JP2015159797A - Nursery cabinet, method for installing the same, and pressing plate thereof - Google Patents
Nursery cabinet, method for installing the same, and pressing plate thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015159797A JP2015159797A JP2014038965A JP2014038965A JP2015159797A JP 2015159797 A JP2015159797 A JP 2015159797A JP 2014038965 A JP2014038965 A JP 2014038965A JP 2014038965 A JP2014038965 A JP 2014038965A JP 2015159797 A JP2015159797 A JP 2015159797A
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Abstract
Description
この発明は、育苗器及び育苗器の敷設方法及び育苗器の押圧板の技術分野に属する。 The present invention belongs to the technical field of a seedling device, a method for laying the seedling device, and a pressing plate for the seedling device.
育苗器となる苗箱を置床に並べ、置床に並べた苗箱を押圧板となる踏み板により上方から押圧して置床に密着させて敷設する苗箱並べ機及び苗箱の敷設方法がある。前記押圧板となる踏み板の押圧面は、平面状である(特許文献1参照)。また、置床に並べた苗箱に押圧板を載せ、押圧板の上方で横移動する横移動体の自重により苗箱に押圧力を与えて押圧する苗箱押圧機がある。前記押圧板の押圧面は、平面状である(特許文献2の図1〜図5参照)。また、置床に並べた苗箱上で転がる押圧ローラにより苗箱を押圧する苗箱押圧機がある(特許文献2の図16〜図20参照)。 There are a seedling box arranging machine and a seedling box laying method in which seedling boxes as seedling raising devices are arranged on a placement floor, and the seedling boxes arranged on the placement floor are pressed from above by a tread plate as a pressing plate to be brought into close contact with the placement floor. The pressing surface of the tread plate serving as the pressing plate is planar (see Patent Document 1). In addition, there is a seedling box pressing machine that places a pressing plate on a seedling box arranged on the floor and applies a pressing force to the seedling box by its own weight of a laterally moving body that moves laterally above the pressing plate. The pressing surface of the pressing plate is planar (see FIGS. 1 to 5 of Patent Document 2). Moreover, there is a seedling box pressing machine that presses the seedling box with a pressing roller that rolls on the seedling boxes arranged on the floor (see FIGS. 16 to 20 of Patent Document 2).
置床に並べた育苗器を上方から押圧する際、育苗器の強度が低いと育苗器が変形したり破損したりして、置床上で良好な育苗が行えなくなることが考えられる。
本発明は、複数のセルを縦横に配列した育苗器を押圧する際、育苗器の変形や破損を防止して適正に押圧し、ひいては置床上で良好な育苗を行うことを課題とする。
When pressing the seedling devices arranged on the floor from above, it is considered that if the strength of the seedling device is low, the seedling device is deformed or damaged, and good seedling cannot be performed on the floor.
This invention makes it a subject to prevent the deformation | transformation and damage of a seedling device, when pressing a seedling device which arranged the some cell vertically and horizontally, and to press appropriately, and to perform a good seedling on a flooring by extension.
上記課題を解決するために、次のような技術的手段を講じた。
すなわち、請求項1に係る発明は、複数のセル(121)を縦横に配列した育苗器において、セル(121)の上端より育苗器の外周縁部(122)の上端を高位にし、複数のセル(121)の上方に各々のセル(121)に連通する空間部(123)を構成した育苗器とした。
In order to solve the above problems, the following technical measures were taken.
That is, the invention according to
また、請求項2に係る発明は、請求項1に記載の育苗器(120)のセル(121)内に土詰め及び播種を行い、前記空間部(123)に覆土を供給し、覆土を供給した育苗器(120)を置床に押圧して敷設する育苗器の敷設方法とした。
Moreover, the invention which concerns on
また、請求項3に係る発明は、請求項1に記載の育苗器(120)の前記空間部(123)に入る下部挿入部(124a)と、下部挿入部(124a)よりも高位で育苗器(120)の前記外周縁部(122)に接触する外周接触部(124b)とを備える育苗器の押圧板とした。
Moreover, the invention which concerns on
請求項1又は請求項2に係る発明によると、育苗器(120)の空間部(123)にまで覆土を供給した状態で該育苗器(120)を上方から押圧すれば、空間部(123)に詰められた覆土により育苗器(120)の変形を防止することができ、該育苗器(120)を置床に敷設して良好な育苗を行うことができる。
According to the invention which concerns on
請求項3に係る発明によると、下部挿入部(124a)と外周接触部(124b)とにより育苗器(120)を的確に押圧することができるので、育苗器(120)の変形を防止することができ、該育苗器(120)を置床に敷設して良好な育苗を行うことができる。
According to the invention which concerns on
この発明の実施の一形態を、以下に説明する。尚、以下の実施の形態は、あくまで実施の一形態であって、特許請求の範囲を拘束するものではない。
育苗方法としては、矩形の一般的な水稲用の育苗箱(内部寸法:縦580mm、横280mm)(2)を使用し、この育苗箱(2)にケイ酸成分を有する培土を床土として10〜18mmの厚みで詰め、1箱当たり180g以上の種籾を播種し、育苗箱(2)の上端まで覆土する。この床土詰め、播種及び覆土の作業は、後述する播種機(1)により行ってもよいが、手作業にて行ってもよい。床土となる培土は、pH(ぺーハー)値を3.5〜4.0に調整した精土に、珪酸カリウムを重量比1〜5%添加して製造され、pH値が4.0〜5.5程度に上昇するのを抑え、珪酸カリウムにより根の伸長が旺盛になる。また、床土となる培土は、窒素成分量が0.25g/kg以下に抑えられている。また、別例の床土となる培土としては、硫酸又は希硫酸によりpH値を4.0〜4.5に調整した精土に、pH値が未調整で低いピートモスを容量比10〜50%添加して製造され、電気伝導度(EC値)が1.2以下にした培土がある。尚、ピートモスを添加する代わりに、硫黄華を添加し、電気伝導度(EC値)を低くしてもよい。尚、育苗するにつれて徐々に電気伝導度(EC値)は上昇する。
One embodiment of the present invention will be described below. The following embodiment is merely an embodiment and does not restrict the scope of the claims.
As a seedling raising method, a rectangular general rice seedling box (internal dimensions: 580 mm in length, 280 mm in width) (2) is used, and the seedling box having the silicic acid component in this seedling box (2) is used as a floor soil. Packed with a thickness of ˜18 mm, seeding 180 g or more of seed pods per box and covering to the upper end of the seedling box (2). The floor soil filling, sowing and covering work may be performed by a seeder (1) described later, but may be performed manually. The soil to be the floor soil is produced by adding 1 to 5% by weight of potassium silicate to the fine soil whose pH is adjusted to 3.5 to 4.0, and the pH value is 4.0 to 4.0. It suppresses the rise to about 5.5, and the root elongation is vigorous with potassium silicate. Moreover, the cultivation soil used as floor soil is restrained in the nitrogen component amount to 0.25 g / kg or less. In addition, as the soil to be used as a floor soil of another example, a peat moss having a pH value of unadjusted and low pH is adjusted to 10 to 50% in a fine soil whose pH value is adjusted to 4.0 to 4.5 with sulfuric acid or dilute sulfuric acid. There is a soil that is manufactured by adding and having an electrical conductivity (EC value) of 1.2 or less. In addition, instead of adding peat moss, sulfur white may be added to lower the electrical conductivity (EC value). Note that the electrical conductivity (EC value) gradually increases as the seedlings are grown.
また、覆土となる培土は、窒素成分量が0.25g/kg以上で且つ肥料分が0.4g/kg以上で且つ肥料の一部にコーティングが施された粒状肥料を有している。尚、コーティングが施された粒状肥料は、肥料分0.4g/kgを越える一部の肥料のみとすることが望ましい。また、覆土となる培土は、種子の酸素欠乏による発芽遅延を防止するべく、自家製の山土等による仮比重1.1以下の培土や、更に粒径1mm以下を30%以下とする培土が望ましい。この培土は、床土に使用してもよい。 Moreover, the cultivation soil used as covering soil has a granular fertilizer in which the nitrogen component amount is 0.25 g / kg or more, the fertilizer content is 0.4 g / kg or more, and a part of the fertilizer is coated. In addition, it is desirable that the granular fertilizer to which the coating is applied is only a part of the fertilizer exceeding the fertilizer content of 0.4 g / kg. In addition, the soil to be covered with soil is preferably a soil having a temporary specific gravity of 1.1 or less, such as homemade mountain soil, or a soil having a particle size of 1 mm or less and 30% or less in order to prevent germination delay due to oxygen deficiency of seeds. . This soil may be used for floor soil.
そして、播種及び覆土された育苗箱(2)は、環境制御された育苗室内で7〜10日間育苗され、乳苗が得られる。尚、密播しているにも拘らず育苗期間が長いと、苗の品質が低下するおそれがあるので、育苗期間は比較的短期間であることが望ましい。尚、床土にケイ酸成分を有しているので、発根量を増大させることができ、育苗期間が短くてもマット苗の床部の強度を得ることができると共に、苗丈に対応する乾物重量の増大を図ることができ、育苗の充実度が向上する。 Then, the seedling box (2) sowed and covered with soil is nurtured for 7 to 10 days in an environment-controlled nursery room to obtain a milk seedling. It should be noted that if the seedling period is long despite the dense seeding, the quality of the seedling may be lowered. Therefore, it is desirable that the seedling period is relatively short. In addition, since it has a silicic acid component in the floor soil, the amount of rooting can be increased, the strength of the floor portion of the mat seedling can be obtained even if the seedling raising period is short, and it corresponds to the seedling height. The dry matter weight can be increased, and the degree of seedling improvement is improved.
また、育苗期間を11〜18日にすれば、苗丈が10〜12cm程度になって乳苗と稚苗の中間あたりの苗を育苗でき、移植機での移植に適した苗丈で移植適応性が向上すると共に、根張りによりマット苗の床部の強度を得ることができる。 In addition, if the seedling period is set to 11-18 days, the seedling height will be about 10-12 cm, and seedlings in the middle of dairy seedlings and young seedlings can be nurtured, and transplantation adaptation at a seedling height suitable for transplanting with a transplanting machine In addition to improving the properties, it is possible to obtain the strength of the floor portion of the mat seedling by rooting.
また、育苗室に限らず、圃場等の屋外で育苗してもよい。また、水が貯留されたプールに育苗箱(2)を入れて底面灌水させるプール育苗を行ってもよい。プール育苗では、根張りの促進が図れ、マット苗の床部の強度を得ることができる。 Moreover, you may raise a seedling not only in a seedling room but outdoors, such as a farm field. Moreover, you may perform the pool seedling which puts a seedling box (2) in the pool in which water was stored, and makes a bottom watering. In pool seedlings, rooting can be promoted and the strength of the mat seedling floor can be obtained.
また、床土として、ピートモス又は椰子殻を容積比で50%以上含む軽量培土を用いれば、根張りの促進が図れる。
育苗箱(2)1箱当たり180g以上の多量の種籾を播種すると、種籾が上下に重なってしまうことが考えられる。そこで、種籾の長手方向(長径部)が育苗箱(2)の長手方向に向くべく、種籾の向きを揃えて育苗箱(2)へ播種すれば、種籾を上下に重ならないように効率良く育苗箱(2)の略全面に敷き詰めて播種でき、密播度合を高めることができ、発芽不良を防止して良好な育苗が行える。そして、播種した種籾が育苗箱(2)上で転がって種籾の向きが変化することを抑えるべく、覆土前となる播種直後に種籾を床土に軽く押し付けることが望ましい。これにより、種籾が床土に少し埋められ、育苗箱(2)上で種籾が転がることが防止される。尚、押付ローラを育苗箱(2)上で転がせながら種籾を押し付ければよい。更に、覆土が粒状培土であれば、播種した種籾の移動を防止できると共に、覆土後の灌水における通水性も良い。また、床土として仮比重0.8以下の軽量培土を使用すれば、播種時に種籾が床土上でバウンドしにくくなり、種籾の向きが変化することを抑える。
Further, if a light soil containing 50% or more of peat moss or coconut shell is used as the floor soil, the rooting can be promoted.
Nursery box (2) When sowing a large amount of seed pods of 180 g or more per box, the seed pods may overlap each other. Therefore, if the seed pods are sowed in the seedling box (2) so that the longitudinal direction (long diameter part) of the seed pods is directed to the longitudinal direction of the seedling box (2), seedlings can be efficiently raised so that the seed pods do not overlap vertically. The seedling can be laid and spread over almost the entire surface of the box (2), the density of dense seeding can be increased, and germination failure can be prevented and good breeding can be performed. And it is desirable to lightly press the seed pod against the floor soil immediately after sowing before covering so as to prevent the seed pod sowing from rolling on the seedling box (2) and changing the direction of the seed pod. As a result, the seed pod is slightly buried in the floor soil, and the seed pod is prevented from rolling on the seedling box (2). In addition, what is necessary is just to press a seed pod, rolling a pressing roller on the nursery box (2). Furthermore, if the covering soil is granular cultivated soil, it is possible to prevent the seed sow from moving, and water permeability in irrigation after covering is good. In addition, if a light soil having a temporary specific gravity of 0.8 or less is used as the floor soil, the seed potatoes are less likely to bounce on the floor soil at the time of sowing, and the orientation of the seed pods is prevented from changing.
ところで、苗載台上のマット状の苗の端部を受ける苗受枠を設け、苗受枠に苗取出口を設け、苗載台を苗受枠に沿って左右移動させる左右移動装置を設け、苗載台が左右移動端に到達すると苗載台上のマット状の苗を苗受枠側に移送する苗移送装置を設け、左右移動装置及び苗移送装置を作動させることにより苗取出口へ順次一株分ずつの苗を供給する構成とし、苗取出口から順次一株分ずつ苗を取って圃場に植える苗植付装置を設けた移植機(田植機)において、1回当たりの苗移送装置の移送量を6〜8.5mmに設定し、苗移送装置の苗の全長で苗を移送する移送回数(B)を66回以上確保すれば、圃場への移植に要する苗の枚数を40%以上低減させることができる。具体的には、圃場1反(10アール)当たり約6枚の苗で移植できる。尚、移植機において苗取量調節レバーを操作することにより、苗受枠の上下位置を調節して苗植付装置が取る苗の量(苗取量)を変更する構成となっているが、苗取量調節レバーと苗受枠の間の連繋を切り替え、苗取量調節レバーにより微小な苗取量でも適宜調節できる構成とすることが望ましい。また、苗取量調節レバーの操作に連動し、自動的に前後にスライドするスライド板等を利用して、苗取出口の前後方向の寸法が変更される構成とすることが望ましい。苗取出口の前後方向の寸法は、苗移送装置の移送量に対応させて8〜10mm程度に小さく設定することが望ましい。 By the way, a seedling receiving frame that receives the end of the mat-like seedling on the seedling mounting base is provided, a seedling receiving opening is provided in the seedling receiving frame, and a left and right moving device that moves the seedling mounting base left and right along the seedling receiving frame is provided. When the stand reaches the left and right moving end, a seedling transfer device is provided to transfer the mat-like seedlings on the seedling mounting platform to the seedling receiving frame side. In the transplanting machine (rice transplanter), which is configured to supply each seedling, and has a seedling planting device that takes seedlings one by one from the seedling outlet and places them on the field, the amount of seedling transfer device per transfer Is set to 6 to 8.5 mm, and if the number of transfers (B) for transferring seedlings with the full length of the seedlings of the seedling transfer device is secured 66 times or more, the number of seedlings required for transplanting to the field is reduced by 40% or more. be able to. Specifically, about 6 seedlings can be transplanted per 1 field (10 are). It should be noted that, by operating the seedling amount adjustment lever in the transplanter, the vertical position of the seedling receiving frame is adjusted to change the amount of seedling (seeding amount) taken by the seedling planting device. It is desirable that the connection between the harvesting adjustment lever and the seedling receiving frame is switched and a small seedling harvesting amount can be appropriately adjusted by the seedling harvesting adjustment lever. In addition, it is desirable that the size in the front-rear direction of the seedling outlet is changed using a slide plate or the like that automatically slides back and forth in conjunction with the operation of the seedling collection amount adjusting lever. It is desirable to set the size of the seedling outlet in the front-rear direction to be as small as about 8 to 10 mm corresponding to the transfer amount of the seedling transfer device.
また、左右移動装置によりマット状の苗の左右全幅で一株分の苗を供給する移動回数(A)は、24〜28回とするのが望ましい。尚、この移動回数(A)及び移送回数(B)の設定により、一株分で苗の本数は3〜5本になる。また、播種量を育苗箱(2)1箱当たり220gに設定し、育苗期間を20〜25日間として稚苗を育苗し、圃場へ移植してもよい。 Moreover, it is desirable that the number of movements (A) in which one seedling is supplied in the full width of the mat-like seedling by the left / right moving device is 24 to 28 times. In addition, the number of seedlings will be 3-5 for one strain by setting the number of times of movement (A) and the number of times of transfer (B). Alternatively, the seeding amount may be set to 220 g per seedling box (2), the seedling period may be set to 20 to 25 days, and the seedlings may be grown and transplanted to a field.
次に、育苗箱(2)の1箱当たりに必要な種籾の重量(X)を演算して表示する播種量表示装置について説明する。この播種量表示装置は、移動回数(A)と、移送回数(B)と、一株当たりの所望の苗の本数(C)と、種籾の単位粒数(1000粒)当たりの重量(e)を入力する構成となっている。移動回数(A)と移送回数(B)と苗の本数(C)を乗じた値(A×B×C)により、苗1枚当たり必要な苗の総本数が得られる。但し、播種した種籾のうちの一部は発芽せず又は発芽しても苗にまで成長しないことがあるので、播種した種籾から成長した苗が得られる割合である苗立ち率(d)を予め設定しておき、前記の乗じた値を苗立ち率(d)で除した値(A×B×C÷d)を必要な苗の総本数(M)とする。尚、移送回数(B)に代えて、苗移送装置の移送量(b)を入力し、苗の長手方向の全長(580mm)を移送量(b)で除した値から移送回数(B)を得る構成としてもよい。この際、苗移送装置の苗移送ベルトのスリップ等を考慮して、補正値(b’)を減じた移送量(b−b’)に基づいて演算する構成としてもよい。 Next, a sowing amount display device that calculates and displays the weight (X) of seed pods necessary for one seedling box (2) will be described. This seeding amount display device includes the number of transfers (A), the number of transfers (B), the desired number of seedlings per strain (C), and the weight per unit grain number (1000 grains) of seed pods (e). Is input. The total number of seedlings required per seedling is obtained by a value (A × B × C) obtained by multiplying the number of movements (A), the number of transfers (B), and the number of seedlings (C). However, since some of the sowed seed pods do not germinate or may germinate even if they germinate, the seedling establishment rate (d), which is the ratio at which seedlings grown from the sowed seed pods, are obtained in advance. A value (A × B × C ÷ d) obtained by dividing the value multiplied by the seedling establishment rate (d) is set as the total number of necessary seedlings (M). In place of the number of transfers (B), the transfer amount (b) of the seedling transfer device is input, and the transfer number (B) is calculated from the value obtained by dividing the total length (580 mm) of the seedling in the longitudinal direction by the transfer amount (b). It is good also as a structure to obtain. In this case, the calculation may be performed based on the transfer amount (b−b ′) obtained by subtracting the correction value (b ′) in consideration of the slip of the seedling transfer belt of the seedling transfer device.
また、播種する種籾は、催芽処理が施されており、水分を吸水して重量が増大するので、催芽したときに種籾が水分を吸水して重量が増大する状態の増大重量率(f)を予め設定する。そして、前述の苗の総本数(M)に種籾の単位粒数(1000粒)当たりの重量(e)と増大重量率(f)を乗じ、前記単位粒数(1000粒)を除した値(M×e×f÷1000)を、育苗箱(2)の1箱当たりに必要な種籾の重量(X)とする。 In addition, the seed pods to be seeded are subjected to sprouting treatment and absorb water to increase the weight. Therefore, when the seed sprouting, the seed pods absorb water to increase the weight and increase the weight ratio (f). Set in advance. Then, the value obtained by multiplying the total number of seedlings (M) by the weight (e) per unit number of seed grains (1000 grains) and the increased weight ratio (f), and dividing the number of unit grains (1000 grains) ( M × e × f ÷ 1000) is defined as the weight (X) of the seed pod necessary per box of the seedling box (2).
以上の演算を演算式にまとめると、X=(A×B×C×e×f)/(d×1000)となる。具体例を示すと、移動回数(A)=28、移送回数(B)=64.4、苗の本数(C)=3.5、苗立ち率(d)=0.95、重量(e)=30g、増大重量率(f)=1.25としたとき、育苗箱(2)の1箱当たりに必要な種籾の重量(播種量)(X)は、(28×64.4×3.5×30×1.25)/(0.95×1000)=約249gとなる。 Summarizing the above calculation into an arithmetic expression, X = (A × B × C × e × f) / (d × 1000). Specifically, the number of movements (A) = 28, the number of transfers (B) = 64.4, the number of seedlings (C) = 3.5, the seedling establishment rate (d) = 0.95, and the weight (e). = 30 g, weight increase rate (f) = 1.25 When the seedling weight (seeding amount) (X) necessary per seedling box (2) is (28 × 64.4 × 3. 5 × 30 × 1.25) / (0.95 × 1000) = about 249 g.
この播種量表示装置を携帯型のものとし、播種量表示装置の入力スイッチにより、移動回数(A)と、移送回数(B)と、一株当たりの所望の苗の本数(C)と、種籾の単位粒数(1000粒)当たりの重量(e)を入力するだけで、播種量表示装置のコントローラが演算し、表示画面に育苗箱(2)の1箱当たりに必要な種籾の重量(播種量)(X)が表示される構成とする。これにより、作業者は、最適な播種量を容易に認識でき、播種量の不足で圃場での移植時に植付欠株が発生することを防止すると共に、過度の密播により育苗が不適正になることを防止でき、播種精度の向上が図れる。この播種量表示装置は、携帯型にする他、後述する播種機(1)に装備させたり、移植機に装備させたりすることができる。 This seeding amount display device is a portable type, and the number of movements (A), the number of transfer times (B), the number of desired seedlings per strain (C), and seed pods by the input switch of the seeding amount display device Just input the weight (e) per unit grain number (1000 grains), the controller of the sowing amount display device calculates, and the display screen shows the weight of sowing seeds required per seedling box (2) (seeding) (Amount) (X) is displayed. As a result, the operator can easily recognize the optimum seeding amount, prevent the seeding amount from growing due to insufficient seeding, and prevent seedlings from being improperly seeded by excessive dense seeding. So that the sowing accuracy can be improved. The seeding amount display device can be mounted on a seeder (1), which will be described later, or on a transplanter, in addition to being portable.
尚、播種密度を高めて密植状のマット苗を育苗し、田植機(移植機)での1株当たりの植付本数を少なくするとき、芽や根を多少伸ばしたはと胸状態の種籾を播種するが、播種前に種籾の根切り及び芽切りを行う種籾前処理装置を構成してもよい。これにより、ホルモン(エチレン)の要因により徒長を抑え、健苗が得られる。尚、乳苗を育苗する際に播種する場合も、播種前に種籾の根切り及び芽切りを行うと同様の効果が得られる。播種時の種籾の芽の長さは、5〜15mmの範囲とすることが望ましい。 In addition, when raising the seeding density and raising densely planted mat seedlings and reducing the number of planting per plant with a rice transplanter (transplanter), buds and roots are slightly stretched and breast seeds are grown. Although the sowing is performed, a seed pod pretreatment apparatus that performs root cutting and bud cutting of the seed pod before sowing may be configured. As a result, the pupae length is suppressed by the factor of hormone (ethylene), and healthy seedlings are obtained. In the case of sowing when raising a seedling, the same effect can be obtained by root cutting and bud cutting of the seed pod before sowing. The length of the seed buds at the time of sowing is preferably in the range of 5 to 15 mm.
この種籾前処理装置は、上部の供給口から水と共に投入される種籾を下部に送る昇降コンベアベルトと、昇降コンベアベルトで送られた種籾を複数の回転盤で根切り及び芽切りを行いながら搬送する処理胴と、処理胴から送られた種籾を脱水する脱水部とを備えている。種籾を水と共に搬送するので、種籾の搬送を円滑に行え、種籾の損傷を防止すると共に、根や芽の粘りを除去できる。また、脱水部により、種籾の乾燥時間を短縮でき、作業能率の向上が図れる。尚、脱水部又は処理胴の搬送下手側端部近くには、排水口を設けている。昇降コンベアベルトの駆動モータは供給口近くとなる昇降コンベアベルトの上部に配置され、処理胴の駆動モータは処理胴の上側に配置され、各々の駆動モータに水がかからないようにしている。尚、処理胴と脱水部との間に種籾を一時的に貯留する貯留部を設け、連続運転が可能な構成とすることが望ましい。 This seed vase pre-treatment device conveys the seed vase that is put together with water from the upper supply port to the lower part, and conveys the seed vase sent by the elevating conveyor belt while performing root cutting and bud cutting with a plurality of rotating disks And a dehydrating unit for dewatering the seeds sent from the processing cylinder. Since the seed pods are transported with water, the seed pods can be transported smoothly, the seed pods are prevented from being damaged, and the stickiness of the roots and buds can be removed. In addition, the dehydration section can shorten the drying time of the seed meal and improve the work efficiency. A drain outlet is provided near the lower end of the dewatering unit or processing cylinder on the lower conveyance side. The drive motor for the elevating conveyor belt is arranged on the upper side of the elevating conveyor belt near the supply port, and the drive motor for the process cylinder is arranged on the upper side of the process cylinder so that water is not applied to each drive motor. In addition, it is desirable to provide a storage unit that temporarily stores seed soot between the processing cylinder and the dewatering unit so that continuous operation is possible.
異なる種籾前処理装置として、多数の種籾を貯留したタンク内から硬質ブラシや摩擦板等の繰出装置により種籾どうしを摩擦させながら繰り出し、芽や根を損傷させる構成とすることができる。この種籾前処理装置から繰り出される種籾が後述する播種機(1)の播種装置(7)の種子タンク(68)へ供給されるように、種籾前処理装置を種子タンク(68)の上方に設けた構成とすることができる。 As a different soy seed pretreatment device, the seeds can be fed while being rubbed against each other by a feeding device such as a hard brush or a friction plate from a tank in which a large number of soy seeds are stored, and the buds and roots can be damaged. The seed pod pretreatment device is provided above the seed tank (68) so that the seed pod fed out from this seed pod pretreatment device is supplied to the seed tank (68) of the seeding device (7) of the seeding machine (1) described later. Can be configured.
次に、床土詰め、播種及び覆土の作業を行う播種機(1)について説明する。播種機(1)は、育苗箱(2)を一方向に搬送する搬送経路(3)を備え、該搬送経路(3)上に支持され該搬送経路(3)に沿って該搬送経路(3)の上手側から順に、上下に複数枚に積み重ねられた育苗箱(2)を下側から順に繰り出して搬送経路(3)上に供給する育苗箱供給装置(4)と、育苗箱(2)に床土を詰める床土詰装置(6)と、床土を詰めた育苗箱(2)に灌水する灌水装置(29)と、育苗箱(2)に播種する播種装置(7)と、育苗箱(2)に覆土する覆土装置(8)を設けている。尚、育苗箱供給装置(4)及び床土詰装置(6)及び播種装置(7)及び覆土装置(8)の各々の装置は、他の装置と独立して単独で設置できるように前後左右計4本の脚部(9,10)で支持されている。尚、覆土装置(8)の前側の左右の脚部(10)には上下に回動するアーム(11)を介して該脚部(10)の下端より下方に突出させることができる車輪(12)を各々取り付けており、該車輪(12)を下方に突出させ播種機(1)を持ち上げて他の脚部(9)を地面から浮かせることにより、播種機(1)を容易に移動させることができる。 Next, a seeding machine (1) that performs flooring, seeding, and covering work will be described. The seeder (1) includes a transport path (3) for transporting the seedling box (2) in one direction, and is supported on the transport path (3) and along the transport path (3). ) In order from the upper side, the seedling box supply device (4) for feeding the seedling boxes (2) stacked in a plurality of layers up and down in order from the lower side and feeding them onto the transport path (3), and the seedling box (2) A floor soil filling device (6) for stuffing floor soil, an irrigation device (29) for irrigating a seedling box (2) stuffed with floor soil, a seeding device (7) for seeding the seedling box (2), and seedling raising A covering device (8) for covering the box (2) is provided. Each of the seedling box supply device (4), the floor soil filling device (6), the seeding device (7), and the soil covering device (8) can be installed independently, independently of the other devices. It is supported by a total of four legs (9, 10). The left and right leg portions (10) on the front side of the soil covering device (8) can be protruded downward from the lower ends of the leg portions (10) via the arms (11) that rotate vertically. ) Are attached, and the seeding machine (1) is easily moved by lifting the seeding machine (1) by lifting the wheel (12) downward and lifting the other leg (9) from the ground. Can do.
搬送経路(3)は、左右の搬送ガイド(15)で構成され、この左右の搬送ガイド(15)の間で長手方向を前後に向けた育苗箱(2)を搬送する構成となっている。搬送経路(3)には、駆動するコンベアとして、ベルト式の育苗箱搬送コンベアである育苗箱供給部搬送コンベア(16)及び床土詰部搬送コンベア(17)と、ローラ式の育苗箱搬送コンベアである播種部搬送コンベア(18)及び覆土部搬送コンベア(28)を備えている。そして、非駆動でフリーで回転するローラ式のコンベアとして、育苗箱供給部搬送コンベア(16)と床土詰部搬送コンベア(17)の間に床土詰前コンベア(62)を設け、床土詰部搬送コンベア(17)と播種部搬送コンベア(18)の間に灌水部コンベア(63)を設け、播種部搬送コンベア(18)と覆土部搬送コンベア(28)の間に覆土前コンベア(64)を設け、覆土部搬送コンベア(28)の後側に育苗箱取出コンベア(75)を設けている。 A conveyance path | route (3) is comprised by the left-right conveyance guide (15), and becomes a structure which conveys the seedling box (2) which orient | assigned the longitudinal direction back and forth between this left-right conveyance guide (15). In the conveyance path (3), as a conveyor to be driven, a seedling box supply conveyor (16) and a floor soiling section conveyance conveyor (17) which are belt type seedling box conveyance conveyors, and a roller type seedling box conveyance conveyor The seeding part conveyance conveyor (18) and the soil covering part conveyance conveyor (28) which are these are provided. Then, as a roller-type conveyor that is driven and rotated freely, a pre-flooring conveyor (62) is provided between the nursery box supply unit transporting conveyor (16) and the floor soiling unit transporting conveyor (17). An irrigation section conveyor (63) is provided between the filling section transport conveyor (17) and the sowing section transport conveyor (18), and the pre-soil covering conveyor (64) is provided between the sowing section transport conveyor (18) and the soil covering section transport conveyor (28). ) And a seedling box take-out conveyor (75) is provided on the rear side of the soil covering section conveyor (28).
育苗箱供給装置(4)は、上下に複数枚に積み重ねられた育苗箱群を下側から受ける下受板(34)と、前記育苗箱群の下から2枚目の育苗箱(2)を下側から受ける上受板(35)と、育苗箱群の最下位の育苗箱(2)を強制的に下方へ落とす落とし板(36)とを備え、人手等により上受板(35)上に供給された育苗箱群を先ず下受板(34)上に引き継ぎ、上受板(35)で育苗箱群の下から2枚目の育苗箱(2)から上側の育苗箱(2)を支持した状態で下受板(34)による育苗箱群の最下位の育苗箱(2)の支持を解除し、その状態で落とし板(36)が最下位の育苗箱(2)を上側から下方に押して育苗箱群から分離して落下させて繰り出して育苗箱供給部搬送コンベア(16)上に供給し、以下この作動工程を繰り返すことにより育苗箱群の下側の育苗箱(2)から順に育苗箱供給部搬送コンベア(16)上に供給する構成となっている。尚、下受板(34)、上受板(35)及び落とし板(36)は、育苗箱群に作用する各々の部分が前後方向で重複しないように各々育苗箱群の前後左右4箇所に設けられ、育苗箱群の左右外側から作用し、育苗箱供給部搬送コンベア(16)の作動に連動し、育苗箱供給部搬送コンベア(16)上において先に供給した育苗箱(2)と次に供給する育苗箱(2)との間に隙間が生じないように作動する。伝動構成について説明すると、育苗箱供給モータ(94)に設けた出力スプロケット(95)から搬送伝動チェーン(96)及び駆動スプロケット(38)へ伝動し、該駆動スプロケット(38)と一体回転する搬送上手側のローラ(37)を介して育苗箱供給部搬送コンベア(16)を駆動する。そして、駆動スプロケット(38)からチェーン(39)及び従動スプロケット(40)を介して第一のカウンタ軸(41)へ伝動し、該第一のカウンタ軸(41)と一体回転する駆動スプロケット(42)からチェーン(43)、従動スプロケット(44)及び一方向クラッチを介して第二のカウンタ軸(45)へ伝動し、該第二のカウンタ軸(45)の左右両端部に設けた駆動ベベルギヤ(46)から従動ベベルギヤ(47)を介して左右各々の落とし用軸(48)を互いに反対側に駆動回転させる。この落とし用軸(48)と落とし板(36)とが一体回転し、落とし板(36)が左右内側で下側に移行する方向に回転する。また、落とし用軸(48)の他端部からアーム(49,51)及びリンク(50)等を介して落とし用軸(48)の上方に位置する各々の受板用軸(52)を所定角度範囲内で揺動させ、該受板用軸(52)と一体回転する下受板(34)及び上受板(35)を揺動させ、下受板(34)と上受板(35)とを育苗箱群に交互に作用させて、育苗箱群を順次下降させる。また、第二のカウンタ軸(45)を手動で回転させるための手動供給操作具となる手動供給レバー(53)を設けており、該手動供給レバー(53)により作業者が任意に育苗箱供給部搬送コンベア(16)上に育苗箱(2)を落下させて供給することができる。 The seedling box supply device (4) includes a receiving plate (34) for receiving a group of seedling boxes stacked from above and below from the lower side and a second seedling box (2) from the bottom of the seedling box group. An upper receiving plate (35) received from the lower side and a dropping plate (36) for forcibly dropping the lowest raising seedling box (2) of the nursery box group on the upper receiving plate (35) manually. The seedling box group supplied to the first is handed over to the lower receiving plate (34), and the upper receiving plate (35) is moved from the second seedling box (2) to the upper nursery box (2) from the lower seedling box group. In the supported state, the support of the lowermost seedling box (2) of the seedling box group by the lower receiving plate (34) is released, and in this state, the dropping board (36) lowers the lowermost seedling box (2) from above The seedling box is separated from the group of seedling boxes, dropped and fed out and fed onto the seedling box supply section conveyor (16). It has become lower nursery box the nursery box group from (2) and supplies constructed on nursery box supplying unit conveyor (16) in order by. The lower receiving plate (34), the upper receiving plate (35), and the drop plate (36) are arranged at four positions on the front, rear, left and right sides of the seedling box group so that the respective parts acting on the seedling box group do not overlap in the front-rear direction. The seedling box (2) previously provided on the nursery box supply unit transport conveyor (16), which is provided and operates from the left and right outer sides of the seedling box group, is linked to the operation of the nursery box supply unit transport conveyor (16), and the next It operates so that there is no gap between it and the seedling box (2) to be fed. The transmission structure will be described. Power is transmitted from the output sprocket (95) provided in the seedling box supply motor (94) to the transport transmission chain (96) and the drive sprocket (38), and the transport sprocket is rotated integrally with the drive sprocket (38). The nursery box supply unit transport conveyor (16) is driven via the roller (37) on the side. Then, the drive sprocket (42) is transmitted from the drive sprocket (38) to the first counter shaft (41) through the chain (39) and the driven sprocket (40) and rotates integrally with the first counter shaft (41). ) From the chain (43), the driven sprocket (44) and the one-way clutch to the second countershaft (45), and drive bevel gears provided on the left and right ends of the second countershaft (45) ( 46), the left and right dropping shafts (48) are driven to rotate opposite to each other via the driven bevel gear (47). The dropping shaft (48) and the dropping plate (36) rotate as a unit, and the dropping plate (36) rotates in the direction of moving downward on the left and right inner sides. Further, each receiving plate shaft (52) positioned above the dropping shaft (48) from the other end of the dropping shaft (48) via the arm (49, 51), the link (50) and the like is predetermined. The lower receiving plate (34) and the upper receiving plate (35) that are swung within the angular range and rotate integrally with the receiving plate shaft (52) are swung, and the lower receiving plate (34) and the upper receiving plate (35) are swung. ) Are alternately applied to the seedling box group, and the seedling box group is sequentially lowered. Further, a manual supply lever (53) serving as a manual supply operation tool for manually rotating the second counter shaft (45) is provided, and the manual supply lever (53) allows the operator to arbitrarily supply the seedling box. The nursery box (2) can be dropped and supplied onto the partial transport conveyor (16).
床土詰装置(6)は、床土となる培土を貯留する床土タンク(54)と、該床土タンク(54)内の床土を所定量ずつ繰り出して育苗箱(2)へ落下させて供給する床土繰出具となる床土繰出ベルト(55)と、育苗箱(2)上で溢れる床土を均す均平具となる均平ブラシ(19)と、育苗箱(2)内に突入して床土を鎮圧する床土鎮圧具となる床土鎮圧ローラ(57)と、床土繰出ベルト(55)上の隙間を調節して床土の繰出量を変更調節する床土量調節具となる床土量調節レバーを備え、床土繰出ベルト(55)が床土を供給する搬送経路(3)上の床土詰位置の搬送下手側に均平ブラシ(19)が位置し、均平ブラシ(19)の搬送下手側に床土鎮圧ローラ(57)が位置する。床土詰装置(6)の伝動構成について説明すると、床土繰出モータ(20)により床土繰出ベルト(55)が駆動し、該床土繰出ベルト(55)から歯車伝動機構を介して均平ブラシ(19)が駆動する。また、床土詰搬送モータ(21)に設けた出力スプロケット(97)から搬送伝動チェーン(59)を介して駆動スプロケット(60)へ伝動し、該駆動スプロケット(60)と一体回転する搬送下手側のローラ(61)により床土詰部搬送コンベア(17)を駆動する。尚、均平ブラシ(19)と床土繰出ベルト(55)とが互いに逆方向に回転するようになっている。尚、床土繰出モータ(20)又は床土詰搬送モータ(21)の一方の駆動で、床土繰出ベルト(55)と均平ブラシ(19)と床土詰部搬送コンベア(17)へ伝動する構成としてもよい。 The floor soil filling device (6) feeds a predetermined amount of the floor soil tank (54) for storing the soil to be used as the floor soil, and drops it into the nursery box (2). Floor soil feeding belt (55) serving as a floor soil feeding tool to be supplied, a leveling brush (19) serving as a leveling tool for leveling floor soil overflowing on the nursery box (2), and a seedling box (2) The floor soil pressure roller (57), which is a floor soil pressure reducing tool that rushes into the floor and compresses the floor soil, and the amount of floor soil that changes and adjusts the amount of floor soil delivered by adjusting the clearance on the floor soil delivery belt (55) A leveling brush (19) is provided on the lower conveyance side of the floor soiling position on the conveyance path (3) on which the floor soil supply belt (55) supplies the floor soil. The floor soil pressure reducing roller (57) is positioned on the lower conveyance side of the leveling brush (19). The transmission structure of the floor soil filling device (6) will be described. The floor soil feeding belt (55) is driven by the floor soil feeding motor (20), and the floor soil feeding belt (55) is leveled through a gear transmission mechanism. The brush (19) is driven. In addition, the lower side of the transport that is transmitted from the output sprocket (97) provided in the floor soil transport motor (21) to the drive sprocket (60) via the transport transmission chain (59) and rotates integrally with the drive sprocket (60). The floor soiling section conveyor (17) is driven by the roller (61). The leveling brush (19) and the floor soil feeding belt (55) rotate in opposite directions. In addition, it is transmitted to a floor soil feeding belt (55), a leveling brush (19), and a floor soiling portion transport conveyor (17) by driving one of the floor soil feeding motor (20) or the floor soil transporting motor (21). It is good also as composition to do.
播種装置(7)は、播種する種子(種籾)を貯留する種子タンク(68)と、該種子タンク(68)内の種子を間欠的に所定量ずつ繰り出して育苗箱(2)へ落下させて播種位置で供給する外周に所定のピッチで複数の繰出溝を備える種子繰出具となる種子繰出ローラ(69)と、該種子繰出ローラ(69)の外周面に接触して該種子繰出ローラ(69)の繰出溝から不適な種子を除去する除去ブラシ(70)と、種子繰出ローラ(69)に臨む種子タンク(68)の出口の隙間を調節して種子繰出ローラ(69)への種子の供給状態を変更調節する種子供給調節具となる種子供給調節ハンドル(72)を備える。よって、該種子供給調節ハンドル(72)で調節される種子タンク(68)の出口から種子繰出ローラ(69)の繰出溝に種子が供給され、種子繰出ローラ(69)の回転により該繰出溝が上方へ移動することにより該繰出溝で所定量の種子を移送し、芒、枝梗が付いた種子や芽の伸び過ぎた種子等の播種に不適な種子を繰出溝から除去し、該繰出溝は種子繰出ローラ(69)の回転により下方へ移動してその下死点位置(播種位置(H))で育苗箱(2)に種子を落下供給する構成となっている。尚、種子繰出ローラ(69)の外周における除去ブラシ(70)から播種位置(H)の間には、繰出溝から種子が落下しないように案内する案内板を設けている。 The seeding device (7) has a seed tank (68) for storing seeds to be seeded (seed seeds), and intermittently feeds the seeds in the seed tank (68) by a predetermined amount and drops them into the seedling box (2). A seed feeding roller (69) serving as a seed feeding tool having a plurality of feeding grooves at a predetermined pitch on the outer periphery supplied at the sowing position, and the seed feeding roller (69 in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the seed feeding roller (69) ) Of the removal brush (70) for removing unsuitable seeds from the feeding groove and the supply of seeds to the seed feeding roller (69) by adjusting the clearance between the outlet of the seed tank (68) facing the seed feeding roller (69) A seed supply adjustment handle (72) serving as a seed supply adjustment tool for changing and adjusting the state is provided. Therefore, seeds are supplied from the outlet of the seed tank (68) adjusted by the seed supply adjusting handle (72) to the feeding groove of the seed feeding roller (69), and the feeding groove is turned by rotation of the seed feeding roller (69). By moving upward, a predetermined amount of seed is transferred in the feeding groove, and seeds unsuitable for sowing such as seeds with pods, branch stems or seeds with excessive buds are removed from the feeding groove, and the feeding groove Is moved downward by the rotation of the seed feeding roller (69), and drops seeds to the seedling box (2) at the bottom dead center position (seeding position (H)). A guide plate is provided between the removal brush (70) and the sowing position (H) on the outer periphery of the seed feeding roller (69) so as to prevent the seed from dropping from the feeding groove.
尚、一般的に種子繰出ローラ(69)の繰出溝は、左右方向(種子繰出ローラ(69)の回転軸心方向)に長い溝で種子繰出ローラ(69)の外周に複数配列された構成となっている。種籾の長手方向(長径部)が育苗箱(2)の長手方向に向くべく、種籾の向きを揃えて育苗箱(2)へ播種する際は、種子繰出ローラ(69)の繰出溝を、前後方向(種子繰出ローラ(69)の回転外周方向)に長い溝で左右に複数配列した構成とすれば、種籾の長手方向(長径部)が繰出溝の方向(前後方向)に沿い、所望の向きで種籾を播種できる。 In general, a plurality of feeding grooves of the seed feeding roller (69) are arranged on the outer periphery of the seed feeding roller (69) with a long groove in the left-right direction (the direction of the rotation axis of the seed feeding roller (69)). It has become. When seeding the seedling box (2) with the orientation of the seed pod aligned so that the longitudinal direction (long diameter part) of the seed pod is directed to the longitudinal direction of the seedling box (2), the feeding groove of the seed feeding roller (69) If the configuration is such that a plurality of grooves are arranged on the left and right with long grooves in the direction (the direction of rotation of the seed feeding roller (69)), the longitudinal direction (longer diameter portion) of the seed potato is along the direction of the feeding groove (front-rear direction) and the desired direction You can sow seed pods.
また、播種直後に種籾を床土に軽く押し付ける際は、押付ローラを播種位置(H)の直後に設け、押付ローラにより種籾を押し付ける構成とすればよい。
播種装置(7)の伝動構成について説明すると、播種モータ(65)に設けた出力スプロケット(66)から繰出伝動チェーン(67)を介して種子繰出ローラ(69)へ伝動され、前記出力スプロケット(66)から第一除去チェーン(73)及び第二除去チェーン(74)を介して除去ブラシ(70)へ伝動され、前記出力スプロケット(66)から搬送伝動チェーン(71)を介して播種部搬送コンベア(18)の搬送下手側のローラ(75)へ伝動し、該搬送下手側のローラ(75)からチェーン(77)を介して搬送上手側のローラ(76)へ伝動する。尚、搬送上手側のローラ(76)と搬送下手側のローラ(75)の間に、種子繰出ローラ(69)が種子を繰り出して供給する播種位置(H)がある。尚、除去ブラシ(70)及び播種部搬送コンベア(18)と種子繰出ローラ(69)とが互いに逆方向に回転するべく、第一除去チェーン(73)と搬送伝動チェーン(71)を側面視で交差するように巻き掛けている。尚、種子繰出ローラ(69)の外周部において除去ブラシ(70)の位置と播種位置との間には、繰出溝から種子が脱落しないように該繰出溝を覆うガイド体を設けている。
In addition, when the seed potato is lightly pressed against the soil immediately after sowing, a pressing roller may be provided immediately after the sowing position (H), and the seed potato may be pressed by the pressing roller.
The transmission configuration of the seeding device (7) will be described. The output sprocket (66) provided in the seeding motor (65) is transmitted to the seed feeding roller (69) through the feeding transmission chain (67), and the output sprocket (66) ) To the removal brush (70) via the first removal chain (73) and the second removal chain (74), and from the output sprocket (66) to the seeding part conveyance conveyor (71) via the conveyance transmission chain (71). 18) is transmitted to the roller (75) on the lower conveyance side, and is transmitted from the roller (75) on the lower conveyance side to the roller (76) on the upper conveyance side via the chain (77). There is a seeding position (H) between the roller (76) on the upper conveyance side and the roller (75) on the lower conveyance side, where the seed feeding roller (69) feeds and supplies seeds. In addition, the first removal chain (73) and the conveyance transmission chain (71) are viewed in a side view so that the removal brush (70) and the sowing part conveyance conveyor (18) and the seed feeding roller (69) rotate in opposite directions. It is wrapped around to intersect. A guide body that covers the feeding groove is provided between the position of the removal brush (70) and the sowing position on the outer periphery of the seed feeding roller (69) so that the seed does not fall off from the feeding groove.
覆土装置(8)は、覆土となる培土を貯留する覆土タンク(84)と、該覆土タンク(84)内の覆土を所定量ずつ繰り出して育苗箱(2)へ落下させて覆土位置で供給する覆土繰出具となる覆土繰出ベルト(85)と、育苗箱(2)上で溢れる覆土を均す均平具となる均平板(86)と、覆土繰出ベルト(85)上の隙間を調節して覆土の繰出量を変更調節する覆土量調節具となる覆土量調節レバーとを備え、覆土繰出ベルト(85)が覆土を供給する搬送経路(3)上の覆土位置の搬送下手側に均平板(86)が位置する。覆土装置(8)の伝動構成について説明すると、覆土モータ(78)により覆土繰出ベルト(85)が駆動し、覆土モータ(78)に設けた出力スプロケット(79)から搬送伝動チェーン(80)を介して覆土部搬送コンベア(28)の搬送下手側のローラ(81)へ伝動し、該搬送下手側のローラ(81)からチェーン(98)を介して搬送上手側のローラ(82)へ伝動する。尚、搬送上手側のローラ(82)と搬送下手側のローラ(81)の間に、覆土位置がある。尚、覆土繰出ベルト(85)と覆土部搬送コンベア(28)とが互いに逆方向に回転するべく、搬送伝動チェーン(80)を側面視で交差するように巻き掛けている。 The soil covering device (8) feeds the soil covering in the soil covering tank (84) for storing the soil to be covered with soil and the soil covering in the soil covering tank (84) by a predetermined amount to the seedling box (2) and supplies it at the soil covering position. Adjusting the gap on the soil covering feeding belt (85), the leveling plate (86) serving as a leveling device for leveling the soil covering overflowing on the nursery box (2), and the clearance on the soil covering feeding belt (85) A soil covering amount adjusting lever that serves as a soil covering amount adjusting tool for changing and adjusting the amount of covering soil, and a leveling plate (8) on the transport lower side of the soil covering position on the transport path (3) on which the soil covering belt (85) supplies the soil covering. 86) is located. The transmission configuration of the soil covering device (8) will be described. The soil covering belt (85) is driven by the soil covering motor (78), and the output sprocket (79) provided on the soil covering motor (78) is passed through the transport transmission chain (80). Then, it is transmitted to the roller (81) on the lower conveyance side of the soil covering section conveyance conveyor (28), and is transmitted from the roller (81) on the lower conveyance side to the roller (82) on the upper conveyance side through the chain (98). There is a soil covering position between the roller (82) on the upper conveyance side and the roller (81) on the lower conveyance side. In addition, the conveyance transmission chain (80) is wound so that it may cross | intersect in a side view so that a covering soil supply belt (85) and a covering soil conveyance conveyor (28) may rotate in a mutually reverse direction.
覆土装置(8)の前側の脚部(10)には、育苗箱搬送コンベアを手動で回転させるための操作具となる手動搬送ハンドル(92)をフック(93)を介して保持している。この手動搬送ハンドル(92)により、播種装置(7)で播種をしている途中で故障で播種機(1)が停止したときや播種作業を終了するために播種機(1)を停止させたとき、手動で育苗箱(2)を搬送して該育苗箱(2)を播種機(1)から容易に取り出すことができる。 On the front leg (10) of the soil covering device (8), a manual transfer handle (92) serving as an operation tool for manually rotating the nursery box transfer conveyor is held via a hook (93). With this manual transfer handle (92), the seeder (1) was stopped when the seeder (1) stopped due to a failure during the sowing with the seeder (7) or to end the seeding operation. At this time, the nursery box (2) can be manually conveyed and the nursery box (2) can be easily taken out from the seeder (1).
灌水装置(29)は、灌水部コンベア(63)の上側に設けられ、灌水部コンベア(63)の左右の搬送ガイド(15)から各々立ち上がる左右の支持フレーム(100)を設け、左右に配列される複数のノズルを備える左右に延びる灌水パイプ(99)を、左右の支持フレーム(100)で両持ち支持している。該灌水パイプ(99)すなわち灌水位置は、灌水部コンベア(63)の搬送上手寄りの位置に配置されている。 The irrigation device (29) is provided on the upper side of the irrigation unit conveyor (63), and is provided with left and right support frames (100) respectively rising from the left and right conveyance guides (15) of the irrigation unit conveyor (63), and is arranged on the left and right. The left and right irrigation pipes (99) having a plurality of nozzles are both supported by the left and right support frames (100). The irrigation pipe (99), that is, the irrigation position, is arranged at a position closer to the conveyance of the irrigation unit conveyor (63).
床土詰前コンベア(62)及び灌水部コンベア(63)及び覆土前コンベア(64)及び育苗箱取出コンベア(75)の各々のコンベアは、左右の搬送ガイド(15)の前後端部で搬送上手側及び搬送下手側の装置に嵌る嵌合部材(101)により、播種機(1)本体に対して独立して個別に着脱可能に設けられている。従って、灌水部コンベア(63)を播種装置(7)と覆土装置(8)の間に組み付けることにより、播種装置(7)と覆土装置(8)の間に灌水装置(29)を配置することができる。あるいは、灌水部コンベア(63)を覆土装置(8)の後側に組み付けることにより、覆土後に灌水する構成とすることもできる。 Each conveyor of the pre-flooring conveyor (62), the irrigation section conveyor (63), the pre-soiling conveyor (64), and the nursery box take-out conveyor (75) is well transported at the front and rear ends of the left and right transport guides (15). By the fitting member (101) which fits into the apparatus of the side and conveyance lower side, it is provided so that attachment or detachment is possible independently with respect to the seeder (1) main body. Therefore, the irrigation device (29) is arranged between the sowing device (7) and the soil covering device (8) by assembling the irrigation part conveyor (63) between the seeding device (7) and the soil covering device (8). Can do. Or it can also be set as the structure which irrigates after soil covering by assembling the irrigation part conveyor (63) to the back side of the soil covering apparatus (8).
播種装置(7)と覆土装置(8)の間に灌水装置(29)を配置する際は、灌水装置(29)と覆土装置(8)の間隔が十分に得られるように、覆土前コンベア(64)を灌水部コンベア(63)の後側に組み付けたり、灌水装置(29)の後側に組み付けられる覆土前コンベア(64)を長いコンベアに交換したりすることが望ましい。これにより、床土に吸水性の悪い田土を使用しても、灌水装置(29)の灌水を床土に浸透させることができ、床土の上面の水がひいた状態で覆土できるので、播種した種籾が酸素欠乏状態になりにくく、安定した発芽率が得られる。また、覆土前コンベア(64)を非駆動のローラで構成し、この非駆動のローラを任意の位置に組み付けできる構成とすることにより、覆土前コンベア(64)を伸縮できる構成としてもよい。尚、床土詰装置(6)と播種装置(7)の間に灌水装置(29)を配置する際は、上述と同様の理由から、灌水装置(29)と播種装置(7)の間のコンベアを長くすることが望ましい。 When the irrigation device (29) is disposed between the seeding device (7) and the soil covering device (8), the conveyor before covering soil (29) is provided so that the space between the irrigation device (29) and the soil covering device (8) is sufficiently obtained. 64) is preferably assembled on the rear side of the irrigation section conveyor (63), or the pre-soil covering conveyor (64) assembled on the rear side of the irrigation device (29) is replaced with a long conveyor. As a result, even if the paddy soil with poor water absorption is used for the floor soil, the irrigation of the irrigation device (29) can be permeated into the floor soil, and the soil can be covered with the water on the upper surface of the floor soil, so The sow seeds are less likely to be oxygen deficient, and a stable germination rate is obtained. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which can extend / contract the pre-soil-covering conveyor (64) by comprising the non-driving roller in front of the soil covering conveyor (64), and making it the structure which can assemble | attach this non-driving roller to arbitrary positions. When the irrigation device (29) is disposed between the floor soil filling device (6) and the seeding device (7), the irrigation device (29) and the seeding device (7) are disposed for the same reason as described above. It is desirable to lengthen the conveyor.
尚、種子タンク(68)の上端の開口より覆土タンク(84)の上端の開口を低位に設け、覆土タンク(84)の上端の開口より床土タンク(54)の上端の開口を低位に設けている。これにより、使用量が多いため作業者が頻繁に床土タンク(54)へスコップで床土を供給しなければならないが、この床土供給作業を低位で容易に行え、次いで供給頻度が高い覆土タンク(84)への覆土供給作業を容易に行える。しかも、種子タンク(68)の上端の開口が高位となるので、床土供給作業又は覆土供給作業を行うとき、誤って種子タンク(68)へ床土又は覆土を供給するようなことを防止でき、土が供給されることで播種装置(7)が故障するようなことを防止できる。 The upper end opening of the soil covering tank (84) is provided lower than the upper end opening of the seed tank (68), and the upper end opening of the floor soil tank (54) is provided lower than the upper end opening of the soil covering tank (84). ing. As a result, since the amount of use is large, an operator must frequently supply floor soil to the floor soil tank (54) with a scoop. This floor soil supply operation can be easily performed at a low level, and then the cover soil having a high supply frequency is used. The covering soil supply operation to the tank (84) can be easily performed. In addition, since the opening at the upper end of the seed tank (68) is high, it is possible to prevent the floor or cover soil from being accidentally supplied to the seed tank (68) when performing the floor soil supply operation or the cover soil supply operation. The seeding device (7) can be prevented from malfunctioning due to the supply of soil.
床土タンク(54)は変形可能なゴム製の弾性体(113)を介して支持されており、作業者が床土を供給する度にその重みで揺れる構成となっている。これにより、床土タンク(54)内での床土のブリッジ現象を防止でき、特に水田の土壌等、ブリッジ現象を生じ易い土壌を床土として使用するとき、床土の繰り出しを適正に行える。尚、作業者がスコップ等で床土タンク(54)に触れることで、床土タンク(54)を揺らすこともできる。 The floor soil tank (54) is supported via a deformable rubber elastic body (113), and swings with its weight each time the operator supplies the floor soil. Thereby, the bridging phenomenon of the floor soil in the floor soil tank (54) can be prevented, and when the soil which is likely to cause the bridging phenomenon such as paddy soil is used as the floor soil, the floor soil can be properly fed out. The floor soil tank (54) can be shaken by the operator touching the floor soil tank (54) with a scoop or the like.
また、左右幅がコンベアの左右幅より小さい(30cm未満の)育苗箱(110)に播種作業を行うときは、図1に示すように、コンベアの左右一方側にコンベア搬送方向の適宜間隔で複数の規制ガイド(112)を取り付け、コンベア上の育苗箱(110)の左右位置を規制するようにすればよい。このとき、播種装置(7)で繰り出される種子が前記左右一方側の部分で無駄になるので、この種子を受ける受け容器(111)を播種装置(7)下方で前記左右一方側の位置に配置すればよい。 In addition, when performing seeding work on a seedling box (110) whose left and right width is smaller than the left and right width of the conveyor (less than 30 cm), as shown in FIG. The regulation guide (112) may be attached to regulate the left and right positions of the nursery box (110) on the conveyor. At this time, the seeds fed out by the seeding device (7) are wasted at the left and right side portions, so that the receiving container (111) for receiving the seeds is disposed at the position on the left and right sides below the seeding device (7). do it.
また、播種機(1)で、一株分ずつに区画された複数のセルを縦横に配列した育苗器である苗トレイ(120)に播種することもできる。苗トレイ(120)は、苗移植機での搬送を考慮し、可撓性があり、軟らかい材質で形成された樹脂製であり、セル(121)を前後方向14列構成している。複数のセル(121)は、各々上方が開口しており、上端部で互いに連結されて一体で構成されている。苗トレイ(120)の前後端及び左右端となる外周縁部(122)は、セル(121)の上端より上方に延びる上方延部(122a)と、上方延部(122a)の上端から外側に延びる外方延部(122b)とで構成され、外方延部(122b)の上面が略水平な平面状に構成されている。従って、複数のセル(121)の上方で且つ外周縁部(122)に囲まれる空間部(123)が形成され、該空間部(123)が複数のセル(121)の各々に連通している。 Moreover, it can also be seed | inoculated with the seeding machine (1) to the seedling tray (120) which is a seedling raising device in which a plurality of cells partitioned for each strain are arranged vertically and horizontally. The seedling tray (120) is made of a resin that is flexible and formed of a soft material in consideration of conveyance by a seedling transplanter, and includes 14 rows of cells (121) in the front-rear direction. Each of the plurality of cells (121) is open at the top, and is connected to each other at the upper end portion to be integrally formed. The outer peripheral edge (122), which is the front and rear ends and the left and right ends of the seedling tray (120), extends upward from the upper end of the cell (121) and extends outward from the upper end of the upper extension (122a). The outer extending portion (122b) extends, and the upper surface of the outer extending portion (122b) is formed in a substantially horizontal plane. Therefore, a space part (123) is formed above the plurality of cells (121) and surrounded by the outer peripheral edge part (122), and the space part (123) communicates with each of the plurality of cells (121). .
次に、苗トレイ(120)を用いて播種及び置床への敷設を行う例について説明する。第一例としては、播種機(1)において、苗トレイ(120)を剛性のあるアンダートレイに入れ、アンダートレイごと苗トレイ(120)を搬送経路(3)で搬送する。尚、アンダートレイは、矩形の育苗箱と同様に、四方の側壁と底板を備えて上方に開口した構成が一般的であるが、対向する一対の側壁(例えば、前側の側壁と後側の側壁)を他の側壁(例えば、左右の側壁)よりも低くするか又は無くした構成とすれば、この低くした又は無くした側壁側(例えば、前側又は後側)から苗トレイ(120)を容易に出入することができ、育苗作業の作業能率向上が図れる。床土詰装置(6)により複数のセル(121)内の上端近くにまで土詰めし、播種装置(7)により各々のセル(121)内に播種し、覆土装置(8)により苗トレイ(120)の上端(外周縁部(122)の上端、空間部(123)の上端)まで覆土する。この状態で、各々のセル(121)の間に隙間があるので、矩形の水稲用の育苗箱と比較すると強度面で劣るが、空間部(123)内に平面視で各々のセル(121)の位置にわたって平板状に覆土されているから、この覆土により苗トレイ(120)の強度が向上する。この苗トレイ(120)をアンダートレイから出し、育苗ハウス等の置床に並べ、平板状の押圧板(踏み板)(124)を苗トレイ(120)に載せて押圧板を苗トレイ(120)の外周縁部(122)の外方延部(122b)の上面及び空間部(123)内の覆土の上面に接触させ、押圧板上に作業者が載る等して苗トレイ(120)を置床に押圧して敷設する。従って、苗トレイ(120)が置床に密着し、置床から養分を吸収して苗の育苗を良好に行える。この苗トレイ(120)の押圧時には、覆土により苗トレイ(120)の強度が向上しているから、苗トレイ(120)は、各々のセル(121)の間に隙間がある構成でありながら、押圧による変形や破損が防止される。 Next, an example of sowing and laying on the floor using the seedling tray (120) will be described. As a first example, in the seeder (1), the seedling tray (120) is placed in a rigid under tray, and the seedling tray (120) is transported along the transport path (3) together with the under tray. The under tray generally has a configuration in which an under tray is provided with four side walls and a bottom plate and opened upward, like a rectangular seedling box, but a pair of opposing side walls (for example, a front side wall and a rear side wall). ) Is made lower or eliminated than the other side walls (for example, the left and right side walls), the seedling tray (120) can be easily removed from the side wall (for example, the front side or the rear side) that has been lowered or eliminated. You can go in and out, and you can improve the work efficiency of raising seedlings. The soil is filled to the vicinity of the upper ends of the plurality of cells (121) by the floor soil filling device (6), seeded in each cell (121) by the seeding device (7), and the seedling tray (8) is seeded by the soil covering device (8). 120) to the upper end (the upper end of the outer peripheral edge (122), the upper end of the space (123)). In this state, since there is a gap between each cell (121), it is inferior in strength compared to a rectangular rice seedling box, but each cell (121) in plan view in the space (123). Therefore, the strength of the seedling tray (120) is improved by the covering. The seedling tray (120) is taken out from the undertray, arranged on the floor of a nursery house, etc., and a flat pressing plate (stepping plate) (124) is placed on the seedling tray (120), and the pressing plate is placed outside the seedling tray (120). The seedling tray (120) is pressed against the floor by contacting the upper surface of the outwardly extending portion (122b) of the peripheral edge portion (122) and the upper surface of the covering soil in the space portion (123) and placing the operator on the pressing plate. Lay down. Therefore, the seedling tray (120) is in close contact with the placement floor, and the nutrients are absorbed from the placement floor, so that the seedling can be favorably grown. At the time of pressing the seedling tray (120), the strength of the seedling tray (120) is improved by the covering soil, so that the seedling tray (120) is configured with a gap between each cell (121), Deformation and breakage due to pressing are prevented.
第二例として、前述の第一例との相違点についてのみ説明すると、覆土装置(8)により、各々のセル(121)の上端まで又は各々のセル(121)の上端よりも上位で苗トレイ(120)の上端よりも下位まで覆土する。押圧板(124)は、平面視で苗トレイ(120)の空間部(123)と合致する長方形状の下部挿入部(124a)を下面側に突出させて形成しており、下面において下部挿入部(124a)以外の部分(下部挿入部(124a)の下面よりも上位の部分)が苗トレイ(120)の外周縁部(122)に接触する外周接触部(124b)となる。苗トレイ(120)を置床に押圧する際、押圧板(124)の下部挿入部(124a)を苗トレイ(120)の空間部(123)に嵌めて押圧板(124)を上方から押圧する。これにより、下部挿入部(124a)が苗トレイ(120)内の覆土の上面に接触して押圧し、外周接触部(124b)が外周縁部(122)の外方延部(122b)の上面に接触して押圧するので、下部挿入部(124a)と外周接触部(124b)とにより苗トレイ(120)を的確に押圧することができ、苗トレイ(120)の変形や破損を防止することができ、該苗トレイ(120)を置床に敷設して良好な育苗を行うことができる。また、苗トレイ(120)への覆土量が少なくなるので、育苗コストの低減が図れると共に、苗トレイ(120)全体を軽量化でき、苗トレイ(120)の運搬作業を容易に行える。尚、押圧板(124)の下面側に下部挿入部(124a)を複数設け、複数の苗トレイ(120)を同時に押圧する構成としてもよい。また、押圧板(124)の外周部に、作業者が把持する把持部や、苗トレイ(120)を押圧したときの該苗トレイ(120)の沈み込み量の目安となる指標体を設けてもよい。これにより、作業性が向上し、作業能率の向上が図れる。 As a second example, only the differences from the first example described above will be described. By the soil covering device (8), the seedling tray is placed up to the upper end of each cell (121) or higher than the upper end of each cell (121). Cover to lower than the upper end of (120). The pressing plate (124) is formed by projecting a rectangular lower insertion portion (124a) that matches the space portion (123) of the seedling tray (120) in a plan view to the lower surface side, and the lower insertion portion on the lower surface. A portion other than (124a) (a portion higher than the lower surface of the lower insertion portion (124a)) becomes an outer peripheral contact portion (124b) that contacts the outer peripheral edge portion (122) of the seedling tray (120). When the seedling tray (120) is pressed against the placing floor, the lower insertion portion (124a) of the pressing plate (124) is fitted into the space (123) of the seedling tray (120) and the pressing plate (124) is pressed from above. Thereby, the lower insertion part (124a) contacts and presses the upper surface of the cover soil in the seedling tray (120), and the outer peripheral contact part (124b) contacts the upper surface of the outward extension part (122b) of the outer peripheral edge part (122). Therefore, the seedling tray (120) can be accurately pressed by the lower insertion portion (124a) and the outer peripheral contact portion (124b), and deformation and breakage of the seedling tray (120) can be prevented. The seedling tray (120) can be laid on the floor to perform good seedling raising. Further, since the amount of soil covering the seedling tray (120) is reduced, the cost of raising seedlings can be reduced, the entire seedling tray (120) can be reduced in weight, and the transporting operation of the seedling tray (120) can be performed easily. In addition, it is good also as a structure which provides a plurality of lower insertion parts (124a) in the lower surface side of a press plate (124), and presses several seedling trays (120) simultaneously. In addition, a gripping portion held by an operator and an indicator body that serves as a guide for the amount of sinking of the seedling tray (120) when the seedling tray (120) is pressed are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the pressing plate (124). Also good. Thereby, workability | operativity improves and the improvement of work efficiency can be aimed at.
尚、播種装置(7)の播種位置(H)と覆土装置(8)の覆土位置との間に、セル(121)の上端でセル(120)間に播種された種子をセル(120)内に落とすための播種ブラシを設けることができる。これにより、種子を確実にセル(120)内に供給することができる。尚、播種ブラシをゴム板により構成してもよい。播種装置(7)の播種位置(H)と覆土装置(8)の覆土位置との間に灌水装置を設け、セル(120)内の土及び種子を安定させる構成としてもよい。 It should be noted that seeds seeded between the cells (120) at the upper end of the cell (121) between the seeding position (H) of the seeding device (7) and the soil covering position of the soil covering device (8) are contained in the cell (120). A seeding brush can be provided to drop the seed. Thereby, a seed can be reliably supplied in a cell (120). In addition, you may comprise a sowing brush with a rubber plate. A irrigation device may be provided between the sowing position (H) of the seeding device (7) and the soil covering position of the soil covering device (8) to stabilize the soil and seeds in the cell (120).
播種機の別例として、搬送経路を並列に配置し、第一搬送経路と第二搬送経路とを互いに逆方向に育苗箱を搬送させる構成とし、第一搬送経路に床土詰装置と第一播種装置とを設け、第二搬送経路に第二播種装置と覆土装置とを設け、第一搬送経路の搬送終端部から第二搬送経路の搬送始端部へ育苗箱を同じ向きのまま横送りする横搬送装置を設けた構成とすることができる。この構成により、第一播種装置と第二播種装置との播種位置において、同一の育苗箱を互いに反対向きで搬送することになるから、従来のような育苗箱の一方の端部の播種密度が低下することを防止でき、播種密度の均一化が図れる。また、第一搬送経路の搬送始端部と第二搬送経路の搬送終端部とを近い位置に配置できるので、作業者による空の育苗箱の供給作業と播種作業を終えた育苗箱の取出作業を容易に行える。尚、第一播種装置と第二播種装置とを近い位置に配置できるので、共通の種子タンクから第一播種装置及び第二播種装置へ種子が供給される構成としてもよい。また、床土詰装置と覆土装置とを近い位置に配置できるので、共通の培土タンクから床土詰装置及び覆土装置へ培土が供給される構成としてもよい。また、育苗箱の短手方向を搬送経路の搬送方向に向けて搬送経路上で多数の育苗箱を搬送できるようにし、搬送能率の向上を図ってもよい。 As another example of the sowing machine, the transport path is arranged in parallel, and the seedling box is transported in the first transport path and the second transport path in opposite directions. A seeding device is provided, a second seeding device and a soil covering device are provided in the second transport path, and the seedling box is laterally fed from the transport terminal end of the first transport path to the transport start end of the second transport path in the same direction. It can be set as the structure which provided the horizontal conveying apparatus. With this configuration, since the same seedling box is transported in opposite directions at the seeding position of the first seeding device and the second seeding device, the seeding density at one end of the conventional seedling box is as follows. Decrease can be prevented and sowing density can be made uniform. In addition, since the transfer start end of the first transfer path and the transfer end of the second transfer path can be arranged close to each other, the operator can supply empty nursery boxes and take out the seedling boxes after sowing. Easy to do. In addition, since a 1st sowing apparatus and a 2nd sowing apparatus can be arrange | positioned in the near position, it is good also as a structure by which a seed is supplied to a 1st sowing apparatus and a 2nd sowing apparatus from a common seed tank. In addition, since the floor soil filling device and the soil covering device can be arranged at close positions, the soil culture medium may be supplied from the common soil cultivation tank to the floor soil filling device and the soil covering device. In addition, a large number of seedling boxes may be transported on the transport path with the transversal direction of the seedling box being directed to the transport direction of the transport path to improve transport efficiency.
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