JP2015170237A - Automatic vending machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automatic vending machine capable of maintaining optimum cycle according to the operation mode in a chamber.SOLUTION: The automatic vending machine is provided with an HC operation mode for simultaneously carrying out the heating operation and the cooling operation. By controlling the restriction amount of a first expansion valve 3 and the evaporation temperature on an inner heat exchanger 2b which operates as an evaporator to a desired temperature so that the temperature difference between the temperature at an air inlet of an inner heat exchanger 2a which operates as a radiator and the temperature at a coolant outlet of the inner heat exchanger 2a is constant and the high pressure side gets a supercritical state, a refrigeration cycle device which uses carbon dioxide as the coolant cools the commodities to an appropriate temperature while substantially optimizing the heating capacity and energy consumption efficiency relevant to heating of the commodities.

Description

  The present invention relates to a vending machine that heats or cools a product such as a can beverage using a heat pump cycle.

  Conventionally, a heat pump cycle mounted on this type of vending machine is, for example, shown in FIG. 17 (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  As shown in FIG. 17, the compressor 1, the internal heat exchangers 2 a to 2 c, the first expansion valve, and the external heat exchanger 4 are connected in a ring shape with piping to constitute a heat pump cycle 5. The heat pump cycle 5 is filled with carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. In the circuit of the heat pump cycle 5, electromagnetic valves 6a to 6c for performing an opening / closing operation are provided.

  Moreover, the internal fans 7a to 7c for blowing air to the internal heat exchangers 2a to 2c are installed in the vicinity of the internal heat exchangers 2a to 2c, and the external heat exchanger is adjacent to the external heat exchanger 4. An outside fan 8 for blowing air to 4 is installed.

  The main body of the vending machine includes a product storage 100 that stores products, and a machine room (not shown) disposed in the lower part of the product storage 100. In the product storage 100, a first cooling greenhouse 101 that cools or warms the stored product, a second cooling greenhouse 102 that cools or warms the stored product, and cooling that cools the stored product. It is partitioned into a dedicated chamber 103, and each is provided with internal heat exchangers 2a-2c and internal fans 7a-7c.

  Further, the compressor 1, the first expansion valve, the external heat exchanger 4, the external fan 8, and the electromagnetic valves 6a to 6c are generally stored in a machine room.

  It should be noted that the product is a product storage shelf (not shown) suspended from the top of each of the product storage rooms (the first cooling greenhouse 101, the second cooling greenhouse 102, and the cooling chamber 103) of the product storage 100. )).

  The operation of the conventional vending machine installed as described above will be described below.

  In the conventional vending machine, the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated, and at the same time, at least one of the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 is cooled (three-chamber operation). CCH, two-chamber operation CH), a heating operation mode (one-chamber operation H) in which only the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated, and at least one of the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling-only chamber 103 The cooling operation mode (two-chamber operation CC and one-chamber operation C) in which only one of the coolings is performed is switched by opening / closing the electromagnetic valves 6a to 6c.

  In the vending machine described in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 17, a gas cooler 21 provided on the downstream side of the external heat exchanger 4 (referred to as an auxiliary heat exchanger in Patent Document 1), the external A temperature sensor 22 that detects the refrigerant outlet temperature of the heat exchanger 4, a bypass pipe 23 that bypasses the gas cooler 21, and a bypass switching three-way valve 24 that switches the flow path between the gas cooler 21 and the bypass pipe 23 are provided.

Then, in the cooling and heating operation mode, during operation of the heat pump cycle 5, the outdoor fan 8 (outdoor in Patent Document 1) according to the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger 4 detected by the temperature sensor 22. When the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the external heat exchanger 4 exceeds a predetermined value (for example, 75 ° C.), the bypass switching three-way valve 24 is switched to the gas cooler 21 side. The refrigerant circulating in the heat pump cycle 5 is controlled so as to flow not on the bypass pipe 23 side but on the gas cooler 21 side.

  As described above, by controlling the heat exchange capacity in the external heat exchanger 4 and the gas cooler 21, the three heat exchanges of the internal heat exchanger 2a, the external heat exchanger 4, and the gas cooler 21 that operate on the high pressure side. It is possible to reduce the outlet temperature and enthalpy of the gas cooler 21 disposed at the most downstream side while increasing the total heat exchange amount in the furnace and suppressing the high pressure in the supercritical state within a predetermined range.

  As a result, the enthalpy difference on the cooling side in the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c operating as an evaporator increases, and the cooling capacity of the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c and the energy saving performance of the heat pump cycle 5 can be improved. it can.

JP 2010-9105 A

  The conventional technique controls the high pressure in the supercritical state to be a predetermined value or less depending on whether or not the output of the external fan 8 and the bypass pipe 23 which is a bypass circuit of the gas cooler 21 are used.

  Therefore, the refrigerant | coolant exit temperature of the heat exchanger 2a in a store | warehouse | chamber which is arrange | positioned inside the 1st cooling chamber 101, and operate | moves as a heat sink becomes high, and heat exchange amount in the heat exchanger 2a in a store | chamber is fully enough The product in the first cooling greenhouse 101 could not be sufficiently heated by the heat pump cycle 5. As a result, there is a problem that the energy saving performance of the vending machine is impaired because the heating by the heating heater is performed.

  In addition, since the evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c becomes a matter of course, the products in the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the exclusive cooling chamber 103 are cooled to a desired temperature (about 5 ° C.). In the worst case, there is a problem that the product freezes and breaks.

  The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and includes a heat pump cycle that uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant and performs heating and cooling, is excellent in energy saving, and cools a product to a desired temperature without freezing destruction. The purpose is to provide a vending machine that can.

In order to achieve the above object, a vending machine according to the present invention includes a compressor, a plurality of in-compartment heat exchangers provided in each of a plurality of product storage rooms in the product storage, and the in-compartment heat exchanger. And a first decompression unit, an external heat exchanger, and a control unit. Carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, and at least one of the commodity storage chambers is switched by switching a refrigerant flow path. An automatic vending machine configured to be heated by an internal heat exchanger, wherein the control means is configured to store at least one of the product storage chambers in which at least one of the product storage chambers is heated by the internal heat exchanger. In the HC operation mode in which the chamber is cooled by the internal heat exchanger, the inlet temperature of the air flowing through the internal heat exchanger for heating the product storage chamber and the internal temperature for heating the product storage chamber The difference from the refrigerant outlet temperature of the heat exchanger The throttle amount of the first pressure reducing means is controlled so that the high pressure side of the refrigerant cycle is in a supercritical state, and the evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchanger for cooling the product storage chamber becomes a desired temperature. To control.

  As a result, the temperature difference between the refrigerant and the air changes together with the operating pressure of the refrigerant in the internal heat exchanger used for heating the product storage chamber, and the outlet temperature of the refrigerant is sufficiently close to the inlet temperature of the air. It acts so that it may become temperature, and can increase the heating capability of the internal heat exchanger for heating.

  Further, the evaporating temperature is changed together with the refrigerant hold amount in the heat exchanger used for cooling the product storage chamber so that the air outlet temperature of the internal heat exchanger for cooling becomes an appropriate temperature for cooling the product. Act on.

  Thus, the refrigeration cycle apparatus using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant can improve the heating capacity and energy consumption efficiency for heating the product, and at the same time, the vending machine can cool the product at an appropriate temperature.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes possible to keep the temperature of the goods cooled always at an appropriate temperature, and the vending machine excellent in energy saving property can be provided, without impairing the quality of goods.

Configuration diagram of heat pump cycle used in vending machine in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 of the present invention Explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant when simultaneously performing cooling and heating in the vending machine of Embodiment 1 of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of heating independent operation in the vending machine of Embodiment 1 of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of the cooling single operation in the vending machine of Embodiment 1 of this invention. The flowchart which shows control of the 1st expansion valve in the case of performing simultaneously cooling and heating in the vending machine of Embodiment 1 of this invention. Table for determining target value ΔTa0 of refrigerant outlet temperature difference used for controlling the first expansion valve when cooling and heating are simultaneously performed in the vending machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The flowchart which shows control of the 2nd expansion valve in the case of performing heating single operation in the vending machine of Embodiment 1 of this invention, and when performing cooling and heating simultaneously in Embodiment 2. Table for determining the target value ΔTa0 of the refrigerant outlet temperature difference used for controlling the second expansion valve when performing the heating single operation in the vending machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The flowchart which shows control of the 1st expansion valve in the case of performing the cooling single operation in the vending machine of Embodiment 1 of this invention. When performing the single cooling operation in the vending machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention and when the cooling and heating are performed simultaneously in the second embodiment, the target value Tsat0 of the evaporation temperature used for controlling the first expansion valve is set. Table to decide Mollier diagram showing the operating point of the heat pump cycle in the vending machine of Embodiment 1 of the present invention The flowchart which shows control of the fan in a store | warehouse | chamber in the vending machine of Embodiment 1 of this invention. The flowchart which shows control of the fan outside a store | warehouse | chamber in the vending machine of Embodiment 1 of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the flow of the refrigerant | coolant at the time of a driving | operation when simultaneously performing cooling and heating in the vending machine of Embodiment 1 of this invention. Table for determining the target value ΔTa0 of the refrigerant outlet temperature difference used for controlling the first expansion valve when cooling and heating are simultaneously performed in the vending machine according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The flowchart which shows control of the 1st expansion valve in the vending machine of Embodiment 2 of this invention. Configuration diagram of heat pump cycle of conventional vending machine

  According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a compressor, a plurality of in-compartment heat exchangers provided in each of a plurality of product storage chambers in the product storage, an in-compartment fan for blowing air to the in-compartment heat exchanger, A decompression means, an external heat exchanger, and a control means are provided, carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, and at least one of the product storage chambers can be heated by the internal heat exchanger by switching the refrigerant flow path. In the vending machine, the control unit is configured to heat at least one of the product storage chambers by the internal heat exchanger and cool at least one of the remaining product storage chambers by the internal heat exchanger. In the HC operation mode, the inlet temperature of the air flowing through the internal heat exchanger for heating the product storage chamber and the outlet temperature of the refrigerant of the internal heat exchanger for heating the product storage chamber The difference is constant and the high pressure side of the refrigerant cycle is supercritical And controlling the amount of squeezing of the first pressure reducing means so that the evaporating temperature of the internal heat exchanger for cooling the product storage chamber becomes a desired temperature. It is a vending machine.

  As a result, the temperature difference between the refrigerant and the air changes together with the operating pressure of the refrigerant in the internal heat exchanger used for heating the product storage chamber, and the outlet temperature of the refrigerant is sufficiently close to the inlet temperature of the air. It acts so that it may become temperature, and can increase the heating capability of the internal heat exchanger for heating.

  Further, the evaporating temperature is changed together with the refrigerant hold amount in the heat exchanger used for cooling the product storage chamber so that the air outlet temperature of the internal heat exchanger for cooling becomes an appropriate temperature for cooling the product. Act on.

  Thus, it is possible to provide a vending machine capable of cooling the product at an appropriate temperature at the same time while improving the heating capacity and energy consumption efficiency related to the heating of the product in the refrigeration cycle apparatus using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.

  In the second invention, in particular, the control means in the first invention sends air to the internal heat exchanger so that the evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchanger that cools the product storage chamber becomes a desired temperature. Controls the air volume or the number of rotations of the internal fan, and the evaporating temperature of the cooling internal heat exchanger operating as an evaporator can be accurately controlled so that it reaches the target temperature. The temperature of the product stored in the room can be maintained at the target temperature.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, the refrigerant flow path further includes a second decompression unit, and the second decompression unit is arranged in series downstream of the first decompression unit, The control means controls the throttle amount of the second pressure reducing means so that the evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchanger for cooling the commodity storage chamber becomes a desired temperature.

  As a result, the evaporating temperature of the cooling internal heat exchanger operating as an evaporator can be accurately controlled to the target temperature, so that the temperature of the product stored in the cooling product storage chamber is maintained at the target temperature. be able to.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a vending machine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a heat pump cycle mounted on a vending machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

  The compressor 1, the internal heat exchangers 2 a to 2 c, the first expansion valve 3, and the external heat exchanger 4 are connected in a ring shape with piping to constitute a heat pump cycle 5. The heat pump cycle 5 is filled with carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.

  In the circuit of the heat pump cycle 5, electromagnetic valves 6a to 6c for performing an opening / closing operation are provided. Moreover, the resistors 15a-15c which adjust the shunt to each indoor heat exchanger 2a-2c are provided in the downstream of the solenoid valves 6a-6c.

  Further, in-compartment heat exchangers 2a to 2c are provided with in-compartment fans 7a to 7c for blowing air to the in-compartment heat exchangers 2a to 2c. An outside fan 8 for blowing air to 4 is installed. In addition, an internal heat exchanger 9 for exchanging heat between the high-pressure side refrigerant and the low-pressure side refrigerant of the heat pump cycle 5 is provided.

  The vending machine according to the first embodiment includes a product storage 100 for storing products and a machine room (not shown) disposed in the lower part of the product storage 100. The product storage 100 is divided into three sections, a first cooling greenhouse 101 that cools or warms the stored product, a second cooling greenhouse 102 that cools or warms the stored product, and the stored product. A cooling chamber 103 for cooling is provided. In each warehouse, a product storage shelf (not shown) is suspended at the top, and the product is stored inside.

  In the 1st cooling greenhouse 101, the refrigerant | coolant which distribute | circulates the inside and the air inside the 1st cooling greenhouse 101 are arrange | positioned in the vicinity of the heat exchanger 2a in the warehouse, and the heat exchanger 2a in the warehouse. The internal fan 7a that circulates the air in the first cooling greenhouse 101 so as to pass through the internal heat exchanger 2a, and the product in the first cooling greenhouse 101 are energized. And a temperature sensor (not shown) for detecting the room temperature of the first cooling greenhouse 101 is disposed.

  In the 2nd cooling greenhouse 102, the refrigerant | coolant which distribute | circulates an inside and the air in the 2nd cooling greenhouse 102 are arrange | positioned in the vicinity of the heat exchanger 2b in the warehouse, and the heat exchanger 2b in the warehouse. The internal fan 7b that circulates the air in the second cooling greenhouse 102 so as to pass through the internal heat exchanger 2b, and the product in the second cooling greenhouse 102 are energized. A heating heater 16b that generates heat and a temperature sensor (not shown) that detects the indoor temperature of the second cooling greenhouse 102 are arranged.

  In the cooling exclusive chamber 103, the internal heat exchanger 2c for exchanging heat between the refrigerant circulating inside and the air in the exclusive cooling chamber 103 is disposed in the vicinity of the internal heat exchanger 2c, and the internal heat exchange is performed. An internal fan 7c that circulates the air in the exclusive cooling chamber 103 so as to pass through the vessel 2c and a temperature sensor (not shown) that detects the indoor temperature of the exclusive cooling chamber 103 are arranged.

  The first expansion valve 3 is provided at the outlet of the external heat exchanger 4, and the throttle amount is controlled by the control means (not shown) of the cooling and heating system. Mainly, at least one of the in-compartment heat exchangers 2a to 2c operates as an evaporator to control and operate the product when it is cooled.

The second expansion valve 14 is provided in a circuit from the internal heat exchanger 2a to the external heat exchanger 4, and the throttle amount is controlled by a control means (not shown) of the cooling control means. Mainly, the internal heat exchanger 2a operates as a radiator and is controlled and operated when the air in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated.

  The first three-way valve 10 is arranged on the downstream side of the discharge pipe of the compressor 1, and selectively communicates the discharge pipe of the compressor 1 with either the internal heat exchanger 2 a or the external heat exchanger 4. Let

  The second three-way valve 11 is disposed between the internal heat exchanger 2 a and the external heat exchanger 4, and the internal heat exchanger 2 a is either the external heat exchanger 4 or the suction pipe of the compressor 1. Selectively communicates with

  The third three-way valve 12 is arranged in a circuit from the high-pressure side outlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 to the external heat exchanger 4, and the high-pressure side outlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 is connected to the second expansion valve 14. The path toward the external heat exchanger 4 and the path toward the external heat exchanger 4 directly without passing through the second expansion valve 14 are selectively communicated.

  The bypass valve 13 is provided on a circuit that connects the outlet of the external heat exchanger 4 and the low-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9.

  The internal heat exchangers 2a to 2c and the external heat exchanger 4 are fin-tube heat exchangers, and are generally configured so that a copper tube vertically penetrates a substantially flat aluminum plate. Is.

  The internal heat exchanger 9 is a double-pipe heat exchanger, and is generally configured such that the high-pressure side refrigerant flows through the inner flow path and the low-pressure side refrigerant flows through the outer flow path to exchange heat with each other. It is.

  About the vending machine of this Embodiment comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement and an effect | action are demonstrated below.

  The vending machine according to the present embodiment heats the first cooling greenhouse 101 and simultaneously cools both the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 (three-chamber operation CCH). In addition, the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated, and at the same time, one of the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 is cooled, and the other is not cooled or heated. Operation CH), a heating operation mode (one-room operation H) in which only the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated, a first cooling greenhouse 101, a second cooling greenhouse 102, and a cooling exclusive chamber 103. Cooling operation mode (three-chamber operation CCC) for cooling all the rooms, and cooling only two of the first cooling chamber 101, the second cooling chamber 102, and the cooling chamber 103. Cooling operation mode (two-chamber operation CC) and first cooling and heating 101, the second cooling chamber 102, and the cooling operation mode (one-chamber operation C) in which only one of the cooling-only chambers 103 is cooled, the first three-way valve 10 and the second three-way valve 11. Switching is performed by opening and closing the third three-way valve 12 and the solenoid valves 6a to 6c.

  First, the operation in the cooling and heating operation mode in which the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated and the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 are cooled will be described.

  The flow of the refrigerant in the heat pump cycle in the cooling and heating operation mode in which the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated and the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 are cooled is as shown in FIG. .

In the cooling and heating operation mode in which the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated and the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 are cooled, the solenoid valve 6a is closed and the solenoid valves 6b and 6c are turned on. The first three-way valve 10 is in an open state, the discharge pipe of the compressor 1 is in communication with the inlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a, and the second three-way valve 11 is connected to the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a. And the high pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 are in communication with each other, and the third three-way valve 12 is connected to the high pressure side outlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 and the inlet of the external heat exchanger 4 is the second expansion valve. 14 is bypassed and communicates directly.

  Further, the bypass valve 13 is closed, the outlet of the external heat exchanger 4 and the low-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 are not in direct communication, and the compressor 1 is started.

  The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 passes through the first three-way valve 10 and is supplied to the internal heat exchanger 2a. The internal heat exchanger 2a operates as a radiator, and the first cooling unit is blown from the high-temperature and high-pressure (for example, high temperature of 100 ° C.) refrigerant toward the internal heat exchanger 2a by the internal fan 7a. The heat is dissipated to the air inside the greenhouse 101, and the inside of the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated. Further, the product stored in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated to become a medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant (for example, a medium temperature of 60 ° C.).

  On the other hand, the refrigerant that radiates and flows out to the air in the internal heat exchanger 2 a passes through the second three-way valve 11 and is supplied to the high-pressure side passage of the internal heat exchanger 9. In the internal heat exchanger 9, heat is radiated from the high-pressure side refrigerant to the low-temperature side refrigerant, the temperature of the high-pressure side refrigerant is lowered, and the temperature of the low-pressure side refrigerant is raised.

  Thereafter, the refrigerant that has flowed out of the internal heat exchanger 9 is supplied to the external heat exchanger 4 via the third three-way valve 12. In the external heat exchanger 4, heat is radiated from a medium-temperature and high-pressure (for example, medium temperature of 40 ° C.) refrigerant to external air blown by the external fan 8 toward the external heat exchanger 4, and the refrigerant Falls further, and becomes a low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant (for example, a low temperature of 25 ° C.).

  The refrigerant flowing out of the external heat exchanger 4 is depressurized by the first expansion valve 3 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and then branched in two directions, passing through the electromagnetic valves 6b and 6c, respectively, The pressure is further reduced in 15b and 15c, and then supplied to the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c, respectively.

  Both the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c operate as an evaporator, and the low-temperature and low-pressure (for example, low temperature of −5 ° C.) two-phase refrigerant is transferred to the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c by the internal fans 7b and 7c. The air inside the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 that is blown toward the outside is cooled, and the inside of the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 is cooled. Further, the products stored in the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 are cooled.

  On the other hand, after the air is cooled by the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c and part or all of the refrigerant is gasified, the refrigerant is merged again and then supplied to the low-pressure channel of the internal heat exchanger 9. . In the internal heat exchanger 9, the low-pressure side refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-pressure side refrigerant, becomes a superheated gas, and recirculates from the suction pipe of the compressor 1.

  And the control means (not shown) of the cooling and heating system maintains the indoor temperature of the first cooling and heating greenhouse 101 within a preset heating temperature range, and the second cooling and heating chamber 102, dedicated to cooling. Switching of the first three-way valve 10, the second three-way valve 11, and the third three-way valve 12 and the compressor 1 so that the temperature in each chamber of the chamber 103 is maintained within a preset cooling temperature range. The operation of the internal fans 2a to 2c and the external fan 8 is controlled.

  For example, when the temperature in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated to a predetermined temperature (for example, 58 ° C.) that is the upper limit value of the heating temperature range, at least one of the electromagnetic valves 6b and 6c is open. If at least one of the flow paths from the first expansion valve 3 to the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c is open, the first three-way valve 10 is connected to the discharge pipe of the compressor 1 and the internal heat. Switching from the state in which the inlet of the exchanger 2a communicates to the state in which the discharge pipe of the compressor 1 and the high-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 communicate with each other, so that the refrigerant does not flow into the internal heat exchanger 2a. At the same time, the operation of the internal fan 7a blowing to the internal heat exchanger 2a is stopped.

  At this time, the second three-way valve 11 keeps the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a and the high-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 in communication.

  And after switching the 1st three-way valve 10 so that the refrigerant | coolant from the compressor 1 may not flow into the internal heat exchanger 2a, the temperature of the 1st cooling greenhouse 101 becomes a lower limit of a heating temperature range. When the temperature drops to a predetermined temperature (for example, 53 ° C.), the first three-way valve 10 is switched again so that the compressor 1 communicates with the inlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a, and the internal fan 7a is operated. Resume.

  Next, when the temperature in the second cooling greenhouse 102 is cooled to a predetermined temperature (for example, 1 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the cooling temperature range, the electromagnetic valve 6b is switched from the open state to the closed state, While the refrigerant does not flow into the internal heat exchanger 2b, the operation of the internal fan 7b is stopped.

  And if the temperature in the 2nd cooling chamber 102 rises to the predetermined temperature (for example, 5 degreeC) used as the upper limit of a cooling temperature range during the stop of the compressor 1, the solenoid valve 6b will be opened from a closed state. And the refrigerant flows again to the internal heat exchanger 2b, and the operation of the internal fan 7b is resumed.

  Furthermore, when the temperature in the exclusive cooling chamber 103 is cooled to a predetermined temperature (for example, 1 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the cooling temperature range, the electromagnetic valve 6c is switched from the open state to the closed state, and the internal heat While the refrigerant does not flow into the exchanger 2c, the operation of the internal fan 7c is stopped.

  At this time, if the first three-way valve 10 communicates with the compressor 1 and the high-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 and the electromagnetic valve 6b is closed, the first cooling chamber 101 Since the heating, the cooling of the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 are all stopped, the compressor 1 is stopped.

  If the first three-way valve 10 communicates with the compressor 1 and the inlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a and both the solenoid valves 6b and 6c are closed, the third three-way valve 12 is heated to the internal heat. From the state where the high-pressure side outlet of the exchanger 9 and the inlet of the external heat exchanger 4 are in direct communication, the high-pressure side outlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 and the inlet of the external heat exchanger 4 connect the second expansion valve 14. The first cooling chamber 101 is switched by a heat pump cycle in which the bypass valve 13 is opened, the internal heat exchanger 2a operates as a radiator, and the external heat exchanger 4 operates as an evaporator. Continue heating.

  When the temperature in the exclusive cooling chamber 103 rises to a predetermined temperature (for example, 5 ° C.) that is the upper limit value of the cooling temperature range while the compressor 1 is stopped, the electromagnetic valve 6c is switched from the closed state to the open state, The refrigerant again flows into the internal heat exchanger 2c, and the operation of the internal fan 7c is resumed.

  The heating heater 16a disposed in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated at a very low temperature at which the operation of the heat pump cycle cannot be performed or when heating is impossible such as initial pull-up. In normal heating, it is designed and controlled to preferentially perform heating by an efficient heat pump cycle.

  The warming heater 16b disposed in the second cooling and heating greenhouse 102 is operated and controlled when warming the product in the second cooling and heating greenhouse 102.

  Next, the operation in the heating operation mode in which only the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated will be described.

The flow of the refrigerant in the heat pump cycle in the heating operation mode in which only the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated is as shown in FIG.

  In the heating operation mode in which only the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated, the first three-way valve 10 is brought into a state where the discharge pipe of the compressor 1 and the inlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a communicate with each other. The second three-way valve 11 is in a state where the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a communicates with the high-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9, and the third three-way valve 12 is connected to the high-pressure side of the internal heat exchanger 9. From the state where the outlet and the inlet of the external heat exchanger 4 are in direct communication, the state where the high-pressure side outlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 and the inlet of the external heat exchanger 4 are connected via the second expansion valve 14 is changed. .

  Further, the electromagnetic valves 6b and 6c are closed to prevent refrigerant from flowing into the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c, and the bypass valve 13 is opened to allow the outlet of the external heat exchanger 4 and the internal heat to be discharged. The compressor 1 is started with the low pressure side inlet of the exchanger 9 in direct communication.

  The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 passes through the first three-way valve 10 and is supplied to the internal heat exchanger 2a. The internal heat exchanger 2a operates as a radiator and dissipates heat from the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to the air inside the first cooling greenhouse 101 that is blown by the internal fan 7a toward the internal heat exchanger 2a. Then, the inside of the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated. Further, the product stored in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated.

  On the other hand, the refrigerant that has radiated heat to the air in the internal heat exchanger 2 a passes through the second three-way valve 11 and is supplied to the high-pressure channel of the internal heat exchanger 9. In the internal heat exchanger 9, heat is radiated from the high-pressure side refrigerant to the low-temperature side refrigerant, the temperature of the high-pressure side refrigerant is lowered, and the temperature of the low-pressure side refrigerant is raised.

  Thereafter, the refrigerant that has flowed out of the internal heat exchanger 9 is supplied to the second expansion valve 14 via the third three-way valve 12, and is depressurized in the second expansion valve 14 to be a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. After that, it is supplied to the external heat exchanger 4.

  The external heat exchanger 4 operates as an evaporator, and the low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant cools and absorbs external air that is blown toward the external heat exchanger 4 by the external fan 8 and absorbs heat. The refrigerant gasified in part or in whole passes through the bypass valve 13 and is supplied to the low-pressure channel of the internal heat exchanger 9. In the internal heat exchanger 9, the low-pressure side refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-pressure side refrigerant, and becomes a superheated gas and returns to the suction pipe of the compressor 1.

  And if the temperature of the 1st cooling greenhouse 101 is heated up to the predetermined temperature (for example, 58 degreeC) used as the upper limit of a heating temperature range, the control means (not shown) of a cooling heating system will be, The compressor 1, the internal fan 7a, and the external fan 8 are stopped, and the temperature in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is the heating temperature while the compressor 1, the internal fan 7a, and the external fan 8 are stopped. When the temperature falls to a predetermined temperature (for example, 53 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the range, the control means (not shown) of the cooling and heating system operates the compressor 1, the internal fan 7a, and the external fan 8 again. .

  Finally, the operation in the cooling operation mode in which all of the first cooling greenhouse 101, the second cooling greenhouse 102, and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 are cooled will be described.

  The flow of the refrigerant in the heat pump cycle in the cooling operation mode in which all of the first cooling greenhouse 101, the second cooling greenhouse 102, and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 are cooled is as shown in FIG.

In the cooling operation mode in which only all-room cooling is performed, the solenoid valves 6a to 6c are opened, and the first three-way valve 10 communicates with the discharge pipe of the compressor 1 and the high-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9. The second three-way valve 11 is in communication with the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a and the low-pressure inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9, and the third three-way valve 12 is connected to the high-pressure side of the internal heat exchanger 9. It is assumed that the outlet and the inlet of the external heat exchanger 4 are in direct communication without passing through the second expansion valve 14.

  Further, the bypass valve 13 is closed, the outlet of the external heat exchanger 4 and the low-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 are not in direct communication, and the compressor 1 is started.

  The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 passes through the first three-way valve 10 and is supplied to the high-pressure channel of the internal heat exchanger 9. The internal heat exchanger 9 radiates heat by exchanging heat with the low-pressure side refrigerant. The refrigerant that has flowed out of the high-pressure side outlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 passes through the third three-way valve 12 and is supplied to the external heat exchanger 4.

  At this time, the external heat exchanger 4 operates as a radiator, dissipates heat from the refrigerant to the external air blown toward the external heat exchanger 4 by the external fan 8, and the temperature of the refrigerant further decreases. Thus, the refrigerant becomes a low-temperature and high-pressure (for example, a low temperature of 25 ° C.).

  On the other hand, the refrigerant that has dissipated heat to the outside air in the external heat exchanger 4 is depressurized by the first expansion valve 3 and then branches to flow paths toward the internal heat exchangers 2a to 2c. And it supplies to the heat exchangers 2a-2c in a store | warehouse | chamber through the solenoid valves 6a-6c and resistors 15a-15c provided in each circuit.

  At this time, all the internal heat exchangers 2a to 2c operate as an evaporator, and cool the internal air blown toward the internal heat exchangers 2a to 2c that are paired by the internal fans 7a to 7c. And cool the interior. Furthermore, the goods stored in the warehouse are cooled.

  On the other hand, after the air is cooled by the internal heat exchangers 2a to 2c, the refrigerant that is partially or wholly evaporated and gasified is re-merged and then supplied to the low-pressure side flow path of the internal heat exchanger 9. . In the internal heat exchanger 9, the low-pressure side refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-pressure side refrigerant, becomes a superheated gas, and recirculates from the suction pipe of the compressor 1.

  Then, the control means (not shown) of the cooling and heating system determines that the temperature in each of the first cooling and heating chamber 101, the second cooling and heating chamber 102, and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 is a preset cooling temperature. The first three-way valve 10, the second three-way valve 11, the third three-way valve 12 are switched, and the compressor 1, the internal fans 2 a to 2 c, and the external fan 8 are operated so as to maintain the range. I have control.

  For example, when the temperature in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is cooled to a predetermined temperature (for example, 1 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the cooling temperature range, the electromagnetic valve 6a is switched from the open state to the closed state, While the refrigerant does not flow into the internal heat exchanger 2a, the operation of the internal fan 7a is stopped.

  And in the state which made the solenoid valve 6a a closed state and the refrigerant | coolant did not flow into the heat exchanger 2a in the store | warehouse | chamber, the temperature in the 1st cooling greenhouse 101 becomes the upper limit of a cooling temperature range When the temperature rises to (for example, 5 ° C.), the electromagnetic valve 6a is switched from the closed state to the open state, and the operation of the internal fan 7a is resumed.

  If the temperature in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is cooled to a predetermined temperature (for example, 1 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the cooling temperature range, both the solenoid valves 6b and 6c are closed, If the refrigerant is not flowing through the heat exchangers 2b and 2c, the electromagnetic valve 6a is switched from the open state to the closed state so that the refrigerant does not flow into the internal heat exchanger 2a and the compressor 1 And the operation of the internal fan 7a are stopped.

And if the temperature in the 1st cooling greenhouse 101 rises to the predetermined temperature (for example, 5 degreeC) used as the upper limit of a cooling temperature range during the stop of the compressor 1, the solenoid valve 6a will be opened from a closed state. And the compressor 1 is started again, and the operation of the internal fan 7a is resumed.

  Here, when the temperature in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is cooled to a predetermined temperature (for example, 1 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the cooling temperature range, the cooling operation is stopped, and then the cooling temperature range is reached. The operation of restarting the cooling operation when the temperature reaches a predetermined upper limit value (for example, 5 ° C.) has been described. However, the temperature in the second cooling greenhouse 102 or the temperature in the cooling exclusive chamber 103 is cooled. The same operation is performed when a predetermined temperature (for example, 1 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the temperature range or a predetermined temperature (for example, 5 ° C.) that is the upper limit value is reached.

  Next, the operation of the first expansion valve 3 and the second expansion valve 14 in each operation mode will be described.

  When the cooling and heating operation is performed simultaneously in the cooling and heating operation mode, the control means (not shown) of the cooling and heating system is operated so that the first expansion valve 3 is operated as the pressure reducing means of the heat pump cycle 5. Control.

  FIG. 5 shows a control flowchart of the first expansion valve 3 when simultaneous cooling and heating operations are performed.

  Refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa (= Tra−Taa) between the outlet temperature Tra of the refrigerant flowing out from the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a and the intake air temperature Taa blown toward the internal heat exchanger 2a by the internal fan 7a ) Controls the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 so that the target refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa0 is set in advance.

  Specifically, when the refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa is larger than the target refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa0 by 1K or more, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is decreased by two pulses to increase the throttle amount, and the refrigerant outlet temperature difference When ΔTa is smaller than the target refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa0 by 1K or more, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is increased by two pulses to reduce the throttle amount.

  If the refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa is within ± 1K with the target refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa0, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is not changed. The comparison of the refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa and the change of the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 as necessary are performed every 30 seconds.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the target temperature difference ΔTa0 is determined based on, for example, the temperature in the internal heat exchanger 2a and the outside air temperature, and decreases as the temperature in the internal heat exchanger 2a increases. Generally, the higher the temperature, the smaller is set.

  Thereby, the refrigerant outlet temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2a is lowered to the vicinity of the suction temperature of the air blown to the internal heat exchanger 2a by setting the high pressure side to a supercritical state, and the heat in the internal heat exchanger 2a is reduced. While substantially maximizing the exchange amount, it acts not only to increase the high pressure, but can not only improve the energy consumption efficiency related to the heating of the heat pump cycle 5, but also substantially reduces the heating capacity of the internal heat exchanger 2a. By maximizing the amount of heating by the heating heater 16a, the energy consumption efficiency of the vending machine can be improved.

  In addition, when the heating / single operation is performed in the cooling / warming operation mode or the warming operation mode, the control unit of the cooling / warming system (the control unit ( (Not shown).

  FIG. 7 shows a control flowchart of the second expansion valve 14 in the case where the heating single operation is performed.

  A temperature difference ΔTa (= Tra−Taa) between the outlet temperature Tra of the refrigerant flowing out from the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a and the intake air temperature Taa blown toward the internal heat exchanger 2a by the internal fan 7a Then, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is controlled so that the target temperature difference ΔTa1 is set in advance.

  Specifically, when the refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa is larger than the target refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa1 by 1K or more, the opening of the second expansion valve 14 is reduced by two pulses to increase the throttle amount, and the refrigerant outlet temperature difference When ΔTa is smaller than the target refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa1 by 1K or more, the opening degree of the second expansion valve 14 is increased by two pulses to reduce the throttle amount.

  If the refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa is within ± 1K with the target refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa1, the opening degree of the second expansion valve 14 is not changed. The comparison of the refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa and the opening change of the second expansion valve 14 as necessary are performed every 30 seconds.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the target temperature difference ΔTa1 is determined based on, for example, the temperature in the internal heat exchanger 2a and the outside air temperature, and decreases as the temperature in the internal heat exchanger 2a increases. Generally, the higher the temperature, the smaller is set.

  Thereby, the refrigerant outlet temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2a is lowered to the vicinity of the suction temperature of the air blown to the internal heat exchanger 2a by setting the high pressure side to a supercritical state, and the heat in the internal heat exchanger 2a is reduced. While substantially maximizing the exchange amount, it acts not only to increase the high pressure, but can not only improve the energy consumption efficiency related to the heating of the heat pump cycle 5, but also substantially reduces the heating capacity of the internal heat exchanger 2a. By maximizing the amount of heating by the heating heater 16a, the energy consumption efficiency of the vending machine can be improved.

  In addition, when the cooling single operation is performed in the cooling / heating operation mode or the cooling operation mode, the control means (not shown) of the cooling / heating system is operated so that the first expansion valve 3 is operated as the pressure reducing means of the heat pump cycle 5. Control).

  FIG. 9 shows a control flowchart of the first expansion valve 3 in the case of the cooling single operation.

  The opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is controlled such that the refrigerant evaporation temperature Tsat in the internal heat exchanger 2b or 2c becomes a preset target evaporation temperature Tsat0. Specifically, when the evaporation temperature Tsat is higher than the target evaporation temperature Tsat0 by 0.5K or more, the opening of the first expansion valve 3 is reduced by two pulses to increase the throttle amount, and the evaporation temperature Tsat becomes the target evaporation. When the temperature is lower than the temperature Tsat0 by 0.5K or more, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is increased by 2 pulses to reduce the throttle amount.

  If the evaporation temperature Tsat is within ± 0.5K of the target evaporation temperature Tsat0, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is not changed. Such comparison of the evaporation temperature Tsat and change of the opening of the first expansion valve 3 as necessary are performed every 30 seconds.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the target evaporation temperature Tsat0 is determined based on, for example, the temperature in the internal heat exchanger 2b and the outside air temperature, and increases as the temperature in the internal heat exchanger 2b increases. Generally, the higher the temperature, the smaller is set.

  At this time, the target evaporation temperature Tsat0 is set so that the high-pressure side pressure of the heat pump cycle 5 (the operating pressure of the external heat exchanger 4) is equal to or lower than the critical pressure.

  This not only acts to reduce the compression ratio (the ratio between the high-pressure side pressure and the low-pressure side pressure) in the compressor 1, but the refrigerant flowing through the external heat exchanger 4 is in a gas-liquid two-phase state. By utilizing the phase change in which the gas phase is condensed into the liquid phase, the heat transfer coefficient on the refrigerant side in the external heat exchanger 4 acts so as to be improved as compared with the case of the single phase state.

  As a result, not only energy consumption efficiency is improved by reducing the amount of power consumed by the compressor 1, but also by increasing the heat exchange amount in the external heat exchanger 4 operating as an evaporator, the heat pump cycle 5 The effect that the energy consumption efficiency which concerns on can be improved is produced.

  When shifting from the simultaneous cooling and heating operation to the cooling single operation in the cooling and heating operation mode, the first three-way valve 10 is switched as described above, the electromagnetic valve 6a is opened, and the first expansion is performed. It operates to increase the opening of the valve 3 and reduce the amount of throttle.

  When simultaneous cooling and heating operations are performed, in order to maximize the heating capacity of the internal heat exchanger 2a, the amount of throttling in the first expansion valve 3 is increased and the high pressure is set to a supercritical state. The discharge temperature is raised to raise the refrigerant inlet temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2a, and at the same time, the high pressure is raised to lower the refrigerant outlet temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2a until it becomes close to the internal temperature.

  After that, when shifting to the cooling single operation, it is not necessary to heat the inside of the first cooling greenhouse 101 by the internal heat exchanger 2a, so that the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is increased and throttled. By reducing the amount, the discharge temperature and high pressure are reduced to reduce the work of the compressor 1, and at the same time, the heat transfer coefficient is improved by operating the external heat exchanger 4 in a gas-liquid two-phase state. ing.

  FIG. 11 shows a change in the operating point of the heat pump cycle 5 at this time on the Mollier line.

  When performing the heating operation, the outlet temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2a is lowered to a temperature within the first cooling greenhouse 101 that is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature (for example, 53 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the heating temperature range. Since this is not possible, the supercritical state is achieved so that the heating capacity of the internal heat exchanger 2a is substantially maximized.

  At the same time, when the cooling single operation is performed, the external heat exchanger 4 operates as a radiator. Therefore, even if the throttle amount of the first expansion valve 3 is reduced and the high pressure is set below the critical pressure, the external heat exchanger 4 acts to lower the refrigerant outlet temperature to near the outside air temperature. At this time, by operating the external heat exchanger 4 in the gas-liquid two-phase state, the enthalpy difference of the refrigerant in the external heat exchanger 4 is increased as shown in FIG.

  As a result, it is possible to achieve both substantially maximizing the energy consumption efficiency of the heat pump cycle 5 during simultaneous cooling and heating operation and substantially maximizing the energy consumption efficiency of the heat pump cycle 5 during single cooling operation. Play.

  When shifting from the cooling single operation to the simultaneous cooling and heating operation in the cooling and heating operation mode, the first three-way valve 10 is switched as described above, the electromagnetic valve 6a is closed, and the first expansion is performed. The valve 3 operates to reduce the opening degree and increase the throttle amount.

When performing a single cooling operation, it is not necessary to heat the inside of the first cooling greenhouse 101 by the internal heat exchanger 2a. Therefore, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is increased to reduce the throttle amount. Since the discharge temperature and the high pressure can be lowered by operating the high pressure below the critical pressure, the work amount of the compressor 1 is reduced, and at the same time, the heat is generated by operating the external heat exchanger 4 in the gas-liquid two-phase state. We are trying to improve the transmission rate.

  After that, when shifting to the simultaneous operation of cooling and heating, in order to substantially maximize the heating capacity in the internal heat exchanger 2a, the throttle amount in the first expansion valve 3 is increased and the discharge temperature is set. The high pressure is raised from the supercritical state to increase the refrigerant inlet temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2a, and the high pressure is increased to lower the refrigerant outlet temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2a to near the internal temperature.

  Thereby, it is possible to achieve both the maximization of the energy consumption efficiency of the heat pump cycle 5 during the simultaneous cooling and heating operation and the maximization of the energy consumption efficiency of the heat pump cycle 5 during the cooling single operation.

  Next, the operation of the internal fans 7a to 7c and the external fan 8 in each operation mode will be described.

  The internal fan 7b functions as an evaporator in the cooling and heating simultaneous operation state in which the inside of the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated in the cooling and heating mode and the inside of the second cooling greenhouse 102 is cooled. The evaporating temperature of the operating internal heat exchanger 2b is controlled to be lower by a certain temperature (for example, 7K) than a predetermined temperature (for example, 1 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the cooling temperature range.

  FIG. 12 shows a control flowchart of the internal fan 7b in the simultaneous operation state of cooling and heating.

  If a temperature sensor (not shown) provided in the internal heat exchanger 2b detects the evaporation temperature when the internal heat exchanger 2b operates as an evaporator, and the detected evaporation temperature is higher than the target evaporation temperature, If the rotation speed of the internal fan 7b is decreased, the air volume is decreased and the evaporation temperature approaches the target evaporation temperature, conversely, if the detected evaporation temperature is lower than the target evaporation temperature, the internal fan 7b is controlled. The number of rotations is increased, the air volume is increased, and the evaporation temperature is controlled to approach the target evaporation temperature.

  As a result, the evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2b operating as an evaporator is set to an appropriate temperature for cooling the product in the second cooling greenhouse 102, substantially independently of the operating pressure on the high pressure side. Product in the second cooling greenhouse 102 while improving the heat exchange amount in the internal heat exchanger 2a operating as a radiator and improving the energy consumption efficiency of the heat pump cycle 5 The temperature can be maintained within a cooling temperature range (for example, 1 to 5 ° C.).

  The internal fan 7c is a storage that operates as an evaporator in the cooling and heating simultaneous operation state in which the inside of the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated in the cooling and heating mode and the inside of the cooling exclusive chamber 103 is cooled. The evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2c is controlled to be a certain temperature (for example, 7K) lower than a predetermined temperature (for example, 1 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the cooling temperature range.

  FIG. 12 shows a control flowchart of the internal fan 7c in the simultaneous operation state of cooling and heating.

The temperature sensor (not shown) provided in the internal heat exchanger 2c detects the evaporation temperature when the internal heat exchanger 2c operates as an evaporator, and if the detected evaporation temperature is higher than the target evaporation temperature. If the rotation speed of the internal fan 7c is decreased, the air volume is decreased and the evaporation temperature approaches the target evaporation temperature, conversely, if the detected evaporation temperature is lower than the target evaporation temperature, the internal fan 7c is controlled. The number of rotations is increased, the air volume is increased, and the evaporation temperature is controlled to approach the target evaporation temperature.

  Thus, the evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2b operating as an evaporator can be set to an appropriate temperature for cooling the product in the cooling exclusive chamber 103 substantially independently of the operating pressure on the high pressure side. In addition, the amount of heat exchange in the internal heat exchanger 2a operating as a radiator is improved, and the energy consumption efficiency of the heat pump cycle 5 is improved, while the temperature of the product in the cooling exclusive chamber 103 is cooled. There exists an effect that it can maintain within a temperature range (for example, 1-5 ° C).

  The outside fan 8 has an excessively high temperature of the compressor in the cooling and heating mode in which the inside of the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 is cooled. The output is controlled stepwise according to the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 so as not to rise.

  FIG. 13 shows a control flowchart of the external fan 8 in the simultaneous operation state of cooling and heating.

  The temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is detected by a discharge sensor of the compressor 1 or a temperature sensor (not shown) provided in the main body of the compressor 1, and the operation is performed when the detected discharge temperature exceeds 100 ° C. To start. Thereafter, if the temperature continues to rise, the output is controlled stepwise (for example, every 5K).

  As a result, the sum of the heat radiation amounts in the internal heat exchanger 2a and the external heat exchanger 4 is increased, so that the discharge temperature is lowered by lowering the high pressure. As a result, it is possible to prevent the compressor 1 from being overheated while keeping the refrigerant inlet temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2a high and increasing the heating capacity of the internal heat exchanger 2a.

(Embodiment 2)
The configuration of the heat pump cycle mounted on the vending machine in the second embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1 and is the same as the configuration of the heat pump cycle mounted on the vending machine in the first embodiment of the present invention. The description of the configuration is omitted.

  In the following, with respect to the operation and action, portions different from those of Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described.

  The operation mode of the vending machine in the second embodiment of the present invention is the same as the operation mode of the vending machine in the first embodiment of the present invention.

  First, the operation in the cooling and heating operation mode in which the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated and the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 are cooled will be described. FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing the flow direction of the refrigerant in the heat pump cycle in the cooling and heating operation mode.

  In the cooling and heating operation mode in which the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated and the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 are cooled, the solenoid valve 6a is closed and the solenoid valves 6b and 6c are turned on. The first three-way valve 10 is in an open state, the discharge pipe of the compressor 1 is in communication with the inlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a, and the second three-way valve 11 is connected to the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a. And the high pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 are in communication with each other, and the third three-way valve 12 is connected to the high pressure side outlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 and the inlet of the external heat exchanger 4 is the second expansion valve. 14 to communicate with each other.

Further, the bypass valve 13 is closed, the outlet of the external heat exchanger 4 and the low-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 are not in direct communication, and the compressor 1 is started.

  The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 passes through the first three-way valve 10 and is supplied to the internal heat exchanger 2a. The in-compartment heat exchanger 2a operates as a radiator, and the first cooling that is blown from the high-temperature and high-pressure (for example, high temperature of 100 ° C.) refrigerant by the in-compartment fan 7a toward the in-compartment heat exchanger 2a. The heat is dissipated to the air inside the heating chamber 101, and the inside of the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated. Further, the product stored in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated to become a medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant (for example, a medium temperature of 60 ° C.).

  On the other hand, the refrigerant that radiates and flows out to the air in the internal heat exchanger 2 a passes through the second three-way valve 11 and is supplied to the high-pressure side passage of the internal heat exchanger 9. In the internal heat exchanger 9, heat is radiated from the high-pressure side refrigerant to the low-temperature side refrigerant, the temperature of the high-pressure side refrigerant is lowered, and the temperature of the low-pressure side refrigerant is raised.

  Thereafter, the refrigerant that has flowed out of the internal heat exchanger 9 is reduced in pressure by the second expansion valve 14 via the third three-way valve 12 to become a medium-temperature / medium-pressure refrigerant, and then to the external heat exchanger 4. Supplied.

  In the external heat exchanger 4, heat is radiated from an intermediate temperature / intermediate pressure (for example, medium temperature of 40 ° C.) refrigerant to outside air that is blown by the external fan 8 toward the external heat exchanger 4, The temperature of the refrigerant further decreases, and becomes a refrigerant having a low temperature and medium pressure (for example, a low temperature of 25 ° C.).

  The refrigerant that has flowed out of the external heat exchanger 4 is further reduced in pressure in the first expansion valve 3 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and then branched in two directions, passing through the electromagnetic valves 6b and 6c, respectively, The pressure is further reduced in the units 15b and 15c, and then supplied to the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c, respectively.

  Both the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c operate as an evaporator, and the low-temperature and low-pressure (for example, a low temperature of −5 ° C.) two-phase refrigerant is transferred to the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c by the internal fans 7b and 7c. The air inside the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 that is blown toward is cooled, and the inside of the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 is cooled. Further, the products stored in the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 are cooled.

  On the other hand, after the air is cooled by the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c and part or all of the refrigerant is gasified, the refrigerant is merged again and then supplied to the low-pressure channel of the internal heat exchanger 9. . In the internal heat exchanger 9, the low-pressure side refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-pressure side refrigerant, becomes a superheated gas, and recirculates from the suction pipe of the compressor 1.

  And the control means (not shown) of the cooling and heating system maintains the indoor temperature of the first cooling and heating greenhouse 101 within a preset heating temperature range, and the second cooling and heating chamber 102, dedicated to cooling. Switching of the first three-way valve 10, the second three-way valve 11, and the third three-way valve 12 and the compressor 1 so that the temperature in each chamber of the chamber 103 is maintained within a preset cooling temperature range. The operation of the internal fans 2a to 2c and the external fan 8 is controlled.

For example, when the temperature in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated to a predetermined temperature (for example, 58 ° C.) that is the upper limit value of the heating temperature range, at least one of the electromagnetic valves 6b and 6c is open. If at least one of the flow paths from the first expansion valve 3 to the internal heat exchangers 2b and 2c is in an open state, the first three-way valve 10 is connected to the discharge pipe of the compressor 1 and the internal chamber. Switching from the state in which the inlet of the heat exchanger 2a communicates to the state in which the discharge pipe of the compressor 1 and the high-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 are in communication with each other so that no refrigerant flows into the internal heat exchanger 2a. The third three-way valve 12 passes through the second expansion valve 14 from the state where the high-pressure side outlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 and the inlet of the external heat exchanger 4 communicate with each other via the second expansion valve 14. Without switching to a state where it directly communicates with the internal heat exchanger 2a. To stop the operation of the emissions 7a.

  At this time, the second three-way valve 11 keeps the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a and the high-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 in communication.

  After the first three-way valve 10 is switched so that the refrigerant from the compressor 1 does not flow into the internal heat exchanger 2a, the temperature of the first cooling greenhouse 101 becomes a lower limit value of the heating temperature range. When the temperature drops to 53 ° C. (for example, 53 ° C.), the first three-way valve 10 is switched again so that the compressor 1 and the inlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a communicate with each other. The high-pressure side outlet of the exchanger 9 and the inlet of the external heat exchanger 4 are switched so as to communicate with each other via the second expansion valve 14, and the operation of the internal fan 7a is resumed.

  Next, when the temperature in the second cooling greenhouse 102 is cooled to a predetermined temperature (for example, 1 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the cooling temperature range, the electromagnetic valve 6b is switched from the open state to the closed state, While the refrigerant does not flow into the internal heat exchanger 2b, the operation of the internal fan 7b is stopped.

  If the temperature in the second cooling greenhouse 102 rises to a predetermined temperature (for example, 5 ° C.) that is the upper limit value of the cooling temperature range while the compressor 1 is stopped, the electromagnetic valve 6b is changed from the closed state to the open state. And the refrigerant again flows into the internal heat exchanger 2b, and the operation of the internal fan 7b is resumed.

  Further, when the temperature in the exclusive cooling chamber 103 is cooled to a predetermined temperature (for example, 1 ° C.) that is the lower limit value of the cooling temperature range, the electromagnetic valve 6c is switched from the open state to the closed state, and the heat exchange inside the chamber is performed. The refrigerant is not allowed to flow into the container 2c, and the operation of the internal fan 7c is stopped.

  At this time, if the first three-way valve 10 communicates with the compressor 1 and the high-pressure side inlet of the internal heat exchanger 9 and the electromagnetic valve 6b is closed, the first cooling chamber 101 Since the heating, the cooling of the second cooling greenhouse 102 and the cooling exclusive chamber 103 are all stopped, the compressor 1 is stopped.

  If the first three-way valve 10 is in communication between the compressor 1 and the inlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a, and the electromagnetic valves 6b and 6c are both closed, the bypass valve 13 is opened, The expansion amount of the expansion valve 14 is adjusted to continue heating the first cooling greenhouse 101 in a heat pump cycle in which the internal heat exchanger 2a operates as a radiator and the external heat exchanger 4 operates as an evaporator. To do.

  When the temperature in the exclusive cooling chamber 103 rises to a predetermined temperature (for example, 5 ° C.) that is the upper limit value of the cooling temperature range while the compressor 1 is stopped, the electromagnetic valve 6c is switched from the closed state to the open state, The refrigerant again flows into the internal heat exchanger 2c, and the operation of the internal fan 7c is resumed.

  The heating heater 16a disposed in the first cooling greenhouse 101 is heated at a very low temperature at which the operation of the heat pump cycle cannot be performed or when heating is impossible such as initial pull-up. In normal heating, it is designed and controlled to preferentially perform heating by an efficient heat pump cycle.

  The warming heater 16b disposed in the second cooling and heating greenhouse 102 is operated and controlled when warming the product in the second cooling and heating greenhouse 102.

  Next, the operation of the first expansion valve 3 and the second expansion valve 14 in each operation mode will be described.

  When simultaneous operation of cooling and heating is performed in the cooling and heating operation mode, cooling and heating are performed so that two of the first expansion valve 3 and the second expansion valve 14 are operated as decompression means of the heat pump cycle 5. Control means (not shown) of the temperature system controls.

  FIG. 7 shows a control flowchart of the second expansion valve 14 in the case where simultaneous operation of cooling and heating is performed.

  Refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa (= Tra−Taa) between the outlet temperature Tra of the refrigerant flowing out from the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 2a and the intake air temperature Taa blown toward the internal heat exchanger 2a by the internal fan 7a ) Controls the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 so that the target refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa0 is set in advance.

  Specifically, when the refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa is larger than the target refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa0 by 1K or more, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is decreased by two pulses to increase the throttle amount, and the refrigerant outlet temperature difference When ΔTa is smaller than the target refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa0 by 1K or more, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is increased by two pulses to reduce the throttle amount.

  If the refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa is within ± 1K with the target refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa0, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is not changed. The comparison of the refrigerant outlet temperature difference ΔTa and the change of the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 as necessary are performed every 30 seconds.

  As shown in FIG. 15, the target temperature difference ΔTa0 is determined based on, for example, the temperature in the internal heat exchanger 2a and the outside air temperature, and decreases as the temperature in the internal heat exchanger 2a increases. Generally, the higher the temperature, the smaller is set.

  FIG. 16 shows a control flowchart of the first expansion valve 3 in the case of the cooling single operation.

  The opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is controlled such that the refrigerant evaporation temperature Tsat in the internal heat exchanger 2b or 2c becomes a preset target evaporation temperature Tsat0. Specifically, when the evaporation temperature Tsat is higher than the target evaporation temperature Tsat0 by 0.5K or more, the opening amount of the first expansion valve 3 is decreased by one pulse to increase the throttle amount, and the evaporation temperature Tsat becomes the target evaporation. When the temperature is lower than the temperature Tsat0 by 0.5K or more, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is increased by one pulse to reduce the throttle amount.

  If the evaporation temperature Tsat is within ± 0.5K of the target evaporation temperature Tsat0, the opening degree of the first expansion valve 3 is not changed. Such comparison of the evaporation temperature Tsat and change of the opening of the first expansion valve 3 as necessary are performed every 60 seconds.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the target evaporation temperature Tsat0 is determined based on, for example, the temperature in the internal heat exchanger 2b and the outside air temperature, and increases as the temperature in the internal heat exchanger 2b increases. Generally, the higher the temperature, the smaller is set.

Thereby, the refrigerant outlet temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2a is lowered to the vicinity of the suction temperature of the air blown to the internal heat exchanger 2a by setting the high pressure side to a supercritical state, and the heat in the internal heat exchanger 2a is reduced. While the amount of exchange is substantially maximized and the excessive increase in high pressure is prevented, the evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchanger 2b operating as an evaporator is substantially independent of the operating pressure on the high pressure side, and the second cooling chamber It acts so that it can be set to an appropriate temperature for cooling the product in 102, while keeping the temperature of the product in the second cooling greenhouse 102 within a cooling temperature range (for example, 1 to 5 ° C.). The energy consumption efficiency of the vending machine is improved by improving the energy consumption efficiency related to the heating of the heat pump cycle 5, substantially maximizing the heating capacity of the internal heat exchanger 2a, and reducing the heating amount by the heating heater 16a to the maximum. Increase efficiency There is an effect that it is Rukoto.

  As described above, in the vending machine according to the present invention, when cooling and heating are performed simultaneously in a heat pump cycle, while maintaining the cooling chamber at an appropriate temperature, the high pressure is appropriately increased to improve the heating capacity and save energy. Therefore, it can be used for equipment that includes a plurality of storage rooms and switches between cooling and heating in each storage room.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor 2a-2c Internal heat exchanger 3 1st expansion valve (1st pressure reduction means)
4 External heat exchanger 5 Heat pump cycle 6a to 6c Solenoid valve 7a to 7c Internal fan 14 Second expansion valve (second decompression means)
100 Commodity storage 101 First cooling chamber 102 Second cooling chamber 103 Cooling room

Claims (3)

A compressor, a plurality of in-compartment heat exchangers provided in each of a plurality of product storage chambers in the product storage, an in-compartment fan for blowing air to the in-compartment heat exchanger, a first decompression unit, and the outside of the storage A vending machine comprising a heat exchanger and control means, wherein carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, and at least one of the product storage chambers can be heated by the internal heat exchanger by switching the refrigerant flow path. There,
In the HC operation mode in which at least one of the product storage chambers is heated by the internal heat exchanger and the remaining at least one of the product storage chambers is cooled by the internal heat exchanger, The difference between the inlet temperature of the air flowing through the internal heat exchanger for heating the storage chamber and the outlet temperature of the refrigerant of the internal heat exchanger for heating the product storage chamber is constant, and the high pressure side of the refrigerant cycle is The throttle amount of the first pressure reducing means is controlled so as to be in a supercritical state, and the evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchanger for cooling the product storage chamber is controlled to be a desired temperature. Vending machine. The control means controls the air volume or the number of rotations of the internal fan that blows air to the internal heat exchanger so that the evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchanger that cools the commodity storage chamber becomes a desired temperature. The vending machine according to claim 1. A second pressure reducing means is provided in the refrigerant flow path, and the second pressure reducing means is arranged in series downstream of the first pressure reducing means,
3. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls a throttle amount of the second decompression unit so that an evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchanger that cools the commodity storage chamber becomes a desired temperature. The vending machine described.