JP2015184144A5 - - Google Patents
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- JP2015184144A5 JP2015184144A5 JP2014061147A JP2014061147A JP2015184144A5 JP 2015184144 A5 JP2015184144 A5 JP 2015184144A5 JP 2014061147 A JP2014061147 A JP 2014061147A JP 2014061147 A JP2014061147 A JP 2014061147A JP 2015184144 A5 JP2015184144 A5 JP 2015184144A5
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000001902 propagating Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated Effects 0.000 description 1
Description
上記目的を達成するために、本発明の弾性波速度測定方法（１）は、
トンネル坑内の切羽を含む土木工事における掘削位置から所定の距離離れた所定の位置に地震計及び記録装置を設置する機材設置ステップと、
前記掘削位置で振動を発生させ、当該振動の際に発生し、前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の空中を伝搬する音波、及び前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の地山を伝搬する弾性波をそれぞれ前記地震計で受振、計測し、前記振動の発生前から記録動作を開始させた前記記録装置に記録する音波、弾性波記録ステップと、
前記記録装置に記録された音波データ及び弾性波データに基いて弾性波速度を算出する弾性波速度算出ステップと、
を有し、
前記弾性波速度算出ステップにおいて、
前記音波データから、音波到達時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた際の空中を伝搬する音波が前記記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出するとともに、前記弾性波データから、弾性波到達時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた際の地山を伝搬する弾性波が前記記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出し、
前記所定の距離及び既知の空気中の音速と前記音波到達時間とに基いて、振動発生までの時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた時点までの時間を推定して、
前記所定の距離と前記弾性波到達時間及び前記振動発生までの時間とに基いて、前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の弾性波速度を算出する、
ことを要旨とする。
また、この測定方法は、次のように具体化される。
（１）掘削位置の振動源として発破を使用し、前記掘削位置に発破孔を設けて爆薬を装填し、爆薬を起爆させる。
（２）掘削位置の振動源としてブレーカ、ハンマを含む土木工事に用いる各種機器を使用し、前記掘削位置をブレーカ、ハンマを含む前記各種機器で打撃する。
In order to achieve the above object, the elastic wave velocity measuring method (1) of the present invention comprises:
Equipment installation step for installing a seismometer and a recording device at a predetermined position away from a drilling position in a civil engineering work including a face in a tunnel mine,
A vibration is generated at the excavation position, a sound wave that is generated during the vibration and propagates in the air between the excavation position and the installation position of the seismometer, and the excavation position and the installation position of the seismometer geophone acoustic wave propagating natural ground in each of the seismometers during, measured, sound waves to be recorded in the recording device with the recording operation is started before the generation of the vibration, and acoustic wave recording step,
An elastic wave velocity calculating step for calculating an elastic wave velocity based on the sound wave data and elastic wave data recorded in the recording device;
Have
In the elastic wave velocity calculating step,
From the sound wave data, as the sound wave arrival time, the time from when the recording operation of the recording apparatus starts until the time when the sound wave propagating in the air when vibration is generated at the face reaches the recording apparatus is extracted. In addition, from the elastic wave data, as an elastic wave arrival time, when an elastic wave propagating through a natural ground when vibration is generated at the face from the start of the recording operation of the recording apparatus reaches the recording apparatus Extract the time to
Based on the predetermined distance and the known sound velocity in the air and the sound wave arrival time, the time until the occurrence of vibration is the time from the start of the recording operation of the recording device to the time when the vibration is generated on the face. Estimate time
Calculating an elastic wave velocity between the excavation position and the installation position of the seismometer based on the predetermined distance, the elastic wave arrival time, and the time until the occurrence of vibration;
This is the gist.
Further, this measurement method is embodied as follows.
(1) A blast is used as a vibration source at an excavation position, a blast hole is provided at the excavation position, an explosive is loaded, and the explosive is detonated.
(2) Using various devices used for civil works including breakers and hammers as vibration sources for excavation positions, hitting the excavation positions with the various devices including breakers and hammers.
また、上記目的を達成するために、本発明の弾性波速度測定方法（２）は、
トンネル坑内の切羽を含む土木工事における掘削位置から所定の距離離れた所定の位置にマイクロフォン、地震計及び記録装置を設置する機材設置ステップと、
前記掘削位置で振動を発生させ、当該振動の際に発生し、前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の空中を伝搬する音波を前記マイクロフォンで、前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の地山を伝搬する弾性波を前記地震計で、それぞれ受振、計測し、前記振動の発生前から記録動作を開始させた前記記録装置に記録する音波、弾性波記録ステップと、
前記記録装置に記録された音波データ及び弾性波データに基いて弾性波速度を算出する弾性波速度算出ステップと、
を有し、
前記弾性波速度算出ステップにおいて、
前記音波データから、音波到達時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた際の空中を伝搬する音波が前記記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出するとともに、前記弾性波データから、弾性波到達時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた際の地山を伝搬する弾性波が前記記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出し、
前記所定の距離及び既知の空気中の音速と前記音波到達時間とに基いて、振動発生までの時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた時点までの時間を推定して、
前記所定の距離と前記弾性波到達時間及び前記振動発生までの時間とに基いて、前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の弾性波速度を算出する、
ことを要旨とする。
また、この測定方法は、次のように具体化される。
（１）掘削位置の振動源として発破を使用し、前記掘削位置に発破孔を設けて爆薬を装填し、爆薬を起爆させる。
（２）掘削位置の振動源としてブレーカ、ハンマを含む土木工事に用いる各種機器を使用し、前記掘削位置をブレーカ、ハンマを含む前記各種機器で打撃する。
In order to achieve the above object, the elastic wave velocity measuring method (2) of the present invention comprises:
Equipment installation step for installing a microphone, a seismometer and a recording device at a predetermined position away from a drilling position in a civil engineering work including a face in a tunnel mine,
A vibration is generated at the excavation position, and a sound wave generated during the vibration and propagating in the air between the excavation position and the installation position of the seismometer is generated by the microphone, and the installation of the excavation position and the seismometer is performed. in the seismometer acoustic wave propagating natural ground between positions, respectively geophone measures sound waves to be recorded in the recording device with the recording operation is started before the generation of the vibration, and acoustic wave recording step,
An elastic wave velocity calculating step for calculating an elastic wave velocity based on the sound wave data and elastic wave data recorded in the recording device;
Have
In the elastic wave velocity calculating step,
From the sound wave data, as the sound wave arrival time, the time from when the recording operation of the recording apparatus starts until the time when the sound wave propagating in the air when vibration is generated at the face reaches the recording apparatus is extracted. In addition, from the elastic wave data, as an elastic wave arrival time, when an elastic wave propagating through a natural ground when vibration is generated at the face from the start of the recording operation of the recording apparatus reaches the recording apparatus Extract the time to
Based on the predetermined distance and the known sound velocity in the air and the sound wave arrival time, the time until the occurrence of vibration is the time from the start of the recording operation of the recording device to the time when the vibration is generated on the face. Estimate time
Calculating an elastic wave velocity between the excavation position and the installation position of the seismometer based on the predetermined distance, the elastic wave arrival time, and the time until the occurrence of vibration;
This is the gist.
Further, this measurement method is embodied as follows.
(1) A blast is used as a vibration source at an excavation position, a blast hole is provided at the excavation position, an explosive is loaded, and the explosive is detonated.
(2) Using various devices used for civil works including breakers and hammers as vibration sources for excavation positions, hitting the excavation positions with the various devices including breakers and hammers.
本発明の弾性波速度測定方法（１）によれば、トンネル坑内の切羽など土木工事における掘削位置から所定の距離離れた所定の位置に地震計及び記録装置を設置し、掘削位置に発破又はブレーカやハンマなどの打撃で振動を発生させ、当該振動を発生させた際に空中を伝搬する音波及び地山を伝搬する弾性波をそれぞれ地震計で受振、計測し、これを振動発生前に既に記録動作を開始させてある記録装置に記録して、音波データから、音波到達時間として、記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から切羽で振動を発生させた際の空中を伝搬する音波が記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出するとともに、弾性波データから、弾性波到達時間として、記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から切羽で振動を発生させた際の地山を伝搬する弾性波が記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出し、所定の距離及び既知の空気中の音速と音波到達時間とに基いて、振動発生までの時間として、記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から切羽で振動を発生させた時点までの時間を推定して、所定の距離と弾性波到達時間及び振動発生までの時間とに基いて、掘削位置と地震計の設置位置との間の弾性波速度を算出するので、地震探鉱機のような特殊で高価な測定機材を用いることなく、地震計に簡易な汎用機材の可搬型のジオフォン、記録装置に簡易な汎用機材の可搬型の２チャンネルのステレオＩＣレコーダなどを使って弾性波速度を確実かつ容易に測定することができ、弾性波速度の測定を低コストで実施することができる、という本発明独自の格別な効果を奏する。 According to the elastic wave velocity measuring method (1) of the present invention, a seismometer and a recording device are installed at a predetermined position that is a predetermined distance away from an excavation position in civil works such as a face in a tunnel mine, and a blast or breaker is installed at the excavation position. Vibration is generated by hitting a hammer or hammer, and when the vibration is generated, sound waves propagating in the air and elastic waves propagating in the ground are received and measured by the seismometer, and this is already recorded before the vibration occurs. Recording to the recording device that has started the operation, and from the sound wave data, as the sound wave arrival time, the sound wave that propagates in the air when vibration is generated at the face from the start of the recording operation of the recording device is recorded on the recording device. In addition to extracting the time to the point of arrival, the elastic wave data is recorded as the elastic wave arrival time from the start of the recording operation of the recording device to the elastic wave propagating in the natural ground when vibration is generated by the face. Extract the time to the time of reaching the device, and at the face from the start of the recording operation of the recording device as the time until the occurrence of vibration, based on the predetermined distance and the sound speed and sound wave arrival time in the known air Estimate the time until the vibration is generated, and calculate the elastic wave velocity between the excavation position and the seismometer installation position based on the predetermined distance, elastic wave arrival time and vibration generation time to so, without using a special and expensive measuring equipment, such as seismic exploration device, the portable simple generic equipment to seismometers geophone simple generic equipment portable two-channel stereo IC recorder recording device Do etc. can be reliably and easily measure the acoustic wave velocity using, it is possible to perform measurements of the elastic wave speed at a low cost, provides the present invention own particular effect that.
本発明の弾性波速度測定方法（２）によれば、トンネル坑内の切羽など土木工事における掘削位置から所定の距離離れた所定の位置にマイクロフォン、地震計及び記録装置を設置し、掘削位置に発破又はブレーカやハンマなどの打撃で振動を発生させ、当該振動を発生させた際に空中を伝搬する音波をマイクロフォンで、地山を伝搬する弾性波を地震計で、それぞれ受振、計測し、これを振動発生前に既に記録動作を開始させてある記録装置に記録して、音波データから、音波到達時間として、記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から切羽で振動を発生させた際の空中を伝搬する音波が記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出するとともに、弾性波データから、弾性波到達時間として、記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から切羽で振動を発生させた際の地山を伝搬する弾性波が記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出し、所定の距離及び既知の空気中の音速と音波到達時間とに基いて、振動発生までの時間として、記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から切羽で振動を発生させた時点までの時間を推定して、所定の距離と弾性波到達時間及び振動発生までの時間とに基いて、掘削位置と地震計の設置位置との間の弾性波速度を算出するので、地震探鉱機のような特殊で高価な測定機材を用いることなく、マイクロフォンに簡易な汎用機材の可搬型のマイク、地震計に簡易な汎用機材の可搬型のジオフォン、記録装置に簡易な汎用機材の可搬型の２チャンネルのステレオＩＣレコーダなどを使って弾性波速度を確実かつ容易に測定することができ、弾性波速度の測定を低コストで実施することができる、という本発明独自の格別な効果を奏する。
According to the elastic wave velocity measuring method (2) of the present invention, a microphone, a seismometer and a recording device are installed at a predetermined distance away from a drilling position in civil engineering work such as a face in a tunnel mine, and blasting is performed at the drilling position. Alternatively, vibration is generated by hitting a breaker or a hammer, and when the vibration is generated, the sound wave propagating in the air is received by a microphone, and the elastic wave propagating in the ground is received and measured by a seismometer. Recorded on a recording device that has already started the recording operation before the occurrence of vibration, and propagated from the sound wave data as the arrival time of the sound wave in the air when the vibration was generated at the face from the start of the recording operation of the recording device The time until the sound wave to reach the recording device is extracted, and the elastic wave arrival time is generated from the elastic wave data as the elastic wave arrival time from the start of the recording operation of the recording device. The time until the point when the elastic wave propagating through the ground reaches the recording device is extracted, and based on the predetermined distance and the known sound speed in air and the arrival time of sound waves, Estimate the time from the start of the recording operation of the recording device to the time when vibration is generated at the face, and based on the predetermined distance, elastic wave arrival time and time until vibration generation, the excavation position and earthquake since calculating the elastic wave speed between the installation position of the meter, without the use of special and expensive measuring equipment, such as seismic exploration device, a portable microphone simple generic equipment to a microphone, simple to seismometer General purpose equipment portable geophone, etc. 2-channel stereo IC recorder portable simple generic equipment to the recording apparatus can be reliably and easily measure the acoustic wave velocity using the measurement of seismic velocity Implemented at low cost Can Rukoto achieves the present invention own particular effect that.
Claims (4)
前記掘削位置で振動を発生させ、当該振動の際に発生し、前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の空中を伝搬する音波、及び前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の地山を伝搬する弾性波をそれぞれ前記地震計で受振、計測し、前記振動の発生前から記録動作を開始させた前記記録装置に記録する音波、弾性波記録ステップと、
前記記録装置に記録された音波データ及び弾性波データに基いて弾性波速度を算出する弾性波速度算出ステップと、
を有し、
前記弾性波速度算出ステップにおいて、
前記音波データから、音波到達時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた際の空中を伝搬する音波が前記記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出するとともに、前記弾性波データから、弾性波到達時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた際の地山を伝搬する弾性波が前記記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出し、
前記所定の距離及び既知の空気中の音速と前記音波到達時間とに基いて、振動発生までの時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた時点までの時間を推定して、
前記所定の距離と前記弾性波到達時間及び前記振動発生までの時間とに基いて、前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の弾性波速度を算出する、
ことを特徴とする弾性波速度測定方法。 Equipment installation step for installing a seismometer and a recording device at a predetermined position away from a drilling position in a civil engineering work including a face in a tunnel mine,
A vibration is generated at the excavation position, a sound wave that is generated during the vibration and propagates in the air between the excavation position and the installation position of the seismometer, and the excavation position and the installation position of the seismometer geophone acoustic wave propagating natural ground in each of the seismometers during, measured, sound waves to be recorded in the recording device with the recording operation is started before the generation of the vibration, and acoustic wave recording step,
An elastic wave velocity calculating step for calculating an elastic wave velocity based on the sound wave data and elastic wave data recorded in the recording device;
Have
In the elastic wave velocity calculating step,
From the sound wave data, as the sound wave arrival time, the time from when the recording operation of the recording apparatus starts until the time when the sound wave propagating in the air when vibration is generated at the face reaches the recording apparatus is extracted. In addition, from the elastic wave data, as an elastic wave arrival time, when an elastic wave propagating through a natural ground when vibration is generated at the face from the start of the recording operation of the recording apparatus reaches the recording apparatus Extract the time to
Based on the predetermined distance and the known sound velocity in the air and the sound wave arrival time, the time until the occurrence of vibration is the time from the start of the recording operation of the recording device to the time when the vibration is generated on the face. Estimate time
Calculating an elastic wave velocity between the excavation position and the installation position of the seismometer based on the predetermined distance, the elastic wave arrival time, and the time until the occurrence of vibration;
The elastic wave velocity measuring method characterized by the above-mentioned.
前記掘削位置で振動を発生させ、当該振動の際に発生し、前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の空中を伝搬する音波を前記マイクロフォンで、前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の地山を伝搬する弾性波を前記地震計で、それぞれ受振、計測し、前記振動の発生前から記録動作を開始させた前記記録装置に記録する音波、弾性波記録ステップと、
前記記録装置に記録された音波データ及び弾性波データに基いて弾性波速度を算出する弾性波速度算出ステップと、
を有し、
前記弾性波速度算出ステップにおいて、
前記音波データから、音波到達時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた際の空中を伝搬する音波が前記記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出するとともに、前記弾性波データから、弾性波到達時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた際の地山を伝搬する弾性波が前記記録装置に到達した時点までの時間を抽出し、
前記所定の距離及び既知の空気中の音速と前記音波到達時間とに基いて、振動発生までの時間として、前記記録装置の記録動作の開始の時点から前記切羽で振動を発生させた時点までの時間を推定して、
前記所定の距離と前記弾性波到達時間及び前記振動発生までの時間とに基いて、前記掘削位置と前記地震計の設置位置との間の弾性波速度を算出する、
ことを特徴とする弾性波速度測定方法。 Equipment installation step for installing a microphone, a seismometer and a recording device at a predetermined position away from a drilling position in a civil engineering work including a face in a tunnel mine,
A vibration is generated at the excavation position, and a sound wave generated during the vibration and propagating in the air between the excavation position and the installation position of the seismometer is generated by the microphone, and the installation of the excavation position and the seismometer is performed. in the seismometer acoustic wave propagating natural ground between positions, respectively geophone measures sound waves to be recorded in the recording device with the recording operation is started before the generation of the vibration, and acoustic wave recording step,
An elastic wave velocity calculating step for calculating an elastic wave velocity based on the sound wave data and elastic wave data recorded in the recording device;
Have
In the elastic wave velocity calculating step,
From the sound wave data, as the sound wave arrival time, the time from when the recording operation of the recording apparatus starts until the time when the sound wave propagating in the air when vibration is generated at the face reaches the recording apparatus is extracted. In addition, from the elastic wave data, as an elastic wave arrival time, when an elastic wave propagating through a natural ground when vibration is generated at the face from the start of the recording operation of the recording apparatus reaches the recording apparatus Extract the time to
Based on the predetermined distance and the known sound velocity in the air and the sound wave arrival time, the time until the occurrence of vibration is the time from the start of the recording operation of the recording device to the time when the vibration is generated on the face. Estimate time
Calculating an elastic wave velocity between the excavation position and the installation position of the seismometer based on the predetermined distance, the elastic wave arrival time, and the time until the occurrence of vibration;
The elastic wave velocity measuring method characterized by the above-mentioned.
Priority Applications (1)
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| JPH1137834A (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 1999-02-12 | Shimizu Corp | Elastic wave speed measuring method for working face of tunnel |
| JP3895573B2 (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2007-03-22 | 三井住友建設株式会社 | Elastic wave propagation velocity measurement calculation method and nondestructive compressive strength test apparatus using the method |
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