JP2015057033A - New shape of asymmetric conductor of static application apparatus using asymmetric electrostatic force - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charge carrier electrostatic force of which changes significantly.SOLUTION: When attaching a cylinder 32 to a disc 30 perpendicular to an electric field via an insulation layer 33, the electrostatic force after electric field inversion acting on an asymmetric charged conductor is reduced to about 1/4 compared with that before inversion. Furthermore, when attaching the cylinder directly to a surface of the asymmetric conductor where the cylinder is not attached, without interposing the insulation layer, the electrostatic force after electric field inversion acting on the charged conductor is reduced to 1/50 compared with that before inversion.

Description

  The present invention relates to a newly confirmed structure of an asymmetric conductor of an electrostatic application device that uses an electrostatic force, that is, an asymmetric electrostatic force.

The present applicant has previously filed an application for a new-type electrostatic application device using the electrostatic force (asymmetric electrostatic force) newly found by the applicant (Patent Documents [1] [2] [3] [4] [ 5]).
The asymmetric electrostatic force is a phenomenon in which the strength of the electrostatic force acting on the asymmetrical charged conductor changes greatly when the direction of the electric field is reversed.
Moreover, representative examples of the static electricity application device include a generator, a motor, and an accelerator. Here, the description is limited to the generator. However, the present invention can be applied to all static electricity application devices.
The basic principle of a new type electrostatic generator that uses asymmetric electrostatic force is the same as that of a conventional electrostatic generator (for example, a van de Graaf type), and charges (for example, negative charges) at a low potential (0V). The electron having the electron) is placed on the charge transport body, and the charge transport body is transported to a high potential (for example, −1000 V) against the electrostatic force acting thereon, and the transported charge is simply lowered. The difference between the two is in the conveying force. The conventional type uses mechanical force, whereas the new method uses asymmetric electrostatic force. (Hereinafter, the new electrostatic generator will be referred to as an electric field driven electrostatic generator.)

Hereinafter, the effect of the asymmetric electrostatic force, the principle of the electric field drive type electrostatic generator and the structure thereof will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18 of Patent Document [4]. Patent documents [2] and [3] also contain descriptions similar to those in the same figure.
Patent Document [1] JP 2008-005690 A
Patent [2] JP2009-232667A
Patent Document [3] JP 2010-098925
Patent Document [4] JP2012-039842A
Patent Document [5] JP2012-070607

In FIG. 17, symbol 11 is an electret, symbol 12 is a charge injection electrode, symbol 13 is a charge carrier, symbol 14 is a charge recovery electrode, symbol 20 is an insulating support for the electrodes 12, 14 and electret 11. Show. The electret 11 has a width of 100 μm, the injection electrode 12 has a width of 100 μm, and the recovery electrode 14 has a width of 160 μm. The intervals between the injection electrode 12 and the electret 11 and between the electret 11 and the collection electrode 14 are 320 μm. The distance between the upper and lower supports is 200 μm.
The potential of the electret 11 is + 320V, the injection electrode 12 is grounded, and the potential of the recovery electrode 14 is -35V, for example. As a result, a leftward electric field is formed between the electret 11 and the injection electrode 12. Its strength is about 1.0E + 6 [V / m]. Hereinafter, it is called a forward electric field. On the other hand, a rightward electric field is formed between the electret 11 and the recovery electric field 14. Its strength is also about 1.0E + 6 [V / m]. Hereinafter, it is called a reverse electric field.

  As shown in the figure, the charge carrier 13 has an open cylindrical shape on the left side and is asymmetrical with respect to the direction of the electric field. It is made of a light conductor, such as aluminum, and is supported by a support (not shown). The width is 80 μm, the diameter is 160 μm, and the plate thickness is 20 μm. And it is electrically floating. The charge carrier 13 is driven by an asymmetric electrostatic force described below, and passes from the left to the right through the injection electrode pair 12, the electret pair 11, and the recovery electrode pair 14.

  When the charge carrier 13 passes through the injection electrode pair 12, a ground conductor (not shown) comes into contact, and a charge of about −0.3 pC is injected by electrostatic induction. This result was obtained by simulating with a two-dimensional difference method based on the axis. The electrostatic force received from the electric field while the asymmetrical charged conductor (charge carrier 13) passed from the injection electrode pair 12 through the electret pair 11 to the recovery electrode pair 14 was similarly determined by simulation. The potential of the recovery electric cooperative was 0V. The result is shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 18, the electrostatic force received by the charge carrier 13 is 10.0E-8 [N] at the maximum in the forward electric field (between the injection electrode 12 and the electret 11), and the reverse electric field (electret 11 and It can be seen that the recovery electrode 14) is halved to 5.0E-8 [N] at the maximum. A phenomenon in which the strength of the acting electrostatic force changes greatly when the direction of the electric field is reversed is called an asymmetric electrostatic force (phenomenon). This phenomenon is a unique phenomenon that can be seen only when the shape of the charged conductor is asymmetric in the direction of the electric field.

  In the electric field driven electrostatic generator, the difference in electrostatic force between the forward electric field and the reverse electric field is used as the driving force for the charge carrier 13. That is, the charge carrier 13 is accelerated by a strong electrostatic force in a forward electric field, and even when entering the reverse electric field and decelerating, the electrostatic force is weak. It is. This speed is much faster than the speed at which the charge carrier 13 exits the injection electrode. However, since it is not an accelerator, there is no need to increase the speed. Therefore, by using (distributing) the difference in kinetic energy based on the speed difference, the charge carrier 13 is conveyed, and at the same time, the charged charge is electrically conveyed to a higher potential. This is the principle of the electric field drive type electrostatic generator.

Note that most (for example, 97%) of the charge Q transferred from the injection electrode 2 having the ground potential V2 to the recovery electrode 14 having the high potential V4 by the charge transport body 13 is transferred to the recovery electrode by the charge transport body 13. 14 is electrically connected to the recovery electrode. That is, it is collected. The power generation amount W at this time is
W = 0.97Qx (V4-V2) (1)
It becomes.
The charge transport body 13 that has released most of the transported charge to the recovery electrode 14 passes through the recovery electrode 14, moves further to the right, and enters the next injection electrode 12. Similarly, electric field drive type power generation is performed by asymmetric electrostatic force.

Comparative example

  For direct comparison with the examples shown below, the shape (cylindrical type) is slightly changed and the size is increased, and the electrostatic force acting on the asymmetrical charged conductor is newly simulated by the axial two-dimensional difference method. did. The reason for changing the shape is that, after filing the above-mentioned patent document, it was found that the changed shape can lower the cost and obtain the same effect. The reason why the size is increased is that the electrostatic force actually produced and actually measured is actually measured.

FIG. 1 shows a front view and a side view of an asymmetric conductor that is actually manufactured and used in an experiment, and that is a new simulation symmetrical. A cylinder having a diameter of 18 mm, a height of 10 mm, and a thickness of 0.4 mm was pasted with a conductive agent on an aluminum disc having a diameter of 35 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm.
FIG. 2 schematically shows the left and right electrodes used in the experiments and simulations and the cylindrical disk type asymmetric conductor placed between the left and right electrodes. The distance between the left and right electrodes is 95.6 mm, and the left and right electrode radii are 53.7 mm. As for the voltage, one electrode was grounded, and +13 kV, +11 kV, +9 kV, +7 kV, +5 kV was applied to the other electrode. In the figure, symbol 1 is the left electrode, symbol 2 is the right electrode, symbol 3 is the asymmetric conductor, symbol 30 is the disk constituting it, symbol 31 is the cylinder constituting it, symbol 4 Indicates a high-voltage power supply.
FIG. 3 shows a lattice diagram (main part) used in the simulation of the axis target two-dimensional difference method.
FIG. 4 shows the result of the simulation. The charge amount of the asymmetric type conductor was set to −5.0 nC based on the actually measured value. Although the result varies depending on the electric field, the electrostatic force of the reverse electric field (after electric field reversal) in which a high voltage is applied to the left electrode 1 is about half of the forward electric field (before electric field reversal) in which a high voltage is applied to the right electrode 2. I understand. In addition, the result of actual measurement was a little worse than this. The details of the simulation and experiment are currently being posted to Journal of Electrostatics, a journal specializing in static electricity, so please refer to it after posting.

  The reason why the electrostatic force acting on the charged asymmetric type (cylindrical disk type) conductor 3 after the electric field reversal, that is, by the reverse electric field is considered to be that the electric field on the surface is weakened. Therefore, the electric fields on the surface of the disk 30 were compared with and without the cylinder 31. The result is shown in FIG. However, the portion covered with the cylinder 31 displayed the electric field at the tip of the cylinder 31 instead of the surface of the disk 30. From FIG. 5, it can be seen that when the cylinder 31 is present, the electric field is greatly weakened to about 1/10 in most of the cylinder 31 and the disc 30 except for the edge portion. However, on the contrary, the tip portion of the cylinder 31 is about 5 times stronger and the edge portion is almost the same, so that the subtracted electrostatic force is reduced to about half.

  As shown schematically in FIG. 6, the electric field is weakened by about 1/10 in most regions on the disc 30, as shown schematically in FIG. 6, from the left electrode 1 (positive voltage application) without the cylinder 31. If the electric field lines (electric field) vertically entering the surface of the disk 30 (excluding the edge part of the disk 30) are in the cylinder 31, they are bent in the middle, and the tip of the cylinder 31 and the wall of the cylinder 31 This is because it entered the upper part and hardly reached the surface of the disk 30. In other words, the cylinder 31 is an electrical shield member for the disk 30. However, in order to clarify the phenomenon, it is hereinafter referred to as an electric field concentration member. The shape of the electric field concentrating member is not limited to a cylinder, and all shapes having a certain length such as a flat plate or a bar with a small tip area can be used. A plurality of them can be used. However, considering the concentration of the electric field at the tip, a plurality is not always advantageous.

Here, the asymmetry ASR is defined as follows as an index that quantitatively shows the change in electrostatic force due to the electric field reversal.
Here, Fb represents the absolute value of the electrostatic force before the electric field inversion, and Fa represents the absolute value of the electrostatic force after the electric field inversion.
According to this equation, if the magnitude of the electrostatic force does not change after the electric field inversion, the asymmetry ASR becomes 0%. If the electrostatic force becomes zero after the inversion, the asymmetry ASR becomes 100%. FIG. 7 shows the asymmetry ASR of the comparative example. Although it varies depending on the electric field, it is 35 to 55%.

Conventionally, various asymmetrical conductors were used and simulations and experiments were performed. The asymmetry ratio ASR was good, about 60% in the axial two-dimensional difference method simulation and about 40% in the experiment.
In patents and documents created by the applicant, better numbers are also listed as simulation results, but these are the results of the XY two-dimensional difference method, and the actual shape of the three-dimensional space. Is now known to be unable to adapt. However, the two-dimensional difference method for the axis object is mathematically two-dimensional, but physically handles three dimensions, so the result is reliable.

  In the case of the same electric field, the power generation amount of the electrostatic generator is closely related to the difference in electrostatic force before and after the electric field inversion, that is, the asymmetry ASR. Therefore, in order to increase the power generation efficiency, improvement of the asymmetry rate ASR is essential. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to improve the asymmetry ratio ASR by improving the shape of the asymmetric conductor.

  The above object is easily achieved by a new asymmetrical conductor in which a cylinder is vertically attached to an electrically conductive flat plate placed perpendicular to an electric field via an insulating layer.

  The effect of the new asymmetric conductor of the present invention is clear from FIG. 10 in which the asymmetry ASR of Example 1 shown below and the asymmetry ASR of the comparative example are shown side by side.

  As shown in FIG. 8, a conductive cylinder 32 (diameter 18 mm, height 9.9 mm, thickness 0.4 mm) on a conductive disk 30 (part A) having a diameter of 35 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm. In order to distinguish the portion B) from the asymmetrical conductor 3, disc + cylindrical type (directly affixed cylindrical disc type) by pasting through an insulating layer 33 having a thickness of 0.1 mm. Described in the above). The electrostatic force acting on the circular plate + cylindrical asymmetric conductor 3 was simulated by the axial object two-dimensional difference method as in the comparative example. The charge amount was set to -5.0 nC for part A and 0.0 nC for part B.

  The forward electrostatic force and the reverse electrostatic force for each electric field obtained by the simulation are shown in FIG. 9 along with the comparative example. Also, the asymmetry ASR calculated from the value is shown side by side with the comparative example in FIG. In the case of the comparative example, in the arrangement of FIG. 2, that is, the cylinder 31 of the cylindrical disk-shaped conductor 3 is on the left side of the disk 30, and the left electrode 1 is grounded to the negatively charged asymmetric conductor 3. The case where a high voltage is applied to the right electrode 2 is a forward electric field, and the electrostatic force acting at that time is a forward electrostatic force. However, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. Is the forward electric field and the forward electrostatic force. This is because the electrostatic force acting in this direction was larger.

  From FIG. 10, it can be seen that the higher asymmetry ratio ASR was obtained in Example 1 than in the comparative example for the same electric field.

  The only difference between the comparative example and the asymmetrical conductor of Example 1 is whether the cylinder 31 or 32 is directly attached to the disk 30 or is attached via an insulating layer 33 having a thickness of 0.1 mm. It is very strange that the result was completely the opposite result. Therefore, as in the previous case, the electric field on the disk surface is compared with or without the cylinder. The result is shown in FIG.

From FIG. 11, it can be seen that even in this case, the electric field is weakened by the presence of the cylinder 32 in the majority of the surface of the disk 30 as in the comparative example. It can also be seen that the edge portion is almost the same as in the comparative example. It can also be seen that the same strong electric field as in the comparative example is formed at the tip of the cylinder 32.
The major difference between Example 1 and the comparative example is the electric field on the surface of the disk 30 around the lower part of the cylinder 32. In the comparative example, this region was completely shielded and the electric field was substantially zero, but in the case of Example 1, a strong electric field is formed here.

The reason is considered as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 12, if the cylinder 32 is not provided, the electric lines of force descending perpendicularly from the right electrode 2 (positive voltage application) on the surface of the disk 30 bend in the middle, and the tip of the cylinder 32 and the cylinder Enter the top of 32 walls. So far, it is the same as the comparative example. As a result, negative charges are collected at the end point of the electric lines of force. In the comparative example, the negative charge (electrons) charged from the disk 30 portion has moved. However, in the first embodiment, the disk 30 and the cylinder 32 are separated by the insulating layer 33. There is no movement of electrons, and electrons are generated by electrostatic polarization of the cylinder 32. At this time, holes equivalent to electrons are generated in the lower portion of the cylinder 32. As a result, a strong electric field is generated between the holes and the electrons of the disk 30.
This is the reason why this strange phenomenon has occurred.

  However, if you look carefully, it is not a strange phenomenon. A common high school physics problem is what happens to the electric field if a conductive plate of the same area as the electrodes is inserted between the electrodes in an electrically floating state. The answer is that the electric field is strong, and if the plate thickness is known, the electric field can be calculated easily. The electric field on the surface of the disk 30 around the lower portion of the cylinder 32 in Example 1 is basically. This same phenomenon is getting stronger. However, numerical calculations are not possible as in high school physics.

In the comparative example, the asymmetric electrostatic force was generated by attaching the cylinder 31 directly to the back surface of the disk 30 and weakening the electric field on the back surface of the disk 30. On the other hand, in Example 1, the asymmetric electrostatic force was generated by sticking the cylinder 32 to the surface of the disk 30 via the insulating layer 33 and strengthening the electric field on the surface of the disk 30.
What happens if the cylinder 31 is directly attached to the back surface of the disk 30 and the cylinder 32 is attached to the surface of the disk 30 via the insulating layer 33? Both effects are expected to add to produce a larger asymmetric electrostatic force.

Therefore, the same cylinder 31 as in Comparative Example 1 was directly attached to the back surface of the asymmetric type (disk + cylindrical) conductor of Example 1 to produce a cylindrical disk + cylindrical asymmetric conductor. The forward / reverse electrostatic force acting on the conductor was simulated by the axial object two-dimensional difference method as described above. The results are shown side by side with Comparative Example and Example 1 in FIGS. Further, the asymmetry ASR calculated from the value is shown in FIG. 15 together with the comparative example and the example 1.
15 that the asymmetry rate ASR is further improved in the second embodiment than in the first embodiment. However, in FIG. 15, it is not clear whether the degree of asymmetry comparison is equal to the sum of the comparative example and Example 1. Therefore, in order to directly compare this point, the difference between the absolute values of the forward and reverse electrostatic forces and the forward and reverse electrostatic force difference were calculated, and the results are shown in FIG. From FIG. 16, it can be seen that the forward / reverse electrostatic force difference in Example 2 is substantially equal to the sum of the forward / reverse electrostatic force difference in Example 1 and the forward / reverse electrostatic force difference in Comparative Example.

The front view and side view of an asymmetrical conductor (charge carrier). Schematic layout of left and right electrodes and asymmetrical conductors used for simulation and experiment. The lattice diagram of the main part of the asymmetrical conductor used for the simulation. The graph which shows the electrostatic force which acts on the asymmetrical conductor (cylindrical disc type) of a comparative example. The graph which shows the electric field of the disc surface of the asymmetrical conductor (cylindrical disc type) of a comparative example. FIG. 6 is a distribution diagram of electric lines of force that enter an asymmetric conductor (cylindrical disk type) of a comparative example in a reverse electric field. The graph which shows the asymmetry rate with respect to the electric field of the asymmetric type conductor (cylindrical disc type) of a comparative example. FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of an asymmetric conductor (disk + cylindrical type) of Example 1 in a forward electric field. The graph which shows the electrostatic force which acts on the asymmetrical conductor (cylindrical disk type) of a comparative example, and the asymmetrical conductor (disk + cylindrical type) of Example 1. FIG. The graph which shows the asymmetry rate with respect to the electric field of the asymmetrical conductor (cylindrical disk type) of a comparative example, and the asymmetrical conductor (disk + cylindrical type) of Example 1. FIG. The graph which shows the electric field of the disk surface of the asymmetrical conductor (disk + cylinder type) of Example 1. FIG. FIG. 6 is a distribution diagram of electric lines of force entering and exiting the asymmetric conductor (disk + cylindrical type) of Example 1 in a forward electric field. The graph which shows the electrostatic force which acts on the asymmetric type conductor (cylindrical disc type) of a comparative example, and the asymmetric type conductor (cylindrical disc + cylindrical type) of Example 2. FIG. The graph which shows the electrostatic force which acts on the asymmetrical conductor (disk + cylinder type) of Example 1, and the asymmetrical conductor (cylindrical disk + cylinder type) of Example 2. The graph which shows the asymmetry rate with respect to the electric field of the asymmetric type conductor of a comparative example, Example 1, and Example 2. FIG. The graph which shows the value which totaled the difference of the absolute value of the electrostatic force of a forward and reverse electric field of a comparative example, Example 1, and Example 2, and the value of a comparative example and Example 1. FIG. The front view of the electrostatic generator described in patent document [4]. The graph which shows the electrostatic force which acts on the electric charge carrier of the electrostatic generator described in patent document [4].

1: Left electrode 2 for applying an electric field to an asymmetric conductor (charge carrier) 2: Right electrode 3 for applying an electric field to an asymmetric conductor (charge carrier) 3: Asymmetric conductor (charge carrier)
30: Disc constituting the asymmetric conductor (charge carrier) 31: Cylinder (back side) constituting the asymmetric conductor (charge carrier) of the comparative example and Example 2
32: Cylinder (front side) constituting the asymmetric conductor (charge carrier) of Example 1 and Example 2
33: Insulating layer 4 for fixing the cylinder (front side) to the disk in Example 1 and Example 2: High voltage power supply 11: Electret (electric field forming electrode)
12: Charge injection electrode (ground electrode)
13: Charge carrier 14: Charge recovery electrode 20: Insulating support for electrodes 12, 14 and electret 11.

Claims (3)

  A phenomenon in which the magnitude (absolute value) of electrostatic force acting on an asymmetrically charged conductor varies greatly depending on the direction of the electric field, that is, an asymmetric type conductor that uses asymmetrical electrostatic force and is used in various electrostatic application equipment. Static electricity application using asymmetrical electrostatic force, characterized by comprising a flat plate placed perpendicular to the electric field, and a flat plate, cylinder, rod, etc., which are mounted vertically via an insulating layer on the flat plate Asymmetric conductor of equipment.   2. The electric field concentrating member such as a flat plate, a cylinder, or a bar is directly attached to the back surface of the asymmetric conductor directly without interposing an insulating layer.   The use of a plurality of electric field concentration members according to claim 1 or 2.