JP2015137833A - Complex manufacturing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing apparatus for a complex comprising transparent ice with a smooth surface and a transparent member.SOLUTION: A manufacturing apparatus 2 for a complex comprising ice and a transparent member includes: an ice making container 4 that includes the transparent member and the top surface of which is opened; a cooler 6 that is arranged below the ice making container 4; and a heater 8 that is arranged above the ice making container 4. In the manufacturing apparatus 2, the heater 8 heats a water surface of ice making water supplied to the ice making container 4, and the cooler 6 cools the ice making water from the downside. The complex of the ice and the transparent member, which is manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus 2, is used for ice contact surface observation.

Description

  The present invention relates to a composite manufacturing apparatus of ice and a transparent member.

  In winter, the vehicle runs on a frozen road. In order to improve safety, there is a demand for further improvement in tire running performance on frozen road surfaces. When running on an icy road, the tires come into contact with ice. The surface shape of the tire when in contact with ice contributes to the vehicle running performance.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-230328 discloses a method of photographing a tire ground contact surface through a transparent plate having an ice layer formed on the surface by using a test apparatus having a rotary drum. In order to accurately observe the surface shape of the tire by this method, it is necessary to form an ice layer having high transparency and a smooth surface on the transparent plate. An image taken through a transparent plate on which an ice layer with low transparency is formed is unclear. In addition, if the tire is pressed against an ice layer that is weakly fixed to the transparent plate, the ice layer may be peeled off or damaged.

  Usually, most of the ice produced by known methods is cloudy at the center. One cause of white turbidity is that dissolved gas contained in the raw material water remains as fine bubbles when frozen. An apparatus and a method for producing transparent ice by preventing air bubbles from mixing are disclosed in JP-A-6-101943, JP-A-2000-304393, JP-A-6-123533, and JP-A-2004-53036. This is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 4-260768.

JP 2007-230328 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-101943 JP 2000-304393 A JP-A-6-123533 JP 2004-53036 A JP-A-4-260768

  In the large ice making apparatuses described in JP-A-6-101943, JP-A-2000-304393, and JP-A-6-123533, it is difficult to form an ice layer on a transparent plate. In these ice making apparatuses, ice having a smooth surface cannot be obtained.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-53036 discloses an ice making device that makes ice while swinging. Even with this ice making device, ice with a smooth surface cannot be obtained. In order to smooth the surface of ice, precise surface processing is required.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-260768 discloses an ice making device for producing transparent ice by complex temperature control.

  A manufacturing apparatus for forming ice having a smooth surface and high transparency on a transparent member without requiring complicated temperature control and surface processing has not yet been proposed. An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method suitable for manufacturing a complex of ice and a transparent member having a smooth surface and high transparency. Another object of the present invention is to provide an observation method capable of observing a contact surface with ice with high accuracy.

  An apparatus for producing a composite of ice and a transparent member according to the present invention includes an ice making container including a transparent member and having an upper surface opened, a cooler disposed below the ice making container, and an upper part of the ice making container. And a heater disposed. In this manufacturing apparatus, the heater heats the surface of the ice making water supplied to the ice making container, and the cooler cools the ice making water from below.

  The method for producing a composite of ice and a transparent member according to the present invention includes a step of supplying ice-making water to an ice-making container including the transparent member and having an upper surface opened, and the water surface of the ice-making water is heated by a heater. And a step of cooling the ice-making water from below by a cooler.

  Preferably, the manufacturing method further includes one or more steps of supplying ice making water before the surface of the ice making water supplied to the ice making container freezes. Preferably, the manufacturing method further includes a step of removing dissolved gas from the ice making water.

  An ice contact surface observation method according to the present invention includes an ice making container including a transparent member and having an upper surface opened, a cooler disposed below the ice making container, and a heater disposed above the ice making container. And a heater that heats the surface of the ice-making water supplied to the ice-making container, and a cooler cools the ice-making water from below, using a production device, a composite of ice and a transparent member , The step of bringing the observation object into contact with the surface of ice contained in the complex, and the contact surface of the observation object with ice is observed through the transparent member and the ice constituting the complex. Process.

  In the manufacturing apparatus and the manufacturing method according to the present invention, ice having a smooth surface and high transparency is formed in a state of being in contact with a transparent member included in the ice making container. A complex of ice and a transparent member obtained by this production apparatus and production method is suitably used for observing a contact surface between an observation object and ice.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a main configuration of a manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A is a plan view showing the ice making container of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view showing the ice making container of FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a composite manufacturing method by the manufacturing apparatus of FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an overview of an observation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a main configuration of a manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. 6 (a) is a plan view showing the ice making container of FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the ice making container of FIG. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an overview of an observation method according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an ice making container of a manufacturing apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9A is an observation image of the example, and FIG. 9B is an observation image of the comparative example.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments with appropriate reference to the drawings.

  In the explanatory view of FIG. 1, the main configuration of the complex manufacturing apparatus 2 of the ice 28 and the transparent member 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. The manufacturing apparatus 2 includes an ice making container 4, a cooler 6, a heater 8, and a turntable 10. The ice making container 4 is covered with a heat insulating material 20. Examples of the material of the heat insulating material 20 include expanded polystyrene, expanded polyethylene, and glass wool.

  In the manufacturing apparatus 2 according to this embodiment, the turntable 10 is installed on the lifting device 12. The turntable 10 includes a rotating plate 14. The ice making container 4 is installed on the rotating plate 14. The cooler 6 is in contact with the lower surface of the rotating plate 14. The heater 8 is disposed above the ice making container 4. FIG. 1 also shows a tank 16 for ice making water and a water supply pipe 18 extending from the tank 16 to the ice making container 4.

  2A is a plan view showing the ice making container 4 provided in the manufacturing apparatus 2 of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the ice making container 4. As shown in FIG. The ice making container 4 has a bottom plate 22 and side walls 24. The bottom plate 22 is transparent. The side wall 24 is transparent. In other words, the ice making container 4 includes the bottom plate 22 that is the transparent member 30 and the side wall 24 that is the transparent member 30. In the ice making container 4, the bottom plate 22 and the side wall 24 are integrally formed. The bottom plate 22 and the side wall 24 may be detachably joined.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for manufacturing the composite 26 of the ice 28 and the transparent member 30 using the manufacturing apparatus 2 of FIG. In this manufacturing method, first, ice-making water is supplied from the tank 16 to the ice-making container 4 through the water supply pipe 18. The height of the elevating device 12 is adjusted so that the surface of the ice making water supplied to the ice making container 4 and the heater 8 do not come into contact with each other.

  Next, the operation of the turntable 10 is started. The operation of the turntable 10 rotates the rotating plate 14 and the ice making container 4 installed on the rotating plate 14. The rotation axis P of the rotating plate 14 is shown as a one-dot chain line in FIG.

  The operation of the cooler 6 and the heater 8 is disclosed simultaneously with the operation of the turntable 10 or after the operation of the turntable 10. The cooler 6 cools the ice making water from below via the rotating plate 14 and the bottom plate 22. The heater 8 heats the water surface of ice making water. By adjusting the cooling temperature and the heating temperature, the ice making water starts to freeze from the vicinity of the bottom plate 22. The ice 28 generated in the vicinity of the bottom plate 22 grows toward the water surface.

  When the thickness of the ice 28 grown to the vicinity of the water surface does not reach the target thickness, new ice making water is supplied to the ice making container 4. It is preferable that new ice making water is supplied before the water surface of the ice making water in the ice making container 4 is completely frozen. New ice making water supply, cooling and heating are repeated until the ice 28 reaches the desired thickness.

  When the thickness of the ice 28 reaches the target thickness, the operation of the heater 8 is stopped. When the heater 8 is stopped, the water surface of the ice making water freezes. After the entire amount of supplied ice-making water is frozen, the operations of the cooler 6 and the turntable 10 are stopped, and the ice 28 and the ice-making container 4 containing the ice 28 are taken out from the manufacturing apparatus 2. The ice 28 and the ice making container 4 are not separated and are used in an ice contact surface observation method described later. In this embodiment, the ice 28 and the ice making container 4 containing the ice 28 are a composite 26 of the ice 28 and the transparent member 30.

  FIG. 4 shows an outline of the ice contact surface observation method using the composite 26 obtained by the manufacturing apparatus 2 according to the present invention. As illustrated, the observation object 34 is in contact with the surface of the ice 28 of the complex 26. An imaging device such as a camera 32 is installed on the opposite side of the observation object 34 across the complex 26. In this observation method, the contact surface between the ice 28 and the observation object 34 is observed through the ice 28 and the transparent member 30. The observation may be performed visually without using the photographing apparatus. In order to further improve the observation accuracy, a method of irradiating light of an appropriate wavelength to the ice 28 or the transparent member 30 may be taken.

  In the production apparatus 2 according to the present invention, the water surface that is not frozen is maintained while the freezing process of the ice making water started from the vicinity of the bottom plate 22 of the ice making container 4 progresses upward. Bubbles generated in the freezing process can be easily detached from the water surface that is not frozen. There are few air bubbles contained in the ice 28 obtained from this ice-making water. This ice 28 is transparent. Furthermore, the water surface which does not freeze is flat. By freezing the flat water surface, ice 28 having a smooth surface is obtained. According to the manufacturing apparatus 2 according to the present invention, it is possible to easily obtain the complex 26 of the ice 28 and the transparent member 30 having a smooth surface and high transparency. This composite 26 has sufficient strength to be used for observation of the ice contact surface. The image of the ice contact surface obtained through the ice 28 having a smooth surface and the transparent member 30 is clear.

  In the present specification, the smoothness of the ice 28 is mainly evaluated visually. In the ice contact surface observation method according to the present invention, the ice 28 having a surface smooth enough to obtain a clear observation image free from light interference and refraction is preferable. It is also possible to evaluate by a known method such as laser light scattering.

  In the present specification, the transparency of the ice 28 is evaluated by the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 300 nm or more and 2500 nm or less measured in accordance with the standard of “JIS R3106”. From the viewpoint of not obstructing the observation of the ice contact surface, the ice 28 having a transmittance of 80% or more is preferable, and the ice 28 having 90% or more is more preferable.

  A preferable thickness of the ice 28 is 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less. Ice 28 having a thickness of 2 mm or more is unlikely to break when in contact with the observation object 34. From this viewpoint, a more preferable thickness is 3 mm or more, and a more preferable thickness is 4 mm or more. In the composite 26 including the ice 28 having a thickness of 10 mm or less, the ice contact surface can be clearly observed. From this viewpoint, a more preferable thickness is 9 mm or less, and a more preferable thickness is 8 mm or less. The thickness of the ice 28 is adjusted mainly by changing the depth of ice making water supplied to the ice making container 4.

  A suitable material for the transparent member 30 is glass. Borosilicate glass is preferred because of its high transparency, hardness and resistance to damage. The material of the transparent member 30 may be a synthetic resin. Examples include (meth) acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and the like. Preferred resins from the viewpoints of transparency and strength are acrylic resins and polycarbonates. In the present specification, the transparency of the transparent member 30 is evaluated by the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 300 nm or more and 2500 nm or less, which is measured according to the standard of “JIS R3106”. The transparent member 30 having a transmittance of 70% or more is preferable, and the transparent member 30 having a transmittance of 80% or more is more preferable.

  From the viewpoint that clear observation is possible in the ice contact surface observation method, the transmittance of the composite 26 of the ice 28 and the transparent member 30 is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.

  In the composite 26 manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus 2 of FIG. 1, the transparent member 30 used for observation of the ice contact surface is the bottom plate 22 of the ice making container 4. In this composite 26, the size of the bottom plate 22 contributes to the size of the observation field in the ice contact surface observation. The shape of the bottom plate 22 can be arbitrarily selected as long as a visual field large enough to observe the ice contact surface is obtained.

  A double arrow t1 shown in FIG. 2B is the thickness of the bottom plate 22. From the viewpoint of transparency and cooling efficiency, the thickness t1 is preferably 10 mm or less, and more preferably 9 mm or less. From the viewpoint of durability, the thickness t1 is preferably 5 mm or more, and more preferably 6 mm or more.

  The production apparatus 2 according to the present invention is used under a condition of an atmospheric temperature of 20 ° C. or lower in order to suppress remelting of the generated ice 28 and the like. From the viewpoint of easy temperature adjustment, the preferable ambient temperature is 5 ° C. or higher.

  Preferably, the temperature of ice making water supplied to the ice making container 4 is 0 ° C. or higher and 10 ° C. or lower. From the viewpoint of production efficiency, a more preferable temperature is 2 ° C. or higher and 8 ° C. or lower.

  Preferably, dissolved gas is removed from the ice making water before being supplied to the ice making container 4 by the deaeration device. By removing the dissolved gas, mixing of bubbles into the ice 28 is suppressed. A known degassing device such as a vacuum decompression method, an ultrasonic method, a heating boiling method, a centrifugal separation method, or a hollow fiber membrane method can be used.

  More preferably, impurities that can become the core of bubble generation are removed from the ice making water. For removing impurities, a commonly used method such as a distillation method or a membrane separation method is used.

  In the manufacturing apparatus 2, high transparency is achieved by gradually growing the ice 28 from the lower side of the ice-making water toward the water surface. Preferably, the set temperature of the cooler 6 is adjusted so that the temperature of the water for ice making in the vicinity of the bottom plate 22 of the ice making container 4 is −15 ° C. or more and 0 ° C. or less. Since this ice-making water is gradually frozen from the lower side, the generated bubbles can move upward without being confined in the ice 28. A more preferable temperature from this viewpoint is −10 ° C. or higher and −5 ° C. or lower.

  Preferably, the set temperature of the heater 8 is adjusted so that the surface temperature of the ice making water is 4 ° C. or higher and 15 ° C. or lower. The formation of ice 28 is suppressed on the surface of the ice making water. From this water surface, bubbles moving from the lower side can be easily detached. From this viewpoint, a more preferable water surface temperature is 5 ° C. or higher and 10 ° C. or lower.

  The rotation speed of the rotating plate 14 on which the ice making container 4 is installed is appropriately selected within a range of 2 rpm to 50 rpm. The rotation of the rotating plate 14 avoids local heating or cooling of the ice making water, and the ice 28 having a smooth surface is formed. A preferable rotation speed from this viewpoint is 4 rpm or more and 20 rpm or less.

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a manufacturing apparatus 36 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The manufacturing apparatus 36 includes an ice making container 38, a cooler 40, a heater 42, and a turntable 44. The ice making container 38 is covered with the heat insulating material 20. The basic configuration of the manufacturing apparatus 36 is the same as that of the manufacturing apparatus 2 shown in FIG. 1 except for the shape of the ice making container 38 and the position of the heater 42.

  6A is a plan view of an ice making container 38 provided in the manufacturing apparatus 36 of FIG. 5, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the ice making container 38. As shown in FIG. The ice making container 38 has a donut-shaped groove 50.

  When the manufacturing apparatus 36 shown in FIG. 5 is used, ice making water is supplied to the groove 50 of the ice making container 38. In the manufacturing apparatus 36, the heater 42 is disposed above the groove 50 of the ice making container 38. The ice making container 38 rotates around the rotation axis P by the operation of the turntable 44. As the ice making container 38 rotates, the heater 42 sequentially and uniformly heats the water surface of the ice making water. The cooler 40 cools the ice-making water from below through the rotating plate 46 and the bottom surface of the groove 50. By cooling and heating, the ice making water begins to freeze near the bottom surface of the groove 50, and the ice 54 gradually grows toward the water surface. In this manufacturing apparatus 36, ice 54 having a smooth surface and a transparent surface is formed in the groove 50 of the ice making container 38. The ice 54 has a donut shape. In the manufacturing apparatus 36, the doughnut-shaped ice 54 and the ice making container 38 containing the ice 54 are a composite 52 of the ice 54 and the transparent member 56.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of an ice contact surface observation method using the composite 52 manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus 36 of FIG. As illustrated, in this embodiment, the ice 54 and the ice making container 38 including the ice 54 are installed on the turntable 45. The ice 54 and the ice making container 38 containing the ice 54 are rotated by the operation of the turntable 45. The rotation axis R of the turntable 45 is shown as a one-dot chain line in FIG. In the observation method according to this embodiment, the observation object 58 is in contact with the rotating ice 54. In this observation method, the contact surface between the observation object 58 and the rotating ice 54 can be clearly observed through the ice 54 and the bottom surface of the groove 50.

  As shown in FIG. 7, in this complex 52, the area of the bottom surface of the groove 50 contributes to the size of the observation field in the ice contact surface observation. The area of the bottom surface of the groove 50 is determined by the inner diameter of the ice making container 38 and the width of the groove 50. A double arrow D shown in FIG. 6A is the inner diameter of the ice making container 38, and a double arrow d is the width of the groove 50.

  From the viewpoint of obtaining a large observation field, the inner diameter D is preferably 100 mm or more, and more preferably 110 mm or more. From the viewpoint of easy manufacture, the inner diameter D is preferably 180 mm or less, and more preferably 170 mm or less.

  In light of obtaining a large observation field, the width d of the groove 50 is preferably equal to or greater than 40 mm, and more preferably equal to or greater than 45 mm. In light of ease of manufacture, the width d is preferably equal to or less than 70 mm, and more preferably equal to or less than 65 mm.

  The thickness of the bottom surface of the groove 50 contributes to the clarity of the visual field in the ice contact surface observation. A double arrow t <b> 2 shown in FIG. 6B is the thickness of the bottom surface of the groove 50. In light of obtaining a clear visual field, the thickness t2 is preferably 10 mm or less, and more preferably 9 mm or less. From the viewpoint of durability, the thickness t2 is preferably 5 mm or more, and more preferably 6 mm or more.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of an ice making container 62 provided in a manufacturing apparatus 60 according to still another embodiment of the present invention. The ice making container 62 includes a main material 64 and a transparent substrate 66 detachably joined to the main material 64. The main material 64 has a bottom plate 68 and a side wall 70. The transparent member 76 in the ice making container 62 is a substrate 66.

  The basic configuration and operation of the manufacturing apparatus 60 including the ice making container 62 are the same as those of the manufacturing apparatus 2 shown in FIG. When this manufacturing apparatus 60 is used, the ice making water supplied to the ice making container 62 is cooled by the cooler via the rotating plate, the bottom plate 68 of the main material 64 and the substrate 66. In this ice making container 62, ice 74 gradually grows from the vicinity of the substrate 66 toward the water surface. According to this ice making device, the ice 74 having a smooth surface and a transparent surface is formed on the substrate 66.

  A composite 72 obtained by the manufacturing apparatus 60 according to this embodiment is a composite 72 of ice 74 and a substrate 66. The composite 72 of the ice 74 and the substrate 66 is removed from the main material 64 and used for observation of the ice contact surface. In this complex 72, an ice contact surface is observed through the ice 74 and the substrate 66. From the viewpoint of improving the clarity of the observation field, the thickness of the substrate 66 is preferably 8 mm or less, and more preferably 6 mm or less. From the viewpoint of strength, the thickness of the substrate 66 is preferably 2 mm or more, and more preferably 3 mm or more.

  As the material of the substrate 66, the materials described above with respect to the transparent member 30 of the first embodiment are preferably used. The material and shape of the main material 64 are not particularly limited, and are appropriately selected in consideration of cooling efficiency and heating efficiency. The ice making container 4 provided in the manufacturing apparatus 2 according to the first embodiment may be used as the main material 64.

  Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be clarified by examples. However, the present invention should not be construed in a limited manner based on the description of the examples.

[Example 1]
Ice-making water from which impurities were removed was prepared using a pure water production apparatus (PP-101 manufactured by Shibata Kagaku). 5 ml of this ice making water (water temperature 2 ° C.) was supplied to the ice making container of the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. The supply rate of ice making water was 10 ml / h. The material of the ice making container is borosilicate glass (trade name “BK7” of Schott Co.) and has a disk-like bottom plate (diameter 160 mm, thickness 8 mm).

  A heater (set temperature of 50 ° C.), a cooler (set temperature of −5 ° C.), and a turntable (rotary plate thickness of 1 mm, rotation speed of 10 rpm) were operated to start cooling and heating water for ice making. At this time, the temperature of water for ice making near the bottom plate of the ice making container was −10 ° C., and the temperature of the water surface was 5 ° C. Thereafter, before the water surface of the ice making water was frozen, 5 ml of new ice making water was supplied four times, and cooling and heating were repeated to produce a composite of the ice and the transparent member of Example 1. The ice thickness of the composite was 5 mm. The ice transmittance was 90%. As a result of visual observation, no irregularities were observed on the surface of the ice.

[Comparative Example 1]
The ice-making container of Example 1 was supplied with 25 ml of ice-making water into a container having the same shape and size, and was allowed to stand in a freezer, thereby producing a composite of ice and transparent member of Comparative Example 1. The ice thickness was about 5 mm. This ice was partially cloudy. On the surface of this ice, many irregularities were recognized visually.

[Ice contact surface observation test]
The composites of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to the ice contact surface observation test of FIG. The observation object is a rubber piece. A plurality of slits are carved in parallel on the outer surface of the rubber piece. The outer surface of the rubber piece brought into contact with ice of each composite was photographed with a camera through ice and a transparent member.

  An image obtained through ice and a transparent member of the composite of Example 1 is shown in FIG. 9 (a). In FIG. 9A, the region indicated by reference numeral R1 is a contact surface between the rubber piece and ice, and the region indicated by reference numeral R2 is a rubber piece not in contact with ice. One of the slits carved on the outer surface of the rubber piece is shown as S. In FIG. 9A, it is easy to distinguish between the region R1 and the region R2. In this image, the outline of the slit is clear. By using the composite of Example 1, the shape of the outer surface of the rubber piece in contact with ice could be clearly observed in detail.

  An image obtained through the ice of the composite of Comparative Example 1 and the transparent member is shown in FIG. 9B. As shown in the figure, it was difficult to determine the contact state between the rubber piece and ice from this image, and the shape of the outer surface of the rubber piece in contact with ice could not be clearly observed.

  From the evaluation results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 described above, the superiority of the present invention is clear.

  The composite of ice and a transparent member manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention can also be used for measuring the friction coefficient of various substances on the ice surface.

2, 36, 60 ... Manufacturing device 4, 38, 62 ... Ice making container 6, 40 ... Cooler 8, 42 ... Heater 10, 44, 45 ... Turntable 12, 48 .. Lifting device 14, 46 ... Rotary plate 16 ... Tank 18 ... Water supply pipe 20 ... Insulating material 22,68 ... Bottom plate 24,70 ... Side wall 26,52,72 ... Composite 28, 54, 74 ... Ice 30, 56, 76 ... Transparent member 32 ... Camera 34, 58 ... Observation object 50 ... Groove 64 ... Main material 66 ... ·substrate

Claims (5)

An ice making container including a transparent member and having an upper surface opened; a cooler disposed below the ice making container; and a heater disposed above the ice making container,
An apparatus for manufacturing a composite of ice and a transparent member, wherein the heater heats the surface of the ice-making water supplied to the ice-making container, and the cooler cools the ice-making water from below. A step of supplying ice making water to an ice making container including a transparent member and having an upper surface opened;
A method for producing a composite of ice and a transparent member, wherein the surface of the ice-making water is heated by a heater, and the ice-making water is cooled from below by a cooler.   The manufacturing method according to claim 2, further comprising one or more steps of supplying ice making water to the ice making container before the surface of the ice making water supplied to the ice making container is frozen.   The manufacturing method according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a step of removing dissolved gas from the ice-making water. An ice making container including a transparent member and having an upper surface opened; a cooler disposed below the ice making container; and a heater disposed above the ice making container. Heating the surface of the ice-making water supplied to the ice-making container, and using the manufacturing apparatus in which the cooler cools the ice-making water from below, producing a composite of ice and a transparent member;
A step of bringing an observation object into contact with the surface of ice contained in the complex;
An ice contact surface observation method including a step of observing a contact surface of the observation object with ice through the transparent member constituting the complex and the ice.

Images