure feeding device for discharging the residual fluid of the blood circuit to the dialysate discharge circuit through a blood purification membrane of the blood purifier.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pumping device includes a pump provided in the gas supply circuit.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pumping device includes a pump provided in the dialysate discharge circuit.   The blood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a pressure feeding device for sending the gas introduced from the gas introduction unit to the dialysate supply circuit to the secondary side of the blood purification membrane of the blood purifier. Purification equipment. A pressure sensor capable of detecting the pressure of at least one of the primary side and the secondary side of the blood purification membrane;
5. The control device according to claim 1, further comprising: a control device that adjusts a pumping amount of the pumping device so that a pressure applied to the blood purification membrane falls within a predetermined range based on a detection result of the pressure sensor. The blood purification apparatus according to 1.   A controller that drives the blood pump of the blood circuit to circulate the residual liquid of the blood circuit when discharging the residual liquid of the blood circuit to the dialysate discharge circuit through the blood purification membrane; The blood purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5.   The blood purification apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the control device circulates the residual liquid in the blood circuit by rotating the blood pump forward and backward. A method of draining a blood purification device,
A gas is introduced from the gas introduction part to the dialysate supply circuit in a state where the blood collection part and the blood return part of the blood circuit connected to the blood purifier are connected and the blood circuit is annular, and the gas of the dialysate supply circuit Is supplied to the blood circuit through the gas supply circuit connecting the dialysate supply circuit and the blood circuit without passing through the blood purification membrane of the blood purifier, and the residual fluid of the blood circuit is supplied to the blood purifier. A method for draining a blood purification apparatus, comprising a step of discharging the blood purification membrane to a dialysate discharge circuit.   The method of draining a blood purification apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a step of supplying a gas introduced from the gas introduction unit to the dialysate supply circuit to a secondary side of a blood purification membrane of the blood purifier. .   The method of draining a blood purification apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein a blood pump provided in the blood circuit is driven to discharge the dialysate discharge circuit while circulating the residual liquid of the blood circuit.   The method of draining a blood purification apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the blood pump is rotated forward and backward to circulate the residual liquid of the blood circuit.   The residual fluid of the blood circuit is discharged to the dialysate discharge circuit through the blood purification membrane so that the pressure applied to the blood purification membrane falls within a predetermined range. A method for draining a blood purification apparatus.

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