JP2015075042A - Exhaust purification device - Google Patents

Exhaust purification device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2015075042A
JP2015075042A JP2013212235A JP2013212235A JP2015075042A JP 2015075042 A JP2015075042 A JP 2015075042A JP 2013212235 A JP2013212235 A JP 2013212235A JP 2013212235 A JP2013212235 A JP 2013212235A JP 2015075042 A JP2015075042 A JP 2015075042A
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Prior art keywords
exhaust
urea water
injection nozzle
plate
mixer
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JP2013212235A
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JP6108461B2 (en
Inventor
義典 福井
Yoshinori Fukui
義典 福井
文浩 西浦
Fumihiro Nishiura
文浩 西浦
美和 内田
Yoshikazu Uchida
美和 内田
横山　哲也
Tetsuya Yokoyama
哲也 横山
泰幸 高畑
Yasuyuki Takahata
泰幸 高畑
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Yanmar Co Ltd
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Yanmar Co Ltd
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Application filed by Yanmar Co Ltd filed Critical Yanmar Co Ltd
Priority to JP2013212235A priority Critical patent/JP6108461B2/en
Priority to CN201480055809.2A priority patent/CN105612324B/en
Priority to PCT/JP2014/076778 priority patent/WO2015053256A1/en
Priority to EP14852164.4A priority patent/EP3056704A4/en
Priority to KR1020167011773A priority patent/KR101831750B1/en
Priority to US15/028,336 priority patent/US9732652B2/en
Publication of JP2015075042A publication Critical patent/JP2015075042A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4315—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being deformed flat pieces of material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/087—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits having valves upstream of silencing apparatus for by-passing at least part of exhaust directly to atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/431972—Mounted on an axial support member, e.g. a rod or bar
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/12—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/70—Input parameters for engine control said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
    • F02D2200/701—Information about vehicle position, e.g. from navigation system or GPS signal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an exhaust purification device capable of uniformly mixing exhaust and a reduction agent without being affected by a piping route of an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine.SOLUTION: An exhaust purification device 1, which comprises: a urea water injection nozzle 2 installed in an exhaust pipe 14; and a catalyst reactor 12 installed at a downstream side of the urea water injection nozzle 2, reduces nitrogen oxide in exhaust with a NOx catalyst 13 stored in the catalyst reactor 12 with urea water injected into the exhaust of an engine 18 through a urea water injection nozzle 2. In the exhaust purification device 1, the urea water injection nozzle 2 is arranged in a manner that injects the urea water from an axial center of the exhaust pipe 14 toward the downstream side in a flow direction of the exhaust. Also, a mixer 11, which has a plurality of plate-like members 11b radiating from the axial center of the exhaust pipe 14 with plate surfaces A and B of the plate-like members 11b arranged in a manner that varies angles with respect to the flow direction of the exhaust between at an upstream side and at the downstream side, is installed at an upstream side edge of the catalyst reactor 12.

Description

本発明は、エンジンの排気浄化装置に関する。特に、船舶用の排気浄化装置における尿素水噴射ノズルに関する。   The present invention relates to an exhaust emission control device for an engine. In particular, the present invention relates to a urea water injection nozzle in an exhaust purification device for a ship.

従来、舶用エンジン等からの排気に含まれるＮＯｘ（窒素酸化物）を低減させるために、選択還元型のＮＯｘ触媒（ＳＣＲ触媒）と還元剤とを用いて、ＮＯｘを窒素と水とに還元する排気浄化装置が知られている。例えば、高温の排気中に噴射した尿素水からアンモニアを生成し、ＮＯｘ触媒と接触させることでＮＯｘを窒素と水に還元するものがある。   Conventionally, in order to reduce NOx (nitrogen oxides) contained in exhaust from marine engines or the like, NOx is reduced to nitrogen and water using a selective reduction type NOx catalyst (SCR catalyst) and a reducing agent. An exhaust emission control device is known. For example, there is one that generates ammonia from urea water injected into high-temperature exhaust gas and reduces NOx to nitrogen and water by contacting with the NOx catalyst.

このような排気浄化装置において、ＮＯｘ触媒における還元作用の効率を向上させるため、排気と還元材とを混合する混合器が設けられたものが知られている。排気浄化装置は、混合器によって還元剤を強制的に混合させた排気をＮＯｘ触媒に供給することで排気の還元作用を向上させる。例えば、特許文献１に記載の如くである。   In such an exhaust purification device, there is known one provided with a mixer for mixing exhaust gas and a reducing material in order to improve the efficiency of the reduction action in the NOx catalyst. The exhaust emission control device improves the reduction action of exhaust gas by supplying exhaust gas in which the reducing agent is forcibly mixed by the mixer to the NOx catalyst. For example, as described in Patent Document 1.

しかし、特許文献１に記載の排気浄化装置は、添加剤噴射弁（噴射ノズル）から噴射された添加剤が混合器に直接衝突するように添加剤噴射弁を配置する必要がある。つまり、特許文献１に記載の排気浄化装置は、添加剤噴射弁に対する混合器の位置が制限される。従って、内燃機関の排気管の配管経路によっては排気浄化装置の添加剤噴射弁と混合器とが適切な位置に設置できない問題があった。   However, the exhaust emission control device described in Patent Document 1 needs to arrange the additive injection valve so that the additive injected from the additive injection valve (injection nozzle) directly collides with the mixer. That is, in the exhaust emission control device described in Patent Document 1, the position of the mixer with respect to the additive injection valve is limited. Accordingly, there has been a problem that the additive injection valve and the mixer of the exhaust purification device cannot be installed at appropriate positions depending on the piping path of the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine.

特開２０１１−４７２９３号公報JP 2011-47293 A

本発明は、このような問題を解決すべくなされたものであり、噴射ノズルと混合器とを所定の距離に保つだけでエンジンから触媒反応器までの配管経路に制限されることなく噴射ノズルと混合器とを配置することができる排気浄化装置の提供を目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and the injection nozzle and the mixer are not limited to the piping path from the engine to the catalyst reactor, only by keeping the injection nozzle and the mixer at a predetermined distance. An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust emission control device capable of arranging a mixer.

本発明の解決しようとする課題は以上の如くであり、次にこの課題を解決するための手段を説明する。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is as described above. Next, means for solving the problem will be described.

すなわち、本発明においては、エンジンの排気管内に設けられる噴射ノズルと、排気の流れ方向における噴射ノズルの下流側に設けられる触媒反応器と、を具備し、エンジンの排気に噴射ノズルから還元剤を噴射して触媒反応器に収容されている触媒によって排気中の窒素酸化物を還元する排気浄化装置において、噴射ノズルが排気の流れ方向の下流側に向かって排気管の軸心から還元剤を噴射するように配置され、複数の板状部材が排気管の軸心を中心として放射状に配置され、排気の流れ方向に対する板状部材の上流側端部の角度と排気の流れ方向に対する板状部材の下流側端部の角度とがそれぞれことなる値になるように形成された混合器が、排気の流れ方向における触媒反応器の上流側端部に接続されているものである。   That is, the present invention comprises an injection nozzle provided in the exhaust pipe of the engine and a catalytic reactor provided downstream of the injection nozzle in the exhaust flow direction, and the reducing agent is supplied to the engine exhaust from the injection nozzle. In an exhaust purification device that injects and reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust using a catalyst contained in a catalyst reactor, an injection nozzle injects a reducing agent from the axis of the exhaust pipe toward the downstream side in the exhaust flow direction. The plurality of plate-like members are arranged radially about the axis of the exhaust pipe, and the angle of the upstream end of the plate-like member with respect to the exhaust flow direction and the plate-like member with respect to the exhaust flow direction are arranged. The mixers formed so that the angles of the downstream end portions have different values are connected to the upstream end portion of the catalytic reactor in the exhaust flow direction.

本発明においては、排気の流れ方向に対する前記板状部材の上流側端部の角度よりも排気の流れ方向に対する前記板状部材の下流側端部の角度が大きくなるように板状部材が形成され、板状部材同士が近接する排気管の軸心に、端部が縮小するテーパ形状に形成された芯部材が設けられているものである。   In the present invention, the plate member is formed such that the angle of the downstream end portion of the plate member with respect to the exhaust flow direction is larger than the angle of the upstream end portion of the plate member with respect to the exhaust flow direction. The core member formed in the taper shape which an edge part shrink | contracts is provided in the axial center of the exhaust pipe which plate-shaped members adjoin.

本発明は、以上のように構成したので、以下に示す効果を奏する。   Since this invention was comprised as mentioned above, there exists an effect shown below.

本発明によれば、排気管内に均一に噴射された還元剤が、混合器によって均一に排気と混合されるので排気管に対して方向性を有さない。これにより、噴射ノズルと混合器とを所定の距離に保つだけでエンジンから触媒反応器までの配管経路に制限されることなく噴射ノズルと混合器とを配置することができる。   According to the present invention, since the reducing agent uniformly injected into the exhaust pipe is uniformly mixed with the exhaust gas by the mixer, there is no directionality with respect to the exhaust pipe. As a result, the injection nozzle and the mixer can be arranged without being limited to the piping path from the engine to the catalyst reactor simply by keeping the injection nozzle and the mixer at a predetermined distance.

本発明によれば、還元剤と排気との混合効率が向上する。従って、混合時間を確保するための混合器から触媒反応器までの配管が不要になる。これにより、噴射ノズルと混合器とを所定の距離に保つだけでエンジンから触媒反応器までの配管経路に制限されることなく噴射ノズルと混合器とを配置することができる。   According to the present invention, the mixing efficiency of the reducing agent and the exhaust is improved. Therefore, piping from the mixer to the catalyst reactor for ensuring the mixing time is not necessary. As a result, the injection nozzle and the mixer can be arranged without being limited to the piping path from the engine to the catalyst reactor simply by keeping the injection nozzle and the mixer at a predetermined distance.

本発明に係る排気浄化装置の全体構成を示す概略図。Schematic which shows the whole structure of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る排気浄化装置の混合器の内部を示す断面斜視図。The cross-sectional perspective view which shows the inside of the mixer of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る排気浄化装置の混合器を示す上流側正面図。The upstream front view which shows the mixer of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る排気浄化装置の混合器を示す側面断面図。The side sectional view showing the mixer of the exhaust emission control device according to the present invention. 本発明に係る排気浄化装置の混合器から触媒反応器にかけての排気の流れの態様を示す側面断面図。Side surface sectional drawing which shows the aspect of the flow of the exhaust_gas | exhaustion from the mixer of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on this invention to a catalyst reactor. 本発明に係る排気浄化装置の他の実施形態における混合器を示す側面断面図。Side surface sectional drawing which shows the mixer in other embodiment of the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on this invention.

以下に、図１を用いて本発明に係る排気浄化装置の第一実施形態である排気浄化装置１ついて説明する。なお、本実施形態における「上流側」とは排気の流れ方向における上流側を示し、「下流側」とは排気の流れ方向における下流側を示す。   Hereinafter, an exhaust purification apparatus 1 which is a first embodiment of the exhaust purification apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, “upstream side” indicates the upstream side in the exhaust flow direction, and “downstream side” indicates the downstream side in the exhaust flow direction.

本実施形態において、一の内燃機関であるエンジン（例えば、舶用エンジンにおける主機もしくは補機）に対して排気浄化装置を設ける構成としているがこれに限定されるものでない。複数のエンジン（例えば、舶用エンジンにおける補機）が設置されている場合において、複数のエンジンからの排気をまとめて一の排気浄化装置で浄化する構成や、エンジン毎に排気浄化装置を設ける構成でもよい。   In the present embodiment, an exhaust purification device is provided for an engine (for example, a main engine or an auxiliary machine in a marine engine) that is one internal combustion engine, but the present invention is not limited to this. In the case where a plurality of engines (for example, auxiliary machinery in a marine engine) are installed, a configuration in which exhaust from the plurality of engines is collectively purified by one exhaust purification device, or a configuration in which an exhaust purification device is provided for each engine Good.

排気浄化装置１は、エンジン１８からの排気を浄化する。排気浄化装置１は、尿素水噴射ノズル２、尿素供給流路３、空気供給流路４、加圧空気弁５、エアタンク６、加圧空気供給ポンプ（コンプレッサ）７、切替弁８、尿素水供給ポンプ９、尿素水タンク１０、混合器１１、触媒反応器１２、ＮＯｘ触媒１３、制御装置１７等を具備している。なお、排気浄化装置１は、還元剤として尿素水を使用しているがこれに限定されるものではない。   The exhaust purification device 1 purifies exhaust from the engine 18. The exhaust purification device 1 includes a urea water injection nozzle 2, a urea supply channel 3, an air supply channel 4, a pressurized air valve 5, an air tank 6, a pressurized air supply pump (compressor) 7, a switching valve 8, and urea water supply. A pump 9, a urea water tank 10, a mixer 11, a catalytic reactor 12, a NOx catalyst 13, a control device 17 and the like are provided. In addition, although the exhaust gas purification apparatus 1 uses urea water as a reducing agent, it is not limited to this.

還元剤の噴射ノズルである尿素水噴射ノズル２は、還元剤である尿素水を排気管１４の内部に供給する。尿素水噴射ノズル２は、管状部材から構成され、その一側（噴射口側）をエンジン１８と接続されている排気管１４の外部から内部へ挿通するようにして設けられている。尿素水噴射ノズル２には、尿素水の流路である尿素供給流路３が接続されている。また、尿素水噴射ノズル２には、加圧空気の流路である空気供給流路４が接続されている。   The urea water injection nozzle 2, which is a reducing agent injection nozzle, supplies urea water, which is a reducing agent, into the exhaust pipe 14. The urea water injection nozzle 2 is constituted by a tubular member, and is provided so that one side (injection port side) is inserted from the outside to the inside of the exhaust pipe 14 connected to the engine 18. A urea supply flow path 3 that is a flow path of urea water is connected to the urea water injection nozzle 2. The urea water injection nozzle 2 is connected to an air supply passage 4 that is a passage for pressurized air.

尿素水噴射ノズル２は、排気管１４の軸心から下流側に向かって尿素水を噴射するように配置されている。尿素水噴射ノズル２は、その噴射口を中心として等しい振り分け角度で排気管１４の軸心から尿素水を噴射する。つまり、尿素水噴射ノズル２は、その噴射口を中心とする略円錐状に尿素水を噴射するように構成されている。   The urea water injection nozzle 2 is disposed so as to inject urea water from the axial center of the exhaust pipe 14 toward the downstream side. The urea water injection nozzle 2 injects urea water from the axial center of the exhaust pipe 14 at an equal distribution angle around the injection port. That is, the urea water injection nozzle 2 is configured to inject urea water in a substantially conical shape centered on the injection port.

加圧空気弁５は、加圧空気の流路を連通又は遮断する。加圧空気弁５は、空気供給流路４に設けられる。加圧空気弁５は、電磁弁で構成されソレノイドが制御装置１７と接続されている。加圧空気弁５は、図示しないスプールを摺動させることにより尿素水噴射ノズル２に加圧空気供給ポンプ（コンプレッサ）７によってエアタンク６に加圧された加圧空気を供給可能に構成されている。   The pressurized air valve 5 communicates or blocks the flow path of the pressurized air. The pressurized air valve 5 is provided in the air supply flow path 4. The pressurized air valve 5 is composed of an electromagnetic valve, and a solenoid is connected to the control device 17. The pressurized air valve 5 is configured to be able to supply pressurized air pressurized to the air tank 6 by a pressurized air supply pump (compressor) 7 to the urea water injection nozzle 2 by sliding a spool (not shown). .

切替弁８は、尿素水の流路を切り替える。切替弁８は、空気供給流路４の尿素水供給ポンプ９の下流側に設けられている。切替弁８は、図示しないスプールを摺動させることにより尿素水噴射ノズル２に尿素水供給ポンプ９によって尿素水タンク１０の尿素水を供給可能に構成されている。   The switching valve 8 switches the urea water flow path. The switching valve 8 is provided on the downstream side of the urea water supply pump 9 in the air supply flow path 4. The switching valve 8 is configured to be able to supply urea water in the urea water tank 10 to the urea water injection nozzle 2 by a urea water supply pump 9 by sliding a spool (not shown).

混合器１１は、排気と尿素水とを混合する。混合器１１は、尿素水噴射ノズル２から所定の距離だけ下流側の排気管１４に接続されている。所定の距離とは、尿素水噴射ノズル２から噴射された尿素水が排気管１４内でアンモニアに分解されるために必要な距離である。混合器１１は、排気管１４と同一の内径に形成された円筒状の筐体１１ａの内部に設けられた４枚の板状部材１１ｂと芯部材１１ｃとを具備している。混合器１１は、板状部材１１ｂと芯部材１１ｃとによって混合器１１を通過する排気に旋回流を生じさせるように構成されている（図２参照）。つまり、混合器１１は、排気管１４の中心部分の排気が排気管１４の内壁面の沿って流れるように構成されている。   The mixer 11 mixes exhaust gas and urea water. The mixer 11 is connected to the exhaust pipe 14 on the downstream side by a predetermined distance from the urea water injection nozzle 2. The predetermined distance is a distance necessary for the urea water injected from the urea water injection nozzle 2 to be decomposed into ammonia in the exhaust pipe 14. The mixer 11 includes four plate-like members 11b and a core member 11c provided in a cylindrical casing 11a formed with the same inner diameter as the exhaust pipe 14. The mixer 11 is configured to generate a swirling flow in the exhaust gas passing through the mixer 11 by the plate-like member 11b and the core member 11c (see FIG. 2). That is, the mixer 11 is configured such that the exhaust gas at the central portion of the exhaust pipe 14 flows along the inner wall surface of the exhaust pipe 14.

触媒反応器１２は、内部に配置されたＮＯｘ触媒１３によって排気中のＮＯｘを選択還元する。触媒反応器１２は、一側端部と他側端部とが開口している略直方体形状に形成されている。さらに、触媒反応器１２の一側端部は、縮小するテーパ形状Ｄが形成されている。触媒反応器１２の一側端部には、混合器１１が接続されている。すなわち、触媒反応器１２の一側（上流側）端部には、混合器１１が密接するように配置されている。触媒反応器１２の他側側端部は、縮小するテーパ形状Ｄが形成されている。触媒反応器１２の他側側端部には、排気管１４が接続されている。   The catalytic reactor 12 selectively reduces NOx in the exhaust gas by the NOx catalyst 13 disposed inside. The catalytic reactor 12 is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape in which one end and the other end are open. Furthermore, the taper shape D which shrinks | reduces is formed in the one side edge part of the catalyst reactor 12. FIG. A mixer 11 is connected to one end of the catalyst reactor 12. That is, the mixer 11 is disposed in close contact with one end (upstream side) of the catalytic reactor 12. A taper shape D that decreases is formed at the other side end of the catalyst reactor 12. An exhaust pipe 14 is connected to the other side end of the catalyst reactor 12.

ＮＯｘ触媒１３は、ＮＯｘの還元反応を促進させるものである。ＮＯｘ触媒１３は触媒反応器１２の内部に配置されている。ＮＯｘ触媒１３は、尿素水が熱・加水分解されて生成されるアンモニアが排気に含まれるＮＯｘを窒素と水とに還元する反応を促進させる。   The NOx catalyst 13 promotes a NOx reduction reaction. The NOx catalyst 13 is disposed inside the catalytic reactor 12. The NOx catalyst 13 promotes a reaction in which ammonia produced by heat and hydrolysis of urea water reduces NOx contained in the exhaust gas into nitrogen and water.

ここで、排気管１４について説明する。排気管１４は、エンジン１８からの排気を外部（大気）に排出するものである。排気管１４には、排気浄化装置１の尿素水噴射ノズル２、混合器１１および触媒反応器１２が設けられている。また、排気管１４には、尿素水噴射ノズル２の上流側に分岐管１５と排気の通過経路を切り替える排気切替弁１６ａ・１６ｂが設けられている。つまり、排気管１４には、上流側から、排気切替弁１６ａ・１６ｂ、尿素水噴射ノズル２、混合器１１の順で配置されている。分岐管１５は、排気管１４に接続されている。排気切替弁１６ａは、尿素水噴射ノズル２の上流側であって分岐管１５の下流側の排気管１４の内部に配置されている。排気切替弁１６ｂは、分岐管１５の内部に配置されている。   Here, the exhaust pipe 14 will be described. The exhaust pipe 14 discharges exhaust from the engine 18 to the outside (atmosphere). The exhaust pipe 14 is provided with the urea water injection nozzle 2, the mixer 11, and the catalyst reactor 12 of the exhaust purification device 1. In addition, the exhaust pipe 14 is provided with exhaust pipe switching valves 16 a and 16 b that switch the branch pipe 15 and the exhaust passage route upstream of the urea water injection nozzle 2. That is, in the exhaust pipe 14, the exhaust switching valves 16a and 16b, the urea water injection nozzle 2, and the mixer 11 are arranged in this order from the upstream side. The branch pipe 15 is connected to the exhaust pipe 14. The exhaust gas switching valve 16 a is disposed inside the exhaust pipe 14 upstream of the urea water injection nozzle 2 and downstream of the branch pipe 15. The exhaust gas switching valve 16 b is disposed inside the branch pipe 15.

排気切替弁１６ａ・１６ｂは、互いに連動して開閉可能に構成されている。具体的には、排気切替弁１６ａ・１６ｂは、排気切替弁１６ａが開状態のときに排気切替弁１６ｂを閉状態になり、排気切替弁１６ａが閉状態のときに排気切替弁１６ｂを開状態になるように構成されている。これにより、排気切替弁１６ａが開状態かつ排気切替弁１６ｂが閉状態の場合、排気管１４は、排気が排気浄化装置１に供給される経路が構成される（図１の状態）。一方、排気切替弁１６ａが閉状態かつ排気切替弁１６ｂが開状態の場合、排気管１４は、排気が排気浄化装置１で浄化されずに分岐管１５を通じて外部（大気）に放出される経路が構成される。なお、排気管１４には、上流側から、尿素水噴射ノズル２、排気切替弁１６ａ・１６ｂ、混合器１１の順で配置しても良い。この場合、尿素水を噴射する場合に、排気切替弁１６ｂは閉となるよう制御される。   The exhaust gas switching valves 16a and 16b are configured to open and close in conjunction with each other. Specifically, the exhaust gas switching valves 16a and 16b are closed when the exhaust gas switching valve 16a is open, and are opened when the exhaust gas switching valve 16a is closed. It is configured to be. Thereby, when the exhaust gas switching valve 16a is in the open state and the exhaust gas switching valve 16b is in the closed state, the exhaust pipe 14 forms a path through which the exhaust gas is supplied to the exhaust gas purification device 1 (state in FIG. 1). On the other hand, when the exhaust gas switching valve 16a is closed and the exhaust gas switching valve 16b is open, the exhaust pipe 14 has a path through which the exhaust gas is not purified by the exhaust gas purification device 1 and is released to the outside (atmosphere) through the branch pipe 15. Composed. In addition, you may arrange | position to the exhaust pipe 14 in order of the urea water injection nozzle 2, the exhaust gas switching valve 16a * 16b, and the mixer 11 from the upstream. In this case, when the urea water is injected, the exhaust gas switching valve 16b is controlled to be closed.

また、別実施形態として、分岐管１５の接続部分に排気管１４と分岐管１５とのいずれか一方を選択的に閉状態にする排気切替弁を分岐管１５の接続部分に設ける構成としてもよい。分岐管１５が閉状態の場合、排気管１４は、排気が排気浄化装置１に供給される経路を構成する。一方、排気管１４が閉状態の場合、排気管１４は、排気が排気浄化装置１で浄化されずに分岐管１５を通じて外部（大気）に放出される経路を構成する。   Further, as another embodiment, an exhaust switching valve that selectively closes one of the exhaust pipe 14 and the branch pipe 15 at the connection portion of the branch pipe 15 may be provided at the connection portion of the branch pipe 15. . When the branch pipe 15 is in a closed state, the exhaust pipe 14 constitutes a path through which exhaust gas is supplied to the exhaust purification device 1. On the other hand, when the exhaust pipe 14 is in the closed state, the exhaust pipe 14 constitutes a path through which the exhaust is not purified by the exhaust purification device 1 and is released to the outside (atmosphere) through the branch pipe 15.

制御装置１７は、加圧空気弁５、切替弁８、尿素水供給ポンプ９、排気切替弁１６ａ・１６ｂ等を制御する。制御装置１７には、加圧空気弁５、切替弁８、尿素水供給ポンプ９、排気切替弁１６ａ・１６ｂ等を制御するための種々のプログラムやデータおよび排気の規制海域マップＭ１が格納されている。制御装置１７は、ＣＰＵ、ＲＯＭ、ＲＡＭ、ＨＤＤ等がバスで接続される構成であってもよく、あるいはワンチップのＬＤＩ等からなる構成であってもよい。また、制御装置１７は、エンジン１８を制御するＥＣＵ１９と一体的に構成することも可能である。   The control device 17 controls the pressurized air valve 5, the switching valve 8, the urea water supply pump 9, the exhaust gas switching valves 16a and 16b, and the like. The control device 17 stores various programs and data for controlling the pressurized air valve 5, the switching valve 8, the urea water supply pump 9, the exhaust gas switching valves 16a and 16b, and the like, and an exhaust restriction sea area map M1. Yes. The control device 17 may be configured such that a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an HDD, and the like are connected by a bus, or may be configured by a one-chip LDI or the like. The control device 17 can also be configured integrally with an ECU 19 that controls the engine 18.

制御装置１７は、加圧空気弁５、切替弁８、尿素水供給ポンプ９、排気切替弁１６ａ・１６ｂおよびＥＣＵ１９にそれぞれ接続されている。また、制御装置１７は、ＧＰＳ（全地球測位システム）装置２０に接続されている。   The control device 17 is connected to the pressurized air valve 5, the switching valve 8, the urea water supply pump 9, the exhaust gas switching valves 16a and 16b, and the ECU 19, respectively. The control device 17 is connected to a GPS (Global Positioning System) device 20.

制御装置１７は、ＥＣＵ１９からエンジン１８に関する各種情報をそれぞれ取得することが可能である。制御装置１７は、ＧＰＳ（全地球測位システム）装置２０に接続され、ＧＰＳ装置２０が検出した位置を取得することが可能である。また、制御装置１７は、加圧空気弁５、尿素水供給ポンプ９、切替弁８および排気切替弁１６ａ・１６ｂをそれぞれ制御することが可能である。   The control device 17 can acquire various types of information related to the engine 18 from the ECU 19. The control device 17 is connected to a GPS (Global Positioning System) device 20 and can acquire a position detected by the GPS device 20. The control device 17 can control the pressurized air valve 5, the urea water supply pump 9, the switching valve 8, and the exhaust switching valves 16a and 16b, respectively.

このように構成される排気浄化装置１において、例えば船舶に搭載されている場合、制御装置１７は、ＧＰＳ装置２０が検出した船舶の現在位置を取得し、規制海域マップＭ１から現在位置が排気の規制海域であるか否か判断する。制御装置１７は、現在位置が排気の規制海域であると判断した場合、排気切替弁１６ａを開状態かつ排気切替弁１６ｂを閉状態に制御する。すなわち、排気は、排気浄化装置１によって浄化された後に外部へ排出される。制御装置１７は、現在位置が排気の規制海域でないと判断した場合、排気切替弁１６ａを閉状態かつ排気切替弁１６ｂを開状態に制御する。すなわち、排気は、排気浄化装置で浄化されずに分岐管１５を通じて外部へ排出される。なお、制御装置１７は、手動による排気切替弁１６ａ・１６ｂの開閉信号を取得し、開閉信号に従って排気切替弁１６ａ・１６ｂを制御することも可能である。   In the exhaust emission control device 1 configured as described above, when the control device 17 is mounted on, for example, a ship, the control device 17 acquires the current position of the ship detected by the GPS device 20, and the current position is the exhaust position from the regulated sea area map M1. Judge whether it is a regulated sea area or not. When the control device 17 determines that the current position is within the restricted sea area of exhaust, the control device 17 controls the exhaust switching valve 16a to be opened and the exhaust switching valve 16b to be closed. That is, the exhaust gas is purified by the exhaust gas purification device 1 and then discharged to the outside. When the control device 17 determines that the current position is not in the exhaust restriction area, the control device 17 controls the exhaust switch valve 16a to be closed and the exhaust switch valve 16b to be opened. That is, the exhaust gas is discharged outside through the branch pipe 15 without being purified by the exhaust gas purification device. Note that the control device 17 can also manually acquire the opening / closing signals of the exhaust gas switching valves 16a and 16b, and control the exhaust gas switching valves 16a and 16b according to the opening / closing signal.

次に、図２から図４を用いて、混合器１１の構造について具体的に説明する。   Next, the structure of the mixer 11 will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.

図２から図４に示すように、混合器１１は、筐体１１ａ、４個の板状部材１１ｂおよび芯部材１１ｃから構成される。   As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the mixer 11 includes a housing 11a, four plate-like members 11b, and a core member 11c.

筐体１１ａは、混合器１１の主たる構成部材である。筐体１１ａは、排気管１４と略同一の内径を有する円筒状部材から形成されている。筐体１１ａは、上流側がその軸心と排気管１４の軸心とが一致するように排気管１４に接続され、下流側が触媒反応器１２の一側端部に接続されている。すなわち、筐体１１ａは、排気管１４に接続されて排気通路を構成している。   The housing 11 a is a main component of the mixer 11. The casing 11a is formed of a cylindrical member having an inner diameter substantially the same as that of the exhaust pipe 14. The casing 11 a is connected to the exhaust pipe 14 on the upstream side so that the axial center of the casing 11 a coincides with the axial center of the exhaust pipe 14, and is connected to one end of the catalytic reactor 12 on the downstream side. That is, the housing 11a is connected to the exhaust pipe 14 to form an exhaust passage.

４個の板状部材１１ｂは、排気の流れを旋回流にする部材である。４個の板状部材１１ｂは、筐体１１ａの内部に筐体１１ａの軸心を中心として放射状に配置されている。具体的には、４個の板状部材１１ｂは、一側端面を筐体１１ａの軸心に向けるようにして、他側端面が筐体１１ａの内側面にそれぞれ固定されている。この際、４個の板状部材１１ｂは、等角度毎（本実施形態においては９０°毎）に配置されている（図２、図３参照）。なお、本実施形態において、板状部材１１ｂの数を４個としたが、これに限定されるものではない。   The four plate-like members 11b are members that make the exhaust flow swirl. The four plate-like members 11b are arranged radially inside the housing 11a around the axis of the housing 11a. Specifically, each of the four plate-like members 11b is fixed to the inner surface of the housing 11a so that the one end surface faces the axis of the housing 11a. At this time, the four plate-like members 11b are arranged at equal angles (in this embodiment, every 90 °) (see FIGS. 2 and 3). In addition, in this embodiment, although the number of the plate-shaped members 11b was four, it is not limited to this.

板状部材１１ｂは、その上流側と下流側とが排気の流れ方向に対してそれぞれ所定の角度を成すように配置されている。つまり、板状部材１１ｂは、その途中部で屈曲されている。具体的には、板状部材１１ｂは、屈曲位置よりも上流側の板面Ａの排気の流れ方向に対する角度（以下、単に「傾斜角」と記す）を傾斜角θ１とし、屈曲位置よりも下流側の板面Ｂの傾斜角を傾斜角θ２とするように屈曲されている。さらに、板状部材１１ｂは、傾斜角θ２が傾斜角θ１に比べて大きくなるように屈曲されている。つまり、板状部材１１ｂは、上流側から下流側に向かうにつれて傾斜角が大きくなるように構成されている。なお、板状部材１１ｂは、板面Ａと板面Ｂとの間が円弧状に湾曲されて形成される構成でもよい。   The plate-like member 11b is disposed such that the upstream side and the downstream side form a predetermined angle with respect to the flow direction of the exhaust gas. That is, the plate-like member 11b is bent in the middle thereof. Specifically, the plate-like member 11b has an inclination angle θ1 that is an angle of the plate surface A on the upstream side of the bent position with respect to the flow direction of the exhaust (hereinafter simply referred to as “inclined angle”), and is downstream of the bent position. The side plate surface B is bent so as to have an inclination angle θ2. Furthermore, the plate-like member 11b is bent so that the inclination angle θ2 is larger than the inclination angle θ1. That is, the plate-like member 11b is configured such that the inclination angle increases from the upstream side toward the downstream side. The plate-like member 11b may have a configuration in which a space between the plate surface A and the plate surface B is curved in an arc shape.

芯部材１１ｃは、混合器１１の軸心部を閉塞するものである。芯部材１１ｃは、略棒状に形成されている。芯部材１１ｃは、その軸心と筐体１１ａの軸心とが一致するように筐体１１ａの内部に配置されている。芯部材１１ｃの排気の流れ方向に沿う側面は、４個の板状部材１１ｂの一側端面が固定されている。つまり、芯部材１１ｃは、４個の板状部材１１ｂによって固定支持されている。また、４個の板状部材１１ｂは、芯部材１１ｃを介して互いに固定されている。   The core member 11 c closes the axial center portion of the mixer 11. The core member 11c is formed in a substantially rod shape. The core member 11c is disposed inside the casing 11a so that the axis of the core member 11c coincides with the axis of the casing 11a. One side end surface of the four plate-like members 11b is fixed to the side surface of the core member 11c along the exhaust flow direction. That is, the core member 11c is fixedly supported by the four plate-like members 11b. The four plate-like members 11b are fixed to each other via the core member 11c.

芯部材１１ｃの上流側端部は、上流側に向かって縮小するテーパ形状Ｃが形成されている。さらに、芯部材１１ｃの下流側端部は、下流側に向かって縮小するテーパ形状Ｃが形成されている。具体的には、芯部材１１ｃの上流側端部と下流側端部とは、その軸心を頂点とする円錐状に形成されている。これにより、芯部材１１ｃは、混合器１１の軸心部を閉塞し、混合器１１の軸心部に流入した排気が周囲に配置されている４個の板状部材１１ｂに案内されるように構成されている（図４における黒塗矢印参照）。   The upstream end of the core member 11c is formed with a tapered shape C that decreases toward the upstream side. Further, the downstream end portion of the core member 11c is formed with a tapered shape C that decreases toward the downstream side. Specifically, the upstream end portion and the downstream end portion of the core member 11c are formed in a conical shape having the axial center as a vertex. Thereby, the core member 11c closes the axial center part of the mixer 11, and the exhaust gas which flowed into the axial center part of the mixer 11 is guided to the four plate-like members 11b arranged around. (See black arrow in FIG. 4).

また、混合器１１は、その別実施形態として、図６に示すように湾曲形状に形成された板状部材１１ｄから構成してもよい。具体的には、混合器１１は、上流側の傾斜角θ１から下流側の傾斜角θ２まで連続的に（円弧状に）変化するように形成されている。つまり、混合器１１は、円弧状に形成された板状部材１１ｂの板面の接線方向と排気の流れ方向とが成す傾斜角が上流側から下流側にかけて傾斜角θ１から傾斜角θ２まで変化するように構成される。   Moreover, you may comprise the mixer 11 from the plate-shaped member 11d formed in the curved shape as shown in FIG. Specifically, the mixer 11 is formed so as to change continuously (in a circular arc shape) from the upstream tilt angle θ1 to the downstream tilt angle θ2. That is, in the mixer 11, the inclination angle formed by the tangential direction of the plate surface of the plate-like member 11b formed in an arc shape and the flow direction of the exhaust gas changes from the inclination angle θ1 to the inclination angle θ2 from the upstream side to the downstream side. Configured as follows.

次に、図３から図５を用いて、尿素水噴射ノズル２から噴射された尿素水が混合器１１と触媒反応器１２とによって混合される態様について具体的に説明する。   Next, the aspect in which the urea water injected from the urea water injection nozzle 2 is mixed by the mixer 11 and the catalytic reactor 12 will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.

図５に示すように、尿素水噴射ノズル２は、噴射口の中心が排気管１４の軸心Ｆと一致するように配置される。尿素水噴射ノズル２は、加圧空気の作用により霧状になった尿素水を排気管１４の軸心から円錐状に排気管１４内に噴射する。尿素水噴射ノズル２は、排気管１４内において排気の流れ方向に垂直な面における排気の流域全面に尿素水を分散する。従って、尿素水噴射ノズル２は、排気管１４の内部に均一に尿素水を噴射するので排気管１４に対して方向性を有さない。すなわち、このような尿素水噴射ノズル２の配置は、排気管１４の配管経路が尿素水の分散状態に与える影響を抑制することができる。   As shown in FIG. 5, the urea water injection nozzle 2 is arranged so that the center of the injection port coincides with the axis F of the exhaust pipe 14. The urea water injection nozzle 2 injects urea water that has become mist-like by the action of pressurized air into the exhaust pipe 14 in a conical shape from the axial center of the exhaust pipe 14. The urea water injection nozzle 2 disperses urea water over the entire exhaust region of the exhaust pipe 14 in a plane perpendicular to the exhaust flow direction. Accordingly, since the urea water injection nozzle 2 uniformly injects urea water into the exhaust pipe 14, it has no directionality with respect to the exhaust pipe 14. That is, such an arrangement of the urea water injection nozzle 2 can suppress the influence of the piping path of the exhaust pipe 14 on the dispersion state of the urea water.

霧状の尿素水が噴射された排気は、排気管１４を通じて混合器１１に案内される。図３に示すように、混合器１１は、その軸方向からみた板状部材１１ｂと芯部材１１ｃとからなる構造が軸心を中心とする点対称に構成されている。つまり、混合器１１は、排気管１４の内部において排気の流れ方向に垂直な面における排気の流域全面を通過する排気を混合する。従って、混合器１１は、排気管１４から供給される排気を均一に混合するので接続される排気管１４に対して方向性を有さない。すなわち、混合器１１は、尿素水噴射ノズル２と混合器１１とを所定の距離に保つだけで排気管１４の配管経路によってその性能が変動することがない。   The exhaust gas sprayed with the mist-like urea water is guided to the mixer 11 through the exhaust pipe 14. As shown in FIG. 3, the mixer 11 is configured so that a structure composed of a plate-like member 11 b and a core member 11 c as viewed from the axial direction is point-symmetric about the axis. That is, the mixer 11 mixes the exhaust gas that passes through the entire exhaust gas flow area in the plane perpendicular to the exhaust gas flow direction inside the exhaust pipe 14. Therefore, the mixer 11 does not have directionality with respect to the connected exhaust pipe 14 because the exhaust gas supplied from the exhaust pipe 14 is uniformly mixed. That is, the performance of the mixer 11 does not vary depending on the piping path of the exhaust pipe 14 only by keeping the urea water injection nozzle 2 and the mixer 11 at a predetermined distance.

図３から図５に示すように、混合器１１は、板状部材１１ｂの板面Ａによって排気の流れ方向が板面Ａに沿う方向になるように案内する。つまり、混合器１１は、排気の流れ方向を傾斜角θ１の方向に変える。さらに、混合器１１は、板状部材１１ｂの板面Ｂによって排気の流れ方向が板面Ｂに沿う方向になるように案内する。つまり、混合器１１は、排気の流れ方向を傾斜角θ２の方向に変える。これにより、排気は、混合器１１の筐体１１ａの内側面に向かって流れ、筐体１１ａの内側面の周方向に移動する。この結果、排気の流れに旋回流が生じて排気と尿素水とが混合される（図３における黒塗矢印参照）。   As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the mixer 11 guides the flow direction of the exhaust gas along the plate surface A by the plate surface A of the plate-like member 11 b. That is, the mixer 11 changes the flow direction of the exhaust gas to the direction of the inclination angle θ1. Further, the mixer 11 guides the flow direction of the exhaust gas along the plate surface B by the plate surface B of the plate-like member 11b. That is, the mixer 11 changes the flow direction of the exhaust gas to the direction of the inclination angle θ2. Accordingly, the exhaust gas flows toward the inner surface of the casing 11a of the mixer 11 and moves in the circumferential direction of the inner surface of the casing 11a. As a result, a swirl flow is generated in the exhaust flow, and the exhaust and urea water are mixed (see the black arrow in FIG. 3).

混合器１１は、板状部材１１ｂによって排気に生じる抵抗が、板状部材１１ｂの傾斜角を一律に傾斜角θ２にした場合よりも低減される。さらに、混合器１１は、板状部材１１ｂによって生じる排気の旋回流が、板状部材１１ｂの傾斜角を一律に傾斜角θ１にした場合よりも大きくなる。すなわち、混合器１１は、上流側と下流側とで傾斜角が変化する板状部材１１ｂによって排気に生じる抵抗を抑制しつつ、板状部材１１ｂによって排気に生じる旋回流を大きくすることができる。   In the mixer 11, the resistance generated in the exhaust by the plate-like member 11b is reduced as compared with the case where the inclination angle of the plate-like member 11b is uniformly set to the inclination angle θ2. Further, in the mixer 11, the swirling flow of the exhaust gas generated by the plate-like member 11b becomes larger than when the inclination angle of the plate-like member 11b is uniformly set to the inclination angle θ1. That is, the mixer 11 can increase the swirl flow generated in the exhaust by the plate member 11b while suppressing the resistance generated in the exhaust by the plate member 11b whose inclination angle changes between the upstream side and the downstream side.

また、混合器１１は、芯部材１１ｃの端部のテーパ形状Ｃによって混合器１１の軸心部に送られる排気を板状部材１１ｂに案内する。つまり、混合器１１は、旋回流の中心となる混合器１１の軸心部の排気を板状部材１１ｂに案内することで混合効率を向上させている。   Moreover, the mixer 11 guides the exhaust gas sent to the axial center part of the mixer 11 to the plate-shaped member 11b by the taper shape C of the end part of the core member 11c. That is, the mixer 11 improves the mixing efficiency by guiding the exhaust of the axial center part of the mixer 11 which becomes the center of the swirl flow to the plate member 11b.

図５に示すように、混合器１１を通過した排気は、旋回流を生じた状態で混合器１１に接続されている触媒反応器１２に供給される。触媒反応器１２は、その一側端部に形成されるテーパ形状Ｄによって排気の旋回流の旋回径が増大される。これにより、排気は、尿素水と均一に混合されつつ触媒反応器１２の内部に配置されたＮＯｘ触媒１３に行き渡る。従って、混合器１１と触媒反応器１２との間に排気と尿素水とを混合させる混合時間を確保するための空間を設ける必要がない。   As shown in FIG. 5, the exhaust gas that has passed through the mixer 11 is supplied to the catalytic reactor 12 connected to the mixer 11 in a state where a swirling flow is generated. In the catalytic reactor 12, the swirl diameter of the swirling flow of the exhaust gas is increased by the tapered shape D formed at one end portion thereof. As a result, the exhaust gas reaches the NOx catalyst 13 disposed inside the catalytic reactor 12 while being uniformly mixed with the urea water. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a space for ensuring a mixing time for mixing the exhaust gas and urea water between the mixer 11 and the catalytic reactor 12.

以上のように構成される排気浄化装置１は、尿素水が排気管１４の軸心から等しい振り分け角度で噴射されるように尿素水噴射ノズル２を設け、排気管１４の軸心を中心とする点対称に構成されている混合器を設けることで、排気管１４の配管経路に影響されることなく排気と尿素水とが混合される。また、混合器１１の板状部材１１ｂの傾斜角を変化させ、芯部材１１ｃを軸心部に配置することで排気と尿素水とが効率よく均一に混合される。さらに、触媒反応器１２の一側端部をテーパ形状Ｄに形成することで、混合時間を確保するための混合器１１から触媒反応器１２までの配管が不要になる。これにより、エンジン１８から触媒反応器１２までの排気管１４の配管経路に制限されることなく尿素水噴射ノズル２と混合器１１とを配置することができる。   The exhaust emission control device 1 configured as described above is provided with the urea water injection nozzle 2 so that urea water is injected from the axial center of the exhaust pipe 14 at an equal distribution angle, and the axial center of the exhaust pipe 14 is the center. By providing the mixer configured symmetrically with respect to the point, the exhaust gas and the urea water are mixed without being affected by the piping path of the exhaust pipe 14. Further, by changing the inclination angle of the plate-like member 11b of the mixer 11 and disposing the core member 11c at the axial center, the exhaust gas and the urea water are efficiently and uniformly mixed. Furthermore, by forming one end of the catalyst reactor 12 in the tapered shape D, piping from the mixer 11 to the catalyst reactor 12 for securing the mixing time becomes unnecessary. Thereby, the urea water injection nozzle 2 and the mixer 11 can be arranged without being limited to the piping path of the exhaust pipe 14 from the engine 18 to the catalyst reactor 12.

１ 排気浄化装置
２ 尿素水噴射ノズル
１１ 混合器
１１ｂ 板状部材
１２ 触媒反応器
１３ ＮＯｘ触媒
１４ 排気管
１８ エンジン DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Exhaust gas purification apparatus 2 Urea water injection nozzle 11 Mixer 11b Plate member 12 Catalytic reactor 13 NOx catalyst 14 Exhaust pipe 18 Engine

Claims (2)

エンジンの排気管内に設けられる噴射ノズルと、排気の流れ方向における噴射ノズルの下流側に設けられる触媒反応器と、を具備し、エンジンの排気に噴射ノズルから還元剤を噴射して触媒反応器に収容されている触媒によって排気中の窒素酸化物を還元する排気浄化装置において、
噴射ノズルが排気の流れ方向の下流側に向かって排気管の軸心から還元剤を噴射するように配置され、
複数の板状部材が排気管の軸心を中心として放射状に配置され、排気の流れ方向に対する板状部材の上流側端部の角度と排気の流れ方向に対する板状部材の下流側端部の角度とがそれぞれことなる値になるように形成された混合器が、排気の流れ方向における触媒反応器の上流側端部に接続されている排気浄化装置。 An injection nozzle provided in the exhaust pipe of the engine, and a catalyst reactor provided downstream of the injection nozzle in the exhaust flow direction, and a reducing agent is injected into the engine exhaust from the injection nozzle into the catalyst reactor. In an exhaust emission control device that reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas with a catalyst contained therein,
The injection nozzle is arranged to inject the reducing agent from the axis of the exhaust pipe toward the downstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust;
A plurality of plate-like members are arranged radially about the axis of the exhaust pipe, and the angle of the upstream end of the plate-like member with respect to the exhaust flow direction and the angle of the downstream end of the plate-like member with respect to the exhaust flow direction And an exhaust purification device in which mixers formed so as to have different values are connected to the upstream end of the catalytic reactor in the exhaust flow direction. 排気の流れ方向に対する前記板状部材の上流側端部の角度よりも排気の流れ方向に対する前記板状部材の下流側端部の角度が大きくなるように板状部材が形成され、板状部材同士が近接する排気管の軸心に、端部が縮小するテーパ形状に形成された芯部材が設けられている請求項１に記載の排気浄化装置。   The plate members are formed such that the angle of the downstream end of the plate member with respect to the exhaust flow direction is larger than the angle of the upstream end of the plate member with respect to the exhaust flow direction. The exhaust purification device according to claim 1, wherein a core member formed in a tapered shape whose end portion is reduced is provided at an axial center of an exhaust pipe adjacent to the exhaust pipe.
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US20160265407A1 (en) 2016-09-15
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