JP2015117820A - Cooling structure of bearing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cooling structure of a bearing device which can equally cool rolling bearings in a circumferential direction, and can efficiently cool an inner ring spacer which is interposed between inner rings of the rolling bearings, in the bearing device having a plurality of the rolling bearings which are aligned in an axial direction.SOLUTION: In a bearing device J, an outer ring spacer 4 and an inner ring spacer 5 are interposed between outer rings 2 and between inner rings 3 of a plurality of rolling bearings 1 which are aligned in an axial direction, the outer rings 2 and the inner rings 4 are arranged in a housing, and the inner rings 3 and an inner ring spacer 5 are fit to a shaft. A plurality of nozzles 12 for blowing cooling winds to an external peripheral face of the inner ring spacer 5 are arranged at the outer ring spacer 4. For example, the nozzles 12 are arranged in a plurality of aligning rows at the outer ring spacer 4 in an axial direction and a circumferential direction, respectively.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cooling structure for a bearing device, for example, a main shaft of a machine tool and a cooling structure for a bearing device incorporated in the main shaft.

  In a spindle device of a machine tool, in order to ensure machining accuracy, it is necessary to suppress a temperature rise of the device. However, recent machine tools have a tendency to increase the speed in order to improve the processing efficiency, and the heat generated from the bearing supporting the main shaft is also increasing as the speed increases. In addition, so-called motor built-in type in which a driving motor is incorporated in the apparatus is becoming more and more a cause of heat generation of the apparatus.

  The rise in the temperature of the bearing due to heat generation results in an increase in preload, and we want to suppress it as much as possible in consideration of higher speed and higher accuracy of the spindle. As a method of suppressing the temperature rise of the bearing, there is a method of cooling the shaft and the bearing by sending cold air to the bearing (for example, Patent Document 1). In patent document 1, the cooling effect is heightened by injecting cold wind at an angle in the rotational direction of the shaft to form a swirling flow.

JP 2000-161375 A

  Since the cooling method using the cold air has a high cooling effect, it can be expected to effectively suppress the temperature rise of the bearing. However, since the cooling structure described in Patent Document 1 is provided with only one cold air injection pipe for injecting cold air (in the illustrated example), the bearings are not cooled uniformly, and a problem due to temperature unevenness occurs. obtain.

  When cooling a plurality of bearings arranged in the axial direction, as shown in Patent Document 1, due to the structure of the spindle device, cool air supplied from the outside of the device is introduced into the space between the plurality of bearings from the outer diameter side. It is realistic to introduce and send to each bearing via the space. In that case, it is important to efficiently cool the inner ring spacer interposed between the inner rings of the bearings. The reason for this is not only cooling the bearing directly with cold air, but also cooling the inner ring of the bearing that is in contact with the inner ring spacer with the inner ring spacer cooled by cold air, thereby further suppressing the temperature rise of the bearing. Because it can.

  Further, when there is only one nozzle, there is the following problem. That is, when a large amount of cold air is discharged from one nozzle toward the inner ring spacer, the flow velocity becomes the maximum speed (for example, the speed of sound) at the discharge port of the nozzle. If the clearance between the nozzle outlet and the inner ring spacer is narrow, the pressure in this clearance tends to increase, and a compression wave is generated. When the compression wave is generated, the straight flow of the cold air discharged from the nozzle is inhibited and diffused in the axial direction. As a result, the time during which the cool air contacts the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer is shortened, and the inner ring spacer and the inner ring are exhausted without being sufficiently cooled, thereby reducing the cooling effect.

  An object of the present invention is to efficiently cool the rolling bearing and the shaft by uniformly cooling the inner ring spacer interposed between the inner rings of each rolling bearing in a bearing device having a plurality of rolling bearings arranged in the axial direction. It is also possible to provide a cooling structure for a bearing device that can further enhance the cooling effect by suppressing the generation of compression waves up to the gap between the discharge port of the nozzle that discharges cold air and the inner ring spacer.

  According to the cooling structure of the bearing device of the present invention, an outer ring spacer and an inner ring spacer are respectively interposed between outer rings and inner rings of a plurality of rolling bearings arranged in the axial direction, and the outer ring and the outer ring spacer are installed in a housing, In the bearing device in which the inner ring and the inner ring spacer are fitted to the shaft, the outer ring spacer is provided with a plurality of nozzles that blow cool air against the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer. A plurality of the nozzles may be provided side by side in the axial direction, or a plurality of nozzles may be provided side by side in the circumferential direction. The nozzles may be provided in a plurality of arrays in the axial direction and the circumferential direction.

  According to this configuration, cool air is blown from the nozzle provided in the outer ring spacer to the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer to cool the inner ring spacer. And the inner ring | wheel of the rolling bearing which contact | connects this inner ring | wheel spacer is cooled with the cooled inner ring | wheel spacer. The cold air is blown onto the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer, and then sent through the clearance between the inner ring spacer and the outer ring spacer into the rolling bearing to directly cool the rolling bearing. The shaft is also cooled by the cooled inner ring spacer and inner ring. In this way, not only the rolling bearing is directly cooled by cold air, but also the inner ring of the rolling bearing is cooled by the inner ring spacer cooled by the cold air, so that the temperature rise of the rolling bearing and the shaft can be further effectively suppressed. Can do.

  Since a plurality of nozzles are provided, it is possible to cool the inner ring spacer substantially uniformly in either or both of the axial direction and the circumferential direction. Specifically, when a plurality of nozzles are provided side by side in the circumferential direction, the inner ring spacer can be efficiently cooled substantially uniformly in the circumferential direction. When a plurality of nozzles are provided side by side in the axial direction, the inner ring spacer can be cooled almost uniformly and efficiently in the axial direction. When a plurality of nozzles are provided in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, the inner ring spacer can be cooled substantially uniformly in both the axial direction and the circumferential direction. When the inner ring spacer is cooled evenly, the rolling bearing and the shaft are also cooled uniformly, and the adverse effects due to temperature unevenness can be eliminated.

  Further, when a plurality of nozzles are provided, the flow rate of the cold air discharged from one nozzle can be reduced. As a result, even if the clearance between the nozzle outlet and the inner ring spacer is narrow, the pressure of this clearance is unlikely to increase, and the strength of the compression wave generated in the vicinity of the nozzle outlet in the clearance can be kept low. As a result, the cool air discharged from the nozzle advances straight and is blown directly onto the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer. Therefore, compared with the case where the cold air is blocked by the compression wave and diffused in the axial direction, the time during which the cold air contacts the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer is increased, and the cooling effect is improved.

When the outer ring spacer is provided with a plurality of nozzles in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, the nozzle has a plurality of nozzle rows in which the nozzles are arranged in the circumferential direction in the axial direction, and the two sets of the nozzles adjacent to each other. You may shift the circumferential direction position of each nozzle mutually between nozzle rows.
The cold air discharged from the nozzle has a high flow velocity (low pressure) in the vicinity of the nozzle discharge port, and has a strong straightness in the circumferential direction. However, when it leaves | separates from a nozzle discharge port, a flow velocity becomes slow and it becomes easy to spread | diffuse by flowing to an axial direction. If the circumferential positions of the nozzles are shifted from each other between the two sets of nozzle rows adjacent to each other, the nozzle discharge port of the adjacent nozzle row is located in the vicinity where the flow velocity becomes slow, and the vicinity thereof is a low pressure region. ing. Since the cold air is suppressed from being diffused in the axial direction by being drawn into the low pressure region, the straightness of the cold air discharged from the nozzle is improved. Thereby, the cooling effect is further enhanced.

  In the cooling structure for a bearing device according to the present invention, the clearance between the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring spacer where the nozzle discharge port is located and the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer facing the nozzle is the diameter of the nozzle. It is preferable that the distance from the discharge port to the location where the cold air hits on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer is 0.7 mm or more.

By setting the clearance size to ½ or less of the nozzle diameter, the pressure of the nozzle outlet increases, and rapid expansion of cold air is suppressed. Thereby, the injection sound of cold wind can be reduced. The upper limit of the clearance dimension is set so that the inner ring spacer does not contact the outer ring spacer due to the temperature rise of the inner ring spacer that occurs during operation and expansion due to centrifugal force.
Tests have found that the distance from the discharge port to the location where the cold air hits the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer is 0.7 mm or more, and the noise reduction effect is maintained while maintaining the cooling effect. Regardless of the bearing size (spacer diameter), by securing the distance to 0.7 mm or more, it is possible to obtain the effect of having a noise reduction effect while maintaining such a cooling effect.

  In the cooling structure of the bearing device according to the present invention, the outer ring spacer includes an annular space formed along a circumferential direction of the outer ring spacer, and cold air connected to the annular space and supplied with cold air from the outside of the device. An outer diameter side component having a supply port and the plurality of nozzles communicating between the annular space and an inner peripheral surface, the outer ring spacer having a circumferential groove serving as the annular space and the cold air supply port; The inner diameter part having the plurality of nozzles may be joined to each other.

With this configuration, cold air supplied from the outside of the apparatus enters the annular space from the cold air supply port, and further blows from the annular space through the nozzles to the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer. By simply supplying cold air to at least one cold air supply port, it is possible to blow out cold air from a plurality of nozzles provided in a plurality of arrays in the axial direction and circumferential direction, thereby simplifying the supply path of the cold air from the outside of the apparatus. Can do.
The outer ring spacer is divided into an outer diameter side part having a circumferential groove and a cold air supply port that forms an annular space, and an inner diameter side part having a plurality of nozzles, and both members are joined to each other. Further, the annular space, the cold air supply port, and the plurality of nozzles can be easily formed.

In the cooling structure for a bearing device according to the present invention, the plurality of nozzles may be provided to be inclined forward in the rotational direction.
With this configuration, the cool air blown from the nozzle becomes a swirl flow along the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer and flows stably in the rotational direction of the shaft. Thereby, it can be expected that the surface of the inner ring spacer is deprived of heat and effectively cooled.

  Further, in the cooling structure for a bearing device of the present invention, the outer ring spacer has a plurality of sets of cold air passages composed of a combination of the annular space, the cold air supply port, and a plurality of nozzles, and the plurality of sets of cold air passages. The nozzles of at least one of the cool air flow paths are provided so as to be inclined forward in the rotation direction when the shaft rotates in the forward rotation direction, and the nozzles of the other cool air flow paths are rotated in the reverse direction. It is also possible to provide a cold air switching means that is provided so as to incline forward in the direction of rotation when rotating in the direction and can individually switch ON / OFF the supply of the cold air to each of the cold air flow paths.

  In this case, by appropriately switching ON / OFF the supply of the cold air to each cold air flow path by the cold air switching means according to the rotation direction of the shaft, when the shaft rotates in the forward rotation direction, the cold air blown from the nozzle is When only the cool air flow path that becomes the swirl flow in the forward rotation direction is turned ON and the shaft rotates in the reverse rotation direction, only the cold air flow path that turns the cold air blown from the nozzle in the reverse rotation direction is turned ON. Thereby, even when the shaft rotates in either the forward or reverse direction, the inner ring spacer and the inner ring can be effectively cooled by taking the heat of the surface of the inner ring spacer with the cold air.

The cooling structure for a bearing device according to the present invention is particularly effective when each of the nozzles has a shape capable of discharging cold air at a flow velocity about the speed of sound.
In this case, a high-speed cold wind of about the speed of sound is discharged from the nozzle and a compression wave is likely to be generated. However, by using the cooling structure of the bearing device of the present invention, it is possible to prevent a strong compression wave from being generated.

  The cooling structure for a bearing device according to the present invention can be suitably used for supporting the spindle of a machine tool. In this case, the rolling bearing can be cooled evenly in the circumferential direction, and the inner ring spacer interposed between the inner rings of the respective rolling bearings can be efficiently cooled, so that operation in a high speed region is possible.

  According to the cooling structure of the bearing device of the present invention, an outer ring spacer and an inner ring spacer are respectively interposed between outer rings and inner rings of a plurality of rolling bearings arranged in the axial direction, and the outer ring and the outer ring spacer are installed in a housing, In the bearing device in which the inner ring and the inner ring spacer are fitted to the shaft, the outer ring spacer is provided with a plurality of nozzles that blow cool air against the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer, and therefore is interposed between the inner rings of the respective rolling bearings. The inner ring spacer can be cooled evenly, rolling bearings and shafts can be cooled efficiently, and the generation of compression waves up to the gap between the nozzle outlet that discharges cold air and the inner ring spacer is suppressed. The cooling effect can be further enhanced.

It is sectional drawing of the main axis | shaft apparatus incorporating the bearing apparatus provided with the cooling structure which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the bearing apparatus. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 3. It is an exploded sectional view of the outer ring spacer of the bearing device. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the joining method of the outer diameter side components and inner diameter side components of the outer ring spacer. It is sectional drawing of the bearing apparatus provided with the cooling structure which concerns on different embodiment of this invention. It is VIII-VIII sectional drawing of FIG. It is IX-IX sectional drawing of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the bearing apparatus provided with the cooling structure which concerns on further different embodiment of this invention. It is the partial expanded view which looked at the outer ring spacer of the bearing device from the inner peripheral side. It is the figure which looked at the peripheral part of the discharge outlet of the nozzle of the bearing apparatus from the axial direction. It is a figure which shows the pressure distribution near the discharge outlet of a nozzle in the state in which the compression wave has generate | occur | produced. It is a figure which shows temperature distribution near the discharge outlet of a nozzle in the state in which the compression wave has generate | occur | produced. (A), (B) is a figure which shows the relationship between the cross-sectional shape near the discharge outlet of a nozzle, and a mass flow rate, (A) shows the case where there is one nozzle, (B) is a nozzle. A case is shown in which a plurality of are arranged in the circumferential direction. (A), (B) is a figure which shows the relationship between the cross-sectional shape near the discharge outlet of a nozzle, and a mass flow rate, (A) shows the case where there is one nozzle, (B) is a nozzle. A case is shown in which a plurality of are arranged in the axial direction. It is sectional drawing of the nozzle which carried out the other shape.

A cooling structure for a bearing device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 2, this bearing device J includes two rolling bearings 1, 1 arranged in the axial direction, and an outer ring spacer between the outer rings 2, 2 and between the inner rings 3, 3 of each rolling bearing 1, 1. 4 and an inner ring spacer 5 are interposed. The rolling bearing 1 is an angular ball bearing, and a plurality of rolling elements 8 are interposed between the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer rings 3 and 2. The rolling elements 8 are held by the cage 9 at an equal circumference. The two rolling bearings 1 and 1 are arranged in combination with each other on the back surface, and are used by setting the initial preload of each rolling bearing 1 and 1 depending on the width dimension difference between the outer ring spacer 4 and the inner ring spacer 5.

  FIG. 1 shows a state in which the bearing device J is used for supporting a spindle of a machine tool. The outer rings 2 and 2 and the outer ring spacer 4 of the rolling bearings 1 and 1 are fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the housing 6, and the inner rings 3 and 3 and the inner ring spacer 5 of the rolling bearings 1 and 1 are fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 7. Match. The main shaft 7 is an “axis” in the claims. The outer rings 2 and 2 and the outer ring spacer 4 are, for example, a clearance fit with respect to the housing 6, and are positioned in the axial direction by the step portion 6 a of the housing 6 and the end surface lid 20. The inner rings 3 and 3 and the inner ring spacer 5 are, for example, an interference fit with respect to the main shaft 7 and are positioned in the axial direction by the positioning spacers 21 and 22 on both sides. Note that the positioning spacer 22 on the left side of the figure is fixed by a nut 23 screwed onto the main shaft 7.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the outer ring spacer 4 includes an annular space 10 formed along the circumferential direction of the outer ring spacer 4, and cold air from the outside of the apparatus connected to the annular space 10. The cool air supply port 11 to be supplied and a plurality of nozzles 12 communicating between the annular space 10 and the inner peripheral surface are provided. The cold air supply port 11, the annular space 10, and the plurality of nozzles 12 constitute a cold air flow path 13 in the outer ring spacer 4. The plurality of nozzles 12 are provided in a plurality of arrays in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, respectively. In the illustrated example, each nozzle 12 has a constant diameter from the outer diameter end to the inner diameter end, but may have a tapered shape toward the discharge port 12a side at the inner peripheral end. When the cross-sectional area of the cold air supply port 11 is S and the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the discharge ports 12a of the nozzles 12 is S'total, the relationship S'total> S is established. Thereby, the pressure of the cold air discharged from the discharge port 12a of the nozzle 12 is lowered, and the collision sound generated when the cold air collides with the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5 can be reduced.

  Each nozzle 12 is linear, and the discharge port 12a side is inclined forward in the rotation direction of the main shaft 7 (indicated by an arrow in FIG. 3). That is, each nozzle 12 is at a position offset from an arbitrary straight line in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the outer ring spacer 4 in a direction perpendicular to the straight line. The reason for offsetting the nozzle 12 is to increase the cooling effect by causing the cold air jetted from the nozzle 12 to act as a swirling flow in the rotation direction of the main shaft 7.

  The discharge port 12 a of the nozzle 12 faces the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5 via a gap 15. As shown in FIG. 4, which is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 3, the clearance dimension δa of the clearance 15 is set to ½ or less of the diameter D of the nozzle 12. By determining the clearance dimension δa in this way, the pressure at the discharge port 12a of the nozzle 12 is increased, and rapid expansion of cold air is suppressed. Thereby, the injection sound of cold wind can be reduced. The upper limit of the clearance dimension δ is set so that the inner ring spacer 5 does not come into contact with the outer ring spacer 4 due to the temperature rise of the inner ring spacer 5 that occurs during operation and expansion due to centrifugal force.

  Moreover, the distance L from the discharge port 12a to the location P where the cool air hits on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5 is 0.7 mm or more. By determining the distance L as described above, it has been found through tests that the cooling effect on the inner ring spacer 5 is maintained and the noise reduction effect is also achieved. Regardless of the bearing size (spacer diameter), by securing the distance L to 0.7 mm or more, it is possible to obtain the effect of reducing the noise while maintaining such a cooling effect.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the outer ring spacer 4 includes an annular outer diameter side component 4A and an inner diameter side component 4B, respectively. 4A of outer diameter side parts have the circumferential groove | channel 16 which is formed in an internal peripheral surface and becomes the said annular space 10, and the said cold wind supply port 11 which connects the groove bottom face and outer peripheral surface of this circumferential groove 16 mutually. . The inner diameter side component 4 </ b> B includes the plurality of nozzles 12. The outer ring spacer 4 is assembled by joining the outer diameter side part 4A and the inner diameter side part 4B without gaps. The outer diameter side component 4A and the inner diameter side component 4B are joined by, for example, press fitting, bonding using an adhesive, fixing using a pin 17 as shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 1, a cold air supply device 25 is provided outside the spindle device, and the cold air A fed from the cold air supply device 25 passes through the supply port 26 of the end cover 20 and the supply hole 27 in the housing 6, It is supplied to the cold air supply port 11 of the outer ring spacer 4. The rolling bearing 1 on the left side of the figure communicates with the outside of the apparatus through an exhaust hole 28 provided in the end surface lid 20. Further, the rolling bearing 1 on the right side of the figure communicates with the outside of the apparatus through a connection hole 29 and an exhaust hole 30 provided in the housing 6.

  In the bearing device J having this configuration, the cold air supplied from the cold air supply device 25 is discharged from each nozzle 12 through the cold air supply hole 11 and the annular space 10 of the outer ring spacer 4. The discharged cool air is blown to the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5 to cool the inner ring spacer 5. Since the nozzle 12 has the discharge port 12a side inclined forward in the rotation direction of the main shaft 7, the cool air flows as a swirl flow along the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 3 and flows stably in the rotation direction of the main shaft 7. Thereby, it can be expected that the surface of the inner ring 3 is deprived of heat and effectively cooled.

  The cooled inner ring spacer 5 cools the inner ring 3 of the rolling bearing 1 in contact with the inner ring spacer 5. The cold air is blown to the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5 and then sent through the clearance 15 between the inner ring spacer 5 and the outer ring spacer 4 into the rolling bearing 1 to directly cool the rolling bearing 1. The main shaft 7 is also cooled by the cooled inner ring spacer 5 and inner ring 3. Thus, not only the rolling bearing 1 is directly cooled by the cold air, but also the inner ring 3 of the rolling bearing 1 is cooled by the inner ring spacer 5 cooled by the cold air, thereby further increasing the temperature rise of the rolling bearing 1 and the main shaft 7. It can be suppressed more effectively. The cold air that has passed through the rolling bearing 1 is discharged to the outside of the apparatus through the exhaust hole 28, the connection hole 29, and the exhaust hole 30.

  Since the nozzles 12 are provided in a plurality of arrays in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction, the inner ring spacer 5 is cooled substantially uniformly and efficiently in the axial direction and the circumferential direction. Further, since the cool air is sent uniformly in the circumferential direction into the rolling bearing 1, the direct cooling of the rolling bearing 1 by the cool air is also performed uniformly in the circumferential direction. For these reasons, the rolling bearing 1 and the main shaft 7 are cooled uniformly in the circumferential direction, and adverse effects due to temperature unevenness can be eliminated.

  By setting the clearance dimension δ of the clearance 15 between the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring spacer 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5 to be 1/2 or less of the diameter of the nozzle 12, the pressure at the discharge port 12a of the nozzle 12 increases. The rapid expansion of cold air is suppressed. Thereby, the injection sound of cold wind can be reduced. Further, since the total cross-sectional area S'total of the discharge ports 12a of the nozzles 12 is made larger than the cross-sectional area S of the cold air supply port 11, the pressure of the cold air discharged from the discharge ports 12a of the nozzles 12 decreases, It is possible to reduce a collision sound that occurs when the outer surface of the spacer 5 collides. Furthermore, since the distance L from the discharge port 12a of the nozzle 12 to the location P where the cool air hits on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5 is 0.7 mm or more, it has a noise reduction effect while maintaining the cooling effect. it can.

  The outer ring spacer 4 is configured to introduce cold air from one cold air supply port 11 and send the cold air to each nozzle 12 via the annular space 10. Accordingly, the cool air can be evenly distributed to the nozzles 12 and the supply path of the cool air from the cool air supply device 45 to the outer ring spacer 5 in the housing 6 can be simplified. Further, the outer ring spacer 4 has a configuration in which the outer diameter side component 4A and the inner diameter side component 4B are joined to each other, so that the annular space 10, the cold air supply port 11, and the plurality of nozzles 12 are easily provided in the outer ring spacer 4. Can be formed.

  7 to 9 show a cooling structure for a bearing device according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the outer ring spacer 4 of the shaft device J has cold air flow paths 13F, 13R, and 13F formed by combinations of a cold air supply port 11, an annular space 10, and a plurality of nozzles 12 arranged in the axial direction. Three sets are provided. As shown in FIG. 8, each nozzle 12 of the two sets of cold air flow paths 13F on both sides is provided to be inclined forward in the rotation direction when the main shaft 7 rotates in the normal rotation direction (the direction of the arrow). Yes. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, each nozzle 12 of the central cool air flow path 13 </ b> R is provided to be inclined forward in the rotation direction when the main shaft 7 rotates in the reverse rotation direction (the direction of the arrow). As shown in FIG. 7, in the path of cold air from the cold air supply device 45 to the outer ring spacer 4, cold air switching means that can individually switch ON / OFF the supply of cold air to each of the cold air flow paths 13F, 13R, 13F. 32 is provided.

  According to the cooling structure of the bearing device, the main shaft 7 rotates in the forward direction by appropriately switching ON / OFF the supply of the cold air to the cold air flow paths 13F, 13R, 13F by the cold air switching means 32 according to the rotation direction of the main shaft 7. When rotating in the direction, only the cool air flow path 13F in which the cool air blown from the nozzle 12 becomes a swirl flow in the forward rotation direction is turned ON, and when the main shaft 7 rotates in the reverse rotation direction, the cool air blown from the nozzle 12 Only the cool air flow path 13 </ b> R that becomes a swirling flow in the reverse direction is turned ON. Thereby, even when the main shaft 7 rotates in either the forward or reverse direction, the inner ring spacer 5 and the inner ring 3 can be effectively cooled by removing the heat of the surface of the inner ring spacer 5 by the cold air.

  10 and 11 show a cooling structure for a bearing device according to still another embodiment of the present invention. In the cooling structure of the bearing device, a plurality of nozzles 12 are provided in the outer ring spacer 4 in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, respectively, in the same manner as the cooling structure of each bearing device. As shown in FIG. 11, a plurality of nozzle rows 12A, 12B, 12C each having a plurality of nozzles 12 arranged in the circumferential direction are provided in the axial direction (three sets in this example), and between two adjacent nozzle rows. The circumferential positions of the nozzles 12 are shifted from each other. That is, the nozzles 12 are arranged in a staggered manner.

  In this bearing cooling structure, the outer ring spacer 4 is composed of a single component, and the cool air flow path 13 in the outer ring spacer 4 is provided for each of the nozzle rows 12A, 12B, and 12C. The cold air flow path 13 is provided with an annular groove 40 formed in the outer peripheral portion of the outer ring spacer 4 and an inclination toward the front side in the rotation direction of the main shaft 7 from the bottom of the annular groove 40 toward the inner diameter side. A plurality of introduction holes 41 and a nozzle 12 extending coaxially from the leading ends of the introduction holes 41 and having an outlet 12a open on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring spacer 4 are configured. The inner peripheral surface of the outer ring spacer 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5 are opposed to each other through a minute radial gap 43.

  The cooling structure of each bearing device is intended to cool the inner ring spacer 5 evenly, whereas the cooling structure of the bearing device of FIGS. 10 and 11 occurs near the discharge port 12a of the nozzle 12. The main purpose is to enhance the cooling effect by keeping the intensity of the compression wave low. However, since both the cooling structure of each bearing device and the cooling structure of the bearing device of FIGS. 10 and 11 are provided with a plurality of nozzles 12 in the outer ring spacer 4 in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction, The cooling structure of the bearing device can also suppress the strength of the compression wave, and the cooling structure of the bearing device of FIGS. 10 and 11 can cool the inner ring spacer 5 evenly.

  The compression wave will be described. As shown in FIG. 12, when a large amount of cold air A is discharged from the nozzle 12 toward the inner ring spacer 5, the cold air A has a maximum velocity (for example, sound velocity) at the discharge port 12 a of the nozzle 12. When the gap 43 between the outer ring spacer 4 and the rotation spacer 5 is narrow, the pressure of the gap 43 tends to increase, and a compression wave is generated in the gap 43 near the discharge port 12a. At this time, the greater the supply amount of the cold air A, the stronger the compression wave is generated. When the compression wave is generated, the straight flow of the cold air A discharged from the nozzle 12 is inhibited and diffused in the axial direction as shown in FIGS. Thereby, the time for which the cool air A contacts the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5 is shortened, and the cooling effect is reduced. FIG. 13 shows the pressure distribution in the vicinity of the discharge port 12a when the compression wave is generated, and FIG. 14 shows the temperature distribution in the vicinity of the discharge port 12a when the compression wave is generated.

By providing a plurality of nozzles 12, the flow rate of the cold air A discharged from one nozzle 12 is reduced. As a result, even if the gap 43 between the outer ring spacer 4 and the inner ring spacer 5 is narrow, the pressure hardly increases locally in the gap 43, and the strength of the compression wave generated near the discharge port 12a of the nozzle 12 is strong. Is kept low. FIG. 15 is a diagram comparing mass flow rate and compression wave intensity when (A) one nozzle 12 is used and (B) a plurality of nozzles 12 are arranged in the axial direction. FIG. 16 is a diagram comparing the mass flow rate and the compression wave intensity when (A) there is one nozzle 12 and (B) a plurality of nozzles 12 are arranged in the circumferential direction. In any case, it is understood that the mass flow rate and the compression wave intensity are reduced by providing a plurality of nozzles 12.
As described above, the intensity of the compression wave is reduced, so that the cold air A discharged from the nozzle 12 advances straight and is directly blown onto the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5. Therefore, as compared with the case where the cold air A is blocked by the compression wave and diffused in the axial direction, the time for the cold air A to contact the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5 becomes longer, and the cooling effect is improved.

In addition, when the nozzles 12 are arranged in a staggered manner as shown in FIG. 11, the straightness of the cold air discharged from the nozzles 12 is improved for the following reason. Therefore, the straightness of the cool air discharged from the nozzle is improved, and the cooling effect is further enhanced.
Explain why the straightness improves. The cold air discharged from the nozzle 12 has a high flow velocity (low pressure) in the vicinity of the discharge port 12a and a strong straightness in the circumferential direction. However, if it leaves | separates from the discharge outlet 12a, a flow rate will become slow, and it will become easy to spread | diffuse by flowing to an axial direction. When the nozzles 12 are arranged in a staggered manner, the discharge ports 12a of the nozzles 12 in the adjacent nozzle row are located in the vicinity where the flow velocity becomes slow, and the vicinity thereof is the low pressure region 50. Therefore, as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 11, the cold air is prevented from being drawn into the low pressure region 50 and diffusing in the axial direction. Although the drawing by the low pressure region 50 is exaggerated in the figure, it is considered that the time for which the cool air is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer 5 is increased by the fact that the straightness is actually slightly improved. .

  The nozzle 12 may be in the form of a supersonic nozzle as shown in FIG. 17, for example, a Laval nozzle. The supersonic nozzle has a narrow middle portion in the length direction, and can discharge the cold air A at supersonic speed. When such a supersonic nozzle is used for the nozzle 12, the effect of reducing the strength of the compression wave is particularly exerted by the cooling structure of the bearing device.

  Since the cooling structure of the bearing device according to the present invention has a high cooling effect on the inner ring spacer 5 and the inner ring 3 as described in the respective embodiments, the spindle device can be operated in a high speed region. For this reason, this bearing apparatus can be used suitably for support of the spindle of a machine tool.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Rolling bearing 2 ... Outer ring 3 ... Inner ring 4 ... Outer ring spacer 4A ... Outer diameter side part 4B ... Inner diameter side part 5 ... Inner ring spacer 6 ... Housing 7 ... Main shaft (shaft)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Annular space 11 ... Cold air supply port 12 ... Nozzle 12A, 12B, 12C ... Nozzle row 12a ... Discharge port 13, 13F, 13R ... Cold air flow path 15 ... Clearance 16 ... Circumferential groove 32 ... Cold air switching means J ... Bearing device

Claims (11)

An outer ring spacer and an inner ring spacer are interposed between outer rings and inner rings of a plurality of rolling bearings arranged in the axial direction. The outer ring and outer ring spacers are installed in a housing, and the inner ring and inner ring spacers are fitted to the shaft. Bearing device,
A cooling structure for a bearing device, wherein the outer ring spacer is provided with a plurality of nozzles for blowing cool air to the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer.   The bearing structure cooling structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the nozzles are arranged in the outer ring spacer in a circumferential direction.   2. The cooling structure for a bearing device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the nozzles are arranged in the outer ring spacer in the axial direction.   2. The cooling structure for a bearing device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the nozzles are provided in the outer ring spacer in the axial direction and the circumferential direction.   5. The cooling structure for a bearing device according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of nozzle rows each having a plurality of nozzles arranged in the circumferential direction are provided in the axial direction, and the circumference of each nozzle is set between two nozzle rows adjacent to each other. A cooling structure for a bearing device in which the directional positions are shifted from each other.   6. The cooling structure for a bearing device according to claim 1, wherein an inner peripheral surface of the outer ring spacer having an outlet of the nozzle and an inner ring spacer facing the nozzle are disposed. A cooling structure for a bearing device, in which a clearance between the outer peripheral surface and the outer diameter of the nozzle is 1/2 or less, and a distance from the discharge port to a location where the cold air hits the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring spacer is 0.7 mm or more .   The cooling structure for a bearing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the outer ring spacer includes an annular space formed along a circumferential direction of the outer ring spacer, and an annular space. A cold air supply port connected to the space and supplied with cold air from the outside of the device; and the plurality of nozzles communicating between the annular space and the inner peripheral surface, and the outer ring spacer is a circumferential groove serving as the annular space And a cooling structure for a bearing device in which an outer diameter side component having the cold air supply port and an inner diameter side component having the plurality of nozzles are joined to each other.   The cooling structure for a bearing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the plurality of nozzles are provided to be inclined forward in the rotational direction.   9. The cooling structure for a bearing device according to claim 1, wherein the outer ring spacer includes a plurality of sets of cold air flow paths including a combination of the annular space, a cold air supply port, and a plurality of nozzles. The nozzles of at least one of the plurality of sets of cold air flow paths are provided so as to be inclined forward in the rotation direction when the shaft rotates in the normal rotation direction. The nozzle of the passage is provided to be inclined forward in the rotation direction when the shaft rotates in the reverse direction, and the cold air supply to each cold air flow path can be individually switched ON / OFF A cooling structure of a bearing device provided with means.   10. The cooling structure for a bearing device according to claim 1, wherein each of the nozzles has a shape capable of discharging cold air at a flow rate of about sonic speed. 11.   The cooling structure for a bearing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which is used for supporting a main shaft of a machine tool.

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