JP2015054741A - Electromagnetic brake device of elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a brake structure excellent in manufacturability with less manufacturing variation by improving suction force in thinning of an electromagnetic brake device which presses an outer peripheral surface of a brake drum to brake lifting equipment regarding the electromagnetic brake device.SOLUTION: An electromagnetic brake device of an elevator comprises: a brake drum 7; a fixed iron core 8; a movable iron core 9; a coil winding part 15 which is located between the fixed iron core 8 and the movable iron core 9; and a coil 10 wound around the coil winding part 15, in which the movable iron core 9 and the fixed iron core 8 have recesses located opposite to each other, and house the coil winding part 15 and the coil 10 in both recesses. Furthermore, a rotational axis of the brake drum 7 and a center axis of the coil 10 are arranged perpendicular to each other, and non-magnetic bodies are provided between the coil 10 and the fixed iron core 8 and the movable iron core 9 in a state in which the recesses of the fixed iron core 8 and the movable iron core 9 are opposite to each other on a projection plane in a center axis direction of the coil 10.

Description

  The present invention relates to an electromagnetic brake device for braking an elevator car, and more particularly to a thin brake suitable for a machine room-less elevator.

  Generally, a hoisting machine and a control device for raising and lowering an elevator car and a speed governor for detecting an overspeed of the car are installed in a machine room provided in an upper part of a building. However, in elevators that have a short up / down stroke and a relatively slow up / down speed of the car, machine room-less elevators that do not have a machine room are also widespread.

  In the case of a machine room-less elevator, devices such as a hoisting machine and a control device that are conventionally arranged in a machine room are arranged in a hoistway. Moreover, the space of the hoistway is limited, and the shape and installation method of the hoisting machine are various. For example, the hoisting machine is arranged so that the hoisting machine overlaps the car cross section at the lowermost or uppermost part of the hoistway, or the hoisting machine is arranged so that the hoisting machine does not overlap the car cross section. Usually, since the clearance between the carriage and the hoistway is only about several hundred mm, in order to install the hoisting machine in the gap, a flat hoisting machine is necessary, and so-called thin hoisting machines are used. .

  As for the thin hoisting machine, a direct acting electromagnetic brake device that presses a lining against a brake drum is widely adopted. For example, in an elevator hoist, an electromagnetic brake device that presses and brakes the outer peripheral surface of a brake drum is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. In addition, in an elevator hoisting machine, there is one described in Patent Document 2 as an electromagnetic brake device that presses and brakes the inner surface of a brake drum.

  Further, as an electromagnet device aiming at high output of electromagnetic force, there is one described in Patent Document 3.

International Publication No. WO11 / 004468 JP 2002-284486 A JP 2001-237118 A

  FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a hoistway in a conventional machine room-less elevator. The thin hoisting machine 3 is arranged in a gap of several hundred mm between the car 1 and the hoistway wall W, and the counterweight 2 is arranged on the lateral side. As described above, the thin hoisting machine is often disposed so as to be surrounded by the car 1, the hoistway wall W, and the counterweight 2.

  Therefore, the hoistway area can be reduced by downsizing the hoisting machine 3, and the degree of freedom of the layout of the equipment installed in the hoistway can be increased. Reduction of dimensions in the width direction is one of the important issues in machine room-less elevators.

  In Patent Document 2, braking is performed by pressing the inner surface of the brake drum as a measure for reducing the dimension in the width direction of the thin hoisting machine. However, because the brake is disposed inside the brake drum, the size of the hoisting machine 3 can be reduced. However, for maintenance and repair of the electromagnetic brake device, disassembly is unavoidable, and there is a concern about an increase in maintenance time.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a hoistway in a conventional machine room-less elevator. When the hoisting machine 3 is arranged on the top of the hoistway as shown in FIG. 2, maintenance of the hoisting machine 3 must be performed on the upper surface of the car 1.

  When the electromagnetic brake device 4 is arranged so as to face the brake drum 7 in the vertical direction of the hoisting machine 3, the hoisting machine 3 is installed close to the hoistway ceiling, so the gap is narrow and arranged on the lower surface of the hoisting machine. It is difficult to secure a work space for the electromagnetic brake device 4 and the maintainability is poor. On the other hand, if the electromagnetic brake device is disposed at a position facing the horizontal direction of the brake drum, the width dimension of the hoisting machine is increased.

  Further, when the electromagnetic brake device is thinned to reduce the width dimension, the electromagnetic attractive force decreases due to the downsizing of the coil and the increase of the magnetic resistance. Therefore, an electromagnet high attraction structure as shown in Patent Document 3 has been proposed. However, in Patent Document 3, since a nonmagnetic material is interposed between the iron core at the center of the coil and the coil, the cross-sectional area of the central iron core is reduced by the amount corresponding to the nonmagnetic material, and the magnetic resistance is reduced. It becomes higher and the suction power decreases.

  An object of the present invention is to reduce the variation in performance due to manufacturing in a small and high attraction force electromagnetic brake device that presses the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum and brakes the hoisting machine in view of the above-mentioned problems related to the electromagnetic brake device. And providing a brake structure for improving manufacturability.

  To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a brake drum, a fixed iron core that does not move relative to the brake drum, a movable iron core that moves relative to the brake drum, and a position between the fixed iron core and the movable iron core. In the elevator electromagnetic brake device including the coil, the movable iron core and the fixed iron core each have a concave portion, and the movable iron core and the concave portion of the fixed iron core are located facing each other, and the coil is magnetic. Wrapped around the coil winding part made of a body, and arranged in the recesses of both the movable iron core and the fixed iron core in a state where the coil is wound around the coil winding part. The center axis of the coil is vertically arranged, and the concave portion of the fixed core and the movable core are opposed to each other. Characterized in that the provided coil fixing plate made of a nonmagnetic material between the movable iron core.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a brake structure that reduces variations in performance due to manufacturing and improves manufacturability.

Sectional drawing of the hoistway in the conventional machine room less elevator. Schematic of the hoistway in the conventional machine room-less elevator. The perspective view of the hoistway in the machine room less elevator of this invention. The top view of an electromagnetic brake device. FIG. 4A is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 4A. Sectional drawing explaining operation | movement of an electromagnetic brake device. Sectional drawing explaining operation | movement of an electromagnetic brake device. Sectional drawing which shows the electromagnetic brake device of Example 1 of this invention. The disassembled perspective view which shows the electromagnetic brake device of Example 2 of this invention. The disassembled perspective view which shows the electromagnetic brake device of Example 3 of this invention. The schematic diagram which showed the position of center magnetic flux (phi) c and the outer magnetic pole magnetic flux (phi) o of a prior art example. The schematic diagram which showed the position of center magnetic flux (phi) c and outer magnetic pole magnetic flux (phi) o of Example 1 of this invention. The schematic diagram which showed the position of center magnetic flux (phi) c and outer magnetic pole magnetic flux (phi) o of Example 2 of this invention. Explanatory drawing which showed the result of the magnetic field analysis of a prior art example and this invention Example. The bottom view which showed the shape of the projection part in this invention Example. BB sectional drawing in FIG. 11A. The front view which shows the application example which applied this invention to the thin winding machine. The side view of FIG. The front view which shows the other application example which applied this invention to the thin hoisting machine.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of equipment arrangement in the hoistway of the machine room elevator. The car 1 moves up and down via a plurality of ropes 5 wound around a steel wheel 6 of the hoisting machine 3. The steel wheel 6 is directly connected to a drive device (not shown) and is driven by the drive device. The brake drum 7 is directly connected to the steel wheel 6, and the car 1 is stopped when the brake drum 7 is braked by the brake device 4. 2 is a counterweight.

  Hereinafter, in describing the present invention, the structure and operation of a conventional electromagnetic brake device will be described. 4A is a plan view of the electromagnetic brake device, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 4A. The structure of the non-excitation actuating brake device will be described with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B.

  4A and 4B, the electromagnetic brake device 4 includes a fixed iron core 8 and a movable iron core 9 made of a magnetic material, a coil 10, a brake spring 11, a gap adjusting mechanism having adjusting bolts 12a and 12b, a brake shoe 13, and a brake lining. 14 is provided. The brake spring 11 is attached in a state compressed from a free length in advance.

  FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the electromagnetic brake device, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the electromagnetic brake device.

  FIG. 5A shows a state where the electromagnetic brake device 4 is braking the hoisting machine 3. In the braking state, during braking, the steel wheel is braked by the pressing force of the braking spring 11 pressing the brake lining 14 against the brake drum 7 via the movable iron core 9.

  FIG. 5B shows a state during non-braking. During non-braking, the fixed core 8 is magnetized by applying a current to the coil 10. When the fixed iron core 8 is magnetized, the movable iron core 9 is attracted to the fixed iron core 8 side, the brake lining 14 is separated from the brake drum 7, and the pressing force is released.

  As described above, the braking operation is mechanically executed by the braking spring 11, and the braking force is released electrically. In this way, a fail-safe operation is realized in which the car 1 stops when power supply is cut off due to a power failure or the like.

  FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the electromagnetic brake device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The basic configuration of the electromagnetic brake device of the first embodiment is the same as that of the conventional non-excitation operation type brake device, but the cross section of the fixed iron core 8 and the movable iron core 9 is U-shaped as shown in FIG. And openings, and the openings are arranged so as to face each other. Further, the coil 10 is disposed in the opening. C is a coil central axis. Thereby, the leakage magnetic flux from the opposing part of the fixed iron core 8 and the movable iron core 9 can be reduced compared with the conventional structure.

  Furthermore, compared with the cited reference 3, the magnetic resistance generated by reducing the magnetic resistance by directly winding the coil 10 around the coil winding portion 15 made of a magnetic material allows the magnetic flux generated when a voltage is applied to the coil 10 to have a conventional structure. It can be improved compared with.

  Examples of a method for fixing the coil 10 to the coil winding portion 15 include impregnation and self-bonding wires, and fixing the periphery of the coil 10 with an insulating tape. Moreover, as a method of fixing the coil winding part 15 to the fixed iron core 8, there is a method of fixing with fastening members 17a, 17b such as bolts, for example, but there is no problem even if this is integrated by welding or adhesion.

  Further, a coil fixing plate 22 made of a nonmagnetic material having the same shape as the projected shape of the coil 10 in the coil central axis direction is disposed between the coil 10 and the fixed iron core 8 and between the coil 10 and the movable iron core 9. With the above configuration, a predetermined gap can be maintained between the coil 10 and the fixed iron core 8 and the movable iron core 9.

  FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view showing the electromagnetic brake device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Example 2 relates to a specific structure of the coil fixing plate. The coil winding portion 15 has an oval shape as shown in FIG. 4A.

  In FIG. 7, the coil winding portion 15 is provided with a protrusion 23, and coil fixing plates 26 made of a nonmagnetic material and provided with a recess R that fits the protrusion 23 are provided above and below the coil winding portion 15. .

  By fitting and fixing the coil fixing plate 26 and the protrusion 23 of the coil winding portion 15, a nonmagnetic material having a thickness of the coil fixing plate 26 is formed between the fixed iron core 8, the movable iron core 9 and the coil 10. To do. Here, the concave portion R is provided on the coil fixing plate 26 and the projection 23 is provided on the coil winding portion 15. You may provide in the attaching part 15. FIG.

  By winding the coil around a bobbin structure including the coil winding portion 15 and the coil fixing plate 26, a configuration in which a nonmagnetic material is provided on both side surfaces in the central axis direction of the coil 10 can be obtained.

As an application example of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, if the projection 23 is attached to the magnetic plate 27 and the coil winding portion 15 and the projection 23 are configured separately, the coil winding portion 15 is manufactured. Can be further facilitated.
[Comparison of center flux φc and outer magnetic pole flux φo]
Next, the magnetic circuit of the electromagnetic brake device of the present invention will be described in comparison with the conventional example, a comparative example in which the coil fixing plate of the present invention is made of a magnetic material, and the present invention.

  FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the center magnetic flux φc and the outer magnetic pole magnetic flux φo in the conventional example. FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the central magnetic flux φc and the outer magnetic pole magnetic flux φo of the comparative example. FIG. 9C is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the center magnetic flux φc and the outer magnetic pole magnetic flux φo of the present invention. The dotted arrows shown in FIGS. 9A to 9C indicate the flow of magnetic flux. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the results of magnetic field analysis of the conventional example and the embodiment of the present invention.

  When the center magnetic flux φc is compared with the conventional example of FIG. 9A, in the configuration in which the coil fixing plate 25 made of the magnetic material of the comparative example shown in FIG. Increase by 23.6%. In the present invention of FIG. 9C, the center magnetic flux φc is increased by 29%.

  Further, when the ratio of the outer magnetic pole magnetic flux φo to the central magnetic flux φc is compared, the direction of the central magnetic flux φc is positive, and in the comparative example in which the coil fixing plate 25 is made of only a magnetic material, it is −5.2%. In the configuration of the invention, it is -1.7%, and it can be seen that the magnetic flux φc generated at the center of the coil 10 can be effectively utilized in the present invention.

  When the coil fixing plate 25 is composed of only a magnetic material as in the comparative example, the magnetic circuit shown in the magnetic path 28 in FIG. 9B is formed, and the central magnetic flux φc generated at the coil center is not only the outer magnetic pole magnetic flux φo. Since the magnetic circuit 28 circulates in the magnetic circuit 28, the magnetic flux φc generated at the center of the coil 10 cannot be used effectively.

  In FIG. 10, the center magnetic flux φc of the conventional structure is represented as 1. As a result of the analysis, the center magnetic flux is improved by about 30% in the structure of the present invention, and the reduction rate of the outer magnetic pole magnetic flux φo is also improved.

  Thus, according to the present invention, by effectively utilizing the center magnetic flux φc, the attractive force of the electromagnetic coil is finally improved by about 20% compared to the conventional example.

  As described above, the rotating shaft of the brake drum and the central axis of the coil are arranged vertically, and the coil, the stationary iron core, and the coil By providing a coil fixing plate made of a non-magnetic material between the movable iron core and the magnetic circuit formed in the electromagnetic brake device, the magnetic resistance is reduced and the magnetic flux is increased. It is possible to improve the coil suction force by flowing it through the electromagnetic brake device and to reduce the thickness of the electromagnetic brake device used in the elevator hoisting machine.

  On the other hand, when a magnetic material is disposed on the upper surface of the coil 10, if there is a magnetic material in the vicinity of the inflow cross section of the outer magnetic pole flux φo of the fixed iron core 8 and the movable iron core 9, a magnetic circuit is formed and the magnetic flux generated at the coil center is reduced. However, it cannot be used effectively. Based on this, the appropriate shape and position of the protrusion 23 made of a magnetic material will be examined. If the protrusion 23 is disposed in the vicinity of the inner wall of the concave portion of the fixed iron core 8 and the movable iron core 9, the center magnetic flux φc flows not only to the outer magnetic pole magnetic flux φo but also to the protrusion 23. The magnetic flux has a characteristic that it tends to flow to a portion having a low magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit. The magnetic resistance R is expressed by the following formula.

R: Magnetic resistance [A / Wb], μ: Magnetic permeability, l: Magnetic path length [m], A: Magnetic path cross-sectional area [m ² ]
Therefore, the shape of the protrusion 23 is preferably a shape in which the cross-sectional area decreases as the distance from the central axis of the coil 10 increases. FIG. 11A is a bottom view showing the shape of the protrusion in Example 3 of the present invention. 11B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 11A.

  FIG. 11A shows the coil fixing plate 26 as viewed from the projection plane direction of the central axis of the coil 10. The protrusion 23 has a substantially quadrant shape, and the cross-sectional area decreases as the distance from the central axis of the coil 10 increases.

As shown in FIG. 11A, the long side of the rectangular fixed iron core 8 is 31 and the short side is 32. Further, the recess major axis of the ellipse-shaped recess 18 provided in the fixed core 8 Lo, the recess minor and S _H. Further, the length between the recess 18 and the long side 31 is L1, and the thickness between the recess 18 and the short side 32 is L2.

In the above,
L1 = (short side length−S _H ) / 2 (2)
L2 = (long side length−Lo) / 2 (3)
L2> L1 (4)
It becomes. At this time, let P be the vertex at which the straight portion and the curved portion of the substantially quadrant-shaped projection 23 intersect. When the straight portion and the apex P of the protruding portion 23 are arranged on the long side (up and down direction in the drawing) of the fixed iron core 8 having the thickness L1 or the corner of the fixed iron core 8 having a rectangular shape, the long side 31 extends from the protruding portion 23. Can be reduced. The same applies to the movable iron core 9.

  As shown in FIG. 11B, the protrusion 23 has a half-moon shaped cross section so that the cross-sectional area decreases as the distance from the center of the coil 10 increases.

  Although not shown here, it is desirable that the coil winding portion 15, the coil fixing plate 22, the coil fixing plate 26, and the magnetic plate 27 are subjected to insulation treatment. For example, although not shown, it is also an effective means to attach an insulating tape or the like to the coil contact surface.

  A configuration in which the present invention is applied to a thin hoisting machine will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 12 is a front view showing an application example in which the present invention is applied to a thin hoisting machine. FIG. 13 is a side view of FIG. FIG. 14 is a front view showing another application example in which the present invention is applied to a thin hoisting machine.

  The fixed iron core 8 is fixed by being fastened by a fastening member 17 to a hoisting machine base 21 via a fixing member 20, in the figure, an L-shaped member. At this time, the fixing member 20 is preferably made of a non-magnetic material.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Car 2 ... Balance weight 3 ... Hoisting machine 4 ... Electromagnetic brake device 5 ... Rope 6 ... Steel wheel 7 ... Brake drum 8 ... Fixed iron core 9 ... movable iron core 10 ... coils 11a, b ... brake springs 12a, b ... adjustment bolts 13 ... brake shoes 14 ... brake lining 15 ... coil winding part 18 ... Recess 20 ... Fixing member 21 ... Hoisting machine bases 22, 25, 26 ... Coil fixing plate 23 ... Projection 24 ... Coil unit 27 ... Magnetic plate 28 ... Magnetic path 31 ... long side 32 ... short sides C ... coil center axis Lo ... recess major axis _S H ... recess minor P ... vertex W ... hoistway wall

Claims (7)

Electromagnetic brake device for an elevator comprising a brake drum, a fixed iron core that does not move relative to the brake drum, a movable iron core that moves relative to the brake drum, and a coil positioned between the fixed iron core and the movable iron core In
The movable iron core and the fixed iron core each have a concave portion, and the movable iron core and the concave portion of the fixed iron core are located facing each other,
The coil is wound around a coil winding portion made of a magnetic material, and the coil is wound around the coil winding portion and disposed in the recesses of both the movable iron core and the fixed iron core,
The rotation axis of the brake drum and the central axis of the coil are arranged vertically, and the coil, the fixed iron core, and the fixed iron core in the direction of the central axis of the coil, with the concave portion of the fixed iron core and the movable iron core facing each other, and An electromagnetic brake device for an elevator, wherein a coil fixing plate made of a non-magnetic material is provided between the coil and the movable iron core.   2. The elevator electromagnetic brake device according to claim 1, wherein a protrusion for attaching the coil fixing plate to the coil winding portion is provided on one of the coil fixing plate and the coil winding portion. Elevator electromagnetic brake device.   3. The elevator electromagnetic brake device according to claim 1, wherein the coil fixing plate is made of a resin or a metal non-magnetic material. 4.   4. The elevator electromagnetic brake device according to claim 2, wherein the coil winding portion is configured such that the winding portion around which the coil is wound and the protruding portion are configured separately. 5. Elevator electromagnetic brake device   5. The elevator electromagnetic brake device according to claim 2, wherein the movable iron core and the fixed iron core have a rectangular shape having a long side, a short side, and a corner in a projected shape in the coil central axis direction. An electromagnetic brake device for an elevator, wherein at least one of the protrusions is disposed at a corner of the movable iron core and the fixed iron core.   The elevator electromagnetic brake device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the projecting portion decreases as a cross-sectional area in a cross section parallel to the coil central axis decreases from the coil center. Electromagnetic brake device.   The electromagnetic brake device for an elevator according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the protrusion has a vertex formed by a straight portion, a curved portion, and an intersection of both, and the fixed iron core as viewed from the projection surface in the coil central axis direction. Or, among the long side and the short side of the movable core, the straight part of the protrusion and the side having the smallest thickness of the concave part and the long side or the short side of the fixed core and the movable core An electromagnetic brake device for an elevator characterized in that an apex is arranged.

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