JP2015068068A - Underwater excavation machine and underwater excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sufficient insertion of a shaft for supporting an underwater work part with a bucket into the ground (through the water bottom) and achieve a stable support.SOLUTION: An underwater excavation machine is configured so as to excavate around a shaft 3 with the upper part of the shaft 3 supported by a shaft support device 4 of a work ship 1 and the lower part of the shaft 3 supported by the ground G. Under the shaft 3, there is provided a cylindrical casing 11 that has an excavation blade 12 and is rotationally driven so that it projects downward for a predetermined length from the lower end of the shaft 3. By keeping the ground G surface within the casing 11, the underwater excavation machine excavates the ground around the lower end peripheral edge of the casing 11 to a predetermined depth and maintains the lower part of the shaft 3 in an anchored state.

Description

  The present invention relates to an underwater excavation work machine and an underwater excavation work method.

  Conventionally, the shaft whose upper part is supported by the shaft support device of the work ship is lowered, the jagged teeth provided at the lower part of the shaft are bitten into the ground (water bottom), and the lower part of the shaft is held in a fixed state. In this state, the periphery of the shaft is excavated by an underwater working unit such as an excavator provided on the shaft, the shaft is raised to a predetermined height after the surrounding excavation is completed, and then the excavation operation is repeated by moving the work ship. The working method is known (Patent Document 1).

JP 2012-62738 A

In the known example, the teeth are simply pressed against the ground from above, so that the hard ground does not sufficiently bite, and there is a problem that the position of the lower end of the shaft may shift.
Further, there is a problem that the shaft may be inclined due to insufficient support of the lower end of the shaft.
In the present application, the structure of the lower fixing mechanism of the shaft is devised, the support strength of the shaft is improved, and the work efficiency of the underwater excavation work is improved.

In the first aspect of the invention, the shaft 3 is supported by the shaft support device 4 of the work boat 1, and the lower part of the shaft 3 is supported by the ground G underwater. A cylindrical casing 11 that has a digging blade 12 and is driven and rotated is provided below the shaft 3 so as to protrude below the lower end of the shaft 3 by a predetermined length. While the ground G remains, the lower end periphery of the casing 11 is excavated to a predetermined depth, and the underwater excavation work machine is configured to hold the lower portion of the shaft 3 in a fixed state.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the inner frame 21 is fixed in the shaft 3, the casing 11 is rotatably provided in the inner frame 21, and the casing 11 is rotated on the upper portion of the inner frame 21. A drive motor 19 is provided, and on the outer peripheral surface of the casing 11 below the shaft 3, a soil discharging member 25 that sends the earth and sand on the outer peripheral edge of the casing 11 upward is provided in a spiral shape, and a predetermined interval from the lower end of the casing 11 is provided. An abutting body 26 projecting in the radial direction is provided above the cover 11, and a moving body 32 that moves in the axial direction of the casing 11 and an actuator 31 that moves the moving body 32 are provided in the casing 11. In addition, there is provided a residue discharge mechanism 30 that discharges the lump remaining in the casing 11, and the movable body 32 is positioned above the contact body 26. It is obtained by a structure underwater excavation work machine so as to reciprocate between a protruding position protruding downward a predetermined length from the lower end of the storage position and the casing 11 positioned.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the inner frame 21 is fixed in the shaft 3, the casing 11 is rotatably provided in the inner frame 21, and the casing 11 is rotated on the upper portion of the inner frame 21. This is an underwater excavating work machine provided with a drive motor 19 to be driven.
The invention of claim 4 is an underwater excavating work machine in which a soil discharging member 25 for sending the earth and sand on the outer peripheral edge of the casing 11 upward is spirally provided on the outer peripheral surface of the casing 11 below the shaft 3. is there.
The invention of claim 5 is an underwater excavation work machine provided with an abutting body 26 projecting in a radial direction above a predetermined interval from the lower end of the casing 11.
The invention of claim 6 includes a moving body 32 that moves in the axial direction of the casing 11 and an actuator 31 that moves the moving body 32 in the casing 11, and the earth lump remaining in the casing 11 is removed. This is an underwater excavating work machine provided with a residual material discharging mechanism 30 for discharging.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the movable body 32 reciprocates between a retracted position located in the casing 11 above the contact body 26 and a projecting position projecting downward by a predetermined length from the lower end of the casing 11. This is an underwater excavating machine constructed.
According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the shaft 3 whose upper part is supported by the shaft support device 4 of the work boat 1 is lowered, and the casing 11 of the lower fixing mechanism 10 that supports the lower part of the shaft 3 is driven to rotate. The bottom edge of the casing 11 is excavated to a predetermined depth while leaving the ground G in the base 11, and the lower portion of the shaft 3 is held in a fixed state. In this state, the underwater working section 7 of the shaft 3 surrounds the shaft 3. After the excavation of the surroundings, the shaft 3 is pulled up to a predetermined height, and the moving body 32 of the residue discharge mechanism 30 provided in the casing 11 is lowered by the actuator 31 to discharge the clot remaining in the casing 11. The underwater excavation work method is to repeat the excavation work by moving the work boat 1 after storing the moving body 32 in the casing 11.

In the first and second aspects of the invention, since the casing 11 bites into the ground G while excavating, the casing 11 can be surely bitten to a predetermined depth, and the supporting strength of the lower portion of the shaft 3 can be improved, and the The excavation work can be performed, and the excavation work efficiency can be improved.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the casing 11 and the drive mechanism of the casing 11 can be built in the shaft 3 and can be simply configured.
In the invention of claim 4, since the earth discharging member 25 is provided on the outer periphery of the casing 11, it is possible to smoothly bite into the ground G while excavating with the casing 11, and as a result, the driving mechanism of the casing 11. The size can be reduced.
In the invention of claim 5, since the abutting body 26 is provided at a predetermined position in the lower part of the casing 11, it is possible to prevent unnecessary biting into the ground G, to easily pull out the casing 11, and to perform the entire underwater excavation work. Work efficiency can be improved.
In the invention of claim 6, since the residue inside the casing 11 is discharged by the moving body 32, it is possible to smoothly and surely bite into the ground G while excavating the casing 11 in the next process. The support state can be ensured.
In the seventh aspect of the invention, the movable body 32 moves between the retracted position above the contact body 26 and the projecting position projecting downward from the casing 11, so that the ground G remains in the casing 11 at the retracted position. Moreover, since it moves to the protrusion position which protrudes below from the casing 11, the residue in the casing 11 can be discharged | emitted reliably.
In the invention of claim 8, the casing 11 is bitten into the ground G while excavating the casing 11, so that the bite can be surely bitten to a predetermined depth, the support strength of the lower portion of the shaft 3 is improved, and the underwater excavation work can be performed stably. In addition, the excavation work efficiency can be improved, and the mass of the inside of the casing 11 is discharged by the moving body 32 when shifting to the next excavation work, so that the casing 11 bites into the ground G. Can be done smoothly and reliably.

The whole figure which shows the working state by the underwater working machine. The same part enlarged view. The work state figure of an underwater work machine. The partial cross section figure and bottom view of a lower fixing mechanism. Sectional drawing of a residue discharge mechanism. The enlarged view. The process schematic of underwater work.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Reference numeral 1 denotes a work ship that is anchored at a predetermined position on the water when performing underwater work, and a shaft support device 4 that supports an upper portion of the shaft 3 is provided. The shaft 3 constitutes the underwater work machine 2 together with an underwater work unit 7 having a bucket 6 described later.

The shaft 3 only needs to have a length from the work boat 1 to the ground G, and the configuration thereof is arbitrary. However, a plurality of shaft constituent members 5 are connected in the axial direction via a jig (not shown). And configure. The shaft constituent material 5 is constituted by a cylindrical member.
The shaft 3 is attached to the work boat 1 by a shaft support device 4 so as to be movable up and down.

Although the structure which raises / lowers the shaft 3 is arbitrary, for example, a rack (not shown) is provided on the outer surface of the shaft 3 along the axis of the shaft 3, and a pinion gear (not shown) of the shaft support device 4 is provided on the rack. And the pinion gear is rotated to raise and lower the shaft 3.
The lower part of the shaft 3 is provided with a lower fixing mechanism 10 that digs into the ground (water bottom) G to a predetermined depth and holds the lower part of the shaft 3 in a fixed state.

The lower fixing mechanism 10 is configured by providing a cylindrical casing 11 in the shaft 3 so as to be rotatable in the vertical axis. The casing 11 is provided with a bit-shaped or saw-shaped excavating blade 12 on the circumferential surface of the lower end, and while excavating the ground G with the excavating blade 12, the lower end of the casing 11 is bitten into the ground G to a predetermined depth, and the lower portion of the shaft 3 is Hold in a fixed state.
An attachment portion 15 is provided on the upper portion of the casing 11, and the attachment portion 15 is detachably attached to the lower end of the drive rotating shaft 17 via a connection joint 16 provided in the shaft 3. The upper part of the drive rotating shaft 17 is attached to the drive motor 19 via the speed reduction mechanism 18.

  A flange-shaped mounting portion 20 is provided on the inner periphery of the lower portion of the shaft 3, and the lower portion of the inner frame 21 provided in the shaft 3 is fixed to the mounting portion 20. The inner frame 21 is formed by connecting a plurality of cylindrical members 24 in the axial direction of the shaft 3, and the speed reduction mechanism 18 and the drive motor 19 are attached to the upper part of the inner frame 21.

  The casing 11 protrudes downward by a predetermined length from the lower end of the shaft 3, and a soil discharging member 25 is provided spirally on the outer periphery of the lower end of the casing 11. When the casing 11 descends while excavating, the earth discharging member 25 guides the earth and sand around the outer periphery of the casing 11 upward and discharges the soil, thereby facilitating excavation of the casing 11. A contact body 26 is provided at a position above the lower end of the casing 11 so as to be detachable and movable in the axial direction of the shaft 3. The abutting body 26 abuts on the upper surface of the ground G and stops further excavation and descent of the casing 11.

  In the casing 11, there is provided a residue discharge mechanism 30 that discharges residues such as a lump remaining in the casing 11. The residue discharge mechanism 30 moves the moving body 32 downward from the lower end of the casing 11 within a predetermined range from the inside of the casing 11 by an actuator 31 provided in the casing 11, and discharges the residue remaining in the casing 11.

In this embodiment, the actuator 31 is provided with a cylinder tube 34 of the cylinder 33 in the upper part of the casing 11, and the moving body 32 is attached to the cylinder rod 35 that enters and exits from the cylinder tube 34, or the cylinder rod 35 itself is attached to the moving body 32. Configure as. Reference numeral 36 denotes a swivel device for the actuator 31, which is disposed on the outer periphery of the drive rotating shaft 17.
When the shaft 3 is lowered while being supported by the shaft support device 4 of the work boat 1 and the casing 11 of the lower fixing mechanism 10 below the shaft 3 comes into contact with the ground G, the ground G is excavated by the rotation of the casing 11. However, it is bitten to a predetermined depth and held in a fixed state.

Next, underwater excavation work around the shaft 3 is performed by the underwater work unit 7 and when the predetermined range of excavation work is completed, the shaft 3 is once raised to a predetermined height, and the work boat 1 is moved to another place. The next process of excavation is performed and this series of operations is repeated.
When the casing 11 is pulled out from the ground G as the shaft 3 rises, if the casing 11 is bitten into the ground G at the start of the next process operation while leaving the residue in the casing 11, In some cases, the soil mass is consolidated, and the weight of the soil mass is added to the inner surface of the casing 11 so that the casing 11 cannot be excavated.

Therefore, in the present application, since the moving body 32 that moves in the axial direction of the casing 11 and the actuator 31 that moves the moving body 32 are provided in the casing 11, the casing 11 is moved to the next excavation operation. The lump or the like adhered or remaining inside is removed by the moving body 32 of the residue discharge mechanism 30.
As described above, the casing 11 excavates until the contact body 26 contacts the upper surface of the ground G so that the ground G remains in the casing 11. It is configured to reciprocate a predetermined number of times between a storage position located in the upper casing 11 and a protruding position protruding downward by a predetermined length from the lower end of the casing 11.

In order to facilitate understanding of the residue discharge mechanism 30, the moving body 32 is shown in broken lines in the casing 11 in FIGS. 5 to 7, but the moving body 32 is a contact body during excavation work. 26 is positioned at a storage position above 26.
The underwater work machine 2 is configured to include the work boat 1, the shaft 3, and the underwater work unit 7, but the configuration of the underwater work unit 7 is arbitrary. In this embodiment, the underwater work machine 2 is configured by the bucket 6 having the arm 40. ing. Reference numeral 42 denotes a support device that attaches and supports the base of the arm 40. The bucket 6 is rotatably attached to the shaft 3 so that the bucket 6 can be turned around the shaft 3, and excavation around the shaft 3 is performed.

(Operation of the embodiment)
The work boat 1 is moved to a predetermined position, a plurality of shaft constituent members 5 are connected to the shaft support device 4 of the work boat 1 by an arbitrary means, and the shaft 3 formed to have a predetermined length is mounted. 4 lowers the shaft 3 and the underwater working unit 7.
Since the lower fixing mechanism 10 having the casing 11 and the drive motor 19 for driving and rotating the casing 11 is provided at the lower part of the shaft 3, the casing 11 of the lower fixing mechanism 10 at the lower part of the shaft 3 is located above the ground G. When the position is reached, the shaft 3 is lowered while the casing 11 is driven and rotated by the drive motor 19.

Since the casing 11 is provided with the excavating blade 12 at the lower portion, the excavating blade 12 bites into the ground G while excavating the ground G, and holds the lower portion of the shaft 3 in a fixed state.
Therefore, regardless of the top surface shape of the ground G, the casing 11 digging into a predetermined depth supports the shaft 3, and the shaft 3 supports the underwater working unit 7.
Since the earth discharging member 25 is provided spirally on the outer periphery of the casing 11, excavation is performed while the earth and sand on the periphery of the casing 11 is sent upward by the earth discharging member 25.

Therefore, the excavation resistance of the casing 11 is suppressed, and the casing 11 is sufficiently engulfed in the ground G by the driving force of the drive motor 19 provided in the shaft 3, and the fixed state of the lower portion of the shaft 3 is ensured.
Moreover, since the casing 11 excavates the periphery of the casing 11 without excavating the ground G in the casing 11, the casing 11 receives the pressure of the ground G from both the inside and outside (FIG. 7 (B)).

Therefore, also in this point, the fixed state of the lower part of the shaft 3 is ensured.
Since the contact body 26 is provided above the lower end of the casing 11 with a predetermined interval, when the contact body 26 contacts the ground G, the rotation of the casing 11 is stopped.
The method of detecting that the contact body 26 is in contact with the upper surface of the ground G is arbitrary. For example, a change in the suspension load of the shaft 3 by the shaft support device 4 or a change in the rotational load of the casing 11 is detected. To do.

  When the lower part of the shaft 3 is fixed and supported on the ground G by the lower fixing mechanism 10, the area where the arm 40 and the bucket 6 provided in the support device 42 of the underwater working unit 7 face each other is excavated, and the excavation of this area is completed. Then, the support device 42 is swung with respect to the shaft 3 to change the direction of the arm 40 and the bucket 6 of the underwater working unit 7, excavation is repeated, and this is repeated to excavate around the shaft 3.

When the excavation work around the shaft 3 is performed by the underwater working unit 7 and the excavation work within a predetermined range is completed, the shaft 3 is pulled up to a predetermined height by the shaft support device 4.
In the casing 11, a moving body 32 that moves in the axial direction of the casing 11 and an actuator 31 that moves the moving body 32 are provided. Before starting the excavation work, residual matter such as a lump attached to or remaining in the casing 11 is removed by the moving body 32 of the residual discharge mechanism 30.

For this reason, it is possible to prevent the remaining soil lump etc. from being consolidated in the casing 11 and to avoid the state in which the casing 11 cannot dig.
The moving body 32 reciprocates a predetermined number of times between a storage position located in the casing 11 above the contact body 26 and a protruding position protruding downward by a predetermined length from the lower end of the casing 11 in a side view during excavation work. Since the moving body 32 is configured to move, the moving body 32 is positioned above the contact body 26 during excavation work, and the casing 11 excavates while leaving the ground G in the casing 11 as described above. It is possible to improve the supporting strength by the casing 11.

Further, when moving to the excavation work of the next step, the moving body 32 moves to a projecting position that projects downward by a predetermined length from the lower end of the casing 11, so that the residue can be reliably discharged in the casing 11.
In FIG. 7 (d), after the excavation work is completed, the residue H is dropped into the hole after the casing 11 is pulled up. However, the excavation work at this point is finished, and the excavation work of the next process is started. There is no influence.

Further, the movement of the work boat 1 can be performed with the shaft 3 extending downward. In this case, the casing 11 may be positioned above the upper surface of the ground G by a predetermined distance.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the above-described constituent elements can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  For example, the use location of the underwater work machine of this invention is not limited, For example, it can be used for the sea, a lake, a pond, a reservoir, a river, etc. In addition, various work vessels such as self-propelled, towed carrier and assembly carrier can be used as the work vessel. Further, the configuration of the work gantry is not limited, and can be appropriately configured.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Work ship, 2 ... Underwater working machine, 3 ... Shaft, 4 ... Shaft support device, 5 ... Shaft component, 6 ... Bucket, 7 ... Underwater working part, 10 ... Lower fixing mechanism, 11 ... Casing, 12 ... Excavation Blade 15, attachment portion 16, connection joint, 17 drive rotation shaft, 18 reduction mechanism portion, 19 drive motor, 20 attachment portion, 21 inner frame, 24 cylinder member, 25 earth removal member , 26 ... abutting body, 30 ... residue discharge mechanism, 31 ... actuator, 32 ... moving body, 33 ... cylinder, 34 ... cylinder tube, 35 ... cylinder rod, 36 ... swivel device, 40 ... arm, 42 ... support device , G ... ground (water bottom), H ... residue.

Claims (8)

  The shaft 3 is excavated around the shaft 3 by the underwater working unit 7 with the upper part of the shaft 3 supported by the shaft support device 4 of the work boat 1 and the lower part of the shaft 3 supported by the underwater ground G. A cylindrical casing 11 that has a digging blade 12 and is driven to rotate is provided below the lower end of the shaft 3 so as to protrude below the lower end of the shaft 3 by a predetermined length, so that the ground G remains in the casing 11. An underwater excavating work machine that excavates the peripheral edge of the lower end of the casing 11 to a predetermined depth and holds the lower portion of the shaft 3 in a fixed state.   In Claim 1, the inner frame 21 is provided in the shaft 3 in a fixed state, the casing 11 is rotatably provided in the inner frame 21, and the upper portion of the inner frame 21 is driven to rotate the casing 11. A motor 19 is provided, and a soil removal member 25 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the casing 11 below the shaft 3 to send the earth and sand around the outer periphery of the casing 11 in a spiral shape, with a predetermined interval from the lower end of the casing 11. A contact body 26 projecting in the radial direction is provided above, and in the casing 11, there is a moving body 32 that moves in the axial direction of the casing 11 and an actuator 31 that moves the moving body 32, A residue discharge mechanism 30 is provided for discharging a lump remaining in the casing 11, and the movable body 32 is located above the contact body 26. Configuration underwater excavation work machine as during reciprocation of the projecting position projecting to a predetermined length downward from the lower end of the storage position and the casing 11 positioned.   In Claim 1, the inner frame 21 is provided in the shaft 3 in a fixed state, the casing 11 is rotatably provided in the inner frame 21, and the upper portion of the inner frame 21 is driven to rotate the casing 11. An underwater excavation work machine provided with a motor 19.   The underwater excavation work machine according to claim 3, wherein a soil discharging member 25 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the casing 11 below the shaft 3 in a spiral manner to send the earth and sand around the outer periphery of the casing 11 upward.   The underwater excavation work machine according to claim 4, wherein a contact body 26 that protrudes in a radial direction is provided above the lower end of the casing 11 at a predetermined interval.   In Claim 1 or Claim 3 or Claim 4 or Claim 5, the casing 11 has a moving body 32 that moves in the axial direction of the casing 11 and an actuator 31 that moves the moving body 32. An underwater excavation work machine provided with a residue discharge mechanism 30 for discharging a lump remaining in the casing 11.   7. The movable body 32 according to claim 6, wherein the movable body 32 is configured to reciprocate between a retracted position located in the casing 11 above the contact body 26 and a projecting position projecting downward by a predetermined length from the lower end of the casing 11. Underwater drilling machine.   The shaft 3 whose upper part is supported by the shaft support device 4 of the work boat 1 is lowered, and the casing 11 of the lower fixing mechanism 10 that supports the lower part of the shaft 3 is driven to rotate. The casing 11 leaves the ground G in the casing 11. The lower end periphery of the casing 11 is excavated to a predetermined depth, and the lower portion of the shaft 3 is held in a fixed state. In this state, the periphery of the shaft 3 is excavated by the underwater working portion 7 of the shaft 3, and the surrounding excavation is performed. After completion, the shaft 3 is pulled up to a predetermined height, and the moving body 32 of the residue discharge mechanism 30 provided in the casing 11 is lowered by the actuator 31 to discharge the dirt remaining in the casing 11. An underwater excavation work method in which the work boat 1 is moved and the excavation work is repeated after being stored therein.

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