JP2015165081A - Crushing device and crushing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance efficiency of crushing operation performed by a wedge type chisel by restraining the wedge type chisel from being engaged in a drilled hole.SOLUTION: A crushing device includes a main body part held by a work machine, a vibration part vibrated in a vibration direction parallel to a direction in which a drilled hole is formed on a crushed object side of the main body part, a supporting part for supporting the vibration part with respect to the main body part to be freely vibrated in the vibration direction, and a chisel holding part attached to the vibration part and holding a rear end of a wedge type chisel. The crushed object is crushed by pushing a distal end of the wedge type chisel by pressing force imparted from its own weight or the work machine while imparting the vibration in the vibration direction generated in the vibration part to the wedge type chisel while holding the rear end of the wedge type chisel in the chisel holding part in a state that the distal end of the wedge type chisel is inserted in the drilled hole.

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing technique for crushing the periphery of a drilled hole formed in a crushing object such as a rock mass, a rock, a concrete structure, or the like with a tip portion of a wedge-shaped chisel.

  Conventionally, for crushing objects to be crushed, such as bedrock, rocks, concrete structures, etc., a crusher such as a hydraulic breaker is attached to the arm of a work machine such as a backhoe, and the tip of the chisel formed at an acute angle is covered. The chisel is advanced in the direction of the object to be crushed by contacting the surface of the crushed object and striking the rear end of the chisel with a reciprocating piston. At this time, a compression stress wave that travels in the direction of the object to be crushed is generated by striking the piston, which reaches the object to be crushed and crushes the object to be crushed. This crushing technique has the following problems because crushing of a rock mass or the like is performed using a compressive stress wave as described above. First of all, a loud percussion sound is generated when the object to be crushed is crushed, and the percussion sound may cause an environmental problem of noise particularly at a site close to a residential area.

  In addition, the rock mass has extremely high proof stress against compressive stress, and the conventional technology using the stress wave of compression cannot easily crush the rock mass or rock with high hardness. The amount that can be crushed and removed is only about 41 cubic meters per day. As described above, there is an inefficient aspect in terms of energy and workability, and there is room for improvement.

  Therefore, the applicant of the present application has proposed a crushing technique using a wedge-shaped chisel having a tapered shape as a technique for efficiently crushing an object to be crushed over a wide range (Patent Documents 1 to 4). In the inventions described in these Patent Documents 1 to 4, a hole is formed in the object to be crushed, and the tip of a wedge-shaped chisel configured as follows is pushed into the hole, and the periphery of the hole is crushed. To do. The wedge-type chisel has a first outer diameter whose tip end surface is smaller than the inner diameter of the drilling hole, and the outer diameter increases as it advances from the tip end surface to the rear end, and a second outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the drilling hole. And has an inclined surface. And if the front-end | tip of a wedge type chisel is inserted in the inside of a drilling hole, an inclined surface will contact | abut to the inner wall of a drilling hole. When the rear end of the chisel is struck by the piston that reciprocates in the contact state, tensile stress acts on the object to be crushed around the hole in a direction substantially perpendicular to the reciprocating direction of the piston from the hole. The periphery of the drilling hole is crushed. According to the technique proposed by the applicant of the present application, it is possible to perform construction in consideration of the environment around the site by greatly reducing the impact sound. Moreover, the amount that can be crushed per unit time reaches, for example, about 181 cubic meters per day, and it is possible to crush large-capacity objects in a short time.

Japanese Patent No. 4636294 Japanese Patent No. 5145503 Japanese Patent No. 5145504 Japanese Patent No. 5352807

  By the way, in the conventional crushing technique, a crushing operation is performed with a wedge-type chisel by striking the rear end of the chisel with a piston in a state where the front end portion of the wedge-type chisel is inserted into the drilling hole. Since only the pushing force is applied to the wedge-shaped chisel in this way, the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel sometimes bites into the inner wall of the drilling hole. When such a biting phenomenon occurs, it is difficult to easily remove the wedge-type chisel from the hole, and there is a problem that the wedge-type chisel breaks during the extraction operation. Therefore, when the biting phenomenon occurs, the crushing operation by the wedge type chisel is interrupted, and the crushing operation is carried out after collecting the wedge type chisel by digging up the periphery of the drilled hole by the conventionally known hydraulic breaker or the like. There was a need to continue. When the wedge-shaped chisel bites in this way, the work efficiency is greatly reduced, and the construction cost is increased.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to suppress the wedge-type chisel from biting into the hole and increase the efficiency of the crushing work by the wedge-type chisel.

  A first aspect of the present invention is a crushing device that crushes the periphery of a drilling hole formed in a crushing object among crushing objects such as rocks, rocks, and concrete structures at the tip of a wedge-shaped chisel. The main body held by the machine, the vibration part that vibrates in the vibration direction parallel to the direction in which the hole is formed on the object to be crushed, and the vibration part can freely vibrate in the vibration direction relative to the main body part A support portion for supporting, and a chisel holding portion that is attached to the vibration portion and holds the rear end portion of the wedge-type chisel, and the rear end portion of the wedge-type chisel with the front end portion of the wedge-type chisel inserted into the drilling hole Crushing the object to be crushed by pushing the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel by its own weight or the pressing force applied from the work machine while applying the vibration in the vibration direction generated by the vibrating portion while holding the chisel holding portion to the wedge-shaped chisel It is characterized by.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a crushing method in which a wedge shape is formed in a vibration direction parallel to a direction in which a hole is formed with respect to a hole formed in an object to be crushed, such as a rock, a rock, or a concrete structure. It is characterized in that the object to be crushed is crushed by pushing the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel while vibrating the chisel.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, an object to be crushed, such as a rock, a rock, or a concrete structure, in which the first hole and the second hole are formed adjacent to each other is used. A crushing method for crushing, in which a first step of gripping a rear end portion of a first wedge-type chisel by a gripping claw of a crushing device, and a vibration portion with respect to a first wedge-type chisel gripped by a gripping claw A second step of pushing the tip of the first wedge-shaped chisel into the first drilling hole by a self-weight of the crushing device or a pressing force applied from the work machine while applying vibration in the direction of vibration generated; After releasing the grip of the rear end portion of the wedge-shaped chisel, a third step of gripping the rear end portion of the second wedge-shaped chisel different from the first chisel by the gripping claws, and the gripping claws While crushing the second wedge-shaped chisel while applying vibration in the vibration direction generated by the vibration part The fourth step of pushing the tip of the second wedge-type chisel into the second drilling hole by the self-weight or the pressing force applied from the work machine, and the gripping of the rear end of the second wedge-type chisel by the gripping claw is released. After that, the fifth step of gripping the rear end portion of the first wedge-type chisel with the gripping claws in the state where the tip portion is pushed into the first drilling hole, and the first wedge gripped by the gripping claws The tip of the first wedge-type chisel is further pushed in by the weight of the crushing device or the pressing force given from the work machine while giving vibration in the vibration direction generated by the vibration portion to the die chisel. And a sixth step of crushing.

  In the invention thus configured, the tip of the wedge-type chisel is applied by the weight of the crushing device or the pressing force applied from the work machine in a state where the tip of the wedge-type chisel is inserted into the drilling hole formed in the object to be crushed. Is pushed in to crush the material to be crushed. During the crushing operation, vibration in the vibration direction generated in the vibration part is applied to the wedge-type chisel, so that the wedge-type chisel is prevented from biting into the inner wall of the drilling hole.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the wedge-type chisel is vibrated in a direction parallel to the direction in which the hole is formed because the wedge-type chisel with the tip inserted into the hole formed in the object to be crushed is vibrated. It is possible to effectively suppress the biting into the hole and efficiently perform the crushing operation with the wedge-shaped chisel.

It is a figure which shows the crushing system which crushes a rock mass using 1st Embodiment of the crushing apparatus concerning this invention. It is a figure which shows 1st Embodiment of the crushing apparatus concerning this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the crushing method which crushes a rock mass with the crushing system of FIG. It is a figure which shows the crushing system which crushes a rock mass using 2nd Embodiment of the crushing apparatus concerning this invention. It is a figure which shows the crushing system which crushes a rock mass using 3rd Embodiment of the crushing apparatus concerning this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the crushing method which crushes a rock mass with the crushing system of FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the wedge-shaped chisel used in 4th Embodiment of the crushing apparatus concerning this invention. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the crushing method which crushes a rock mass using the wedge-shaped chisel of FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the effect of the wedge-shaped chisel of FIG. It is a figure which shows the other of the wedge-shaped chisel used in 4th Embodiment of the crushing apparatus concerning this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the other example of the crushing method which crushes a rock mass using the wedge-shaped chisel of FIG.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a crushing system for crushing a rock mass using a crushing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, XYZ coordinate axes are set as shown in FIG. 1 for later explanation. Here, the formation direction of the drilling hole is “+ X”, the direction from the drilling hole to the free surface of the rock is “+ Y” among the directions orthogonal to the drilling formation direction (+ X), and is orthogonal to the direction X and the direction Y. The direction to perform is “Z”.

  This crushing system is formed around a drilled hole 5 formed in advance in the (+ X) direction with respect to the rock mass 4 using a crane vehicle 1, which is an example of a work machine, a crushing device 2, and a wedge-shaped chisel 3. Among them, the free surface side (the right hand side in the figure) is crushed. As shown in the figure, the crane vehicle 1 is parked at a position adjacent to the site where the hole 5 is formed, and the arm 11 extends from the position toward the space above the hole 5. And the wire 12 hangs down from the front-end | tip of the arm 11, and the crushing apparatus 2 is attached to the front-end | tip.

  FIG. 2 is a view showing an embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention. The crushing device 2 is roughly divided into a main body portion 21 held by the crane vehicle 1 by a wire 12 and a vibration portion that vibrates in a vibration direction X parallel to the formation direction of the drilling holes 5 on the rock mass 4 side of the main body portion 21. 22, four support portions 23 that support the vibration portion 22 in a vibration direction X with respect to the main body portion 21, and a chisel that is attached to the vibration portion 22 and holds the rear end portion 31 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3. Holding part 24.

  In this embodiment, since the structure which suspends the crushing apparatus 2 with the wire 12 is employ | adopted, the main-body part 21 secures the reaction force with respect to the vibration which generate | occur | produces in the vibration part 22, and uses the wedge-shaped chisel 3 as mentioned later. In order to push into the drilling hole 5, it is composed of a relatively heavy object. Further, a hanger 211 that can be engaged with a hook (not shown) attached to the tip of the wire 12 is attached to the center of the upper surface of the main body 21, and the crushing device 2 is suspended by hanging the hook on the hanger 211. Is held in a suspended state.

  On the lower side of the main body 21, a vibrating part 22 and a support part 23 are arranged. More specifically, support portions 23 are attached to the four corners of the lower surface of the main body portion 21. The vibration unit 22 is disposed in a space surrounded by the four support units 23, and is supported by the main body unit 21 by the support unit 23 so as to freely vibrate in the X direction.

  The vibration unit 22 is fixed to the upper surface of the main body case 221, the pair of eccentric weights 222 and 222 disposed inside the main body case 221, and rotates the eccentric weights 222 and 222 in different directions. And a hydraulic motor 223 that can be operated. In the vibration unit 22, a hydraulic motor 223 is connected to a hydraulic power source of the crane 1 via a hydraulic hose (not shown), and is rotated by receiving a hydraulic pressure supply from the hydraulic source. Then, the eccentric weights 222 and 222 are rotated in different directions by the hydraulic motor 223, and the entire vibration unit 22 vibrates in the X direction. In this embodiment, a hydraulic motor is used as a rotational drive source for the eccentric weights 222 and 222. However, a pneumatic motor or an electric motor may be used as the drive source.

  The cylindrical frame 231 of the support portion 23 is attached to each of the four side surfaces of the main body case 221 of the vibration portion 22 that vibrates in this way. Each cylindrical frame 231 is movable in the X direction along a guide shaft 232 extending downward from the main body 21. A spring 233 is loosely fitted to each guide shaft 232. When the cylindrical frame 231 vibrates up and down with the vibration of the vibrating portion 22, each spring 233 expands and contracts in the length direction X, so that the cylindrical frame 231 approaches and separates from the main body portion 21. The vibration to be transmitted from the cylindrical frame 231 to the main body 21 is attenuated.

  A chisel holding portion 24 is attached to the center of the lower surface of the main body case 221 of the vibration portion 22 as shown in FIG. The chisel holding portion 24 includes a gripping frame 241 fixed to the main body case 221, four gripping claws 242 that are supported by the gripping frame 241 and can move relatively close to each other, and in a horizontal plane perpendicular to the X direction. And a claw drive mechanism (not shown) for relatively moving the grip claw 242 closer to and away from each other. This claw driving mechanism is connected to a hydraulic power source of the crane 1 via a hydraulic hose (not shown), and controls the opening and closing of the gripping claw 242 by supplying hydraulic pressure from the hydraulic power source. In this embodiment, the rear end portion 31 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is finished in a quadrangular prism shape corresponding to the structure of the chisel holding portion 24. When the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is attached to the crushing device 2, the four gripping claws 242 are separated from each other as shown by the solid line in FIG. 2B, and the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is interposed between the gripping claws 242. The rear end portion 31 is inserted. Subsequently, the four gripping claws 242 are brought close to each other by the claw driving mechanism to grip the rear end portion 31 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3. As a result, the central axis of the vibration part 22 and the axis of the wedge-type chisel 3 can be easily matched, and the vibration of the vibration part 22 can be transmitted to the wedge-type chisel 3 efficiently and stably. . On the other hand, when the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is removed from the crushing device 2, the four gripping claws 242 are separated from each other by the claw driving mechanism. In the present embodiment, the gripping claws 242 are operated by a hydraulic mechanism, but it goes without saying that the gripping claws 242 may be operated using electricity as a drive source. In this embodiment, the gripping claw 242 is used to grip and release the rear end portion 31 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3, but the number of gripping claws 242 is not limited to this, and the wedges are not limited to this. The shape of the rear end portion 31 of the mold chisel 3 may be adapted.

  Next, the operation | movement which crushes the rock mass 4 with the crushing system comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated. Here, a wedge-shaped chisel 3 configured as shown in FIG. 1 is used. The wedge-shaped chisel 3 has a structure similar to that used in the crushing method described in Patent Document 1. That is, the wedge-shaped chisel 3 has a shaft body structure having an axis parallel to the forming direction (+ X) of the drilling hole 5, and the rear end portion 31 is formed on the chisel holding portion 24 of the crushing device 2 as described above. It is finished in a shape that can be mounted, that is, a quadrangular prism. On the other hand, the distal end portion 32 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3 has a so-called tapered shape in which the outer diameter decreases as it advances toward the distal end side (+ X) direction. Further, on the side surface of the tip portion 32, two notches are formed along the axis so as to be symmetric with respect to the axis, and the inclined surface is separated into two contact surfaces 33 and 34 (FIG. 3). Yes. As described above, the two contact surfaces 33 and 34 are provided on the inclined surface of the wedge-shaped chisel 3 substantially symmetrically with respect to the axis.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a crushing method for crushing the rock mass with the crushing system of FIG. When the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is inserted into the hole 5, the contact surfaces 33 and 34 are respectively locked to the inner wall of the hole 5 as shown in FIG. Then, by operating the hydraulic motor 223 of the crushing device 2, the vibrating unit 22 is vibrated in a direction X parallel to the hole forming direction (+ X) while the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is held by the chisel holding unit 24. As a result, a force for pushing in the hole forming direction (+ X) and a force for pulling out from the hole 5 are alternately applied to the wedge-shaped chisel 3. At this time, the pushing force acts on the wedge-shaped chisel 3 so that the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is pushed into the hole 5. At this time, a tensile stress acts on the inner wall of the hole 5 in the Y direction from the hole 5 to generate a crack. In addition, a pulling force is applied immediately after the pushing force is applied, and the front end portion 32 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is prevented from biting into the inner wall of the hole 5. During this vibration operation, the reaction force against the vibration generated by the vibration part 22 is received by the main body part 21 and can be stably crushed.

  Further, when the wire 12 is gradually sent out from the crane 1 while repeating such vibration operation, the crushing device 2 is vibrated while vibrating the wedge-shaped chisel 3 in the X direction as described above, as shown in FIG. The wedge-shaped chisel 3 is pushed in the hole forming direction (+ X) by its own weight, and tensile stress acts on the inner wall of the hole 5 in the Y direction from the hole 5 as indicated by the white arrow in the figure. Will occur. At this time, since the wedge-shaped chisel 3 vibrates in the X direction, the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is effectively prevented from biting into the inner wall of the hole 5. Then, when the pushing amount reaches a certain value as the wire 12 is further fed, as shown in FIG. 3C, the crack K further extends in the Z direction and from the drill hole 5 to the free surface 41 inside the rock 4. As a result, the crushing part 42 is separated from the rock mass 4 in a block shape and is easily crushed and removed from the rock mass 4 and can be easily removed using a heavy machine such as a ripper (Ripper). It has become. By repeating such processing, the region to be crushed on the free surface 41 side can be crushed up to the deep part of the bedrock 4. When the desired crushing process is completed, the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is pulled out from the hole 5 by winding the wire 12 while continuing the repetition of the vibration operation.

  In this way, the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is used to apply the tensile stress in the Y direction from the drilling hole 5 to the rock mass 4 to split the rock, and the periphery of the drilling hole 5 is crushed. It can be crushed automatically. In addition, the wedge-type chisel 3 is vibrated in a direction X parallel to the drilling formation direction (+ X) with the tip 32 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3 inserted into the drilling hole 5, and a pushing operation and a pulling operation are alternately applied. Therefore, the periphery of the hole 5 can be efficiently crushed by pushing the wedge-shaped chisel 3 into the hole 5 while suppressing the wedge-shaped chisel 3 from biting into the hole 5. Further, since the wedge-type chisel 3 is pulled out from the hole 5 while the vibration operation is repeated, the wedge-type chisel 3 is restrained from biting into the hole 5, and the wedge-type chisel 3 is favorably removed from the hole 5. Can be pulled out.

  FIG. 4: is a figure which shows the crushing system which crushes a rock mass using 2nd Embodiment of the crushing apparatus concerning this invention. This crushing system is different from that shown in FIG. 1 in that a backhoe 6 is used as a work machine and a soundproof cover 7 is additionally mounted. Other configurations are basically shown in FIG. It is the same as the crushing system. Therefore, in the following description, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the same structure and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the crushing system shown in FIG. 4, the main body 21 of the crushing device 2 is attached to the arm 61 of the backhoe 6 via a bracket 62. For this reason, the operation of inserting the tip 32 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3 into the hole 5 is performed by operating the arm 61 of the backhoe 6. Then, the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is vibrated in the direction X by operating the hydraulic motor 223 of the crushing device 2. As a result, the crushing process around the hole 5 is started while preventing the tip 32 of the wedge chisel 3 from biting into the inner wall of the hole 5. Further, by moving the crushing device 2 in the (+ X) direction by operating the arm 61 of the backhoe 6, a pressing force in the (+ X) direction is applied to the crushing device 2. Thereby, like the crushing system described above, the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is pushed in the hole forming direction (+ X) while vibrating, and the crushing process proceeds. Further, when the wedge-type chisel 3 is pulled out from the hole 5 by operating the arm 61 of the backhoe 6 while the wedge-type chisel 3 is vibrated in the direction X, the wedge-type chisel 3 can be pulled out more smoothly.

  By the way, in the said 1st Embodiment and 2nd Embodiment, although the crushing process is performed using the wedge type chisel 3 which has the two contact surfaces 33 and 34, the structure of the wedge type chisel 3 is limited to this. However, the present invention can be applied to all crushing techniques for crushing the periphery of the hole 5 using the wedge-type chisel described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 and the conventional wedge-type chisel. Other than the wedge-shaped chisel described in Patent Documents 1 to 4, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, a wedge-shaped chisel 3A (hereinafter referred to as “Ikari Chisel”) whose tip is finished in an icari shape or an arrowhead shape is used. The present invention can be applied to a crushing technique for crushing the periphery of the hole 5.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a crushing system for crushing a rock mass using a crushing device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. This crushing system is different from that shown in FIG. 4 in that Ikarichisel 3A is used as a wedge-shaped chisel, and the other configurations are the same. Therefore, in the following description, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the same structure and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In this Ikarichisel 3A, the rear end portion 31 and the front end portion 32 are finished in the same shape as the wedge-shaped chisel 3 in FIG. 1, whereas the central portion 35 is thinner than the central portion of the wedge-shaped chisel 3 in FIG. It is finished in a cylindrical shape. For this reason, a step is formed at the boundary portion 36 between the tip portion 32 and the central portion 35, and thereby, a specific effect is exhibited when the Ikarichisel 3 </ b> A is pulled out from the drilling hole 5.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a crushing method for crushing the rock mass with the crushing system of FIG. After inserting the tip of the Ikarichisel 3A into the drilling hole 5, the hydraulic motor 223 of the crushing device 2 is operated, so that the vibrating section 22 is parallel to the drilling formation direction (+ X) while holding the Ikarichisel 3A by the chisel holding section 24. Vibrate in a direction X (FIG. 6A). Thus, the crushing process around the hole 5 is started while preventing the tip 32 of the Ikarichisel 3A from biting into the inner wall of the hole 5. Further, by operating the arm 61 of the backhoe 6, the crushing device 2 is moved in the (+ X) direction, and the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is pushed in while vibrating in the hole forming direction (+ X), thereby proceeding with the crushing process. As a result, as in the crushing system of FIG. 1, cracks are generated in the Z direction from the drilling hole 5 and cracks from the drilling hole 5 toward the free surface 41 in the rock mass 4 as shown in FIG. 6B. Enters and is divided into rocks. As a result, the crushing portion 42 is separated from the rock mass 4 in a block shape.

  When the desired crushing process is completed, the boundary portion 36 is engaged with the inner wall of the hole 5 as shown in FIG. Then, the Ikari Chisel 3A is pulled out from the hole 5 by the operation of the arm 61 of the backhoe 6 while the repetition of the vibration operation is continued in this engaged state. At this time, as shown in FIG. 6 (c), a compressive force acts from the position where the boundary portion 36 is engaged toward the surface of the rock mass 4, and a new area around the hole 5 including the crushing portion 42 is obtained. Cracks occur. Therefore, crushing of the crushing part 42 becomes easier. Moreover, crushing on the opposite side of the free surface 41 with respect to the drilling hole 5 is facilitated, and the efficiency of crushing work can be increased.

  Further, in the crushing device 2, if the axial direction of the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is inclined at a certain angle, for example, about 5 ° or more with respect to the vibration direction generated by the vibration unit 22, a great load is applied to the crushing device 2. The device 2 may break down. Therefore, when the crushing process is performed using the crushing device 2, a scanning surface that extends in the axial direction and a contact surface that is inclined with respect to the axial direction and contacts the inner wall of the hole 5 as described below. It is preferable to use a wedge-shaped chisel 3 having the same. Hereinafter, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 7 is a view showing an example of a wedge-type chisel used in the fourth embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention. A perspective view of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B is shown on the left hand side of the figure, while a cross-sectional shape at each of the parts P1 to P4 in the axial direction is shown on the right hand side. As shown in FIG. 7, the wedge-shaped chisel 3B used in the fourth embodiment has a slab-like shaft body structure having an axis AX parallel to the forming direction (+ X) of the drilling hole 5. The end 31 can be gripped by the chisel holder 24 of the crushing device 2. The cross-sectional shape at the rear end portion 31, that is, the cross-sectional shape at the position P <b> 1 is a rectangular shape. In the following, the long side direction is referred to as “L direction” and the short side direction is referred to as “S direction”. The configuration and operation of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B will be described.

At the distal end portion 32 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B, the side portion on the (−L) direction side of the slab shaft is partially removed, while the side portion on the (+ L) direction side remains as it is. That is, the side surface 37 on the (+ L) direction side of the front end portion 32 has a planar shape continuously extending from the rear end portion 31 in the X direction and functions as a copying surface as described later, while on the (−L) direction side. The side surface 38 is an inclined surface. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 7, the wedge-shaped chisel 3B has the same thickness (size in the S direction), but has a tapered shape on the LX plane. More specifically, the positions P2 and P3 of the tip end portion 32 have an L direction dimension larger than the inner diameter of the drilling hole 5, while the most distal position P4 has an L direction dimension smaller than the inner diameter of the drilling hole 5. A side surface on the (+ L) direction side of the tip portion 32 is a contact surface 38. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the inclination angle 381 on the front end side and the inclination portion 382 on the rear end side of the contact surface 38 are different in inclination angle with respect to the axis AX. That is, the inclination angle θ1 of the inclined portion 381 and the inclination angle θ2 of the inclined portion 382 are:
θ1 <θ2
It has become. In the present embodiment, in order to smoothly insert the tip portion 32 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B into the drilling hole 5, the corner portion of the tip portion 32 is notched and the cross section of the tip portion 32 is finished in an octagonal shape. However, the cross-sectional shape of the tip end portion 32 is not limited to this, and for example, a shape similar to an athletics track having an arc along the inner wall of the drilling hole 5 as shown in parentheses in FIG. You may finish it.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a crushing method for crushing the rock mass using the wedge-shaped chisel of FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the operational effects of the wedge-shaped chisel shown in FIG. After the rear end portion 31 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B configured as described above is gripped by the chisel holding portion 24 of the crushing device 2 attached to the arm 61 of the backhoe 6, the backhoe 6 is operated to operate the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B. When the portion 32 is inserted into the hole 5, the inclined portion 381 of the abutting surface 38 is locked to the inner wall of the hole 5 as shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. It contacts the inner wall of the drilling hole 5 in parallel. In this state, the crushing process is started by operating the hydraulic motor 223 of the crushing device 2, and the backhoe 6 is further operated to move the crushing device 2 in the (+ X) direction by the arm 61. As a result, a pressing force in the (+ X) direction is applied to the crushing device 2, and the wedge-shaped chisel 3B is pushed in the hole forming direction (+ X), and the crushing process proceeds. At this time, in the wedge-shaped chisel 3B, the contact surface 38 engages with the inner wall of the drilling hole 5 and the copying surface 37 contacts the inner wall of the drilling hole 5 while following the extending direction X of the inner wall. It is pushed in the forming direction (+ X). For this reason, a smooth crushing process can be performed as compared with the first embodiment and the second embodiment. The reason will be described with reference to FIG.

  Each of the wedge-type chisel described in Patent Documents 1 to 4, the wedge-type chisel used conventionally, the wedge-type chisel 3 shown in FIG. 1, and the Ikari-chisel 3A shown in FIG. 5 each have a plurality of inclined surfaces. . Therefore, as described above, when the tip 32 of the wedge-shaped chisel 3, 3A is pushed into the drilling hole 5 by the pressing force applied from the weight of the crushing device 2 or a work machine such as the backhoe 6, for example, as shown in FIG. As shown, the wedge-shaped chisel 3B is tilted so that only one contact surface is in contact with the inner wall of the hole 5. At this time, if the inclination angle increases, stress may act on the crushing device 2 in a direction different from the vibration direction X, and the crushing device 2 may break down. On the other hand, in the fourth embodiment, the leading end portion of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B is pushed into the hole 5 while the copying surface 37 follows the inner wall of the hole 5. For this reason, the direction of the stress acting on the crushing device 2 coincides with the vibration direction X, and the failure of the crushing device 2 is prevented.

  The operation of pulling out the wedge-shaped chisel 3 from the hole 5 is also performed by operating the arm 61 of the backhoe 6 while the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is vibrated in the direction X while the copying surface 37 follows the inner wall of the hole 5. As a result, the wedge-shaped chisel 3 is smoothly pulled out.

  In the fourth embodiment, the two inclined portions 381 and 382 are provided on the contact surface 38, but the number of inclined portions is not limited to this, and is arbitrary, for example, as shown in FIG. The contact surface 38 may be configured by only one inclined portion 383. Further, three or more inclined portions may be provided or the curved surface shape may be finished so that the inclination angle with respect to the axis line AX increases as it advances toward the rear end side.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications other than those described above can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, the eccentric weights 222 and 222 are rotated to generate the vibration in the X direction. However, the vibration generation method is not limited to this, for example, the hydraulic piston is operated in the X direction. It is also possible to use a system that generates vibrations.

  The crushing device 2 described above is relatively large and is held by a work machine for crushing processing. By downsizing the crushing device, an operator holds the main body of the crushing device and performs crushing processing. You may comprise so that it may perform.

  The presence or absence of the soundproof cover 7 is also arbitrary. For example, the soundproof cover 7 may be mounted in the crushing system shown in FIG. 1, or the soundproof cover 7 may be omitted in the crushing system shown in FIGS. Good.

  Moreover, in 2nd Embodiment and 3rd Embodiment, although the crushing apparatus 2 is directly connected to the arm 61 of the backhoe 6, you may connect via a universal joint. In this case, even if the pushing direction and the drawing direction by the arm 61 are slightly deviated from the forming direction X of the hole 5, the crushing device 2 can be moved in the X direction by being absorbed by the universal joint.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although this invention was applied with respect to the crushing method which crushes the circumference | surroundings of the one hole 5, the application range of this invention is not limited to this, For example, it describes in patent document 2 As described above, the present invention may be applied to a crushing method in which a plurality of holes are formed in advance and the periphery of the holes is continuously crushed. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, a plurality of holes 5a to 5c may be formed in a row and the following steps may be performed in order.

(1) Introducing cracks around the hole 5a After the rear end of the wedge-type chisel 3B1 is gripped by the gripping claws 242 of the crushing device 2, the weight of the crushing device 2 is applied to the wedge-type chisel 3B1 while vibrating. Alternatively, the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B1 is pushed into the hole 5a by the pressing force applied from the backhoe 6. As a result, a crack is introduced around the hole 5a.

(2) Crack introduction around the hole 5b After the gripping claw 242 has released the rear end of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B1, the gripping claw 242 grips the rear end of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B2, While applying vibration to the wedge-shaped chisel 3B2, the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B2 is pushed into the drilling hole 5b by the weight of the crushing device 2 or the pressing force applied from the backhoe 6, thereby introducing a crack around the drilling hole 5b. A part thereof spreads to the side of the hole 5a and is connected to a crack around the hole 5a.

(3) Crack introduction around the hole 5c After the gripping claw 242 releases the rear end of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B2, the gripping claw 242 grips the rear end of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B3. While applying vibration to the wedge-shaped chisel 3B3, the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B3 is pushed into the drilling hole 5c by the weight of the crushing device 2 or the pressing force applied from the backhoe 6, thereby introducing a crack around the drilling hole 5c. A part thereof spreads to the side of the hole 5b and is connected to a crack around the hole 5b.

(4) Separation from the rock mass 4 around the drilling hole 5a After the gripping claw 242 releases the rear end of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B3, the gripping claw 242 grips the rear end of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B1 Thus, while applying vibration to the wedge-shaped chisel 3B1, the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B1 is further pushed into the hole 5a by the weight of the crushing device 2 or the pressing force applied from the backhoe 6. As a result, the crushing portion 42 on the free surface side of the hole 5a is separated from the rock 4 in a block shape.

(5) Separation from the rock mass 4 around the drilling hole 5b After gripping the rear end portion of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B1 by the gripping claws 242 and then gripping the rear end portion of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B2 by the gripping claws 242 Then, while applying vibration to the wedge-shaped chisel 3B2, the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B2 is further pushed into the hole 5b by the weight of the crushing device or the pressing force applied from the backhoe 6. As a result, the crushing part on the free surface side of the drilling hole 5b is separated from the rock mass 4 in a block shape.

(6) Separation from the rock mass 4 around the hole 5c After gripping the rear end of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B2 by the gripping claws 242 and after gripping the rear end of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B3 by the gripping claws 242 Thus, while applying vibration to the wedge-shaped chisel 3B3, the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel 3B3 is further pushed into the hole 5c by the weight of the crushing device or the pressing force applied from the backhoe 6. As a result, the crushing part on the free surface side of the hole 5c is separated from the rock 4 in a block shape.

  Thus, the circumference | surroundings of each hole 5a-5c are crushed continuously, and to-be-crushed objects, such as a rock mass, can be crushed efficiently over a wide range.

  The present invention can be applied to all crushing techniques for crushing the periphery of a hole formed in a crushing object among crushing objects such as bedrock, rocks, and concrete structures at the tip of a wedge-shaped chisel.

1 ... Crane truck (work machine)
2 ... Crushing device 3, 3A, 3B ... Wedge type chisel 4 ... Rock mass (object to be crushed)
5. Drilling 6 ... Backhoe (work machine)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 ... Main-body part 22 ... Vibrating part 23 ... Supporting part 24 ... Chisel holding part 31 ... Rear end part (of wedge type chisel) 32 ... Tip part (of wedge type chisel) 242 ... Holding claw X ... Drilling hole formation direction, vibration direction

Claims (5)

A crushing device that crushes the periphery of a hole formed in the crushing object among crushing objects such as rock, rock, and concrete structures at the tip of a wedge-shaped chisel,
A main body held by a work machine;
A vibration part that vibrates in a vibration direction parallel to a direction in which the hole is formed on the object side of the main body part;
A support part for supporting the vibration part in the vibration direction so as to freely vibrate with respect to the body part;
A chisel holding portion that is attached to the vibrating portion and holds a rear end portion of the wedge-shaped chisel,
The wedge-shaped chisel is subjected to vibration in the vibration direction generated in the vibrating portion while the rear end portion of the wedge-shaped chisel is held by the chisel holding portion with the front end portion of the wedge-shaped chisel inserted into the drilling hole. A crushing apparatus for crushing the object to be crushed by pushing the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel with its own weight or a pressing force applied from the work machine while applying. The crushing device according to claim 1,
The chisel holding portion includes a gripping claw that can move toward and away from the rear end portion of the wedge-shaped chisel, and the gripping claw that grips and releases the rear end portion of the wedge-shaped chisel by the gripping claw. A crushing device having a claw driving mechanism for switching.   For the drilling hole formed in the object to be crushed, such as bedrock, rock, concrete structure, etc., the tip of the wedge-shaped chisel is moved while vibrating the wedge-shaped chisel in a vibration direction parallel to the direction in which the drilling hole is formed. A crushing method comprising crushing the object to be crushed by pressing. The crushing method according to claim 3,
A crushing method in which the wedge-shaped chisel is pulled out from the drilling hole while the wedge-shaped chisel is vibrated. A crushing method for crushing an object to be crushed, such as a rock, a rock, and a concrete structure formed adjacent to each other, using the crushing device according to claim 2,
A first step of gripping a rear end portion of a first wedge-shaped chisel by the gripping claws of the crushing device;
While applying the vibration in the vibration direction generated by the vibration unit to the first wedge-shaped chisel gripped by the gripping claws, by the weight of the crushing apparatus or the pressing force applied to the crushing apparatus from the work machine A second step of pushing the tip of the first wedge-shaped chisel into the first drilling hole;
After releasing the grip of the rear end portion of the first wedge-type chisel by the gripping claws, the second end of the second wedge-type chisel different from the first chisel is gripped by the gripping claws. 3 steps,
While applying vibration in the vibration direction generated in the vibration portion to the second wedge-shaped chisel gripped by the gripping claws, by the weight of the crushing apparatus or a pressing force applied to the crushing apparatus from the work machine A fourth step of pushing the tip of the second wedge-shaped chisel into the second drilling hole;
The rear end of the first wedge-shaped chisel in a state in which the front end is pushed into the first hole after the gripping claw is released from the rear end of the second wedge-shaped chisel. A fifth step of gripping the part with the gripping claws;
While applying the vibration in the vibration direction generated by the vibration unit to the first wedge-shaped chisel gripped by the gripping claws, by the weight of the crushing apparatus or the pressing force applied to the crushing apparatus from the work machine A crushing method comprising: a sixth step of crushing the periphery of the first drilling hole by further pressing the tip of the first wedge-shaped chisel.

Images