JP2015147913A - Friction material composition, and friction material and friction member using the same - Google Patents
Friction material composition, and friction material and friction member using the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、自動車等の制動に用いられるディスクブレーキパッド等の摩擦材に適した摩擦材組成物及び摩擦材組成物を用いた摩擦材に関する。 The present invention relates to a friction material composition suitable for a friction material such as a disc brake pad used for braking an automobile or the like, and a friction material using the friction material composition.
自動車等には、その制動のためにディスクブレーキパッド、ブレーキライニング等の摩擦材が使用されている。摩擦材は、ディスクローター、ブレーキドラム等の対面材と摩擦することにより、制動の役割を果たしている。そのため、摩擦材には、良好な摩擦係数、耐摩耗性（摩擦材の寿命が長いこと）、強度、制振性（ブレーキ鳴きが発生しにくいこと）等が要求される。 In automobiles and the like, friction materials such as disc brake pads and brake linings are used for braking. The friction material plays a role of braking by friction with facing materials such as a disk rotor and a brake drum. For this reason, the friction material is required to have a good coefficient of friction, wear resistance (the friction material has a long life), strength, vibration damping (a brake squeal is hardly generated), and the like.
摩擦材には、結合材、繊維基材、無機充填材及び有機充填材等を含む摩擦材組成物が用いられ、前記特性を発現させるために、一般的に、各成分を１種又は２種以上を組合せた摩擦材組成物が用いられる。無機充填材として、摩擦係数や耐摩耗性を向上させるために、チタン酸カリウムを配合することが提案されている（例えば、特許文献１〜３参照）。また、銅は、特に高温・高速での制動における耐摩耗性向上や摩擦係数向上に効果が高く、繊維基材として摩擦材に配合される。 As the friction material, a friction material composition including a binder, a fiber base material, an inorganic filler, an organic filler, and the like is used. In order to develop the above characteristics, one or two of each component is generally used. A friction material composition combining the above is used. It has been proposed that potassium titanate is blended as an inorganic filler in order to improve the friction coefficient and wear resistance (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3). Copper is particularly effective in improving wear resistance and friction coefficient in braking at high temperature and high speed, and is blended in a friction material as a fiber base material.
しかし、銅や銅合金を含有する摩擦材は、制動時に生成する摩耗粉に銅を含み、河川、湖や海洋汚染等の原因となる可能性が示唆されているため、使用を制限する動きが高まっている。しかし、銅を含有しない摩擦材は、無機充填材として特許文献１〜３に記載のチタン酸カリウムを配合したとしても、高温・高速での制動における摩擦材の摩耗が極端に大きく、摩擦係数が低く安定しないという課題があった。 However, friction materials containing copper and copper alloys contain copper in the abrasion powder generated during braking, and it is suggested that this may cause river, lake, marine pollution, etc. It is growing. However, the friction material containing no copper, even if the potassium titanate described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 is blended as an inorganic filler, the friction material wear is extremely large during braking at high temperature and high speed, and the friction coefficient is There was a problem of low stability.
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みなされたもので、環境負荷の高い銅を含有せず、高温・高速での制動における耐摩耗性、摩擦係数の安定性に優れた摩擦材を提供することを目的とするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a friction material that does not contain high environmental impact copper and has excellent wear resistance and high friction coefficient stability during braking at high temperatures and high speeds. It is what.
本発明者らは、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、銅や銅合金を含有せず、トンネル状結晶構造のチタン酸塩を層状結晶構造のチタン酸塩を両方含有する摩擦材組成物を用いることで、上記課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。すなわち、本発明は下記のとおりである。
（１）結合材、有機充填材、無機充填材及び繊維基材を含む摩擦材組成物であって、該摩擦材組成物中の銅の含有量が銅元素として０．５質量％以下であり、チタン酸塩としてトンネル状結晶構造のチタン酸塩及び層状結晶構造のチタン酸塩を含有する摩擦材組成物。
（２）トンネル状結晶構造のチタン酸塩が６チタン酸カリウム又は８チタン酸カリウム若しくはチタン酸ナトリウムである上記（１）に記載の摩擦材組成物。
（３）前記層状結晶構造のチタン酸塩がチタン酸リチウムカリウム又はチタン酸マグネシウムカリウムである上記（１）又は（２）に記載の摩擦材組成物。
（４）前記チタン酸塩を合計量で２０〜５０質量％含有する上記（１）〜（３）のいずれかに摩擦材組成物。
（５）前記トンネル状結晶構造のチタン酸塩の含有量が１０〜３５質量％である上記（１）〜（４）のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物。
（６）前記層状結晶構造のチタン酸塩の含有量が１０〜３５質量％である上記（１）〜（５）のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物。
（７）前記層状結晶構造のチタン酸塩とトンネル状結晶構造のチタン酸塩の含有量比率が３０：７０〜７０：３０である上記（１）〜（６）のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物。
（８）上記（１）〜（７）のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物を成形してなる摩擦材。
（９）上記（１）〜（７）のいずれかに記載の摩擦材組成物を成形してなる摩擦材と裏金とを用いて形成される摩擦部材。
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have used a friction material composition that does not contain copper or a copper alloy and contains both a titanate having a tunnel-like crystal structure and a titanate having a layered crystal structure. The present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) A friction material composition including a binder, an organic filler, an inorganic filler, and a fiber base material, wherein the copper content in the friction material composition is 0.5% by mass or less as a copper element. A friction material composition containing a titanate having a tunnel crystal structure and a titanate having a layered crystal structure as a titanate.
(2) The friction material composition according to the above (1), wherein the titanate having a tunnel-like crystal structure is potassium 6 titanate, potassium 8 titanate or sodium titanate.
(3) The friction material composition according to (1) or (2), wherein the layered crystal structure titanate is lithium potassium titanate or magnesium potassium titanate.
(4) The friction material composition according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the titanate is contained in a total amount of 20 to 50% by mass.
(5) The friction material composition according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the content of titanate having the tunnel-like crystal structure is 10 to 35% by mass.
(6) The friction material composition according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the content of the titanate having the layered crystal structure is 10 to 35% by mass.
(7) The friction material according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein a content ratio of the titanate having the layered crystal structure and the titanate having the tunnel crystal structure is 30:70 to 70:30. Composition.
(8) A friction material obtained by molding the friction material composition according to any one of (1) to (7).
(9) A friction member formed using a friction material obtained by molding the friction material composition according to any one of (1) to (7) and a back metal.
本発明によれば、自動車用ディスクブレーキパッド等の摩擦材に用いた際に、環境負荷の高い銅を用いなくとも高温・高速での制動における耐摩耗性、摩擦係数の安定性に優れた摩擦材組成物、摩擦材及び摩擦部材を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, when used for a friction material such as an automobile disc brake pad, friction with excellent wear resistance and friction coefficient stability in braking at high temperature and high speed without using copper with high environmental load. A material composition, a friction material, and a friction member can be provided.
以下、本発明の摩擦材組成物、これを用いた摩擦材及び摩擦部材について詳述する。なお、本発明の摩擦材組成物は、ノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物である。 Hereinafter, the friction material composition of the present invention, the friction material using the same, and the friction member will be described in detail. The friction material composition of the present invention is a non-asbestos friction material composition.
［摩擦材組成物］
本実施形態の摩擦材組成物は、銅の含有量が銅元素として０．５質量％以下である摩擦材組成物である。銅の含有量を銅元素として０．５質量％以下とすることで、従来の摩擦材と比較して環境負荷の少ないものとすることができる。
[Friction material composition]
The friction material composition of this embodiment is a friction material composition whose copper content is 0.5 mass% or less as a copper element. By setting the copper content to 0.5% by mass or less as a copper element, the environmental load can be reduced as compared with a conventional friction material.
（チタン酸塩）
本実施形態においては、銅の少ない組成における高温・高速での制動における耐摩耗性、摩擦係数の安定性向上のために、トンネル状結晶構造のチタン酸塩と層状結晶構造のチタン酸塩とを共に含有する。
チタン酸塩は摩擦係数の安定性向上や耐摩耗性向上を目的として摩擦材に添加されるが、トンネル状結晶構造のチタン酸塩は特に低速制動での摩擦係数の安定性が高く、層状結晶構造のチタン酸塩は高温での摩耗抑制効果が高い。しかし、これらのチタン酸塩の単独添加では、高速制動における摩擦係数保持や耐摩耗性の改善効果は小さい。
トンネル状結晶構造のチタン酸塩と層状結晶構造のチタン酸塩を組み合わせて用いることで、低速制動での摩擦係数安定性や高温での摩耗抑制効果に優れるだけでなく、高速制動における摩擦係数保持や耐摩耗性にも優れる摩擦材が得られる。
前記チタン酸塩の含有量は、合計で２０〜５０質量％であることが好ましく、２０〜４０質量％であることがより好ましく、２０〜３０質量％であることが更に好ましい。チタン酸塩の含有量が２０質量％以上であると高温・高速での制動における耐摩耗性、摩擦係数の安定性が良好であり、５０質量％以下であると摩擦係数が低下することがない。前記チタン酸塩としては、繊維状、鱗片状、柱状、板状のものを使用することができるが、人体有害性の観点で鱗片状、柱状、板状のものが好ましい。
トンネル状結晶構造のチタン酸塩としては、８チタン酸カリウム、６チタン酸カリウム、チタン酸ナトリウムを用いることができ、含有量は１０〜３５質量％が好ましく、１０〜２５質量％がより好ましい。１０質量％以上であると高温・高速での制動における耐摩耗性、摩擦係数の安定性が良好であり、３５質量％以下であると摩擦係数が低下することがない。
層状結晶構造のチタン酸塩としては、チタン酸リチウムカリウム、チタン酸マグネシウムカリウムを用いることができ、含有量は１０〜３５質量％が好ましく、１０〜２５質量％が更に好ましい。１０質量％以上であると高温・高速での制動における耐摩耗性、摩擦係数の安定性が良好であり、３５質量％以下であると摩擦係数が低下することがない。
また、層状構造の結晶構造のチタン酸塩とトンネル構造の結晶構造のチタン酸塩の含有量比率は、３０：７０〜７０：３０であることが好ましい。この比率でチタン酸塩を含有させることで、高速での制動において、高い耐摩耗性、摩擦係数保持効果を得ることができる。
(Titanate)
In the present embodiment, a tunnel crystal structure titanate and a layer crystal structure titanate are used in order to improve wear resistance and braking coefficient stability at high temperature and high speed braking with a low copper composition. Contains both.
Titanate is added to the friction material for the purpose of improving the stability of friction coefficient and wear resistance, but the titanate with a tunnel-like crystal structure has a high stability of friction coefficient especially at low-speed braking, and it is a layered crystal. The structure titanate has a high wear-inhibiting effect at high temperatures. However, when these titanates are added alone, the effect of improving the friction coefficient and wear resistance in high-speed braking is small.
The combination of tunnel-like crystal structure titanate and layered crystal structure titanate not only provides excellent friction coefficient stability at low speed braking and wear suppression at high temperatures, but also maintains friction coefficient at high speed braking. And a friction material having excellent wear resistance.
The total content of the titanate is preferably 20 to 50% by mass, more preferably 20 to 40% by mass, and still more preferably 20 to 30% by mass. When the titanate content is 20% by mass or more, the wear resistance and braking coefficient stability in braking at high temperature and high speed are good, and when it is 50% by mass or less, the friction coefficient does not decrease. . As the titanate, fiber-like, scale-like, columnar or plate-like ones can be used, but scale-like, columnar or plate-like ones are preferred from the viewpoint of human harm.
As the titanate having a tunnel-like crystal structure, potassium titanate, potassium hexatitanate and sodium titanate can be used, and the content is preferably 10 to 35% by mass, more preferably 10 to 25% by mass. When it is 10% by mass or more, the wear resistance and braking coefficient stability during braking at high temperature and high speed are good, and when it is 35% by mass or less, the friction coefficient does not decrease.
As the titanate having a layered crystal structure, lithium potassium titanate and potassium magnesium titanate can be used, and the content is preferably 10 to 35% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 25% by mass. When it is 10% by mass or more, the wear resistance and braking coefficient stability during braking at high temperature and high speed are good, and when it is 35% by mass or less, the friction coefficient does not decrease.
In addition, the content ratio of the titanate having a layered structure and the titanate having a tunnel structure is preferably 30:70 to 70:30. By containing the titanate at this ratio, high wear resistance and friction coefficient retention effect can be obtained in braking at high speed.
（無機充填材）
無機充填材は、摩擦材の耐熱性の悪化を避けるためや、耐摩耗性を向上させるため、摩擦係数を向上する目的で添加される摩擦調整剤として含まれるものである。本実施形態のノンアスベスト摩擦材用組成物は、通常、摩擦材に用いられる無機充填材であれば特に制限はない。
(Inorganic filler)
The inorganic filler is included as a friction modifier that is added for the purpose of improving the friction coefficient in order to avoid deterioration of the heat resistance of the friction material or to improve the wear resistance. If the composition for non-asbestos friction materials of this embodiment is an inorganic filler normally used for a friction material, there will be no restriction | limiting in particular.
上記無機充填材としては、例えば、硫化錫、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、三硫化アンチモン、硫化ビスマス、硫化亜鉛、水酸化カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、硫酸バリウム、ドロマイト、コークス、黒鉛、マイカ、酸化鉄、バーミキュライト、硫酸カルシウム、タルク、クレー、ゼオライト、ケイ酸ジルコニウム、酸化ジルコニウム、ムライト、クロマイト、酸化チタン、酸化マグネシウム、シリカ、酸化鉄、γ−アルミナなどの活性アルミナを用いることができ、これらを単独で又は２種類以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。 Examples of the inorganic filler include tin sulfide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, antimony trisulfide, bismuth sulfide, zinc sulfide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate, dolomite, Activated alumina such as coke, graphite, mica, iron oxide, vermiculite, calcium sulfate, talc, clay, zeolite, zirconium silicate, zirconium oxide, mullite, chromite, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, silica, iron oxide, γ-alumina These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
本実施形態のノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物中における、無機充填材の含有量は、３０〜８０質量％であることが好ましく、４０〜７０質量％であることがより好ましく、５０〜６０質量％であることが更に好ましい。無機充填材の含有量を３０〜８０質量％の範囲とすることで、耐熱性の悪化を避けることができ、摩擦材のその他成分の含有量バランスの点でも好ましい。 The content of the inorganic filler in the non-asbestos friction material composition of the present embodiment is preferably 30 to 80% by mass, more preferably 40 to 70% by mass, and 50 to 60% by mass. More preferably it is. By making content of an inorganic filler into the range of 30-80 mass%, deterioration of heat resistance can be avoided and it is preferable also at the point of content balance of the other component of a friction material.
（有機充填材）
有機充填材は、摩擦材の音振性能や耐摩耗性などを向上させるための摩擦調整剤として含まれるものである。本実施形態のノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物に含まれる有機充填材としては、上記性能を発揮できるものであれば特に制限はなく、通常、有機充填材として用いられる、カシューダストやゴム成分などを用いることができる。
(Organic filler)
The organic filler is included as a friction modifier for improving the sound vibration performance and wear resistance of the friction material. The organic filler contained in the non-asbestos friction material composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it can exhibit the above performance, and usually uses cashew dust, a rubber component, etc. used as an organic filler. be able to.
上記カシューダストは、カシューナッツシェルオイルを硬化させたものを粉砕して得られる、通常、摩擦材に用いられるものであればよい。 The cashew dust is not particularly limited as long as it is obtained by pulverizing a hardened cashew nut shell oil and is usually used for a friction material.
上記ゴム成分としては、例えば、タイヤゴム、アクリルゴム、イソプレンゴム、ＮＢＲ（ニトリルブタジエンゴム）、ＳＢＲ（スチレンブタジエンゴム）、塩素化ブチルゴム、ブチルゴム、シリコーンゴム、などが挙げられ、これらを単独で又は２種類以上を組み合わせて使用される。 Examples of the rubber component include tire rubber, acrylic rubber, isoprene rubber, NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber), SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), chlorinated butyl rubber, butyl rubber, silicone rubber, and the like. Used in combination of more than one type.
本実施形態のノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物中における、有機充填材の含有量は、１〜２０質量％であることが好ましく、１〜１０質量％であることがより好ましく、３〜８質量％であることが更に好ましい。有機充填材の含有量を１〜２０質量％の範囲とすることで、摩擦材の弾性率が高くなること、鳴きなどの音振性能の悪化を避けることができ、また耐熱性の悪化、熱履歴による強度低下を避けることができる。 The content of the organic filler in the non-asbestos friction material composition of the present embodiment is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, and 3 to 8% by mass. More preferably it is. By setting the content of the organic filler in the range of 1 to 20% by mass, the elastic modulus of the friction material is increased, deterioration of sound vibration performance such as squealing can be avoided, heat resistance deterioration, heat It is possible to avoid a decrease in strength due to history.
（結合材）
結合材は、摩擦材用組成物に含まれる有機充填材、無機充填材及び繊維基材などを一体化し、強度を与えるものである。本実施形態の摩擦材用組成物に含まれる結合材としては特に制限は無く、通常、摩擦材の結合材として用いられる熱硬化性樹脂を用いることができる。
(Binder)
The binding material integrates an organic filler, an inorganic filler, a fiber base, and the like contained in the friction material composition to give strength. There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a binder contained in the composition for friction materials of this embodiment, Usually, the thermosetting resin used as a binder of a friction material can be used.
上記熱硬化性樹脂としては、例えば、フェノール樹脂；アクリルエラストマー分散フェノール樹脂及びシリコーンエラストマー分散フェノール樹脂などの各種エラストマー分散フェノール樹脂；アクリル変性フェノール樹脂、シリコーン変性フェノール樹脂、カシュー変性フェノール樹脂、エポキシ変性フェノール樹脂及びアルキルベンゼン変性フェノール樹脂などの各種変性フェノール樹脂などが挙げられ、これらを単独で又は２種類以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。特に、良好な耐熱性、成形性及び摩擦係数を与えることから、フェノール樹脂、アクリル変性フェノール樹脂、シリコーン変性フェノール樹脂、アルキルベンゼン変性フェノール樹脂を用いることが好ましい。 Examples of the thermosetting resins include phenol resins; various elastomer-dispersed phenol resins such as acrylic elastomer-dispersed phenol resins and silicone elastomer-dispersed phenol resins; acrylic-modified phenol resins, silicone-modified phenol resins, cashew-modified phenol resins, and epoxy-modified phenols. Various modified phenol resins such as resins and alkylbenzene-modified phenol resins can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. In particular, it is preferable to use a phenol resin, an acrylic-modified phenol resin, a silicone-modified phenol resin, or an alkylbenzene-modified phenol resin because good heat resistance, moldability, and friction coefficient are given.
本実施形態のノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物中における、結合材の含有量は、５〜２０質量％であることが好ましく、５〜１０質量％であることがより好ましい。結合材の含有量を５〜２０質量％の範囲とすることで、摩擦材の強度低下をより抑制でき、また、摩擦材の気孔率が減少し、弾性率が高くなることによる鳴きなどの音振性能悪化をより抑制できる。 The content of the binder in the non-asbestos friction material composition of the present embodiment is preferably 5 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 10% by mass. By setting the content of the binder in the range of 5 to 20% by mass, it is possible to further suppress the strength reduction of the friction material, and to reduce the porosity of the friction material and to make noise such as squeal due to the increase in the elastic modulus. Vibration performance deterioration can be further suppressed.
（繊維基材）
繊維基材は、摩擦材において補強作用を示すものである。
本実施形態のノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物は、通常、繊維基材として用いられる、前記チタン酸塩の繊維以外の無機繊維、金属繊維、有機繊維、炭素系繊維などを用いることができ、これらを単独で又は二種類以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
(Fiber substrate)
The fiber base material exhibits a reinforcing action in the friction material.
The non-asbestos friction material composition of the present embodiment can use inorganic fibers other than the titanate fibers, metal fibers, organic fibers, carbon-based fibers, etc., which are usually used as fiber base materials. It can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
上記チタン酸塩の繊維以外の無機繊維としては、セラミック繊維、生分解性セラミック繊維、鉱物繊維、ガラス繊維、シリケート繊維などを用いることができ、１種又は２種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。これら、無機繊維の中では、ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＦｅＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏなどを任意の組み合わせで含有した生分解性鉱物繊維が好ましく、市販品としてはＬＡＰＩＮＵＳ ＦＩＢＥＲＳ Ｂ．Ｖ製のＲｏｘｕｌシリーズなどが挙げられる。 As inorganic fibers other than the titanate fibers, ceramic fibers, biodegradable ceramic fibers, mineral fibers, glass fibers, silicate fibers, and the like can be used, and one or a combination of two or more can be used. . Among these inorganic fibers, biodegradable mineral fibers containing SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, FeO, Na 2 O and the like in an arbitrary combination are preferable, and as a commercial product, LAPINUS FIBERS B. For example, V Roxul series.
上記金属繊維としては、通常、摩擦材に用いられるものであれば特に制限はないが、例えば、アルミ、鉄、亜鉛、錫、チタン、ニッケル、マグネシウム、シリコンなどの銅及び銅合金以外の金属単体又は合金形態の繊維や、鋳鉄繊維などの金属を主成分とする繊維が挙げられる。 The metal fiber is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used for a friction material. For example, a single metal other than copper and copper alloy such as aluminum, iron, zinc, tin, titanium, nickel, magnesium, and silicon Or the fiber which has metals, such as an alloy form fiber and cast iron fiber, as a main component is mentioned.
なお、本実施形態品は、環境有害性の高い銅及び銅合金を実質的に含有せず、元素としての銅の含有量が０．５質量％以下であり、好ましくは含有量０質量％である。 In addition, the product of the present embodiment does not substantially contain copper and copper alloy having high environmental hazards, and the content of copper as an element is 0.5% by mass or less, preferably 0% by mass. is there.
上記有機繊維としては、アラミド繊維、セルロース繊維、アクリル繊維、フェノール樹脂繊維などを用いることができ、これらを単独で又は２種類以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。 As said organic fiber, an aramid fiber, a cellulose fiber, an acrylic fiber, a phenol resin fiber etc. can be used, These can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
上記炭素系繊維としては、耐炎化繊維、ピッチ系炭素繊維、ＰＡＮ系炭素繊維、活性炭繊維などを用いることができ、これらを単独で又は２種類以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。 As the carbon-based fiber, flame-resistant fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, PAN-based carbon fiber, activated carbon fiber, or the like can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
本実施形態のノンアスベスト摩擦材組成物における、繊維基材の含有量は、摩擦材組成物において５〜４０質量％であることが好ましく、５〜２０質量％であることがより好ましく、５〜１５質量％であることが更に好ましい。繊維基材の含有量を５〜４０質量％の範囲とすることで、摩擦材としての最適な気孔率が得られ、鳴き防止ができ、適正な材料強度が得られ、耐摩耗性を発現し、成形性をよくすることができる。 The content of the fiber base material in the non-asbestos friction material composition of the present embodiment is preferably 5 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 20% by mass in the friction material composition, More preferably, it is 15 mass%. By setting the content of the fiber base in the range of 5 to 40% by mass, an optimum porosity as a friction material can be obtained, squeal can be prevented, an appropriate material strength can be obtained, and wear resistance can be exhibited. The moldability can be improved.
［摩擦材］
本実施形態の摩擦材は、本実施形態の摩擦材組成物を一般に使用されている方法で成形して製造することができ、好ましくは加熱加圧成形して製造される。詳細には、例えば、本実施形態の摩擦材組成物をレーディゲミキサー（「レーディゲ」は登録商標）、加圧ニーダー、アイリッヒミキサー（「アイリッヒ」は登録商標）等の混合機を用いて均一に混合し、この混合物を成形金型にて予備成形し、得られた予備成形物を成形温度１３０〜１６０℃、成形圧力２０〜５０ＭＰａ、成形時間２〜１０分間の条件で成形し、得られた成形物を１５０〜２５０℃で２〜１０時間熱処理することで製造される。また更に、必要に応じて塗装、スコーチ処理、研磨処理を行うことで製造される。
[Friction material]
The friction material of the present embodiment can be manufactured by molding the friction material composition of the present embodiment by a generally used method, and is preferably manufactured by heating and pressing. Specifically, for example, the friction material composition of the present embodiment is mixed using a mixer such as a Laedige mixer (“Laedige” is a registered trademark), a pressure kneader, an Eirich mixer (“Eirich” is a registered trademark), or the like. Mix uniformly, preform this mixture with a molding die, and mold the obtained preform under conditions of a molding temperature of 130 to 160 ° C., a molding pressure of 20 to 50 MPa, and a molding time of 2 to 10 minutes. The molded product thus obtained is manufactured by heat treatment at 150 to 250 ° C. for 2 to 10 hours. Furthermore, it is manufactured by performing coating, scorch treatment, and polishing treatment as necessary.
［摩擦部材］
本実施形態の摩擦部材は、上記の本実施形態の摩擦材を摩擦面となる摩擦材として用いてなる。上記摩擦部材としては、例えば、下記の構成が挙げられる。
（１）摩擦材のみの構成
（２）裏金と、該裏金の上に摩擦面となる本発明の摩擦材組成物からなる摩擦材とを有する構成
（３）上記（２）の構成において、裏金と摩擦材との間に、裏金の接着効果を高めるための表面改質を目的としたプライマー層、及び、裏金と摩擦材との接着を目的とした接着層を更に介在させた構成
[Friction material]
The friction member of the present embodiment uses the friction material of the present embodiment as a friction material that becomes a friction surface. Examples of the friction member include the following configurations.
(1) Configuration of only friction material (2) Configuration having a back metal and a friction material made of the friction material composition of the present invention which becomes a friction surface on the back metal (3) In the above configuration (2), the back metal A primer layer for the purpose of surface modification to enhance the adhesion effect of the back metal and an adhesive layer for the purpose of bonding the back metal to the friction material
上記裏金は、摩擦部材の機械的強度の向上のために、通常、摩擦部材として用いるものであり、材質としては、金属又は繊維強化プラスチック等、具体的には、鉄、ステンレス、無機繊維強化プラスチック、炭素繊維強化プラスチック等が挙げられる。プライマー層及び接着層は、通常、ブレーキシュー等の摩擦部材に用いられるものであればよい。 The backing metal is usually used as a friction member to improve the mechanical strength of the friction member, and the material is metal or fiber reinforced plastic, specifically iron, stainless steel, inorganic fiber reinforced plastic. And carbon fiber reinforced plastics. The primer layer and the adhesive layer may be those used for friction members such as brake shoes.
本実施形態の摩擦材組成物は、摩擦係数、耐クラック性、耐摩耗性等に優れるため、自動車等のディスクブレーキパッドやブレーキライニング等の上張り材として特に有用であるが、高い耐クラック性を有するため、摩擦部材の下張り材として成形して用いることもできる。なお、「上張り材」とは、摩擦部材の摩擦面となる摩擦材であり、「下張り材」とは、摩擦部材の摩擦面となる摩擦材と裏金との間に介在する、摩擦材と裏金との接着部付近のせん断強度、耐クラック性向上等を目的とした層のことである。 The friction material composition of the present embodiment is excellent in friction coefficient, crack resistance, wear resistance, etc., and thus is particularly useful as an upper material for disc brake pads and brake linings for automobiles, etc., but has high crack resistance. Therefore, it can be molded and used as an undercoating material for the friction member. The “upper material” is a friction material that becomes the friction surface of the friction member, and the “underlay material” is a friction material that is interposed between the friction material that becomes the friction surface of the friction member and the back metal. It is a layer for the purpose of improving the shear strength, crack resistance, etc. in the vicinity of the bonded portion with the back metal.
以下、本発明の摩擦材組成物、摩擦材及び摩擦部材について、実施例及び比較例を用いて更に詳細に説明するが、本発明は何らこれらに制限されるものではない。 Hereinafter, although the friction material composition, the friction material, and the friction member of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, the present invention is not limited thereto.
［実施例１〜８及び比較例１〜８］
（ディスクブレーキパッドの作製）
表２に示す配合比率に従って材料を配合し、実施例１〜８及び比較例１〜８の摩擦材組成物を得た。この摩擦材組成物をレーディゲミキサー（株式会社マツボー製、商品名：レーディゲミキサーＭ２０）で混合し、得られた混合物を成形プレス（王子機械工業株式会社製）で予備成形した。得られた予備成形物を成形温度１４０〜１６０℃、成形圧力３０ＭＰａ、成形時間５分間の条件で、成形プレス（三起精工株式会社製）を用いて鉄製の裏金（日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社製）と共に加熱加圧成形した。得られた成形品を２００℃で４．５時間熱処理し、ロータリー研磨機を用いて研磨し、５００℃のスコーチ処理を行って、実施例１〜４及び比較例１〜２のディスクブレーキパッドを得た。なお、実施例及び比較例では、裏金の厚さ６ｍｍ、摩擦材の厚さ１１ｍｍ、摩擦材投影面積５２ｃｍ２のディスクブレーキパッドを作製した。
なお、実施例及び比較例において使用したチタン酸塩は表１のとおりである。
[Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-8]
(Production of disc brake pad)
The materials were blended according to the blending ratio shown in Table 2, and the friction material compositions of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were obtained. This friction material composition was mixed with a Laedige mixer (manufactured by Matsubo Co., Ltd., trade name: Ladige mixer M20), and the resulting mixture was preformed with a molding press (manufactured by Oji Machinery Co., Ltd.). The preform is obtained by using a molding press (manufactured by Sanki Seiko Co., Ltd.) under the conditions of a molding temperature of 140 to 160 ° C., a molding pressure of 30 MPa, and a molding time of 5 minutes. Together with heating and pressing. The obtained molded product was heat treated at 200 ° C. for 4.5 hours, polished using a rotary polishing machine, and subjected to scorch treatment at 500 ° C., and the disc brake pads of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were obtained. Obtained. In Examples and Comparative Examples, a disc brake pad having a backing metal thickness of 6 mm, a friction material thickness of 11 mm, and a friction material projection area of 52 cm 2 was produced.
The titanates used in Examples and Comparative Examples are as shown in Table 1.
（摩擦係数の評価）
摩擦係数は、自動車技術会規格ＪＡＳＯ Ｃ４０６に基づき測定し、第２効力試験の車速５０ｋｍ／ｈ、減速度０．６Ｇ、及び車速１８０ｋｍ／ｈ、減速度０．６Ｇにおける摩擦係数の平均値を算出した。評価結果を表２に示す。
(Evaluation of friction coefficient)
The coefficient of friction is measured based on the Japan Society of Automotive Engineers Standard JASO C406, and the average value of the coefficient of friction at the second efficacy test at a vehicle speed of 50 km / h and a deceleration of 0.6 G, and at a vehicle speed of 180 km / h and a deceleration of 0.6 G is calculated. did. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
（高温、高速における制動での耐摩耗性の評価）
耐摩耗性は、自動車技術会規格ＪＡＳＯ Ｃ４２７に基づき測定し、ブレーキ温度４００℃、車速５０ｋｍ／ｈ、減速度０．３Ｇの制動１０００回相当の摩擦材の摩耗量を評価し、高温での耐摩耗性とした。また、ブレーキ温度２００℃、車速１００ｋｍ／ｈ、減速度０．３Ｇの制動１０００回相当の摩擦材の摩耗量を評価し、高速制動における耐摩耗性とした。評価結果を表２に示す。
なお、上記摩擦係数、耐摩耗性の評価はダイナモメーターを用い、イナーシャ７ｋｇｆ・ｍ・ｓｅｃ２で評価を行った。また、ベンチレーテッドディスクロータ（株式会社キリウ製、材質ＦＣ１９０）、一般的なピンスライド式のコレットタイプのキャリパを用いて実施した。
(Evaluation of wear resistance during braking at high temperature and high speed)
The wear resistance is measured based on the Japan Society of Automotive Engineers standard JASO C427, and the wear amount of a friction material equivalent to 1000 brakings with a brake temperature of 400 ° C., a vehicle speed of 50 km / h, and a deceleration of 0.3 G is evaluated. Abrasive. In addition, the wear amount of the friction material corresponding to 1000 times of braking with a brake temperature of 200 ° C., a vehicle speed of 100 km / h, and a deceleration of 0.3 G was evaluated to determine wear resistance in high-speed braking. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
The friction coefficient and wear resistance were evaluated using a dynamometer at an inertia of 7 kgf · m · sec 2 . Further, a ventilated disc rotor (manufactured by Kiriu Co., Ltd., material FC190) and a general pin slide type collet type caliper were used.
表２に示すように、実施例１〜８は、銅を含有する比較例８と同水準の摩擦係数、耐摩耗性を示した。また、実施例１〜８は、トンネル型結晶構造のチタン酸塩と層状結晶構造のチタン酸塩の一方だけを含有する比較例１〜７に対して高速での摩擦係数が高く、低速と高速の摩擦係数の差が少なく安定している。更に高速及び高温の耐摩耗性が優れることは明らかである。 As shown in Table 2, Examples 1 to 8 showed the same level of friction coefficient and wear resistance as Comparative Example 8 containing copper. Moreover, Examples 1-8 have a high friction coefficient at high speed, and low speed and high speed compared with Comparative Examples 1-7 which contain only one of the titanate of tunnel type crystal structure and the titanate of layered crystal structure. The difference in coefficient of friction is small and stable. Further, it is clear that the wear resistance at high speed and high temperature is excellent.
本発明の摩擦材組成物は、従来品と比較して、環境負荷の高い銅を用いなくとも高温・高速での制動における耐摩耗性、摩擦係数の安定性に優れるため、該摩擦材組成物は乗用車用ブレーキパッド等の摩擦材及び摩擦部材に好適である。 The friction material composition of the present invention is superior in wear resistance and braking coefficient stability in braking at high temperatures and high speeds without using copper, which has a high environmental load, compared to conventional products. Is suitable for friction materials and friction members such as brake pads for passenger cars.
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