JP2015171413A - Air-supply structure in compression smoke prevention and exhaustion equipment, and compression smoke prevention and exhaustion equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air-supply structure in a compression smoke prevention and exhaustion equipment, which is enabled to shield smoke reliably by getting individual chambers in a compression smoke prevention and exhaustion equipment close to a static pressure field and by exerting smoke insulation actions on a smoke insulation opening from multiple directions.SOLUTION: An air-supply structure 20 of a compression smoke prevention and exhaustion equipment 10 comprises air-supply resistance means 30 for extending an air flow path P by the air supply from an air supply opening 4 toward a smoke insulation opening 3. The wind velocity of the air flow is sufficiently attenuated in the air flow path by the air-supply resistance means 30 thereby to establish a state close to a static pressure field. Therefore, an efficient smoke insulation by the static pressure can be achieved without performing an excessive air supply to the opening of the smoke insulation opening.

Description

  The present invention relates to an air supply structure in a pressurized smoke proofing facility and a pressurized smoke evacuating facility, and more specifically, each chamber in the pressurized smoke proofing facility is brought close to a static pressure field, and a smoke shielding opening is provided. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a technique that enables a reliable smoke shielding by exerting a smoke shielding action from multiple directions on a part.

  In a structure of a predetermined scale, it is necessary to install smoke emission equipment that appropriately discharges smoke generated in the event of a fire and facilitates evacuation and fire fighting activities. Among them, the pressurized smoke-proofing equipment is designed to prevent smoke from flowing from the air supply vents at bases for evacuation and fire extinguishing activities, such as rooms adjacent to evacuation stairs, special evacuation stairs, and other similar rooms. By pressurizing the opening, it has a function of eliminating smoke inside and preventing inflow of smoke from outside.

  The following technologies have been proposed as technologies related to such pressurized smoke prevention equipment. In other words, when a fire breaks out in a room, the smoke in the room is discharged outside to create a negative pressure, and air is supplied to the hallway through the room to add the room and hallway. Fire prevention method that keeps the pressure in the corridor lower than the pressure in the ancillary room by discharging the air in the corridor to the outside when the smoke exhaust operation from the living room is stopped as the fire progresses (Patent Document) 1) etc. have been proposed.

JP 11-319126 A

  In the above-described pressurized smoke-proofing equipment, the smoke shield door Sd is half-opened as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in consideration of the evacuation behavior of the residents and the situation where the fire hose is caught during fire fighting activities. The situation is assumed from the beginning. The opening So of the smoke shield door Sd is a smoke shield opening. In this situation, a part of the smoke Sm generated in the adjacent room 6 rises near the boundary between the adjacent room 6 and the attached room 2 due to the buoyancy due to the high temperature even if the smoke is blocked by the supply air. Then, it tries to enter the auxiliary room 6 through the space As above the half-opened smoke shielding part door.

  In order to perform reliable smoke shielding in response to such a situation, in addition to the conventional smoke shielding method by direct airflow from the air supply port, smoke from above the space As above the smoke shielding door. There is a further need for a smoke barrier technique that pushes in. However, in this case, not the dynamic pressure that exerts the smoke shielding effect only in the air flow direction from the air supply port, but the static pressure that exerts the smoke shielding effect from all directions on the opening So of the smoke shielding door Sd that is the smoke shielding opening. It is important to raise it. If the static pressure in the attached room 2 is relatively higher than the static pressure in the adjacent room 6, a smoke shielding effect from all directions can be expected with respect to the opening So of the smoke shielding door Sd which is a smoke shielding opening. This is because the intrusion of smoke from the space As above the smoke part door can also be effectively suppressed.

  On the other hand, the opening flow Of in a field where the static pressure is dominant, that is, in the static pressure field, is caused only by the difference in static pressure between the chambers as shown in FIG. 3 (air flow is generated in the direction of high static pressure → low static pressure). To do). In other words, it is assumed that the airflow in the static pressure field exists only in the opening Op at the boundary between the rooms, and does not substantially exist in each room. The pressurized smoke control system is also based on this concept, and it aims to increase the relative static pressure in the attached room because it forms an air current in the direction of smoke shielding at the smoke shielding opening at the boundary between the attached room and the adjacent room. Then, supply air is supplied to the annex room. At this time, the air flow in the attached room must be close to 0 as described above.

  Therefore, the bottom area of the ancillary room has been expanded to extend the distance between the ancillary room and the smoke-shielding opening, and the wind speed of the inflow air from the air supply port is attenuated until the smoke-shielding opening reaches the static pressure. It is conceivable to approach the field (wind speed in the attached room ≈ 0). However, it is difficult to realize economically because it is difficult to think about securing an additional room space larger than necessary due to the plan of the structure.

  In addition, measures to make the air inlet dimension larger than the opening dimension of the smoke shielding part door and strengthen the direct smoke shielding effect due to dynamic pressure, or install a perforated plate larger than the opening dimension of the smoke shielding part door, Measures to promote wind speed attenuation than usual are also envisaged, but when applied to existing structures, large-scale renovation work is required, and labor and cost tend to be excessive. In addition, when taking measures to increase the air supply rate by increasing the air supply volume at locations where the wind speed is insufficient in the smoke shield opening, the effort and cost will be excessive due to the additional installation and operation of the corresponding equipment. Easy and cannot be a realistic option.

  Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a technology that enables reliable smoke shielding by bringing each chamber in a pressurized smoke-exhaust and smoke-exhaust equipment close to a static pressure field and exerting smoke shielding action from multiple directions on the smoke shielding opening. And

  An air supply structure in a pressurized smoke-exhaust facility that solves the above problem is an air supply structure that supplies air from a supply port to a smoke-blocking opening through an attached room in the structure. An air supply resistance means for extending an air flow path by the air supply toward the smoke opening is provided.

  According to this, the above-mentioned air flow path from the air supply opening to the smoke shielding opening is appropriately extended as compared with the conventional case where the air supply resistance means is not applied, and the air velocity of the air flow is sufficiently attenuated in the air flow path. The Rukoto. Thus, it can be considered that the state in which the wind speed is sufficiently attenuated is close to the static pressure field. Therefore, efficient smoke shielding by static pressure can be achieved without excessively supplying air to the opening of the smoke shielding opening such as the smoke shielding door. In addition, since it is not necessary to make the bottom area of the annex room larger than the scale of a general facility plan, accurate smoke shielding is possible simply by placing the air supply resistance means in front of the air supply port. The degree of freedom of planning is good, and excessive costs and labor are not required when applying to existing structures.

  Therefore, each chamber in the pressurized smoke-proofing facility is brought close to a static pressure field, and the smoke-shielding action from multiple directions is exerted on the smoke-shielding opening, thereby enabling reliable smoke shielding.

  In the air supply structure in the above-described pressurized smoke-proofing facility, it is preferable that the air supply resistance means is a structure provided with a flat portion substantially parallel to the opening surface of the air supply port.

  According to this, the airflow that has flowed into the auxiliary chamber from the opening surface of the air supply port is once received by the flat surface portion of the air supply resistance means, and dispersed toward the side of the flat surface portion, so that the airflow from the air supply port. The air flow path toward the smoke shielding opening is changed and extended.

  Further, in the air supply structure in the above-described pressurized smoke-proofing facility, the flat surface portion in the air supply resistance means has dimensions larger than the opening width and the opening height of the air supply port, and the opening of the air supply port. It is preferable that the structure covers the surface with a predetermined distance.

  According to this, the airflow that has flowed into the ancillary room from the opening surface of the air supply port is efficiently received once by the flat surface portion of the air supply resistance means that covers the opening of the air supply port, and directed toward the side of the flat surface portion. As a result, the air flow path from the air supply port to the smoke shielding opening is changed efficiently and reliably and extended.

  Further, in the air supply structure in the above-described pressurized smoke prevention equipment, the air supply resistance means guides the airflow generated by the air supply received by the flat part in a plurality of directions on the outer periphery of the flat part and separates it. It is preferable to provide a part.

  According to this, after the airflow flowing into the ancillary chamber from the opening surface of the air supply port is once received efficiently by the flat surface portion of the air supply resistance means that covers the opening of the air supply port, the outer peripheral direction of this flat surface portion Therefore, the air flow path from the air supply port to the smoke shielding opening is changed more efficiently and reliably and further extended.

  Moreover, in the air supply structure in the above-described pressurized smoke prevention facility, it is preferable that the outer peripheral opening in the air supply resistance means is opened in a direction avoiding the smoke shield opening.

  According to this, it is possible to reliably avoid the situation where the airflow path changed by the air supply resistance means is directed to the smoke shielding opening, and to extend the airflow path more efficiently and reliably.

  Further, in the air supply structure in the above-described pressurized smoke-proofing facility, the air supply resistance means further includes a plane part moving mechanism that allows the distance between the plane part and the air supply port to be expanded and contracted. Also good.

  According to this, for example, in order to ensure the floor area of the attached room in normal times, the above-described flat portion and the air supply port are brought into close contact with each other, and in the event of a fire, the flat surface portion is appropriately separated from the air supply port in order to perform a smoke shielding operation. It is possible to freely control the smoke shielding operation such as opening the air supply port and enabling air supply from the air supply port. In this case, the air supply resistance means does not reduce the floor area of the attached room, and the degree of freedom in facility planning is further improved.

  Further, in the air supply structure in the above-described pressurized smoke prevention equipment, the air supply resistance means comprises a louver structure comprising a plurality of slats that are substantially parallel to the opening surface of the air supply opening and adjustable in angle. It may be a structure that guides the airflow generated by the air supply received by the slats in a direction corresponding to the angle of the slats.

  According to this, the air supply resistance means is almost integrated with the air supply port, and there is essentially no concern of reducing the floor area of the attached room, and the degree of freedom in facility planning is good. Also, for example, during normal times, the wing plate is rotated so that the main surface of each wing plate is parallel to the air supply opening, and the air supply port is covered with the wing plate. It is possible to freely control the smoke shielding operation such that the air supply port is opened by appropriately rotating from the normal state and the air supply from the air supply port is enabled.

  Further, the pressurized smoke-exhaust equipment of the present invention is an air supply structure for supplying air from the air supply port to the smoke-shielding opening through the attached room in the structure, and is directed from the air supply port to the smoke-shielding opening. It has an air supply structure provided with an air supply resistance means for extending the air flow path by the air supply.

  According to the present invention, each chamber in a pressurized smoke-proofing facility is brought close to a static pressure field, and smoke shielding action from multiple directions is exerted on the smoke shielding opening, thereby enabling reliable smoke shielding.

It is a top view which shows the example of the smoke-shielding situation in the smoke-shielding part door vicinity in the past. It is a perspective view which shows the example of the smoke-shielding situation in the smoke-shielding part door vicinity in the past. It is explanatory drawing which shows the opening flow near the boundary of each chamber which is a static pressure field. It is sectional drawing which shows the air supply structure example 1 in the pressurization smoke prevention equipment of this embodiment. It is a top view which shows the air supply structure example 1 in the pressurization smoke prevention equipment of this embodiment. It is a top view which shows the air supply structure example 2 in the pressurization smoke prevention equipment of this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the air supply resistance example example 1 of the air supply structure in this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the air supply resistance example 2 (at the time of normal temperature) of the air supply structure in this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the air supply resistance means example 2 (at the time of a fire) of the air supply structure in this embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the detailed structure of the air supply resistance means example 3 (at the time of a fire) of the air supply structure in this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the air supply resistance means example 3 (at the time of normal temperature) of the air supply structure in this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the air supply resistance means example 3 (at the time of a fire) of the air supply structure in this embodiment.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example 1 of the air supply structure 20 in the pressurized smoke-exhaust equipment 10 of the present embodiment, and FIG. 5 shows an example of the air supply structure 20 in the pressurized smoke-exhaust equipment 10 of the present embodiment. 1 is a plan view showing 1. FIG. The air supply structure 20 of the pressurized smoke evacuation facility 10 according to the present embodiment brings the chambers 2 and 6 of the pressurized smoke evacuation facility 10 close to a static pressure field, and smoke shielding from multiple directions with respect to the smoke shielding opening 3. It acts to enable reliable smoke shielding.

  As shown in FIG. 4 (cross-sectional view) and FIG. 5 (plan view), the building 1 in which the pressurized smoke-exhaust facility 10 of the present embodiment is installed has an air supply airway 8 that communicates with the outside air, It has a structure including an adjacent room 6 such as a corridor that communicates with the attached room 2 through the smoke-shielded opening 3 when the staircase 7 and its attached room 2 and the smoke-shielded part door Sd are opened. The staircase 7 is a direct staircase that leads to floors 15 or more of the building 1 or 3 floors below the basement. The general room (not shown) following the adjacent room 7 is provided with an air escape port, which is taken into the auxiliary room 2 through the air supply port 4 and from the adjacent room 6 through the smoke shield opening 3. It is assumed that the air flowing into the air is appropriately discharged. The building 1 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 has a structure in which the ancillary room 2 is arranged between the supply air duct 8 and the adjacent room 6. The building 1 shown in FIG. The structure is arranged between the staircase 7 and the adjacent chamber 6. As can be seen from the plan views of FIGS. 5 and 6, the arrangement positions of the smoke shield doors Sd are different between the buildings 1.

  On the other hand, the pressurized smoke-proofing facility 10 is supplied from the air supply port 4 for supplying air from the air supply path 8 into the attached room 2 via an appropriate intake mechanism such as an intake fan, and the supply from the air supply port 4. The air velocity of the airflow F is sufficiently decelerated by the action of the resistance plate 30 (air supply resistance means) that temporarily receives the airflow F, that is, the airflow F and extends the airflow path P, and the resistance plate 30, It has a configuration including at least a smoke shielding opening 3 that prevents the intrusion of smoke into the auxiliary chamber 2 by the static pressure that is relatively higher than that of the adjacent chamber 6 due to the increase in the amount of air acting from multiple directions. When a fire occurs, the intake mechanism of the air supply port 4 that has received a signal from an appropriate fire detection means such as a fire alarm operates to start supplying air to the attached room 2. Further, the smoke shielding opening 3 serves as an opening of the smoke shielding door Sd.

  Among these, the resistance plate 30 is a structure provided with a flat portion 31 substantially parallel to the opening surface 4a of the air supply port 4 as shown in FIG. The plane portion 31 is a flat plate member having dimensions (height H2 and width W2) equal to or larger than the opening height H1 and the opening width W1 of the air supply port 4, and is separated from the air supply port 4 by a predetermined distance R. The opening surface 4a is covered. The resistance plate 30 has a bottom 31b of the flat portion 31 placed on the floor surface 2f of the chamber 2 and one end fixed to the flat portion 31 and the other end fixed to the installation wall 9 of the air supply port 4. In 34, the above-mentioned distance R is maintained, and it is stably standing in the attached room 2.

  In the air supply structure 20 having the above-described structure, the airflow F that has flowed into the auxiliary chamber 2 through the air supply port 4 flows as it is toward the inner side of the auxiliary chamber 2 by a distance R, and enters the flat portion 31 of the resistance plate 30. collide. At this time, since the air flow F has been obstructed by the flat surface portion 31 in the previous traveling direction, the air flow path P is rapidly changed toward the opening provided on the outer periphery of the flat surface portion 31, that is, the outer peripheral opening portion 33. The airflow F whose airflow path P has changed abruptly in this way is separated in various directions toward each opening direction of the outer peripheral opening 33, and is directly connected to the ceiling surface 2b, the floor surface 2f, or the side wall surfaces 2c, 2d of the auxiliary chamber 2. It moves around in the attached room 2 while repeating collisions and parallel movements, and the speed is sufficiently attenuated. The state where the velocity of the air flow F is sufficiently attenuated in the attached chamber 2 and is close to zero is a state similar to the static pressure field. Therefore, in the corresponding state, the static pressure mainly acts on the opening of the smoke shield door Sd, that is, the smoke shield opening 3, so that efficient smoke shielding can be performed.

  In addition, since the above-mentioned airflow F moves the airflow path P of sufficient distance in the attached room 2, the outer periphery opening part 33 in the resistance board 30 avoided the opening of the smoke shielding part door Sd, ie, the smoke shielding opening part 3. The arrangement is such that it opens in the direction and avoids the situation where the airflow F reaches the smoke shielding opening 3 immediately and earns the distance of the airflow path P as much as possible.

  Further, the support member 34 in the resistance plate 30 described above may include a moving mechanism that allows the separation distance R of the flat portion 31 from the installation wall surface 9 of the air supply port 4 in the auxiliary chamber 2 to be freely expandable and contractable. As the moving mechanism, a structure in which a support member 34 is configured from a hydraulic cylinder capable of extending and contracting a predetermined distance and a control device for the hydraulic cylinder can be applied.

  FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an air supply resistance means example 2 (at normal temperature) of the air supply structure 20 in the present embodiment, and FIG. 9 is an air supply resistance means example 2 (in a fire) of the air supply structure 20 in the present embodiment. FIG. When the resistance plate 30 in the air supply structure 20 includes such a moving mechanism, as illustrated in FIG. 8, storage in which the flat portion 31 and the air supply port 4 are in close contact with each other in order to secure the floor area of the auxiliary chamber 2 at normal times. As illustrated in FIG. 9, in the event of a fire, the hydraulic cylinder of the support member 34 is extended to appropriately separate the flat portion 31 from the air supply port 4, thereby opening the air supply port 4. Accordingly, in the event of a fire, air can be supplied from the open air inlet 4. In this case, the resistance plate 30 as the air supply resistance means does not reduce the floor area of the attached room 2, and the degree of freedom in facility planning is further improved.

  Then, the other form of the air supply resistance means in the air supply structure 20 is demonstrated. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a detailed structure of an air supply resistance means example 3 (during a fire) of the air supply structure in the present embodiment. The air supply resistance means shown here includes a louver structure 40 including a plurality of blades 41 that are substantially parallel to the opening surface 4a of the air supply port 4 and are adjustable in angle. Each wing plate 41 in the louver structure 40 is rotatably fixed by a rotating shaft 42 erected on the opening surface 4 a of the air supply port 4. Appropriate driving means ( A predetermined angle of rotation is possible by a motor or human power. In addition, the rotation of each slat 41 is synchronized between the slats, and a simultaneous rotation operation is performed.

  In such a louver structure 40, as shown in FIG. 11, in normal times, the wing plate 41 is rotated at an angle at which the main surface of each wing plate 41 is parallel to the air supply opening 4a. Covering. In this case, the louver structure 40 and the air supply port 4 are almost integrated, and there is essentially no concern of reducing the floor area of the auxiliary room 2.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 12, in the event of a fire, each vane 41 is appropriately rotated from the normal state by the above-described driving means to form a louver opening 43 and the air supply port 4 is opened (FIG. 10, 12 state), air supply from the air supply port 4 is made possible. In this case, the airflow F flowing into the auxiliary chamber 2 from the opening surface 4 a of the air supply port 4 is temporarily received by each wing plate 41, but the louver opening 43 formed according to the rotation direction of the wing plate 41. It is guided in the direction, moves around the chamber 2 while repeatedly colliding with the side walls 2c and 2d of the chamber 2 or the ceiling surface 2b and the floor surface 2f, parallel movement, and the like, and the speed is gradually attenuated. . In this way, since the air flow F moves through the air flow path P with a sufficient distance in the attached room 2, the louver opening 43 in the louver structure 40 is a direction avoiding the opening of the smoke shielding door Sd, that is, the smoke shielding opening 3. The operation mode is such that the airflow F immediately reaches the smoke shielding opening 3 and the distance of the airflow path P is increased as much as possible.

  In addition, in this embodiment, although the example which assumed the building as a structure was demonstrated, the application object of this invention is not limited only to this. In addition to buildings such as buildings and plants, various civil engineering structures such as tunnels and their incidental facilities (eg, evacuation routes and shelters in civil engineering structures) are also applicable to the present invention.

  According to this embodiment, each chamber in the pressurized smoke-proofing facility is brought close to the static pressure field, and the smoke-shielding action from multiple directions with respect to the smoke-shielding opening is exerted, thereby enabling reliable smoke shielding.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described concretely based on the embodiment, it is not limited to this and can be variously changed in the range which does not deviate from the summary.

P Airflow path F Airflow Sd Smoke shield door Sm Smoke 1 Building (structure)
2 Annex 3 Smoke-shielding opening 4 Air supply opening 5 Air supply opening surface 6 Adjacent room 7 Staircase 8 Air supply airway 9 Air supply opening installation wall 10 Pressurized smoke prevention equipment 20 Air supply structure 30 Air supply resistance means 31 Planar part 32 Flat part outer periphery 33 Peripheral opening 34 Support member 40 Louver structure 41 Blade plate 42 Rotating shaft 43 Louver opening

Claims (8)

  An air supply structure for supplying air to the smoke shielding opening from the air supply opening through the attached room in the structure, and an air supply resistance extending the air flow path by the supply air from the air supply opening toward the smoke shielding opening. An air supply structure in a pressurized smoke-proofing facility, characterized by comprising means.   2. The air supply structure in the pressurized smoke-proofing facility according to claim 1, wherein the air supply resistance means is a structure including a flat portion substantially parallel to an opening surface of the air supply port.   The flat surface portion in the air supply resistance means is a structure having a size equal to or larger than an opening width and an opening height of the air supply port and covering the opening surface of the air supply port with a predetermined distance therebetween. An air supply structure in the pressurized smoke-exhaust equipment according to claim 2.   4. The pressurization according to claim 3, wherein the air supply resistance means includes an outer peripheral opening that guides and separates the airflow generated by the air supply received at the flat portion in a plurality of directions on the outer periphery of the flat portion. Air supply structure in smoke prevention equipment.   The air supply structure in the pressurized smoke-proof facility according to claim 4, wherein the outer peripheral opening in the air supply resistance means is opened in a direction avoiding the smoke shielding opening.   6. The additive according to claim 2, wherein the air supply resistance means further includes a plane portion moving mechanism that allows a distance between the plane portion and the air supply port to be expanded and contracted. Air supply structure in pressure-proof flue gas equipment.   The air supply resistance means includes a louver structure composed of a plurality of blades that are substantially parallel to the opening surface of the air supply opening and are adjustable in angle, and the air flow received by the blades is supplied to the blades by the air supply. 2. The air supply structure in a pressurized smoke-exhaust equipment according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a structure that leads in a direction according to an angle.   An air supply structure for supplying air to the smoke shielding opening from the air supply opening through the attached room in the structure, and an air supply resistance extending the air flow path by the supply air from the air supply opening toward the smoke shielding opening. A pressurized smoke-exhaust equipment having an air supply structure provided with means.