JP2015183726A - Pneumatic spring - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pneumatic spring capable of easily performing a hook engaging work while a resilient mechanism is being provided with a hanging part for use in hanging operation and further capable of easily manufacturing the resilient mechanism.SOLUTION: This invention comprises: an upper face plate 1; a lower side member 2; and a cylindrical flexing member 3 placed between the upper face plate 1 and the lower side member 2. The lower side member has a resilient mechanism. The resilient mechanism 4 comprises: a top plate 9; a bottom plate 10; and a laminated resilient body 11 placed between the top plate 9 and the bottom plate 10. The laminated resilient body 11 is applied as a laminated structure in which intermediate plates 13 are held among a plurality of resilient layers 12 to be laminated. An outer circumferential end edge of at least one intermediate plate 13 among the intermediate plates 13 is provided with a hanging part 14.

Description

  The present invention relates to an air spring used for a railway vehicle or the like.

  Conventionally, as an air spring used in a railway vehicle or the like, as shown in FIG. 5 of Patent Document 1, an upper plate attached to a vehicle body of a vehicle, a lower member disposed on a cart side below the upper plate, A rubber flexible member (bellows) provided over the lower member and an elastic mechanism interposed between the upper and lower sides of the lower support portion and the intermediate support portion on the carriage side are known. As the elastic mechanism, generally, a laminated rubber in which a steel plate is sandwiched and laminated between a plurality of elastic layers is used between a top plate and a bottom plate.

  By the way, as for the said air spring, the upper surface board and the lower side member are only connected with the bellows. Therefore, when the air spring is attached to the carriage, it is necessary to lift it from the elastic mechanism by a hook or the like. Further, when the air spring is lifted together with the vehicle body, it is necessary to lift the air spring from the elastic mechanism.

  For this reason, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 2, there has been known a configuration in which a suspension portion for locking a lifting hook or the like is formed on the outer peripheral edge portion of the bottom plate of the elastic mechanism. When the air spring having the above-described configuration is placed on the work table or the support frame, the bottom plate of the elastic mechanism is in contact with the surface of the work table or the support frame (placement surface of the air spring). Therefore, in Patent Document 2, in order to be able to lock a lifting hook or the like to the hanging portion, the suspension portion is formed so as to be inclined obliquely upward.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-288236 JP 2003-254378 A

  However, even if the suspension part described in Patent Document 2 is formed so as to be inclined with respect to the bottom plate, a sufficient space for securing the hook (the space between the suspension part and the mounting surface) cannot still be secured. It was.

  In addition, the elastic mechanism is to place unvulcanized rubber on the bottom plate, then laminate the intermediate plate and unvulcanized rubber alternately, and finally heat and press with the top plate installed and vulcanize molding It is manufactured by. Specifically, the mold includes a middle mold in which the above materials are stacked and accommodated, and an upper mold and a lower mold that heat and press the middle mold in the vertical direction.

  The middle mold is provided with a plurality of split molds in the circumferential direction. After molding, the split mold is horizontally slid outward in the radial direction to open the mold, and the elastic mechanism is removed. However, if the suspension part is tilted so that the tip is inclined upward, the split mold located on the upper part of the suspension part will be caught in the suspension part even if the mold is slid horizontally toward the outside in the radial direction. There is a problem that it is necessary to move the split mold obliquely upward along the slanted hanging portion, and the demolding operation becomes difficult.

  Therefore, in the present invention, in view of the above problems, it is possible to easily perform the hook locking operation while providing a lifting portion for lifting the elastic mechanism, and to easily manufacture the elastic mechanism. The object is to provide a possible air spring.

  In order to solve the above problems, an air spring according to the present invention includes an upper plate, a lower member, and a cylindrical flexible member interposed between the upper plate and the lower member, The side member includes an elastic mechanism, and the elastic mechanism includes a top plate, a bottom plate, and a laminated elastic body interposed between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the laminated elastic body includes a plurality of elastic layers. The intermediate plate is sandwiched and laminated, and a suspension portion is provided on the outer peripheral edge of at least one of the intermediate plates.

  According to the said structure, by providing the suspension part in the intermediate | middle board, in the state which mounted the air spring in the work bench | platform or the trolley | bogie, the suspension part will protrude in the air in the position away from the mounting surface. Therefore, the lifting hook or the like can be easily locked to the hanging portion. Thereby, it is not necessary to incline the hanging portion with respect to the intermediate plate. That is, since the suspension part can be extended outward in the radial direction of the intermediate plate, after the elastic mechanism is formed, the mold is smoothly removed by sliding the split mold outward in the radial direction. As a result, the elastic mechanism can be easily manufactured.

  The hanging portion is formed in an annular shape for locking the hook, and can be formed so that the tip has a rounded shape when seen in a plan view. Thereby, when the mold is closed or opened, when the hanging part comes into contact with the mold, the hanging part or the mold can be hardly damaged.

  The hanging portion can be provided without any limitation at any position as long as it is an intermediate plate, but is preferably formed on the lowest intermediate plate in the laminated elastic body. This is because it is the position that is most difficult to contact the bellows in a state where air has escaped, and furthermore, the length of the hanging portion that is set so that the lifting hook does not contact the bellows can be minimized.

  In the present invention, since the suspension portion is provided on the outer peripheral edge of at least one intermediate plate of the intermediate plates of the elastic mechanism, the lifting hook or the like can be easily engaged with the suspension portion even though the structure is simple. It is possible to stop.

The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows embodiment of the air spring of this invention Partial plan view of the lowest intermediate plate in FIG. Partial plan view showing another embodiment of the lowermost intermediate plate The figure which shows the state in the middle of the assembly of the metal mold | die which shape | molds the elastic mechanism used by this invention, and is sectional drawing which shows the state which mounted the baseplate with a lower boss | hub on the lower mold | type Sectional drawing which shows the state which set the torus and the unvulcanized rubber sheet after attaching an outer frame to the lower mold of FIG. Sectional drawing which shows the state which mounted the lowest intermediate | middle board in FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a top plate is placed after a predetermined set of the torus, unvulcanized rubber sheet, and intermediate plate is stacked. Sectional drawing which shows the state which mounted the upper mold | type in the middle mold of FIG. Sectional drawing which shows the metal mold | die which shape | molds the conventional elastic mechanism Sectional drawing which shows the state which removed a part of upper mold | type, the outer frame body, and the inner frame body from FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of an air spring for a railway vehicle according to the present invention, which is a cross section in a range of 90 ° in a plan view. The air spring includes an upper plate 1 attached to the vehicle body of the vehicle, a lower member 2 disposed on the wheel side below the upper plate 1, and a cylindrical flexible member interposed between the upper plate 1 and the lower member 2. A member 3 and an elastic mechanism 4 interposed between the lower support portion and the intermediate support portion on the cart side are provided.

  In the present embodiment, a rubber bellows is used as the flexible member 3. The flexible member 3 is composed of a laminated rubber having a reinforcing rubber layer in which a reinforcing cord is embedded as an intermediate layer, and has a wall thickness in which a reinforcing rubber layer is wound around a bead at an upper end portion and a lower end portion of the flexible member 3. Bead portions 3a and 3b are formed.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the upper surface plate 1 includes a metal disc-shaped support plate 5, a cylindrical bead receiving portion 6 that protrudes toward the bead receiving portion 8 at the center of the support plate 5, and a support plate. And a protective rubber layer 7 provided on the lower surface of 5 in a radially outward portion with respect to the bead receiving portion 6. The lower member 2 includes an elastic mechanism 4 and a bead receiving portion 8 fixed to the central portion of the top plate 9 of the elastic mechanism 4. The bead receiving portion 8 is formed in a cylindrical shape so as to protrude toward the upper surface plate 1. The bead receiving portion 6 is fitted with the bead portion 3a, and the bead receiving portion 8 is fitted with the bead portion 3b.

  The elastic mechanism 4 includes a top plate 9, a bottom plate 10, and a laminated elastic body 11 interposed between the top plate 9 and the bottom plate 10. The laminated elastic body 11 has a laminated structure in which an intermediate plate 13 is sandwiched between a plurality of elastic body layers 12 and laminated. In the present embodiment, a metal plate is used as the intermediate plate 13, and a rubber material is used as a constituent material of the elastic body layer 12.

  The bead receiving portion 8 is fixed to the top plate 9 by a fixing member. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, a through hole is formed in the bead receiving portion 8, and a bar screw is erected on the top plate 9 at a position corresponding to the through hole of the bead receiving portion 8. The bead receiving portion 8 is fixed by a nut in a state where the bar screw of the top plate 12 is inserted into the through hole. In this embodiment, a rod screw and a nut are fixed members.

  The top plate 9, the bottom plate 10, the elastic body layer 12, and the intermediate plate 13 are each formed in a disk shape having a through hole at the center. An upper boss 15 is fixed to the center of the top plate 1, and a lower boss 16 is fixed to the center of the bottom body 10. Among the intermediate plates 13, the lowest intermediate plate 13 a in the laminated elastic body 11 is different from the other intermediate plates 13 b only in that a suspension portion 14 is formed on the outer peripheral edge.

  The suspending portion 14 may be formed at one or more locations on the outer peripheral edge of the intermediate plate 13a. However, in the present embodiment, two suspension portions 14 are suspended on the outer peripheral edge of the intermediate plate 13a at symmetrical positions across the central axis of the intermediate plate 13a. A portion 14 is formed. The two suspended portions 14 are provided so that the suspended air spring can be stably held. Further, the annular member 23a, which is a constituent member of the middle die 21 described later, is divided into two split molds with a simple structure. It is because it can be.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the suspension portion 14 has substantially the same thickness as the intermediate plate 13 a and is formed from the outer peripheral edge portion of the lowest intermediate plate 13 a toward the outer side in the radial direction of the intermediate plate 13 a. A through hole 14a is formed at the center of the hanging portion 14, and a hook or the like can be locked. With the above configuration, in the present embodiment, the lifting hook or the like can be easily locked to the hanging portion 14 even though the hanging portion 14 is not inclined with respect to the intermediate plate 13a.

  The shape of the hanging portion 14 is formed so that the tip has a rounded shape when seen in a plan view. In this embodiment, it is formed with substantially the same width from the proximal end to the middle vicinity, and only the distal end is rounded. Thereby, when the mold is closed or opened, when the hanging part 14 comes into contact with the mold, the hanging part 14 and the mold can be hardly damaged. In addition, as another form of the suspension part 14, as shown in FIG. 3, it is also possible to form so that a width | variety may become narrow gradually toward a front-end | tip from a base end.

  An example of a method for manufacturing the elastic mechanism 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 8, the mold for manufacturing the elastic mechanism 4 has an upper mold 20, a middle mold 21, and a lower mold 22. The upper mold 20 and the lower mold 22 are formed in a disk shape. The middle mold 21 includes an inner frame body 23 and an outer frame body 24. A core portion 25 is vertically suspended from the central portion of the upper mold 20.

  Both the inner frame body 23 and the outer frame body 24 are formed in a cylindrical shape, and the inner frame body 23 can be accommodated in the outer frame body 24 in close contact with the inner wall of the outer frame body 24. The inner frame body 23 is configured by stacking up and down six ring bodies 23a to 23c that can be combined. Both the inner frame body 23 and the outer frame body 24 are composed of two split molds divided into two in the circumferential direction. That is, in the inner frame body 23, each of the annular bodies 23a to 23c is formed of a split mold that can be divided into two in the circumferential direction.

  A pair of split molds constituting each of the toruses 23a to 23c can be engaged with each other by a convex part and a concave part (not shown), and behaves as one torus in the engaged state. In order to cancel the engagement state of the pair of split molds, it is only necessary to move away from each other in the radial direction.

  In order to manufacture the elastic mechanism 4 using the mold having the above-described configuration, first, the lower boss 16 is inserted into the through hole 10a in the center of the bottom plate 10 and the lower boss 16 is suspended from the lower surface of the bottom plate 10. The boss 16 is fixed, and the bottom plate 10 with the lower boss 16 is set on the lower mold 22 as shown in FIG. The bottom plate 10 and the lower boss 16 may be formed integrally. A through hole 22a is formed at the center of the lower mold 22, and the lower boss 16 is fitted into the through hole 22a.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5, an annular body 23 a engaged with a pair of split molds is set as a spacer on the lower mold 22 along the inner wall of the outer frame body 24 from the upper opening of the outer frame body 24. Then, the unvulcanized rubber sheet 26 is disposed at the step portion generated between the upper surface of the annular body 23a and the upper surface of the bottom plate 10. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the intermediate plate 13 a is placed on the unvulcanized rubber sheet 26.

  A circumferential concave portion into which the outer peripheral edge portion of the intermediate plate 13a is fitted is formed at the inner peripheral edge portion of the upper surface of the annular body 23a, and a part of the concave portion 27 is fitted into the hanging portion 14 of the intermediate plate 13a. Is extended outward in the radial direction, and the orientation of the intermediate plate 13a is adjusted so that the suspension portion 14 fits into the recess 27. The split surface of the annular body 23a is formed at a position rotated by 90 ° around the central axis C from the recess 27.

  An annular body 23b is placed on the annular body 23a, and an unvulcanized rubber sheet 26 is disposed at a step formed between the upper surface of the annular body 23b and the upper surface of the intermediate plate 13a. The intermediate plate 13b is placed on the surface. Thereafter, this operation is repeated, and as shown in FIG. 7, after setting the sixth annular body 23 c and disposing the unvulcanized rubber sheet 26, the top plate 9 is finally stacked.

  And as shown in FIG. 8, the metal mold | die with which the upper mold | type 20 was covered is heat-pressed from an up-down direction with a press board, and vulcanization molding is performed. When the core part 25 covers the upper mold 20 over the middle mold 21, the closed mold ends when the top plate 9, the elastic body layer 12 and the through holes of the intermediate plates 13 a to 13 b are inserted into contact with the bottom plate 10.

  5 to 8 are schematic views, and it seems that there is no gap between the torus 23a and the unvulcanized rubber sheet 26, but actually, the unvulcanized rubber sheet 26 is set at a predetermined position. Sometimes, there is a gap between the unvulcanized rubber sheet 26 and the torus 23a and the core part 25, and the height of the unvulcanized rubber sheet 26 is the elastic layer formed after molding. It is formed to be slightly higher than the height of 12.

  Therefore, when the intermediate plate 13a is placed on the unvulcanized rubber sheet 26, the surface of the intermediate plate 13a is held in a state where it is slightly lifted from the surface of the torus 23a. Further, when the torus 23b is placed on the torus 23a, a gap is also generated between the torus 23a and the torus 23b.

  As described above, in the state where the six toruses 23a to 23c are simply stacked, there is a gap between the adjacent toruses, and in each layer, the unvulcanized rubber sheet 26 and the toruses 23a to 23c are provided. And a gap is formed between the core portion 25 and the core portion 25.

  The mold is pressurized from above and below while being heated, so that there are no gaps between adjacent toruses. Accordingly, in each layer, the unvulcanized rubber sheet 26, the toruses 23a to 23c, and the core are removed. The gap between the portions 25 is also eliminated, and after vulcanization, the unvulcanized rubber sheet 26 becomes the elastic layer 12, and the elastic mechanism 4 in which six elastic layers 12 are laminated can be obtained.

  After the completion of molding, the upper mold 20 and the outer frame body 24 are removed, and then the annular bodies 23a to 23c are removed from the inner frame body 23 in order from the top. When removing the toric bodies 23a to 23c, the split molds may be slid in the horizontal direction in the radial direction (direction perpendicular to each split surface) to be separated. In the present invention, since the suspension portion 14 is provided outward in the radial direction (horizontal direction), the engagement state of the torus is canceled by the above operation, and the torus can be easily removed from the elastic mechanism 4. it can.

  A case of manufacturing a conventional elastic mechanism will be described with reference to FIG. 9, the conventional elastic mechanism is different from the elastic mechanism of the air spring according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8 only in that the suspension portion 14 is formed on the bottom plate 10. As shown in FIG.

  Due to the difference in the above configuration, the part configured with one annular body 23a in FIG. 8 as the mold for molding the elastic mechanism may not be configured with three annular bodies 23a1, 23a2 and 23a3 in FIG. In other words, the mold structure is complicated. This is divided into an upper side and a lower side with the tip of the suspended portion 14 formed as an inclination as a boundary, and the upper circular body is radially separated from the radially outer side with the tip of the suspended portion 14 as a boundary. This is because the hanging portion 14 can be removed from the mold by dividing it into the inner side.

  When the elastic mechanism 4 is removed from the mold shown in FIG. 9, the upper mold 20 and the outer frame body 24 are removed, and then the inner frame body 23 is formed in order from the uppermost ring body 23c. The pair of split molds are removed by pulling them outward in the radial direction. Then, as shown in FIG. 10, after the split molds of the annular body 23 a 2 are slid in the horizontal direction in the radial direction (direction perpendicular to each split surface) and separated, the annular body 23 a 3 is When removing, the split mold of 23a3 has to be moved obliquely upward (in the direction of the arrow in the figure) along the hanging portion 14, and it has been difficult to remove the mold.

  As described above in detail, in the present invention, since the suspension portion 14 that has conventionally been provided on the bottom plate 10 of the elastic mechanism 4 is formed on the peripheral edge portion of the intermediate plate 13, the split mold that constitutes the annular body 23a. It is possible to smoothly perform the demolding operation by sliding the slidably outward in the radial direction, and as a result, it is possible to easily manufacture the elastic mechanism.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, in this embodiment, the suspension part is provided radially outward (horizontal direction) from the outer peripheral edge of the intermediate plate. However, the suspension part is mechanically bent after being removed from the mold. It may be inclined.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, although the suspension part is formed in two places in the intermediate | middle board, it is not restricted to this, It is also possible to provide three or more places. Further, the hanging portion can be formed on the upper intermediate plate than the lowest intermediate plate.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Top plate 2 Lower member 3 Flexible member 4 Elastic mechanism 5 Support plate 6, 8 Bead receiving part 7 Protective rubber layer 9 Top plate 10 Bottom plate 11 Laminated elastic body 12 Elastic body layer 13 Intermediate plate 13a Lowermost intermediate plate 14 Hanging Part 15 Upper boss 16 Lower boss 20 Upper mold 21 Middle mold 22 Lower mold 23 Inner frame body 24 Outer frame body 25 Core part 26 Unvulcanized rubber sheet 27 Recessed part

Claims (4)

An upper plate, a lower member, and a cylindrical flexible member interposed between the upper plate and the lower member, the lower member having an elastic mechanism, A laminated elastic body having a top plate, a bottom plate, and a laminated elastic body interposed between the top plate and the bottom plate, and the laminated elastic body has a laminated structure in which an intermediate plate is sandwiched between a plurality of elastic layers; An air spring, wherein a suspension portion is provided on an outer peripheral edge of at least one intermediate plate among the intermediate plates. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein the suspension portion extends outward in the radial direction of the intermediate plate. 3. The air spring according to claim 1, wherein the hanging portion has a rounded tip when viewed in a plan view. The air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the suspension portion is formed on a lowermost intermediate plate in the laminated elastic body.

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