JP2015161158A - drainage structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a drainage structure which can suppress a deterioration in water resistant layer, which can suppress submersion of a roof floor and the like even on the occurrence of a concentrated torrential rainfall, which hardly causes displacement even in strong winds, and which is excellent in sanitation and maintainability.SOLUTION: A drainage structure of the present invention includes a floor 20 which has a water resistant layer 21 and in which a drainage opening comprising at least one of a drain outlet H and a drain gutter is formed, and a porous ceramic plate-like material 10 with a communication hole, which is laid on the floor 20. The porous ceramic plate-like material 10 is arranged in a part, near the drainage opening, of the floor 20 in such a manner that an air space is not formed between itself and the floor 20.

Description

  The present invention relates to a drainage structure formed in a building such as a building.

Waterproofing layers using asphalt, mortar, etc. are provided on rooftops, verandas, balconies, etc. of concrete buildings such as buildings, and drainage grooves and drainage pipes are installed to prevent leakage of rainwater etc. Sometimes.
The waterproof layer has a problem that it deteriorates due to contact with water, direct sunlight, and volume expansion and contraction due to wetting and drying. When the waterproof layer deteriorates, rainwater may leak downstairs.

  In recent years, torrential rains, also called guerrilla heavy rains, often occur during the summer. When a heavy rain occurs, the existing drainage system cannot drain all the water, causing a puddle on the rooftop or veranda and flooding the rooftop or veranda. If the rooftop is submerged and the waterproof capacity of the waterproof layer is exceeded, water will enter the waterproof layer and the waterproof layer will be easily deteriorated and the risk of water leakage to the downstairs will increase.

When the waterproof layer provided on the rooftop or the like deteriorates, the waterproof layer may be repaired. In that case, the drainage grooves and drain pipes are often repaired at the same time. Since roof drains and drain pipes are often installed embedded in buildings, it is difficult to remove drain grooves and drain pipes during rooftop waterproofing layer repair work. Even if it can be removed, it takes time and effort to install a new drainage channel or drainage pipe in an existing building. Therefore, at present, the drainage pipe having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the existing drainage groove or drainage pipe is inserted into the existing drainage groove or drainage pipe to be repaired.
In such renovations, the drainage capacity of the rooftop, etc., declines, so if a heavy rain occurs, the rooftop becomes more easily flooded and the risk of water leaking downstairs is higher.
Therefore, in order to prevent the deterioration of the waterproof layer, it is known to install a ceramic plate material having open cells on the floor having the waterproof layer via a gap (Patent Document 1).

JP 2006-336428 A

However, when a ceramic plate material is installed between the floor and a gap, it is necessary to lay the entire surface of the rooftop or veranda. That is, the rain that has fallen on the rooftop or the part of the veranda where the ceramic plate material is not placed falls directly on the rooftop or veranda, and then passes through the gap under the ceramic plate material and immediately flows into the drain outlet. Therefore, there was a possibility that the drainage capacity would be exceeded.
Further, when a ceramic plate material is installed between the floor and a gap, the ceramic plate material may be turned up by a strong wind and may be displaced from a predetermined position.
Furthermore, if there is a gap between the floor and the ceramic plate material, when a person works on the ceramic plate material or a hard object is dropped on the ceramic plate material, an impact is applied to the ceramic plate material and it may break. In addition, birds and mouse nests are formed in the gaps, moss and grass grow, and trash accumulates, which may cause sanitary and maintenance problems.
From the above, in the present invention, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the waterproof layer, to suppress the flooding of the rooftop etc. even in the case of torrential rain, the position is difficult to shift even in strong winds, and excellent drainage with excellent hygiene and maintainability The purpose is to provide a structure.

The present invention has the following aspects.
[1] A floor having a waterproof layer and having an opening for drainage composed of at least one of a drainage port and a drainage groove, and a porous ceramic plate-like material having communication holes laid on the floor A drainage structure in which the porous ceramic plate-like object is arranged in the vicinity of the drainage opening of the floor so that no gap is formed between the floor and the floor.
[2] The drainage structure according to [1], wherein a saturation moisture content of the porous ceramic sheet is 20% or more.
[3] A plurality of flat holes parallel to the surface direction of the porous ceramic plate are formed inside the porous ceramic plate, and the flat holes are formed in the porous ceramic plate. The drainage structure according to [1] or [2], which is laid so as to be parallel to the surface of the floor.
[4] The drainage structure according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein a surface layer of the porous ceramic plate is ground.
[5] The drainage structure according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the porous ceramic plate-like object covers the drainage opening.

  The drainage structure of the present invention can suppress deterioration of the waterproof layer, can suppress flooding on the rooftop even in the case of torrential rain, is not easily displaced even in strong winds, and is excellent in hygiene and maintainability.

It is a top view which shows an example of the drainage structure of this invention, and is a figure of the example by which the porous ceramic plate-shaped object was laid in the vicinity of the drainage port without covering a drainage port. It is I-I 'sectional drawing of FIG. It is a top view which shows an example of the drainage structure of this invention, and is a figure of the example by which the porous ceramic plate-shaped object covered the drain outlet and was laid in the vicinity of the drain outlet. It is II-II 'sectional drawing of FIG. It is a top view which shows an example of the drainage structure of this invention, and is a figure of the example by which the porous ceramic plate was laid in the vicinity of the drain outlet formed in the vicinity of the corner of a wall. FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III ′ of FIG. 5. It is a top view which shows an example of the drainage structure of this invention, and is a figure of the example by which the porous ceramic plate-shaped object was laid in the vicinity of the drainage groove. It is IV-IV 'sectional drawing of FIG. It is an example which applied the drainage structure of this invention, and is sectional drawing which shows the drainage structure of the veranda in a multilayer house. It is another example which applied the drainage structure of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing the drainage structure of the veranda in the multi-layer house. It is another example which applied the drainage structure of this invention, and is a top view which shows the drainage structure of the veranda in a multilayer house.

The drainage structure of the present invention includes a floor and a porous ceramic plate-like material laid on the floor.
The floor in the present invention has a waterproof layer. The waterproof layer prevents water leakage into the building body below the waterproof layer. As a material for forming the waterproof layer, known materials such as asphalt, mortar, concrete, rubber, and synthetic resin can be used.
The building body on which the waterproof layer is formed includes a rooftop, a veranda, a balcony, and the like. The building body is not particularly limited, and examples include buildings (office buildings, commercial buildings), condominiums, and detached houses. In addition, the building body may be made of concrete, steel, wood, etc., but it is difficult to repair the drainage equipment of the concrete building, and the effect of the present invention is particularly exhibited.
The floor in the present invention may have other layers such as a concrete layer, a mortar layer, and a resin sheet formed on or below the waterproof layer.
When the floor in the present invention is outdoors, the rain falls when it rains. Even when the floor is indoors, the present invention can be applied when water flows through the floor.

Moreover, the drainage opening part which consists of at least one of a drain outlet and a drain groove is formed in the floor.
The drain port formed in the floor is the upper end of the drain pipe. It does not restrict | limit especially as a drain pipe, A metal pipe | tube, a plastic pipe | tube, a concrete pipe | tube etc. can be used.
Examples of the drainage groove include a groove whose upper portion is opened, such as a groove having a U-shaped cross section. The drainage groove may be covered with a lid. The material of the drainage groove is not particularly limited, and may be any of concrete, synthetic resin, metal and the like.

The porous ceramic plate-like material is porous and has water-capturing properties.
In the present invention, the porous ceramic plate is laid near the drainage opening on the floor. Here, “in the vicinity of the drainage opening” means a region within 100 cm from the edge of the drainage port or drainage groove. “The vicinity of the drainage opening” is preferably a region within 50 cm from the edge of the drainage port or drainage groove, more preferably a region within 10 cm.
As long as a porous ceramic plate is laid in the vicinity of the drain opening, the porous ceramic plate may be disposed so as to surround the drain opening, or on the floor, such as a wall. When a structure capable of blocking water is erected, the porous ceramic plate is disposed so that the structure and the porous ceramic plate surround the drainage opening. May be.
The porous ceramic plate may be laid on the entire surface of the floor or may be laid on a part of the floor. In terms of higher water absorption, it is preferable that a porous ceramic plate is laid on the entire floor.
Furthermore, the porous ceramic plate may or may not cover the drain opening.

In the drainage structure of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plurality of square porous ceramic plate-like objects 10 in plan view may be laid on the surface of the waterproof layer 21 of the floor 20. The porous ceramic plate 10 in the present example is laid in the vicinity of the drainage port H and is disposed so as to surround the drainage port H. In this example, the rain water that has fallen on the porous ceramic plate 10 flows through the inside of the porous ceramic plate 10 along the surface direction of the porous ceramic plate 10 and eventually reaches the drain H. Into the drain pipe C.
In the example of FIGS. 1 and 2, the porous ceramic plate 10 does not cover the drainage port H. When the porous ceramic plate 10 does not cover the drain outlet H, rainwater flows smoothly into the drain outlet H.

  In the example of FIGS. 1 and 2, a porous ceramic plate 10 having a hole having the same shape as the drainage port H is produced, and the holes of the porous ceramic plate 10 are overlapped with the drainage port H. The porous ceramic plate 10 may be disposed.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the porous ceramic plate 10 may be laid on the surface of the waterproof layer 21 so as to cover the drain port H and be disposed in the vicinity of the drain port H. When the porous ceramic plate-like object 10 covers the drainage port H, the water capturing ability can be further improved. Even if the porous ceramic plate 10 covers the drain port H, the rain water that has fallen on the porous ceramic plate 10 is moved into the porous ceramic plate 10 in the plane direction of the porous ceramic plate 10. It is possible to flow to the drain port H and flow into the drain pipe C.
In the example of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, since the water trapping is higher, it is preferable to dispose the porous ceramic plate 10 around the porous ceramic plate 10 covering the drainage port H.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, when the drainage port H is formed in the vicinity of the corners of the orthogonal walls 25, 25, the porous ceramic plate 10 is laid in the vicinity of the drainage port H. The porous ceramic plate may be arranged so that the walls 25 and 25 and the porous ceramic plate 10 surround the drainage port H. In this example, the porous ceramic plate 10 does not cover the drain port H.
Also in this example, rainwater passes through the inside of the porous ceramic plate 10, reaches the drainage port H, and flows into the drainage pipe C.
5 and 6, the drainage port H may be covered with the porous ceramic plate 10.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a drainage groove B is formed along the wall 25, and a drainage port H is formed in the vicinity of the bottom surface of the drainage groove B and the corners of the orthogonal walls 25 and 25. In this case, the porous ceramic plate 10 is laid near the drainage groove B on the surface of the waterproof layer 21. In this example, rainwater flows into the drainage groove B through the inside of the porous ceramic plate 10, flows through the drainage groove B, reaches the drainage port H, and flows into the drainage pipe C.
7 and 8, the drainage groove B may be covered with the porous ceramic plate 10, or the porous ceramic plate may be disposed inside the drainage groove B.

In the present invention, the porous ceramic plate 10 is laid so that no gap is formed between the porous ceramic plate 10 and the floor 20. That is, the porous ceramic plate-like object 10 is laid on the surface of the floor 20 without sandwiching a spacer or a frame. Note that the minute gap generated between the porous ceramic plate and the floor due to the minute unevenness of the floor surface and the unevenness of the connecting portion of the waterproof layer is not the gap in the present invention. In addition, when the drainage groove or the drainage port of the drainage pipe is covered with a porous ceramic plate, the gap formed between the bottom surface of the drainage groove and the drainage pipe and the porous ceramic plate is also in the present invention. It is not a void. In addition, when the drainage groove or drainage port is covered with a porous ceramic plate, it is formed between the slope or recess formed in the drainage groove or drainage port and its periphery and the porous ceramic plate. The void is not a void in the present invention.
The porous ceramic plate may be fixed to the floor surface with a fixing tool such as a bolt or a frame, or may be affixed with an adhesive or the like without departing from the object of the present invention. Further, the porous ceramic plate may be laid on the floor surface without using an adhesive or the like.

As described above, when the porous ceramic plate is laid in the vicinity of the drainage opening, even if a large amount of rain falls in a short time, rainwater will enter the pores of the porous ceramic plate. Can be kept. Therefore, a large amount of rainwater can be prevented from flowing into the drainage opening in a short time, and the inflow of rainwater into the drainage opening can be delayed, and flooding of the floor can be suppressed. In addition, since rainwater is included in the porous ceramic plate-like material, it is possible to prevent a large amount of rainwater from coming into contact with the waterproof layer, and to prevent deterioration of the waterproof layer due to rainwater.
Moreover, by laying the porous ceramic plate-like material on the floor surface, the waterproof layer can be prevented from being exposed to direct sunlight, and deterioration of the waterproof layer due to ultraviolet rays can be prevented. Moreover, even when the waterproof layer is embedded, the surface of the rooftop and the like is covered with the porous ceramic plate-like material, so that the temperature rise on the rooftop including the waterproof layer can be suppressed, and due to the expansion and contraction of the volume Deterioration of the waterproof layer can be suppressed.
Since the porous ceramic plate-like material may be laid on the floor surface, the operation is simple, and can be easily and inexpensively performed.
In addition, since no gap is formed between the porous ceramic plate and the floor, a person can work on the porous ceramic plate or drop a hard object to apply an impact. However, the porous ceramic plate is hard to break.
Further, since no gap is formed between the porous ceramic plate and the floor, it is possible to prevent the porous ceramic plate from being turned up by the wind even in a strong wind, and the position is not easily displaced.
In addition, since no gap is formed between the porous ceramic plate and the floor, no bird or mouse nest is formed between the porous ceramic plate and the floor. It is possible to suppress the growth and no trash is collected. Therefore, it is excellent in hygiene and maintenance.

As described above, when a porous ceramic plate is laid on the surface of the floor, if the laid total porous ceramic plate is regarded as an integral object, the outermost periphery of the integral object and the drain opening It is preferable to cover the side surfaces of the portions that are not close to each other with a water permeability rate equal to or slower than the water permeability rate in the thickness direction of the porous ceramic plate. If the side surface is covered with a porous ceramic plate that is equal to or slower than the thickness in the thickness direction of the porous ceramic plate, the property that water does not easily penetrate in the thickness direction of the porous ceramic plate, By utilizing the property that water does not easily permeate, it is possible to further increase the water catchment capacity of the rainwater in the porous ceramic plate. Therefore, since the water catching capacity in the whole drainage structure becomes higher, flooding of the floor can be further prevented.
A wall, a partition plate, a caulking material, etc. can be used as the thing whose water permeation rate is equal to or slower than the water permeation rate in the thickness direction of the porous ceramic plate. Further, when a flat hole is formed inside the porous ceramic plate as described later, the porous ceramic plate is so formed that its thickness direction is perpendicular to the side surface. By arranging, it can be used as a partition plate. In that case, you may cut | disconnect and use a porous ceramic plate-shaped object in arbitrary shapes as needed.
The partition plate may be made of synthetic resin, metal, concrete, or wood.
Further, depending on the arrangement of the partition plates, it is also possible to cause the partition plates to function as weir plates and to guide the flow of rainwater passing through the insides of the plurality of porous ceramic plate-like objects to the drainage openings. That is, a flow path such as a drainage groove can be formed inside the plurality of porous ceramic plates by installing the partition plate.

(Structure and properties of porous ceramic plate)
The porous ceramic plate in the present invention is a porous ceramic plate in which a continuous hole is formed.
Hereinafter, a preferred porous ceramic plate will be described, but the porous ceramic plate is not limited to the following.

The shape of the porous ceramic plate is not particularly limited as long as it is a plate, but is preferably a polygon such as a square, a rectangle, a triangle, a pentagon, and a hexagon in plan view. When it is a polygon, the sides of adjacent porous ceramic plate-like materials can be brought into contact with each other, and the side surfaces can be brought into close contact with each other. Moreover, as long as the cross-sections of adjacent porous ceramic sheets can be matched, the sides of the porous ceramic sheets may be uneven or corrugated.
The size of the porous ceramic plate-like material is not particularly limited, but in the case of a square shape in plan view, it is about 5 cm to 200 cm in the vertical direction and about 5 cm to 200 cm in the horizontal direction.
Further, a part of the porous ceramic plate may be cut into an arbitrary shape such as a circular shape or a polygonal shape.

The side surface of the porous ceramic plate may be cut along the thickness direction of the porous ceramic plate, or may be cut obliquely so that it can be spliced. Alternatively, a part of the edge of the porous ceramic plate-like material is cut and removed to form a recess, and a convex portion is formed so that the cross-sections of adjacent porous ceramic plate-like materials can be engaged with each other so as to enable stepping Good. Especially, it is preferable that the side surface of a porous ceramic plate-shaped object is cut | disconnected along the thickness direction of a porous ceramic plate-shaped object, and the side surface (cut surface) is made into a plane.
When laying the porous ceramic sheet material cut in this way, the cut surfaces of the porous ceramic sheet material may be arranged in contact with each other. When the cut surfaces of the porous ceramic plates are placed in contact with each other, water can be easily diffused into the adjacent porous ceramic plates.
Conventionally, if the concave and convex portions are formed on the cut surface of the porous ceramic plate, and the adjacent porous ceramic plates are not stepped or stitched together, the adjacent porous ceramic plates It seemed that the water did not diffuse much. However, as a result of investigations by the present inventors, it has been found that even if a porous ceramic plate is laid with the perpendicular cut surfaces in contact with each other, the porous ceramic plate is likely to diffuse into the adjacent porous ceramic plate.
Therefore, when laying porous ceramic plates with the vertical cut surfaces in contact with each other, the manufacturing cost of the porous ceramic plates can be reduced while suppressing flooding on the rooftop, etc. Is also easy. Therefore, the repair work can be performed easily and inexpensively as compared with the conventional case.

The thickness of the porous ceramic plate-like material is preferably thick from the viewpoint that a time difference in drainage can be easily provided during heavy rain. Specifically, the thickness of the porous ceramic plate is preferably 1 cm or more, more preferably 2 cm or more, although it depends on the precipitation amount, the laying area of the porous ceramic plate, the diameter of the drain pipe, and the like. The above is more preferable, and 5 cm or more is particularly preferable.
The upper limit of the thickness of the porous ceramic plate is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 30 cm or less, more preferably 10 cm or less, from the viewpoint of the strength such as cost and veranda.
The thickness of the porous ceramic plate may be adjusted by stacking a plurality of porous ceramic plates. For example, when the thickness of one porous ceramic plate is 3 cm and the thickness of the porous ceramic plate at the time of laying is 6 cm, two porous ceramic plates with a thickness of 3 cm are used. You just need to stack.
In addition, the thickness of the porous ceramic plate may be different depending on the location even on the same floor surface. For example, the porous ceramic plate may be thicker as it is closer to the drain.

Moreover, it is preferable that the surface layer of the porous ceramic plate is ground. As for the degree of grinding, it is preferable to scrape the surface layer of the porous ceramic plate by 0.5 to 5 mm. When the ground surface is exposed, the water permeability can be improved and the deterioration of the water permeability over time due to adhesion of dust or the like can be suppressed.
When the ground surface is brought into contact with the floor, rainwater on the floor can be quickly sucked up, and the amount of water penetrating the floor can be suppressed.
When only one surface of the porous ceramic plate is ground and the ground surface is exposed, the water permeability in the thickness direction (vertical direction) of the porous ceramic plate is suppressed and the porous ceramic plate is exposed. The water permeability in the surface direction (horizontal direction) of the plate-like object can be improved. When the water permeability in the thickness direction is suppressed and the water permeability in the surface direction is high, the water catching property is higher, which is preferable.

  The porous ceramic plate may have at least millimeter-order holes. Moreover, the porous ceramic plate may have a micrometer order hole or a nanometer order hole in addition to a millimeter order hole.

A millimeter-order hole is a hole having a hole diameter of more than 1 mm and not more than 1000 mm. The hole diameter of the millimeter order hole is preferably more than 1 mm and not more than 100 mm.
A micrometer-order hole is a hole having a hole diameter of more than 1 μm and not more than 1000 μm.
In the porous ceramic plate-like material, it is preferable that pores having a pore diameter of 1 to 1000 nm are formed on the order of nanometers. Furthermore, since the nanometer-order pores are formed, the water trapping capacity of the porous ceramic plate can be further increased.
The hole diameter is adjusted by combining the composition of the raw materials and the firing conditions.
In addition, the hole diameter of a hole refers to the long diameter of a hole. The hole diameter of a millimeter-order hole is a value obtained by cutting a porous ceramic plate with a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction and measuring the hole diameter of the long axis of the horizontally long hole formed on the cut surface with a scale. is there. The hole diameters of the nanometer-order and micrometer-order holes are values obtained by measuring the hole diameter of the opening formed in the cross section with an electron microscope.

  The porous ceramic plate has at least some of the holes communicating with each other. The communicating holes may be millimeter-order holes, micrometer-order holes, or millimeter-order holes and micrometer-order holes. In addition, in the case of having a nanometer order hole, the nanometer order hole may be communicated with each of the millimeter order hole and the micrometer order hole, or the nanometer order holes may be communicated with each other. May be. Since the pores communicate with each other, the porous ceramic plate can capture a large amount of water and increase the saturated water content. Therefore, even if a large amount of rain falls in a short time, the rain that has fallen on the porous ceramic plate-like object can be temporarily stopped and allowed to flow gradually to the drainage groove or drainage port.

A plurality of flat holes parallel to the surface direction of the porous ceramic plate are preferably formed inside the porous ceramic plate. In particular, it is more preferable that the millimeter order hole is a flat hole.
Here, the term “flat hole” means that the longest diameter among the various hole diameters in the surface direction of the porous ceramic sheet is the diameter in the thickness direction of the porous ceramic sheet perpendicular to the diameter. On the other hand, it is a long hole. For example, the flat hole is a hole having a longest diameter in the surface direction of the porous ceramic plate-like material of 1.5 times or more with respect to the diameter in the thickness direction of the porous ceramic plate-like material orthogonal thereto.
Usually, a plurality of flat holes are formed in the thickness direction of the porous ceramic plate. Adjacent flat holes communicate with each other.

When a flat hole is formed inside the porous ceramic plate as described above, the porous ceramic plate is preferably laid so that the flat hole is parallel to the floor surface. .
When the porous ceramic plate is laid so that the flat hole is parallel to the floor surface, the rain water that has fallen on the porous ceramic plate is in the major axis direction of the flat hole, that is, the porous ceramic plate. Easy to diffuse in the surface direction of the object. Therefore, the penetration of rainwater in the thickness direction of the porous ceramic plate can be suppressed, and the time difference of the timing at which rainwater flows into the drainage groove or drainage port can be made longer. Therefore, even when a large amount of rain falls in a short time, it is possible to further suppress the rainwater from flowing into the drain groove or the drain port in a short time, and to prevent flooding.
In addition, when the porous ceramic plate is capturing water, water is gradually discharged and vaporized at high temperatures such as in summer, so that a cooling effect due to latent heat of evaporation can be exhibited.
The above effect is particularly exerted when the flat hole is in the millimeter order.

The porous ceramic plate material preferably has a saturated water content of 20% or more. Here, the saturated water content is determined by the following method.
That is, it is immersed in water for 60 minutes in a state where the surface of the porous ceramic plate is placed on top. Next, in order to prevent water from flowing out from the side surface of the porous ceramic plate, the porous ceramic plate is taken out of the water without being tilted, and is immediately brought into contact with the fabric to remove water droplets on the surface, and immediately after mass (saturated Measure the moisture content). And a saturated water content is calculated | required by following (1) Formula.

  Saturated moisture content (mass%) = [(saturated moisture content mass−absolute dry mass) / absolute dry mass] × 100 (1)

If the saturated moisture content of the porous ceramic plate-like material is 20% or more, the water capturing capacity of the porous ceramic plate-like material will be higher, and it will be more likely that rainwater will flow into the drainage grooves and outlets in a short time. Can be suppressed.
Further, the saturated water content of the porous ceramic plate is more preferably 30% or more, and further preferably 40% or more. The upper limit of the saturated moisture content is preferably as high as possible, but if it is too high, the strength may be insufficient. Therefore, it is preferably 100% or less, more preferably 60% or less, and even more preferably 50% or less.

The volume ratio of the pores in the porous ceramic plate is not particularly limited, but the porosity represented by (pore volume) / (volume of the porous ceramic plate) is preferably 90% by volume or less, more preferably. Is 40 to 80% by volume, still more preferably 60 to 70% by volume. If the porosity is within the above range, the strength of the porous ceramic plate can be maintained, and the function required for the porous ceramic plate can be sufficiently imparted.
The bending strength of the porous ceramic plate is preferably 2.5 N / mm ² to ²⁰ N / mm ² . Within this range, even when laid on the rooftop or the like, a large amount of water can be captured while suppressing the occurrence of cracks and the like.
In addition, the measurement of a bending strength is measured based on JIS A5371 B-1.5.1.

The bulk specific gravity of the porous ceramic plate is preferably 0.4 to 1.3 g / cm ³ , more preferably 0.4 to 1.0 g / cm ³ , and still more preferably 0.55 to 0.85 g / cm ³ . Here, the bulk specific gravity is obtained from [mass of porous ceramic sheet (g)] / [volume of porous ceramic sheet (cm ³ )].
If bulk specific gravity is in the said range, while the intensity | strength of a porous ceramics plate-like material is maintained, the function calculated | required by a porous ceramics plate-like material can fully be provided. In addition, it can be estimated that a porous ceramic plate-shaped object has many holes, so that bulk specific gravity is low.

The water permeability of the porous ceramic sheet is higher in the direction (plane direction) along the surface of the porous ceramic sheet than in the direction of thickness along the thickness direction from the surface of the porous ceramic sheet. It is preferable to be fast.
The method for measuring the water permeation rate is described in Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftscentwickland Landschaftsbaue. V. -FLL: "Guidelines for the Planning, Construction and Maintenance of Green Roofing-Green Roofing Guideline" 10.2.6 Water Permeability.
In an example of a sintered body A, which will be described later, which is a preferable porous ceramic plate-like product of the present invention, Water Permeability Kf mod. The thickness direction of the plate-like material is 3.2 mm / min. The surface direction is 24.6 mm / min. (However, this is the value when water is applied to the surface of the porous ceramic plate.) That is, the water permeation speed in the surface direction of the porous ceramic plate is higher than the water permeation speed along the thickness direction from the surface of the porous ceramic plate.

  In order to obtain the above saturated water content, volume ratio of pores, bulk specific gravity, and water permeability, the porous ceramic plate may be a sintered body A described later. However, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the blending ratio according to the type of foaming agent, clays and organic sludge used.

(Forming component of porous ceramic plate)
The porous ceramic plate is a porous ceramic sintered body (hereinafter referred to as “sintered body A”) obtained by molding and sintering a mixture containing a foaming agent, clays, and organic sludge. preferable. In the sintered body A, communication holes (holes in which a plurality of the above-mentioned holes communicate with each other) are easily formed, and the water trapping is further increased and the water permeability is further increased.
When the porous ceramic plate is the sintered body A, the communication hole may be a hole in which the holes derived from the foaming agent communicate with each other, or a hole in which the holes derived from the organic sludge communicate with each other. However, the hole derived from the foaming agent and the hole derived from the organic sludge may be a hole communicating with each other. Among these, it is preferable that the pores derived from the foaming agent and the pores derived from the organic sludge communicate with each other because the water-capturing property and water permeability become higher. That is, it is preferable that a first hole formed by foaming the foaming agent at the time of firing and a second hole formed by reducing the amount of the organic sludge at the time of firing are formed and these holes communicate with each other. . Since the pores communicate with each other, the porous ceramic plate-like material has an improved saturated moisture content, can capture a large amount of heavy rain, and has improved water permeability.
The first hole is mainly a millimeter order hole, and the second hole is mainly a micrometer order or less (nanometer order) hole.

<Foaming agent>
The foaming agent in the case where the porous ceramic plate is the sintered body A is foamed at the time of firing. For example, a known foaming agent for ceramics such as calcium carbonate, silicon carbide, magnesium carbonate, and slag is used. Can be used. Of these foaming agents, slag is preferred.
The slag is not particularly limited. For example, it is generated when blast furnace slag generated during metal refining, municipal waste melting slag generated when melting municipal waste, sewage sludge melting slag generated when sewage sludge is melted, cast iron such as ductile cast iron, etc. Examples thereof include glassy slag such as cast iron slag. Among these, cast iron slag is more preferable. Since cast iron slag has a stable composition, a stable foamed state can be obtained, and the foaming rate is about 1.5 to 2 times that of other slags. By using this, large holes on the order of millimeters can be formed. Can be formed.
Also, cast iron _slag, comprising _{SiO 2, Al 2 O 3,} CaO, Fe 2 O 3, FeO, MgO, MnO, K 2 O, the components such as Na ₂ O.

  The amount of slag in the blend can be determined in consideration of the moldability of the mixture, for example, preferably 80% by weight or less, more preferably 20 to 75% by weight, and even more preferably 30 to 65% by weight. . Within the above range, the moldability of the mixture can be smoothly formed without impairing, and the apparent density and saturated water content of the porous ceramic plate can be adjusted to suitable ranges.

<Clays>
Clays are mineral materials that exhibit clay-like properties that are generally used as ceramic raw materials.
Specifically, the clay can be a known one used for ceramic plates, and is composed of a mineral composition such as quartz, feldspar, clay, etc., but the constituent mineral is mainly kaolinite, Those containing halloysite, montmorillonite, illite, bentonite and pyrophyllite are preferred. Among them, those containing coarse quartz grains having a particle diameter of 500 μm or more are more preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the progress of cracks during sintering and preventing the destruction of the porous ceramic plate. Examples of such clays include cocoon clay. The clays are blended alone or in combination of two or more.

<Organic sludge>
Organic sludge is sludge containing an organic substance as a main component. Although it does not restrict | limit especially as organic sludge, The activated sludge derived from waste water treatments, such as a sewage and a factory, is preferable. The activated sludge is obtained by being discharged from a wastewater treatment facility using the activated sludge method through a coagulation / dehydration process. By using such organic sludge, a desired hole can be easily formed. Furthermore, activated sludge derived from wastewater treatment, which has been positioned as waste, can be recycled as a raw material. By using such organic sludge, micrometer-order holes can be efficiently formed, and nanometer-order holes can be formed. By forming pores in the order of nanometers, the apparent density of the porous ceramic sintered body can be reduced, the saturated moisture content can be further increased, and the chance of contact with water can be increased. Furthermore, activated sludge derived from wastewater treatment, which has been positioned as waste, can be used as a raw material.

  The water content of the organic sludge is preferably 5 to 90% by mass, more preferably 60 to 90% by mass, and even more preferably 65 to 85% by mass. If it is in the said range, while being able to obtain a homogeneous mixture by the below-mentioned mixing process, favorable moldability can be maintained also in continuous molding.

  The content of the organic matter in the organic sludge is not particularly limited. For example, the content (organic matter content) of the organic matter in the solid content of the organic sludge is preferably 70% by mass or more, and more preferably 80% by mass or more. The larger the organic content, the easier the pore formation. In addition, organic substance content is a value calculated | required by the following (2) formula, measuring ash content (mass%) at the carbonization temperature of 700 degreeC according to JISM8812-1993 for the sludge after drying.

  Organic content (mass%) = 100 (mass%) − ash (mass%) (2)

  The average particle diameter of the organic sludge is preferably 1 to 5 μm, more preferably 1 to 3 μm. Organic sludge is burned off by firing and forms pores there, so that the smaller the average particle diameter, the easier it is to form micrometer-order holes and nanometer-order holes. The average particle diameter is a volume-based median diameter (50% volume diameter) measured by a particle size distribution measuring device (LA-920, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).

<Optional component>
Arbitrary components may be blended with the sintered body A as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. Examples of optional components include naphthalene-based fluidizing agents such as Mighty 2000WH (trade name, manufactured by Kao Corporation), melamine-based fluidizing agents such as Melment F-10 (trade name, manufactured by Showa Denko KK), and the like. Polycarboxylic acid-based fluidizing agents such as Darex Super 100pH (trade name, manufactured by Grace Chemicals Co., Ltd.); antibacterial agents such as silver, copper and zinc; adsorbents such as zeolite and apatite, activated carbon fibers, metallic aluminum Etc.
Moreover, when a bad odor arises from organic sludge, it is good to mix | blend a deodorizer. Specific examples of the deodorant include ammonium chloride and zinc chloride. When such a deodorant is used, it is possible to neutralize and deodorize odorous components such as hydrogen sulfide.
The blending amount of the optional component may be added in consideration of the intended effect of the optional component addition within a range not departing from the object of the present invention. For example, when ammonium chloride or zinc chloride is used as a deodorant, it is preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass with respect to the organic sludge, and preferably 0.005 to 1% by mass in the entire mixture.

<Diatomaceous earth>
The sintered body A may contain diatomaceous earth as necessary.
Diatomaceous earth is a deposit made of diatom remains and is porous with pores on the order of micrometers.
Diatomaceous earth is not particularly limited, and those conventionally used for fireproof bricks, filter media and the like can be used. For example, it is not necessary to separate and refine clay minerals (montmorillonite, etc.), quartz, feldspar, etc. that are confined, and the amount of the mixture can be adjusted after recognizing these contents.
The moisture content of diatomaceous earth is not particularly limited, and for example, the moisture content in a naturally dried state is preferably 20 to 60 mass%, more preferably 30 to 50 mass%, and further preferably 35 to 45 mass%. If it is within the above range, it is because a mixture with good moldability can be obtained by removing the coarse particles in the narrow material during mixing while recognizing the moisture content.
In addition, a moisture content is the value calculated | required by the following (3) formula, drying a sample (200 degreeC, 12 minutes) using the infrared moisture meter of the following specification which is a drying weight loss method.

Measurement method: Loss on drying method (heat drying / mass measurement method)
Minimum display: water content; 0.1% by mass
Measurement range: water content; 0.0 to 100% by mass
Drying temperature: 0-200 ° C
Measurement accuracy: Sample weight 5g or more, moisture content ± 0.1% by mass
Heat source: infrared lamp; 185W

Moisture content (mass%) = [(m ₁ -m ₂ ) / (m ₁ -m ₀ )] × 100 (3)
m ₁ : Total mass (g) of the weight of the container before drying and the weight of the sample before drying
m ₂ : Total mass (g) of the weight of the container after drying and the weight of the sample after drying
m ₀ : Mass of the container after drying (g)

<Inorganic particles and fibers>
When it is desired to improve the strength of the porous ceramic plate, particularly the bending strength, it is preferable to add inorganic particles / fibers, fly ash, and clinker ash to the mixture. The inorganic particles / fibers are preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of high-melting glass particles, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, and rock wool, and high-melting glass particles are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of improving strength.

[High melting point glass particles]
The high melting point glass has a melting temperature of 900 ° C. or higher, preferably a melting temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher, more preferably a melting temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher. If the melting temperature is equal to or higher than the lower limit value, the high-melting glass particles are partially melted in the firing step described later, and can be fused together with the high-melting glass particles or function as a clay binder. In addition, the higher the melting temperature, the higher the strength of the porous ceramic plate. Further, the melting temperature of the high melting point glass is preferably 1800 ° C. or less, and more preferably 1600 ° C. or less. If it exceeds the upper limit, when sintered, the particles of the high melting point glass are difficult to melt, and the strength of the porous ceramic plate may not be sufficiently improved.

  The material of the high melting point glass is not particularly limited, but alkali-free glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, and quartz glass are preferable, and borosilicate glass is particularly preferable. With such a material, the strength of the porous ceramic plate can be sufficiently improved.

The alkali-free glass is a glass that does not substantially contain an alkali metal element such as sodium, potassium, or lithium. “Substantially not contained” means that the content of the alkali metal element in the glass composition is 0.1% by mass or less in terms of oxide.
Aluminosilicate glass is an oxide glass mainly composed of aluminum and silicon.
Borosilicate glass is an oxide glass mainly composed of boron and silicon.
Quartz glass is glass made from quartz and has a high purity of silicon oxide.
Examples of commercially available high melting point glass include AN100 (trade name, non-alkali borosilicate glass, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.).

The high melting point glass is, for example, a liquid crystal display such as a liquid crystal television, a panel such as a plasma display, a cover glass for EL, a cover glass for a solid-state image sensor represented by a CCD, a glass for an optical filter such as a hand pass filter, Used in various products such as glass for glass substrates, flasks and beakers for on-glass use.
Therefore, the particles of the high melting point glass can be obtained from the waste glass discharged in the manufacturing process of the above products, the panel recovered from the discarded liquid crystal television or the like.
Particularly, flat display panels such as liquid crystal televisions generate a large amount of waste glass when the flat display is manufactured as the size of the panel increases. Waste can be reduced by making the waste glass of the flat display panel into particles of high melting point glass. For this reason, it is preferable to use the waste glass of the panel for flat displays as a high melting glass particle from a viewpoint of reducing environmental load. In addition, the waste glass of the flat display panel can be used as a high-melting glass having a stable quality without special purification because the purity of the glass composition is high.

The particle diameter of the high melting point glass particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 5 mm. If the particle diameter is less than 0.1 mm, the formation of pores in the porous ceramic fired body may be insufficient. If the formation of the holes is insufficient, the removal performance of unnecessary substances contained in the gas and the durability of the porous ceramic fired body may be deteriorated.
If the particle diameter is more than 5 mm, moldability may be deteriorated, or the metal fitting at the extrusion port may be damaged during molding.
The particle diameter of the high melting point glass is more preferably more than 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm or less from the viewpoint of productivity of the porous ceramic sheet and further improvement of strength.
The particle diameter of the high melting point glass is a value measured by sieving.

[Carbon fiber]
Various carbon fibers such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), pitch, rayon, and cellulose can be used as the carbon fiber.
The length of the carbon fiber is preferably 1 mm to 10 cm, and more preferably 5 to 25 mm. If it is less than the lower limit, the strength may be insufficient, and if it exceeds the upper limit, productivity may be impaired, or the appearance of the porous ceramic plate may be impaired.
The thickness of the carbon fiber is preferably 1 to 1000 μm, and more preferably 5 to 100 μm. If it is less than the lower limit, the strength of the porous ceramic plate may be insufficient, and if it exceeds the upper limit, productivity is impaired or the appearance of the porous ceramic plate is impaired. There is a risk that

[Basalt fiber]
Basalt fiber is a fiber manufactured by melting and spinning naturally occurring basalt (basalt).
The length of the basalt fiber is preferably 1 mm to 10 cm, and more preferably 5 to 25 mm. If it is less than the lower limit, the strength may be insufficient, and if it exceeds the upper limit, productivity may be impaired or the appearance may be impaired.
The thickness of the basalt fiber is preferably 1 to 1000 μm, and more preferably 5 to 100 μm. If it is less than the lower limit, the strength may be insufficient, and if it exceeds the upper limit, productivity may be impaired or the appearance may be impaired. The same applies to carbon fibers, but it is preferable from the viewpoint of improving strength to use a fiber bundle in which about 1000 to 100,000 of these fibers are bundled.

[Rock wool]
Rock wool is a man-made mineral fiber produced by mixing lime, etc., with basalt, iron slag, etc., melting at high temperature and spinning.
The length of the rock wool is preferably 1 mm to 10 cm, and more preferably 5 to 25 mm. If it is less than the lower limit, the strength may be insufficient, and if it exceeds the upper limit, productivity may be impaired or the appearance may be impaired.
1-100 micrometers is preferable and, as for the thickness of rock wool, 3-30 micrometers is more preferable. If it is less than the lower limit, the strength may be insufficient, and if it exceeds the upper limit, productivity may be impaired or the appearance may be impaired.

[Fly ash]
Fly ash is ash produced when coal is burned in a thermal power plant or the like, and is a particle having a size enough to be blown up together with combustion gas. As fly ash, those specified in JIS A6201 as fly ash for concrete are preferable from the viewpoint of quality stability, and any of the types I, II, III, and IV specified in JIS A6201 may be used.

[Clinker ash]
Clinker ash is ash that is collected from dehydrated and crushed limestone that has fallen to the bottom of the boiler among the limestone that is generated when coal is burned at a thermal power plant or the like.

<Method for producing sintered body A>
Below, the manufacturing method of the plate-shaped object of the sintered compact A is demonstrated. The manufacturing method of the plate-shaped object of the sintered compact A has a mixing process, a formation process, and a baking process.

[Mixing process]
A mixing process is a process of obtaining a mixture by mixing a foaming agent, clays, and organic sludge.
As a mixture, the thing containing a foaming agent and clay is preferable, for example, and the thing containing a foaming agent, organic sludge, and clay is more preferable. By using a foaming agent and clay, large millimeter-order holes and micrometer-order holes can be formed. Furthermore, by using organic sludge, it is possible to form more micrometer-order holes and even smaller nanometer-order holes. A porous ceramic fired body obtained by firing such a mixture has a structure in which pores communicate with each other.
The mixing method of each component in a mixing process is not specifically limited, For example, the method of throwing a foaming agent, clays, and organic sludge into a mixing apparatus at once and mixing is mentioned.

  10-80 mass% is preferable, as for the compounding quantity of the foaming agent in a mixture, 30-70 mass% is more preferable, and 40-60 mass% is further more preferable. If the blending amount of the foaming agent is within the above range, the moldability of the mixture can be smoothly formed without being impaired, and the porosity, bulk specific gravity, and saturated moisture content of the porous ceramic plate can be easily adjusted to a suitable range. be able to.

  The blending amount of the clays in the mixture can be determined in consideration of moldability, preferably 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 8 to 50% by mass, and further preferably 1 to 40% by mass. When the blending amount of the clay is within the above range, the moldability of the mixture can be smoothly formed without sacrificing, and the strength of the obtained porous ceramic plate can be sufficiently secured.

  The blending amount of the organic sludge in the mixture can be determined in consideration of moldability, preferably 1 to 60% by mass, more preferably 5 to 40% by mass, and further preferably 5 to 30% by mass. If the blending amount of the organic sludge is within the above range, the mixture has appropriate fluidity and plasticity, has high moldability, and can be molded smoothly without blocking the molding apparatus. Moreover, it becomes easy to make a hole communicate, and the porous ceramic plate-shaped object of the desired porosity and saturation water content can be obtained easily.

  Although the moisture content of a mixture is not specifically limited, 25-45 mass% is preferable and 25-30 mass% is more preferable. If it is in the said range, a mixture has moderate plasticity and fluidity | liquidity, and can maintain favorable moldability.

When the optional component is blended in the mixture, the blending amount of the optional component is within a range that does not hinder the object of the present invention, and is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 10% by mass of the entire mixture.
In addition, in the mixing step, when organic sludge is blended at a suitable blending ratio, it is not necessary to add water in the mixing step with water contained in the organic sludge, and adjustment of the fluidity of the mixture For the purpose, etc., water may be appropriately blended.
In addition, when mix | blending a high melting glass particle as another component, it is preferable to make the compounding quantity of a high melting glass particle into the range of 5-35 mass%. When it exceeds 35 mass% and a high melting glass particle is mix | blended, there exists a possibility that a porosity and a saturated water content may fall. On the other hand, if it is less than 5% by mass, the effect of improving the strength may not be obtained.

  The mixing apparatus used for a mixing process is not specifically limited, A well-known mixing apparatus can be used. For example, as a mixing apparatus, a kneader such as a mix muller (manufactured by Shinto Kogyo Co., Ltd.), a kneader (manufactured by Moriyama Co., Ltd.), a mixer (manufactured by Nippon Ceramic Science Co., Ltd.) and the like can be mentioned.

  The mixing time in the mixing process can be determined in consideration of the blending ratio of foaming agent, clays and organic sludge, fluidity of the mixture, etc., and determine the mixing time so that the mixture becomes plastic. Is preferred. The mixing time is preferably in the range of 15 to 45 minutes, more preferably in the range of 25 to 35 minutes.

  The temperature in the mixing step is not particularly limited, and can be determined in consideration of the blending ratio of the foaming agent, clays and organic sludge, the water content, etc., and is preferably in the range of 10 to 80 ° C., 50 to 60 More preferably, it is in the range of ° C.

[Molding process]
The forming step is a step of forming the mixture obtained in the mixing step into a plate shape.
As the forming method, a known forming method can be used, and it can be determined in consideration of the properties of the mixture and the shape of the porous ceramic plate. The molding method is, for example, a method of continuously obtaining a plate-shaped molded body using a molding apparatus, a method of obtaining a molded body by filling the mixture into a mold having a plate-shaped cavity, or a plate after stretching the mixture. And the like, and the mixture is continuously extruded into a cylindrical shape, cut, rolled, and then cut. Among these, from the viewpoint of improving production efficiency, a method of continuously obtaining a molded body using a molding apparatus is preferable. Moreover, it becomes easy to form a flat hole in the fired body A by, for example, orienting the foaming agent by extruding and / or stretching and / or rolling the mixture in the molding step.

  As the molding apparatus, a vacuum clay molding machine, a flat plate press molding machine, a flat plate extrusion molding machine, or the like can be used. Among these, a vacuum clay molding machine is preferable. By removing the air in the molded body using a vacuum clay molding machine, the control of the holes is stabilized.

  The size of the molded body is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of, for example, length 5 cm to 2 m × width 5 cm to 2 m × thickness 1 cm to 10 cm. If it falls outside the lower limit of the above range, productivity may be reduced. If the upper limit is exceeded, sintering will be insufficient and the porous ceramic plate may be damaged during transportation.

[Baking process]
The firing step is a step of firing the molded body obtained in the forming step and sintering clays to obtain a porous ceramic plate.
It is preferable to dry the molded body before firing. The drying operation is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. For example, the molded body may be naturally dried, or may be dried by treating in a hot air drying furnace at 50 to 220 ° C. for an arbitrary time. Although the moisture content of the molded object after drying is not specifically limited, Less than 3 mass% is preferable and less than 1 mass% is more preferable. The moisture content of the dried molded body may be 0% by mass as the lower limit.

The firing method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Examples thereof include a method of firing at an arbitrary temperature using a continuous sintering furnace such as a roller hearth kiln or a batch sintering furnace such as a shuttle kiln. Among them, it is preferable to use a continuous sintering furnace for firing from the viewpoint of productivity.
In addition, when odor is generated during firing, a deodorizing device may be attached to the firing device. Examples of the deodorizer include a scrubber deodorizer, an ozone deodorizer, a catalyst deodorizer using a photocatalyst, and the like.

The firing temperature (attainment temperature) is set in consideration of the blending ratio of the foaming agent, clays, and organic sludge, the components of the organic sludge, and the like. For example, the temperature is set to a temperature at which the foaming agent foams and expands, sinters clays, and the organic matter contained in the organic sludge volatilizes and decreases in volume due to thermal decomposition. Specifically, the firing temperature is 950 to 1200 ° C, preferably 1000 to 1100 ° C. Most organic substances begin to decompose at around 700 ° C, and odorous components are thermally decomposed at 950 ° C. By setting the temperature to 950 ° C or higher, the odor peculiar to organic sludge can be eliminated and a large amount of organic substances in the organic sludge can be removed. It can be reduced by volatilizing the part. When cast iron slag is used as the foaming agent, it crystallizes and expands at about 800 to 950.
When the firing temperature exceeds 1200 ° C., vitrification of the entire structure of the porous ceramic plate-like product proceeds, and the molded body may be damaged or the pores may be blocked.

In the firing step, before the firing temperature is reached, water is first evaporated from the molded body, the foaming agent is foamed, and then the organic matter of the organic sludge is thermally decomposed and reduced in weight. It is preferable to appropriately adjust the temperature rise (heat curve, temperature gradient) until the firing temperature is reached.
In a continuous sintering furnace, if the moisture content of the molded body at the time of charging exceeds 3% by mass, the molded body may burst or explode due to the rapid vaporization of the water content in the firing process. There is also a risk of breakage due to rapid volatilization of. However, if the temperature gradient is adjusted to suppress rapid evaporation of water or rapid decrease in organic matter, it is possible to prevent rupture and breakage of the molded body as described above.
Also, during rapid cooling after reaching the firing temperature, breakage such as cracking or pulverization may occur in the porous ceramic plate, but cooling can be achieved by adjusting the temperature gradient in the firing process. Can be prevented from being damaged.

In addition, the temperature gradient should be taken into account the scale of the baking apparatus. If an appropriate temperature gradient is provided according to the scale of the firing apparatus, the porosity is increased or the holes are communicated with each other, so that the water trapping capacity, saturated moisture content, water permeability, strength, etc. of the porous ceramic plate-like material are increased. Improve more.
be able to.

The firing time can be determined in consideration of the firing temperature, the moisture content of the mixture, etc., and the residence time in the state of being at the firing temperature is preferably 1 to 120 minutes, more preferably 3 to 60 minutes, Preferably, it is 4 to 10 minutes. If the residence time is within the above range, the porous ceramic plate can be satisfactorily sintered while preventing damage to the porous ceramic plate.
What is necessary is just to cut | disconnect a porous ceramic plate-shaped object to arbitrary magnitude | sizes after baking and cooling.

(Application example of drainage structure)
The drainage structure of the present invention is mainly applied to the roof, but can also be applied to a veranda or a balcony.
When the above drainage structure is applied to a veranda installed on each floor of a multi-story house, rainwater that falls on the veranda on each floor merges with rainwater that falls on the veranda on the upper floor, and drains so that it faces the lower floor. Is done. Although the application example to the veranda is not the main application example of the drainage structure of the present invention, the flow of water is complicated and will be described below.
That is, in this example, a waterproof layer is formed on the top surface of a veranda installed on each floor of a multi-layered house, a floor is provided, and a porous ceramic plate is laid on the surface of the floor.
In the present embodiment, a structure such as a fence, a fence, a wall, or a sash may be provided around the floor.

FIG. 9 shows a first example. In the first example, a drainage channel is formed inside each of the verandas 22 and 23, a vertical drainage pipe 31 extending from an upper floor is connected to one end of the drainage channel 32, and a lower channel is connected to the other end of the drainage channel. A vertical drain pipe 31 extending toward the floor is connected. In the floors 20 and 20 of the verandas 22 and 23, drainage ports H of the vertical drainage pipes 31 are formed.
In such a drainage structure, rainwater that has fallen on the veranda 22 on the upper floor flows into the vertical drainage pipe 31, and further joins with rainwater that has fallen on the upper floor and passed through the drainage channel 32. It is sent to the drainage channel 32 in the veranda 22 on the lower floor. Rainwater that falls on the veranda 22 on the lower floor flows into the vertical drainage pipe 31, merges with rainwater that has passed through the drainage channel 32, passes through the vertical drainage pipe 31, and is sent to the drainage channel in the veranda on the lower floor. . By repeating this, the rainwater is sequentially moved to the lower floor and drained.
In this example, the porous ceramic plate 10 is laid on the surface of the waterproof layer 21 of the verandas 22 and 23. The porous ceramic plate-like object 10 is disposed so as to cover the drainage port H of the vertical drainage pipe 31 and so that no gap is formed between the porous ceramic plate-like object 10 and the waterproof layer 21.

In this example, since the porous ceramic plate 10 is laid on the surface of the waterproof layer 21, rainwater can be temporarily retained inside the porous ceramic plate 10. Therefore, even when a large amount of rain falls in a short time, a large amount of rainwater can be prevented from flowing into the vertical drain pipe 31 or the drainage channel 32 in a short time, and the flooding of the verandas 22 and 23 can be suppressed.
Further, since the porous ceramic plate 10 is laid on the surface of the waterproof layer 21, sunlight is not directly applied to the waterproof layer 21. Moreover, since the porous ceramic plate-like object 10 has heat insulation properties due to the porosity, the volume expansion of the main bodies of the verandas 22 and 23 and the waterproof layer 21 due to the rise or fall of temperature can be suppressed. Therefore, the deterioration of the waterproof layer 21 can be suppressed by laying the porous ceramic plate 10.

In the above drainage structure, when the porous ceramic plate 10 is not laid on the surface of the waterproof layer 21, the waterproof layer 21 deteriorates due to sunlight or a temperature change. Water may stay in the water and cause the drainage channel 32 to deteriorate. Due to the deterioration of the drainage channel 32, water permeates from the drainage channel 32 into the verandas 22 and 23, thereby promoting the deterioration of the waterproof layer 21. In addition, since the flow of water in the drainage channel 32 is weak, moss and dust are likely to accumulate in the drainage channel, which promotes deterioration of the drainage channel 32, so that the waterproof layer 21 is more likely to deteriorate. Become.
In addition, when the vertical drain pipe 31 and the drainage channel 32 are deteriorated, the repair is performed. For the repair, a method of inserting a pipe having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the vertical drainage pipe 31 and the drainage channel 32 is adopted. It is done. In this renovation, the construction is difficult because the construction involves passing the pipe from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction. Moreover, since the diameter of the vertical drain pipe 31 and the drainage channel 32 becomes thin after renovation, in the case of concentrated heavy rain, the amount of rain tends to exceed the drainage capacity, and the verandas 22 and 23 are easily flooded. Moreover, the vertical drain pipe 31 and the drainage channel 32 are easily clogged because the diameter is narrowed.
When the drainage channel 32 deteriorates, a drainage groove may be newly formed on the floors 20 of the verandas 22 and 23 without repairing the drainage channel 32, but the appearance is poor and the veranda in the case of a heavy rain. It is not a countermeasure for flooding.

A second example is shown in FIGS. Also in the second example, the porous ceramic plate-like material is disposed on the surface of the waterproof layer of the veranda on each floor so as to cover the drainage port and no gap is formed between the porous layer and the waterproof layer.
Also in the second example, a drainage channel 32 is formed inside each of the verandas 22 and 23. Each drainage channel 32 includes a horizontal drainage channel 32a formed horizontally in the veranda and a vertical drainage channel 32b connected to one end of the horizontal drainage channel 32a and extending from the floor of the veranda on the floor. The other end of the horizontal drainage channel 32a is connected to a vertical drainage pipe 31 extending toward the lower floor. In the floors 20 and 20 of the verandas 22 and 23, drainage ports H of the vertical drainage pipes 31 are formed. The lower end of each vertical drain pipe 31 does not enter the inside of the verandas 22 and 23 and is disposed above the surface of the waterproof layer 21.
In such a drainage structure, rainwater discharged to the porous ceramic plate 10 on the veranda 22 flows into the vertical drainage pipe 31 together with rainwater that has fallen on the veranda 22. Further, a part of the rainwater discharged to the porous ceramic plate 10 on the veranda 22 and a part of the rainwater falling on the veranda 22 flows through the drainage channel 32 in the veranda 22 and is vertically drained toward the lower floor. The rainwater passing through the pipe 31 joins. Rainwater that passes through the vertical drain pipe 31 downward from the veranda 22 is discharged toward the porous ceramic plate 10 on the veranda 23.
The rainwater discharged to the porous ceramic plate 10 on the veranda 23 flows into the vertical drain pipe 31 together with the rainwater that has fallen on the veranda 23. Further, a part of the rainwater discharged to the porous ceramic plate 10 on the veranda 23 and a part of the rainwater falling on the veranda 23 flow through the drainage channel 32 in the veranda 23 and are vertically drained toward the lower floor. The rainwater passing through the pipe 31 joins.
By repeating this, the rainwater is sequentially moved to the lower floor and drained.

In this example, a partition plate is disposed between some porous ceramic plates to form a rainwater flow path.
That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the rainwater flowing out from the vertical drain pipe 31 extending from the upper floor to the porous ceramic plate 10 is drained H of the vertical drain pipe 31 extending to the lower floor along the wall 25. A partition plate 40 is provided so as to form a flow path R that flows toward the bottom. This partition plate 40 prevents rainwater flowing out from the vertical drain pipe 31 from spreading over the entire veranda, and can be promptly sent to the drain outlet H of the vertical drain pipe 31.
If the veranda is divided into two regions by the partition plate 40, there is no place for the rain that has fallen in the region where the drainage port H is not formed. Therefore, the partition plate 40 is not disposed between the porous ceramic plate 10 on the drain outlet H and the porous ceramic plate 10 that is not the flow path R. Thereby, the rain which fell on the veranda of the said floor can be moved toward the drain outlet H of the vertical drain pipe extended to a lower floor.
Between the porous ceramic plate 10 on the drain outlet H and the porous ceramic plate 10 that is not the flow path R, the porous ceramic plate 10 is cut to the same width as the partition plate 40. What is necessary is just to arrange | position the quality ceramic cut material 50. FIG. However, the porous ceramic cut material 50 is arranged such that water flows toward the drainage port H through the holes in the porous ceramic cut material 50.

Also in this example, since the porous ceramic plate is laid on the surface of the waterproof layer, sunlight is not directly applied to the waterproof layer. In addition, since the porous ceramic plate-like material has heat insulation properties due to the porosity, the volume expansion of the flooring of the veranda or the waterproof layer due to the rise or fall of temperature can be suppressed. Therefore, deterioration of the waterproof layer can be suppressed by laying the porous ceramic plate.
Further, since the porous ceramic plate is laid on the surface of the waterproof layer, rainwater can be temporarily retained inside the porous ceramic plate. Therefore, even when a large amount of rain falls in a short time, it is possible to suppress a large amount of rainwater from flowing into the drain pipe or the drainage channel in a short time, and to prevent flooding of the veranda.
In addition, when the porous ceramic plate is capturing water, water is gradually discharged and vaporized at high temperatures such as in summer, so that a cooling effect due to latent heat of evaporation can be exhibited.

  In any of the first example and the second example, when a flat hole parallel to the surface direction of the porous ceramic plate is formed in the porous ceramic plate, the flat hole However, it is preferable to lay the porous ceramic plate-like material so as to be parallel to the surface of the waterproof layer of the veranda. In this way, when the porous ceramic plate is laid, rainwater can be diffused in the surface direction of the waterproof layer and easily guided to the drain pipe. Furthermore, since the water trapping capacity of the porous ceramic plate-like material is further increased, the flooding of the veranda can be further prevented.

In the first and second examples, the waterproof layer 21 may be formed not only on the outermost surface of the floor 20, for example, on the portions below the drainage channels 32 of the verandas 22 and 23. A waterproof layer may be formed.
Moreover, the waterproof layer 21 does not need to be formed on the outermost surface of the floor 20, and a concrete layer, a mortar layer, or the like may be formed on the waterproof layer 21.

10 Porous ceramic plate 20 Floor 21 Waterproof layer 25 Wall B Drain H H Drain outlet

Claims (5)

A floor having a waterproof layer and having an opening for drainage formed of at least one of a drainage port and a drainage groove, and a porous ceramic plate having a communication hole laid on the floor,
The drainage structure, wherein the porous ceramic plate-like object is disposed in the vicinity of the drainage opening of the floor so that no gap is formed between the porous ceramic plate-like object and the floor.   The drainage structure according to claim 1, wherein the saturated moisture content of the porous ceramic plate-like product is 20% or more. A plurality of flat holes parallel to the surface direction of the porous ceramic plate are formed inside the porous ceramic plate,
The drainage structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the porous ceramic plate-like object is laid such that the flat hole is parallel to the surface of the floor.   The drainage structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a surface layer of the porous ceramic plate is ground.   The drainage structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the porous ceramic plate-like material covers the drainage opening.

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